General Relativity Explained simply & visually
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- čas přidán 19. 06. 2020
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Albert Einstein was ridiculed when he first published his theory. People thought it was too weird and radical to be real. Einstein wasn’t satisfied with his theory either, because the theory did not apply if Gravity was present or if the observer was accelerating. One day, while observing a window washer on a ladder near his patent office, he had a thought experiments.
He imagined what would happen if the worker were to fall. He put himself in the window washer’s perspective, and imagined what he would experience as he was falling. He realized that if he was falling, gravity would be the only force acting on him. He would be accelerating towards the ground, but since the ground would not be pushing up on his body, he would feel no weight. And this would be no different than being weightless in space.
In a way gravity and acceleration were different ways to describe the same thing. The way to connect gravity in the theory of relativity was through the idea of acceleration, and this became the basis of general relativity.
Einstein imagined being in a room with no windows, and a bathroom scale. It would weigh 80 Kgs, What if the room was on a space ship accelerating in an upward direction at 9.8 m/s/s. He would feel the same weight. There would be no difference
He imagined what would happen if he took a flashlight and pointed it from one side of the room to the other, as the space ship was accelerating upwards. If he had a ruler, he could measure the height of the light on the other side of the room. He realized that the height measured on the wall would be lower than the source of the light, because the floor of the room would be rushing upwards at ever faster speeds, as the light was propagating across the room. The light beam would appear to curve downward.
However, If you were on earth, and you measured the two heights, you may think that there should be no difference. That light should go straight to the other side of the room. Einstein thought it can’t be because it would violate the principle of equivalence. Acceleration of the room on a space should be no different than the room under the influence of gravity on earth. He realized that this meant light must bend in the presence of a gravitational field.
But light should be going on the shortest path. Then he realized, maybe the shortest path between two points is not a straight line but a curved line near gravity.
This was the key insight that Einstein had about gravity. But in order to express this mathematically, it required very complicated mathematics that even a genius like Einstein could not easily figure out. He contacted an old buddy from his college days, mathematician Marcel Grossman.
It’s important to note that the trampoline analogy you normally see on TV shows and youtube videos like this is a 2D plane used for visualization purposes only, but it is really in 3D.
In order for this theory to really be taken seriously, it had to make a prediction that could be tested, which was confirmed by the fact that it explained Mercury’s orbit which had been a mystery for decades because it had a precession. General relativity predicted exactly the precession that Mercury actually has.
But many skeptics still remained. The most fool proof confirmation came 4 years after he published it,when a team led English Astronomer, Arthur Eddington. in 1919, photographed stars near the sun during a total solar eclipse. He found that light passed near the sun was bent by the curvature of space due to its gravity. This is the moment Einstein became a celebrity.
#generalrelativity
#einstein
Why is this not just a distortion of space but also of time?...because special relativity says that light always moves at the same speed regardless of perspective or reference frame. This means that light will have the same speed in an accelerating reference frame as it will in a resting reference frame. But since the distance traveled by the beam of light in a gravitational field is longer due the curving of space, in order for the speed of light to remain constant, time itself must pass slower in the gravitational field relative to time in empty space.
General relativity does not answer everything. Although it tells us how gravity works, it doesn’t really tell us what exactly it is. - Věda a technologie
Shout out to the window washer. Without him this video would not exist.
And to the apple that fell on newton's head. without that, newton wouldn't have invented gravity (just a joke, chill bois)
Shoutout to fruit and dirt.
I'm old but you're welcome.
@@mathematicalninja2756 And if Newton hadn't invented gravity, the window washer would not fall.
@@jfq7223 thats hilarious 😂😂👍
When you see it, it's like oh cool. But when you actually start thinking about it, it's so insane.
kim iamkajorn why did you have to put your ego in here smh the comment section was a vibe
Yeah when he did the thought experiment and explained Einstein’s “maybe it is taking the shortest route” I finally understood
@@ninjaslash52_98 I’ve literally just been thinking about how mind blowingly cool all this stuff is. Mostly it’s just admiration at Einstein’s ability to forget everything he thought he knew and question everything. This theory was 70 years ahead of its time. And he did it when he was 25. I’ve watched about 2-3 videos in relativity and never got it until now. And boy does it feel good to connect the dots on something so mind blowing.
@@kimiamkajorn9393.....you inserted your ego by saying: "it is not hard at all haha"!....@Roast Me was right!...smh2
Absolute right
This guy is good at explaining
Best explanation.
This guy is a genius for making it so easy to understand
No actually Einstein is the genius for making it so easy lol it is literally considered a theory of extraordinary beauty because of its simplicity.
@@michaelvaughan8 No ordinary person can explain general relativity to a teenager easily
we are all genius!!!
@@vedantsridhar8378 I’m ten and he explained it so beautifully that I didn’t have to think twice about this theory
@@ballin1006 Well then this means your physics understanding skills is extremely above average(so in a sense you're very smart), but also Arvin Ash is smart to simplify it that good, while Einstein was a genius to have invented it in the first place.
And yet there are people who still believe in flat earth
Really sad I might add.
If the Earth were really flat, Cats would have shoved everything off of the edge by now.
Oswald Cobblepot I’ve seen that joke millions of times.
You can’t be religious and say the earth isn’t flat
You must be the Grand Ayatollah. What else can we not be, your holiness?
Great video 👍👌
"You could never possibly know things" said in various formats, have been the meanest expressions I have ever experienced.
It’s crazy we used to have to read books to learn stuff like this
We need practice also maybe we need to fall from a window and find out more about Gravity
"you know that thing, general relativity?"
"yes!"
"Ok, I have this formula here.. and this here.... please, solve them and put on my desk tomorrow."
you still have. Understanding and learning are quite different.
@RJ Weissenborn.......What are books?.....Can I find them on the net??
@Jason Shearin there are books on flat earth
@@donaldjohnson257 yes and you can also download a free narrator that will read all the books to you forever and never stop or get tired I dood it all the time
"Time is not absolute"
Gives me chills....
@Terrance Smith our experience of time is absolute, it changes w.r.t experience of other things.
Yeah its kind of scary and gives off a feeling that MAYBE time is just an illusion
seeing as time now isnt absolute and grounded just makes it feel like every force in the universe is just floating around without ground to stand on, like gravity and time can be influenced and changed, and space is also expanding and moving, stretching.
just makes me feel like the universe isnt the absolute reality because how can infinity expand into something that doesnt exist, maybe the universe just exists as space within a space that you can travel into by going "outside".
I really think that CS Lewis was on to something in the Magicians Nephew. The way the universe/universes are presented in that book is beyond anything I ever thought.
Time is not real at all
Can we all agree, physics is beautiful!✨
Excellent 👌
You can’t find a better explanation on the web explaining why time actually runs slower in gravitational fields or at lightspeed.
So true..
Here's another really good one explaining why it works
czcams.com/video/jhpKUapI3cY/video.html
The Science Asylum has some videos on the subject, also with excellent visual simple explanations - check out the playlist on Gravity as Spacetime Curvature, it is put simply: Great squirrel
czcams.com/play/PLOVL_fPox2K83_36YgnGisn4rxNvgq1iR.html
True
Time doesn't move from light speeds perspective.
If you were to move at light speed you would effectively arrive in a time further along the line without aging. Travel at light speed for a thousand years; you would not age or start to age until you stopped.
Im a clerk. And also discovered a theory of relatively of time. Time slowdowns on monday. And speeds up on payroll day.
I found that time slows even more on Friday afternoon near the end of the workday, and speeds up during the weekend.
@@wayneyadams no joke
Hahaha. Thanks. Enjoyed that. Too bad you weren't a patent clerk. You'd be on your way. Methinks that's what Albert did. "Hey, I'll just get my own patent on this, myself." So he did. "Hmmm. Seems like a weird theory, but look, it's already been patented. I guess it's true. Tell the world."
Genius...
Brilliant
nice and efective animations sir
really good presantation
The explanation around 10:50 was a perfect summary of how time can be affected by gravity. I never fully got it until hearing that.
2 things that make those videos great :
1. The animations
2. The quality of the questions he asks. It's like he's in your head. I hate it so much when people pretend to explain a concept and leave obvious questions unanswered.
Thank you Arvin Ash.
RANDOM recommendation for education:
Best social commentary i know: Hbomberguy. Just sayin'.
Also, he's funny af.
Finaly I understand what space_time continuen means. Thank you Sir.
A really Comprehensive simple explanation on this subject
This channel is incredibly good at explaining concepts that I've heard hundreds of times, but presenting them in a way so that I can actually UNDERSTAND them.
physics by eugine? is another great one for complex stuff like this. their animations and repetition really push the points well.
@@scottmiller4295 Yeah!!...Its just a great channel!😍🤗
twit.
I had exactly tgebsame thought lol
Hey guys if u love to learn quantum mysteries then visit my science channel u gonna love it
watched this video 2 years ago while i was in high school, and it just triggered a big interest in physics for me, so a started to dig deeper in the wonderful world of youtube physics content. Now i am studying physics at the university and pursueing my passion, and all of it started with this video i clicked on when i was bored. Keep up the great work!
Maybe you'll be in a position to make a video of your own soon then. Among the things that are not clear at all to me is that objects are accelerating in all directions at the same time. Why they don't explode is the key for understanding gravity and probably other phenomenons.
I felt the same just now after watching this video. This might be a sign for me to study physics.
@@jean-claudewallard9309why would they explode
I'm a 15 year old who before didn't like school and my physics teacher is old but he's so passionate about physics and math that it got me invested in it and now I look up things like this because it's so freaking amazing
I can't thank you enough for making this. I'm 32, and for almost 20 years I thought never in my life would I ever be able to really understand this, I thought I simply wasn't smart enough to ever truly grasp it, but now, thanks to you, I feel I can begin to visualize it, got a lot more to learn of course, but I'm certain that I'll comprehend it.
Thank you, this made me incredibly happy.
Happy for you.
He was blowing smoke the whole time. No questions answered.
wait till you see the math..
@@user-yr4os6jz4r yeah... riiiiiight. Which explains the enormous mountains of evidence backing up the theory he's discussing, and zero evidence disproving it... sure, dude. You betcha.
🙄
It's a great feeling, isn't it, Abraham? I really enjoy that feeling learning something from a source that finally helps it just _click_ in my mind and make *sense!* I'm happy for you! 🖖🏼🙂👍🏼
*The 3D model for the curvature of space really helped.*
Arvin, Naval Observatory Astrophysicist Tom van Flandern wrote a paper in the 1990”s showing how the theory fails to explain solar emissions. Its a groundbreaking paper that deserves your attention.
Now I know how my dog feels when I'm talking to it.. Ciekawy wykład. Dziękuję .
Imagine being that window washer and living your whole life completely oblivious to the fact that you helped Albert Einstein figure out how the entire universe worked.
General relativity doesn't explain "the entire universe", it explains gravity
@@hdj2jmdn746 the universe wouldn't work without gravity biatch
@@hdj2jmdn746 nevertheless I apologise for the hyperbole. If I had said gravity instead the joke would have been much funnier. No sarcasm
Window washers are a proud people, and live a dignified, forthright life 😤✊
@@hdj2jmdn746 ya... but without the General Theory of Relativity we would be hundreds of years behind in understanding how the universe worked
Damn! This guy really breaks it down because he understands it properly. Not a single other video online can simplify it like he could. Kudos Arvin, you're amazing!
Well, it still takes him 14 fuckin minutes to explain it. That’s too long
@@MyVideos-fm7ug your reply is killing me😂
@@sushiiroll844 some of us don’t have the patience or even 14 minutes to hear about one of Albert’s delusions. It sounds more like the byproducts of his own insanity more than anything
Oh my gosh, I’ve been watching so many videos trying to understand general and special relativity and this has been the only video that makes sense thank you so much😭😂
Brilliant. We are living in amazing times….and space!
Stuff like this is so interesting to me. I’m a 16 year old who doesn’t like school, and yet my science teacher was passionate enough about physics and astronomy/cosmology that it got me so invested in it to the point where I go out of my way to look up things like this just because it’s so mind-blowing!
Sameee
I’m also 16 and just completely immersed in learning everything because the knowledge is out there!!
Same here , I m 12
Same 16 too, Einstein and Tesla are my rome models
@@tervicke487 Let me tell you, don't let bad teachers and peers at school demotivate you! There's better people out there who are researching on fascinating stuff like this!
It's great to get the precise and untold theories in school, here for a 17yo student like me.
Good stuff! ❤
Excellent
I really liked the 3d version at 8:09 awesome!
That's the first demo of space curving that's actually made understand it. I've never understood the old bowling ball on a sheet explanation :)
Yes! I’ve been trying to picture it in my mind for years and figured I was wrong cuz I never see it. Awesome! Now, how can I turn that into a tattoo. Lol
Is it me or do the 2D and 3D animations contradict each other. The 3D seems to pull space to it, the 2D seems to push it away. Trying to get this straight in my head!!
Si PieMan you nailed it. sam question from myside also
@@Simon_PieMan In the 2d simulation it shows a sheet. Imagine placing a marble on the side, it will roll to the center due to the curvature. Thus "pulling in the marble" .
I've been DEEP diving topics surrounding this subject and the 3/d graph showing the interaction between gravity and matter was like a puzzle piece and suddenly so much information clicked. I have no idea how I have not come across it but thank you so much. You have also deepend my understanding on time dilation which I was struggling with as well
This was Mind-Blowing :O
Quantum Gravity would be out something of this world to imagine..
I thought Einstein explained the sound of the train coming towards you to the sound when it has passed you, to the observer. Great video.
Really beautifully explained. I especially appreciate the reminder that distortion in the spacetime fabric occurs in three dimensions, not just in the 2 dimensions we are often shown in graphics. Mr Ash is wonderfully skilled in presenting this material.
Thank you for 14 of the best minutes of my life...
Mike you need to get out more...
Breakthrough. Magnificent
You are a genius for this explanation
Great teachers can explain difficult matter in simple terms. You Mr. Ash are one of them
You did an amazing job going through each line of logic building up perfectly. Thanks ash!
The mathematician is really must be genius to able to express this complex ideas in mathematical concepts
best explanation I've ever heard
It's so beautiful.
This is explained so clearly, thank you.
Thank you for the great explanation! This has really helped me with my homework!
Thank you for this video...Bravo......
This is absolutely amazing…wow.
Now I know how my dog feels when I'm talking to it.
Underrated comment 🤣
My man
lmao!!
this is so true
ekfkefjjerkfn
*wags tail.. smiles back
8:09 is perfect
2d version confuses me alot
Yes. I wondered what was missing.
That’s because the first example shows space-time curved around the stationary mass, and the effect that has on the moving mass. Whereas the second example shows the effect a moving mass has on three dimensional space-time with no central mass shown at all. Not quite equivalent.
Part of the 2D explanations of general relativity or curvature is that you have to imagine that there is no "above" or "below" the stretched sheet. Light travels along the sheet because, in this analogy, the sheet is the only space that exists.
There is no North South East etc. . .
I agree! 2D is confusing, it is obvious there is something above and below but I couldn't imagine how it would look like. Now I see it for the first time, and what they tried to tell with 2D makes sense now 8:14
11:06 enlightenment !!!! now i understood black hole better 🤯
I have been struggling for years to grasp the concept of general relativity. So happy I found this video. You explain it so well. Thank you!
czcams.com/video/OQ-WV18BBIo/video.html
Totally
let's get knowledge about Einstein Theory of General Theory of Relativity :
www.phyzicsfacts.com/2020/08/que-what-is-difference-between-general.html
I wouldn't bother struggling to understand a concept that is so laughably wrong.
If you smoke some weed it will all make sense.
You are a bacterium that breaks down complex concepts into simpler ones.
lol weirdest but most accurate compliment ever
@@ajcook7777 did you just write an essay to complain about hand gestures on a scientific video?
What a compliment!
Or an enzyme?
Hey guys if u love to learn quantum mysteries then visit my science channel u gonna love it
THANK YOU ! Now I have to re-watch "INTERSTELLAR".
Thank you
I have watched dozens of videos about relativity in an attempt to understand it completely. I have read Einstein's book called relativity, and I have talked to physicists about this in real life. This video does more to explain the theory than anything else I've ever seen. Thank you and cheers. I still don't totally understand relativity, but then again, I'm told there's only about 12 people on Earth that truly do.
Ditto what Steven said. Toda raba.
@@Asthepersianssay That's what I saw in a documentary. There aren't just 12 people (that was 10 years ago) understand the concept of it. That would be ludicrous becusse there are God knows how many videos on CZcams exist explaining the CONCEPT of relativity. They were referring to the number of people that can understand and DO the math.
and none of the 12 agree!
Einstein himself doesn't understand it.
lmao
You explained very nicely. Things are much clear to me now.
Thank you for this video!
Omg I actually understand space time because of this. Watched this because I didn’t understand something Brian Cox was explaining.
i'm tearing up. i finally understood time dilation. i cannot thank you enough.
Arvin, your students are so lucky to have a professor like you. Thank you so much for this. Keep it up.
Agreed... He explains everything so nicely 👌🏽👌🏽💯💯
@@burhanuddinaranpurwala8892 ss
Hey guys if u love to learn quantum mysteries then visit my science channel u gonna love it
@Enter the Bragn’ It's not physics? Tht must mean you're better than Einstein to say that.
@Enter the Bragn’ Worst theory in history? His theory revolutionized our understanding of our reality. It took him a decade to work on the mathematics of his theory with the help of one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Do you have a research or theory or formula in physics already that is useful to mankind?
thank you made us understand easily
Thank you so much for this video
Wow. You explained it perfectly! I had such a hard time understanding it but you did an excellent job
Speaking of relative time: that was the fastest 14 minutes I've ever experienced!
Very nice explanation sir
Thanks a lot.really mean it❤
Thank you.
You have given me new dots to connect in my head. I'm learning a lot today.
Arvin, you have out done yourself! Amazing video. The best one out there on this subject. I mean you even included what 3d space looks like warped! Way to level up your game!
That was great thank you
Excellent video!
Mr. Arvin Ash, you are the first person who have made me understand this whole mystery very clearly. Whatever the lectures I watched, my understanding was completely obscured.
I hope you would keep simplifying scientific topics and uploading new videos as time passes by.
I wish you a very active brain and good health. Thank you.
I was going to comment this too. For so many years I never understood this and tried to understand it myself. And this video just completed me. I'm so happy now. Can't wait for the release of what gravity is.
@@rgogue8767 when I read this facts in my own language, I did not even understand. However, his lecture is very simple, to the point and easily understandable
He didn't explain it correctly
@@hosoiarchives4858 I assumed he couldn't. Simplifying something so incredibly complex will never be conveyed fully. Or if you're saying he actually did something wrong I would like to know. Either way this did help me understand it more and gave me a easier stepping stone into science.
@@rgogue8767 the most important part was the end where Einstein and QM are at odds. QM is going to win. We still don't understand the universe and Einstein is likely a placeholder
Your videos are amazing, thank you!
Thanks for your simple explanation.
most efficient 14 minutes of my life !!!
Stunningly simple explanation of a massively complex subject. Thank you.
The physics teacher i always dreamed of
Really god job men Thank you !!!
My whole existence had been shattered after watching this video
Damn this is one of the best explanation out there
Love your videos, very educational!
Thank you, very well explained!
Awesome video 👌
Accept my thanks for this much needed beautiful video dear Sir 🙏🏻
In your mind you can make reality anything you want it to be.
Hit the nail on the head.
physics is life we never stop learning and visualising
That 2d flat graphic of space time
has been driving me nuts for years!! Thank you so so much I finally (slightly) get it now
I watched “why is the speed of light what it is” from this channel right after this video and spent a good hour connecting all the dots between concepts I have read a 1000 times before. Basically went from electromagnetism (maxwells equations) -> generation of electromagnetic waves (astounding explanation!) -> propagation through space at a constant speed -> forcing gravity to cause curvature of space -> which in turn affecting time -> thus the idea of space-time. Amazing explanation! Was sure an eureka moment for me.
That is an excellent connection to visualize from the two videos!
Wow! It's a nice way to visualize!
@@ArvinAsh if till now science isn't able to explain gravity then Tell us something that we still fail to explain about gravity ?
@@mr.ramchandermishra2181 everything.
@@JesusGonzalez-vy1fx give me a eg plz
This is the best video about this topic I have ever watched! I finally understand.
Bro please explain me please I can't understand
@@gjojxduijv9152 which part didn't you understand?
@@gjojxduijv9152 basically gravity distorts space and time, gravity curves the fabric of space and makes time move slower, meaning that a clock on Earth would be slightly slowly than the one on the international space station because the gravitational field is stronger on Earth
@@yuritardid7761 yes bro now I'm clear
@@yuritardid7761where r u from
Ultimate explanation
Thank you for the disticntion betweent he 2D models and the rare 3D models. I couldnt understand what it looks like otherwise.
One of the best explanations of General Relativity out there. Thank you!
I want you to be my teacher. The way you talk is so intriguing and it makes me wanna learn more and know more about it!!! Love ur content
If you want a more entertaining version, just watch Hot Tub Time Machine.
Agreed. This guy is great!
Oh cmon we all know we wouldn't have listened anyway unless he had the visualization like the ones in the video
now i'm feeling my existence so worhtless!
This stretches, blows, baffles, and inspires my mind.
To think of the genius that Einstein possessed is incredible. How he was able to think all of this through back in the early 20th century with a lot of naysayers trying to discredit him just for good measure and still knock it out of the park and revolutionise physics and humans understanding of the universe is just legendary.
Could it have been somebody else ? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_priority_dispute
czcams.com/video/JlfW2rSljEQ/video.html
For beginners
@@marek528 Lorentz, poincare laid ground, Einstein built the towers. He himself said he stood on shoulders of giants.