This Is Not a Shockwave
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- čas přidán 27. 08. 2021
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Links to everything I do:
beacons.ai/brianmcmanus
Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
[References]
[1] aerorocket.com/Nozzle/Validate...
[2] www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZH...
[3] www.zehnderamerica.com/absolu...
[4] www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/air...
[5] / 1300787794793713664
[6] large.stanford.edu/courses/201...
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung - Věda a technologie
When aerodynamics are more interesting than a movie:
Aerodynamics* 😘
As someone who hasn't watched any movies in years : isn't that the case always?
@@BenBike oops hahah
It's nice to watch those films that use realism for drama instead of trying to gain drama through unrealism.
To be more specific *gas dynamics
for the blue light, LOOK FOR Cherenkov radiation. It's when charged particles move faster than light through a medium ( in nuclear reactors it's water). Though, when we say "nothing is faster than the speed of light", it is true, in a vacuum like space. Light can be slowed down when travelling through different mediums like water, making this possible. In water, light travels at 75% of it's vacuum speed.
Let's get this to top comment so we don't need to get Nebula.
I was kinda annoyed that he didn't mention the Cherenkov radiation by name for those who are interested to look it up. Forcing to watch an another video of his for an explanation isn't the way to go.
Thank you for pushing for free and avaliable information for all!
MVP comment
Don't educate people with FACTS. Who knows where that will lead!
"Many of you will be looking at the screen with a raise eyebrow right now"
I feel personally attacked
Light travels slower than "the speed of light" when it's moving through a material, like air or water, so it's possible for other things(like electrons) to move faster than it.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation
What we commonly call the speed of light - the universal speed limit - is actually the speed of causality. Light just happens to travel that fast when it's in a vacuum and there's nothing to slow it down. We call c the speed of light in large part because of the order in which things were discovered and named, iirc.
Same. And I continued to have a raised brow until "...in water." Oh, yes, okay, that makes perfect sense now.
I felt less attacked, and more confused as to how he managed to see my face.
This video is the epitome of the "well ackchyually" meme
@@WulfgarOpenthroat Thank you for that, saved me from having to make the same explanation. Which would have been almost word for word like yours :)
Great video. As a former aviator who flew the Hornet, I appreciate the clarification of the principles at work. One correction... 2:40 “If we were at 100% *absolute* humidity..”. Absolute humidity is the amount of water vapor per volume, and is independent of the temperature/capacity for the air to hold more vapor (i.e. 5G/m^2) Any time we refer to a percentage humidity, that is, by definition, *relative* humidity.
I was just about to say the same things.
Ah, you flew a Hornet, cool. Another Clarification, the jet has entered the "Sound Barrier" as indicated by the Supersonic Flow of the Vapor Cone, where water condenses across Supersonic Expansion Waves and evaporates across the Wake Shockwave. The second Boom of the classic boom-Boom forms first as the "Sound Barrier" is entered. The back half of the aircraft is flying in the Supersonic Bubble of the Sound Barrier. So, there actually is a Boom that is finite, circular, and grows to infinity at Mach 1, where the first boom forms. boom-Boom.
Hey when you break the speed of sound can you feel anything at all?
@@WeBeGood06The vapor cone can form and be visible even if the jet is flying at subsonic speeds. All that is needed is for the expansion zone to have a sufficiently low pressure that water in the air becomes super-saturated and therefore condenses as visible micro-droplets. Higher humidity ambient air requires lower jet speed to produce this effect.
I see I'm commenting on almost exactly the same thing, a year later. It's odd that the narrator made that weird error.
The Cherenkov radiation tease is brutal…
Yeah, doesn't even tell you its name, as if nebula is the only way to understand it
Каких ещё черенков? 🤭
@@IdunDied Fair I guess, but I drop YT subscriptions when the YT content becomes little more than an ad for their Nebula content. Don't want Nebula, never going to buy Nebula. I don't mind a prompt at the end, but a nasty tease at the end just seems mean. That's not why I follow educational YTers. If they can't make it work on YT, that's fine. Stop. I'm not owed a YT video. But don't rub my nose in the fact that I'm missing out on even better content.
@@IdunDied To be fair, CZcams has faaaaaar more content than Nebula.
@@Kyle-gw6qp And also faaaaaar more viewers. Point is way more of those viewers would pay for YT premium if it was cheap and not more expensive than even disney.
"Faster than Light"
Me: Lies, deception
Well, slower than the speed of light in a vacuum, but faster than the speed of light in water.
*IMPOSSIBRU!!!*
@@fnorgenThat's what I was thinking he meant. Very cool.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation
Faster than the speed of light through a material, which is slower than c, the speed of causality and universal speed limit.
@@WulfgarOpenthroat Relativistic causality*
This video was inspired by a Twitter thread by Dr. Chris Combs, a professor of hypersonics in UTSA. He also helped me research for the X-15 video.
Also, the saturation explanation is not strictly accurate, but it’s easier than explaining that the balance of evaporation and condensation changes. Don’t @ me meteorologists
Twitter has did something good
Twitter is class. Just follow cool people like hypersonics researchers.
Amazing work! Would it be possible that you made a video about the new and insane next gen drones the USAF is developing (mq-25, XQ-58 Valkyrie…) ??
@@RealEngineering Twitter is a festering cesspit. A blight on humanity.
@@kirkc9643 Something of an over-generalization, IMO. Kind of like saying humanity is a blight on humanity. Wait... nevermind.
This is a vintage type of real engineering video 😍 pure technical stuff explained to the point!
And I love it so much
@@DyslexicMitochondria your username made me click on your profile. Your channel is a hidden gem bro
Really? Where? All I saw was a teaser and ad for nebula
But wrong.
@@cobeer1768 , exactly! 🤭
Real engineering videos be like
"if this is not a hot dog: what is it? To answer that question, we need to talk about the industrial revolution..."
... and subscribe for Nebula 🤭
And sub to nebula
And buy nebula ffs it's so annoying I'm not paying for that shit sorry
Love the video. Just a quick note: clouds and the like aren’t made of visible water vapour; as gaseous water is invisible. These are examples of condensed water in liquid form, as tiny micro droplets, small enough for gravity forces to be small relative to other aerodynamic forces, keeping these micro droplets aloft as fog/clouds. Cheers!
Wow, very interesting point and the only comment worth reading
Yes, I spotted that too. Wasn't sure if it was a slip of the tongue or not.
I'm also pretty impressed that he had the courage to quit his day job before even uploading a video. And it's getter braver as CZcams seems to delete more and more channels it doesn't like for no clear reason, even when they don't breach the terms of service which are deliberately vague.
@@michaelhart7569 Can't let the simple Truth slip out, can they. lol
So what we see is the sudden density change? Intriguing...
"If we were at 100% max humidity"
so Florida then
Or the coast of Central and Northern California during summer.
Outstanding explanation. I've known this for years, but it's refreshing to see it explained so thoroughly and simply. Nicely done, as always. :)
4:05 the shuttle mission in question is STS-70, and at 5:09 light takes a longer path than the electrons, enabling them to take a shortcut and “appear” traveling faster than light.
They are travelling FTL through the medium. In this case water
The ending of this video sounds a lot like "Have you heard that modern science is completely wrong? Come give us money to get the ACTUAL TRUTH!!!""
It's a bit of a teaser to promote Nebula but he's not lying
@@truthwatcher2096 I know, I generally have a lot of respect for their work but teasing with such a misleading statement, that is only true with an added context, and hiding the answer behind a paywall, was too similar to the behavior of clickbait and scammers for me to be silent. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
@@JeremieBPCreation yeah exactly kinda scummy ngl it's very misleading but thanks to the great guys in the comments I learnt what he really meant
This is the difference between googling something with no knowledge and actually being a smart student. Great video!
Not sure I would say that, he just doesn't know where to look to see the Shockwave in all those images. Because you can see the Wake Shockwave in most of those images. It's where the cloud evaporates as pressure and temperature increase across the supersonic flow returns to subsonic flows. The base of the cone is a visible shockwave.
@@WeBeGood06 , cannot the cone appear without the aircraft going supersonic? 🤔
@@konstantin.v The cone appears before Mach 1, it is supersonic flow. The tail of the aircraft flies supersonic before the bow of the aircraft. The cone are the Expansion Fans or Expansion Waves of the Sound Barrier. The top of the cone is the Wake Shockwave. The Nose of the Aircraft is the last part of the aircraft to fly supersonically.
@@WeBeGood06 , thanks! It makes sense. I was just wondering if those cloudlike protuberances can appear without anything going supersonic at all. After all, the plane does alter the pressure around it as it flies even when everything is subsonic 🙂
This has been the most compelling ad for nebula I've seen
For real. I might actually get it now
I totally agreed. I'm going to subscribe.
5:34 "All ads are cut from the nebula version"
Me: *sips tea with adbocker on*
*while watching an ad for nebula
Impeccable timing. I was at an air show today and got to see several of these cones.
I love this channel! If I wasn’t a broke medical student in hundreds of thousands dollars in debt, I’d sign up for nebula in a heart beat! Hopefully in the near future!
nobody cares
@@elena6516 Nobody cares about your comments
@@elena6516 I hope you have a wonderful day!
@AkkiSciChannel The truth is, nobody truly cares about anyone but themselves.
Do you ever have to pay off student loansthe US? In the UK it's very rare anyone pays off any decent amount
Thank you so much for making this. I've had so many arguments with people online about this, and now rather than type out a rebuttal each time, I can just link this video.
As a Guile player I do appreciate you finally clarifying that those are not sonic booms.
*Guile theme intensifies*
Is Guile a video game?
@@jeffbenton6183
No, it's a movie .
@@jeffbenton6183 Guile is a character from the arcade, and later console/PC videogame franchise 'Street Fighter'.
SONICCU BOOM
Not a sonic boom? I guess we'd never know the secrets of Guile of Street Fighter!
Guile’s hair was completely out of Air Force regs too.
@@sircrapalot9954 exactly.haha
A sonic boom will be followed by a condensation cone, but the opposite isn't always true.
You can also check footage of big explosions, where massive shockwaves are created and followed closely by a wall of condensating water droplets
Before this video: "Sonic booms look so cool!"
After this video: "Vapor cones look so cool!"
Interesting to finally learn about these cones, had witnessed them several times in the outskirts of town, who's air space was used as training area by Air force
Cherenkov radiation isn't something new. But just saying that these particles move faster than the speed of light within a medium, does not help in making people understand, that the speed of light within a medium like water, is significantly lower than that within a vacuum (300.000Km/sec)
Isn't the vapor caused by a drop in pressure, rather than a drop in temperature???
Not, the condensation don't happen if you decrease pressure whiteout a decrease in temperature, but a sudden decrease in pressure reduce the temperature too.
@@theOrionsarms ahhh. So the reduced pressure causes reduced temperature, which causes the condensation, is that right?
@@joshsvoss this is the correct explanation.
I love your all videos and and your Space and Energy Playlists
4:58 made me laugh more than it should’ve. I had both eyebrows raised when you said that 😂
For some reason, the first image that came to me when I saw this was a lab, sitting at my side, patiently watching the video with me. And periodically raising an eye brow.
So happy for this video. I’ve known all along it’s not a sonic boom, but it is such a “common knowledge”.
One thing! Just one thing! Please tell IT to me: WHY tf do I have so many fans even though no CZcamsr is unprettier than I am? WORLDWIDE!!!! WHY??? Tell me, dear dav
I honestly love hour long videos and when they are good, they're a gem when I find a good one on CZcams!
Sadly, that is not really the point. Of course it's great that you love videos like that. I do too.
But from a creator perspective it is just so much more effort to create a video, just for CZcams to not really suggest it to viewers.
In the end it's literally more effort for less of a reward (less views), so it really does not make sense for creators.
@@marvihaemmer99 yeah I fully understand stand
It can be seen on the wing tips of F-1 cars when racing on tracks such as Spa-Francorchamps. Amazing video Brian. As always an awesome job. Greetings from a Brazilian subscriber.
Not really at all comparable to a jet traveling in a straight line forming these particular type of cones that absolutely ARE formed from air moving at transonic speeds. It happens when you have large pressure differentials from air traveling at very high speeds, like on the backside/end plates of an F1 wing, or behind a transonic shockwave forming around leading edges of a fighter jet. It can happen subsonic but doesn’t mean it doesn’t also happen with transonic air. Saying this cone isn’t ever visualizing a transonic shockwave is a dumb semantics argument. Which engineers love to make all the time.
"Many of you will be looking at the screen with a raised eyebrow" more like a confused squinting face but yes 😂😂
“15 minute is too long for CZcams algorithms” says no one with a successful CZcams channel.
I agree that "the algorithm" is a shitty excuse, but ya gotta wonder how much money are they making from nebula then? It has to be worth their time to make longer videos exclusively for that platform.
Ironically it just turns me away from Nebula / CuriosityStream more and more when content creators cut their videos short so that they can have an extended cut on another platform I hardly had any interest in to begin with. Doesn't help that said content creators constantly shill the same few services (Skillshare, Nebula etc.) to the point where even hearing their name can be annoying.
Yeah, it just annoys me when creators cut big parts of their videos to make Nebula versions better - especially when they then spend the time talking about Nebula 🙄
What he said was 1hour is too long for the CZcams algorithm so it will be broken up into segments
Literally split it into 15 minute segments and upload them once a week until the series is finished.
"But it's 52 minutes, not 60".
Perfect! You have 8 minutes to place ads.
Thank you! I would ask how sound waves could have a visual manifestation like that and was always told I was wrong.
Just signed up for CuriosityStream and Nebula with you code! Excited to start learning 😁
This is the type of engineering videos I like, thank you for the lovely content!
5:00 what about the shockwaves from a far away explosion? You can see that clearly in videos
Yes, this is what I was also thinking.
What you see is the effect of the shockwave on objects and particles in the air
You should lookup the taylor neumann sedov blast. Especially the pressure distribution. Although the pressure spikes momentarily after the shock, it decreases below the ambient pressure. Resulting in the condensation of vapour
@@JCisHere778 i mean those explosions from myhtbusters or i donno, you can see a clear line in the blue sky travelling away, is that also condensation?
@@MrAlexs888 Maybe it's an effect like a mirage?
Does anyone know the difference between an introverted engineer and an extroverted one? An introverted engineer looks at his shoes when he talks to you. But, an extroverted engineer looks at your shoes when he talks to you.
I knew the basics of how it worked, but the details such as the expansion zone bring light to what otherwise would've remained dark to me. Thanks you.
Man, the stock footage in this video was just stunning. He could have been reading the ingredients in a can of soup and I would have kept watching.
Ayy I love yer vids! When i go to college you will be my first Patreon (fingers crossed)!
Same for me, I hope. I would say students are the most interested in these topics. And it definitely helps us in our STEM subjects. However, we are all mostly broke and unemployed if you think about it.
@@abdulmuhaimintahseen7710 Hey, fingers crossed! We'll make it through buddy!
THANK YOU for teaching me a new thing today !!
Oooo never been happier to be on Nebula, that 787 doc sounds amazing
Dude that open editing was amazing
I'd say the many recommendations Tom Scott got for his copyright video (35min) counters the argument of an 20min video being to long.
The man said 60 minutes is too long, not 20.
i never knew this, Thank you for explaining!
Man this video was too short. Thanks Brian
I saw a great thread on Twitter about this. Now a video by you? Amazing
The video was made because of that thread. Dr. Chris Combs has acted as a consultant for quite a few videos in the channel. He’s great
It’s called Cherenkov radiation. There, I just saved your personal information from being sold.
Nebula needs comments. Half the fun of CZcams is the comment section. I won’t be renewing.
That first transition from the plane flying to the google pic was f*cking cool
I like this short video style! Great explanation
PLEASE DO AN EPISODE ON THE DIFFERENTIAL/ANALYTICAL ENGINE - THE MECHANICAL CALCULATOR
That sounds like it would be interesting. Just like the mechanical ECMs that BMW planes had during ww2
Since the speed of sound depends on pressure, and the sonic shockwave has very high pressure - does this affect each other somehow?
the speed of sound depends purely on temperature, which is proportional to the ratio between pressure and density. Shockwaves always result in an increase in entropy, which can sometimes manifest as an increase in temperature, which can affect the local speed of sound.
I love videos like this. Just changed my previous understanding of the world around me. Thank you!
I'm a bit surprised at there being no mention of the temperature changes being due to the rapid changes from high pressure to low pressure causing the expanding of the gasses in the air
Is it a tempature charge? Or is it because of the pressure difference? Kind like how propeller cavitates in water
It's both. In a gas, temperature, pressure and density are all linked. If you decrease the temp, the pressure must decrease with it, and vice versa. And relative humidity depends on both temp and pressure.
When pressure decreases temperature also goes down
"Electrons travel faster than light" - my reaction: and...? - he didn't say electrons travel faster that the speed of light in a vacuum.
Thank you! I’ve been telling people for years that these hundreds of phots were not all taken “just at the moment when the plane breaks the sound barrier” as captions insist. I kept insisting on water and mentioning ionization chambers, but nobody listens
Hello Real Engineering, I think the video is very well done and I learned something I don't know as an Aerospace Eng. student. What is you background for curiosity, I saw your references and you are able to condense and simplify a lot of complicated info, that's amazing, I would like to that as well.
This 5 minute video taught me more than I learned in the last week.
Then you're learning wrong
@@jackbequick Pov: You look in the mirror: 🤡
Teachers like you teach and do the world good, lesson taught is mostly understood!
Excellent video. I plan to subscribe to Nebula tomorrow when I get home.
Another good example is the Falcon 9 launch from spacex a few months ago, when you can see the water vapor, then a few seconds later you can hear the actual shockwave.
Another amazing video to watch, thanks!
Why does the temperature decrease with a pressure increase?
Other way around, temperature decreases with pressure.
@@polarisbear7468 so does the pressure behind, let's say the aircraft, decrease because at the front of the plane there is a pressure increase so behind it there is a decrease. So with a pressure decrease behind the plane there is also a temperature decrease.
@@polarisbear7468 I've just rewatched the video and have realised that the video is that it is not a shockwave since a shockwave is an increase in pressure. And for some reason I got confused and thought there was an increase in pressure behind the plane. However, it is an expansion fan that is created which leads to the pressure along with the temperature.
It does not, the area behind the pressure increase decreases in pressure, correspondingly decreasing temperature.
Fyi: sound speed of 340 meters per second is 760 mph.
pretty cool video :)
but if I may, this is not vapor. You can never see vapor as it is a transparent gas (aka humidity), although what we see above boiling water and in any other cloud-like types of waters is condensed liquid water due to -as you said- having more than 100% humidity in the local pressure/temperature environnement.
2:06 Are you sure about this? Explosions sometimes have a visible shock wave due to light refracting at the edge of the wave. I always thought that a shock wave from an explosion and from a supersonic object is basically the same phenomenon.
what about seeing a shockwave from an explosion though?
You can still only see it because of light distortion.
2:25 relative humidity not absolutely humidity
Sorry annoying but wrong is wrong 😉
Aint no way you arent realising 60 minute videos, i love to listen to videos like that like they are podcasts, just like Everyday Astronaut
Celtic Cowboys Abu! Only found your videos recently and I Love your content. Super informative! Hope you find some to go for a kick around with the lads!
LMAO at 60 minutes allegedly being too long for the CZcams algorithm when Noah-Caldwell Gervais easily picked up 400k views for his latest 7 and a half *hours* long video 😂 If you make great content and people like watching it, that’s all the algorithm cares about.
This is just a glorified ad for nebula
You can also see the vapour clouds/trails coming off the rear wing of an F1 car :)
Great explanation. Can you now do one correcting the often heard statement that the reason very fast moving objects (vehicles during re-entry as an example) get very hot because of friction as the air passes over them. In fact it's mainly due to compression of the air that can't get out of the way at such speeds that gives rise to the heat.
But compression and expansion themselves cannot cause temperature difference, only viscous friction. Which is, of course, present between the air layers, mainly in the boundary layer, not just on the aircraft surface
@@user-ih9ig9ih8y Daniel, no. Pressure changes associated with compression are directly related to temperature increases. Diesel engines work on exactly this principle.
Read about adiabatic processes....if we compress/expand air it will heat/cool.
This was not a great explanation. He gets the basic idea sort of right, but there is a lot of nonsense in the details. Explaining compressional heating is way beyond him.
Seeing all those "sonic boom" pictures and videos I knew it wasn't a sonic boom and not just because the planes were travelling *WAY* too slow to make one. Thanks for making this video to explain that.
"Cherenkov effect, could happen with minimum radiation."
My favorite example of this is a F1 or other race car on a humid day and a vortex appears coming off the ends of the rear wing.
You can also see this effect on Sprint cars when they are racing in humid air!
A guy i met at the track showed me a few photos he caught of the vapor trail on the wings of the sprint cars !
Condensation cones are not an indicator that these jets are supersonic. They also show up at high transonic speeds. See plenty of Blue Angel pics online; they get cones but never crack Mach 1. Shockwaves are present on the aircraft surface but the aircraft is not moving faster than the speed of sound.
Actually the "cone" shape is supersonic flow, it gets it's shape from expansion waves followed by a shockwave. It really is a Supersonic Cloud and the tail of the Blue Angel's jet will attain supersonic flight before the nose of the aircraft.
Got to love when the first video in nearly two months is 1/3 advertising. 😕
No one has provided me with a better explanation of shockwaves. Amazing!!!
5:10
Electrons traveling faster than light...
in water
5:02 "Eyebrows Definitely Raised" 🤣👏👍🙏🏆
0:09 THIS IS A SHOCKWAVE, it is the Sound Barrier. The first Shockwave Sneaks up from Behind in the Wake of the Aircraft as it pushes into the Sound Barrier. Clouds form in the Expansion Waves in Supersonic Airflow associated with the Sound Barrier. The Clouds remain until it enters the Wake Shockwave at or behind the tail of the Aircraft, where there is an abrupt increase in pressure and temperature causing the Cloud to Evaporate. The Cloud is Evaporating in the Wake Shockwave, which forms before the Bow Shockwave at Mach 1. It will becomes the second Boom of the classic Sonic Boom-Boom of an Aircraft flying at Supersonic Speeds.
Wow, I didn't expect Real Engineering to delve into some particle physics with the Cherenkov radiation! What a pleasant surprise :)
So, it's not a sonic boom shockwave, its... the result of the sonic boom shockwave? That feels only a step removed from saying you're not seeing an object, you're just seeing the photons that reflected off the object.
Good move, now I'm genuinely considering nebula
Very cool 👍 and we'll explained iv always wondered how it worked . Thx for that
I started this day learning something new. Nice!!
Please make a video on, why some of the fighter jets have dual rudders as compaired to the other fighter jets which have only one?
Oh so if I understand it correctly, that condensation doesn't happen at cruising altitude because the air is so dry up there, from being really cold?
It is. Best place to see this condensation is often at takeoff when the AOA is high enough and in the right weather.
Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
Great explanation, I finally understand sound barrier.
There's an awesome pic of a vapor cone forming on one of the Apollo Saturn V rockets shortly after launch. By the way, Cerenkov radiation is emitted whenever a charged particle like an electron undergoes acceleration ... not just speeding up or slowing down when going in straight line but also when moving along a curved trajectory, even if its speed is constant. Any variation of the direction of a particle's vector is an acceleration.
Why does that triangular vapor fan always occur when the aircraft fly a specific speed and when the vapor fan move from nose tip to tail there is always that boom as loud as a bomb explosion?
Excellent work Brian, as an FYI I I hav deen sme pictures on line of thrust ssc on the flat swith what looks like an opaque bubble area just in front of the car, could this be the formation of the shock cone at sa level? Kindest regards mickT
Yey learned something new today. Thanks for great vids.
awesome presentation and easy to digest.