Exposing OceanGate Submarines Many Fatal Designs
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- čas přidán 2. 06. 2024
- The recent coverage of the Titan submersible has spoken a lot about the possible ways the vessel could have failed, but how did it actually work?
This video explores many of the systems onboard, from the controls and communications systems, to the propulsion and safety. Will deep sea exploration continue to be a tourist location? Or will this change the direction of the sector? Either way, I hope you learn something from this video!
Due to it being very late in the UK as I upload, I will sort the references more neatly tomorrow!
Sources:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean...
patents.google.com/patent/US1...
int.nyt.com/data/documenttool...
www.popularmechanics.com/mili...
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/arti...
#OceanGate #Titan #Explained - Věda a technologie
Thanks for watching and sharing so many insightful comments! I will try and summarise points I see here for those interested (please reply to this comment with more details you have!) :
- The carbon fibre was laid in one direction for the Titan, not a four axis weave pattern, which is much stronger
- Carbon fibre hulls are better understood for single use applications
- Other carbon pressure vessels (e.g. hydrogen tanks) have high pressure inside, instead of outside. This plays to the tensile strengths of carbon fibre, instead of relying on the compressive strength.
- Although game controllers are used in the military, this is never for complete control of a manned vehicle (though they are often used for life-critical missions, such as bomb disposal). The game controller being wireless was also an added failure mode, however there may have been control available through other methods, such as the touch screens, if needed.
- There was an inertial navigation system on the Titan, but this did not guide them toward the Titanic wreckage or give details on their surroundings. They were still reliant on the mothership for directions!
Titanic Submarine Mission V, James Cameron, Avatar: The Way of Water, The Abyss & Greek Sea Gods...
Come this way...
😊😊😊
Physics beat you to this topic.
@@JeremyRobertWalker
ESG scores are to die for.
@@JeremyRobertWalker NASA is Woke, cant even fly a paper airplane
The sub was CRACKLING every time it went down. Like carbon fiber popcorn. That is the sound of carbon fiber delaminating. When a passenger asked Stockton Rush about it, he said, "Don't worry about it, the carbon fiber is five inches thick."
Some engineers have said that this was a 'one and done' sub. That the five-inch-thick carbon fiber was too thick to reliably see every delamination in it so the tube should have been replaced after every dive.
Something only James Cameron has noted, is the bizarre way the carbon fiber was laid on the tube mold to create the tube center of the sub. The carbon fiber was laid in one direction, overlapped to the piece next to it. That is a one axis contact area. The dominant carbon fiber laying process in all of the carbon fiber industry is a FOUR axis WEAVE pattern. Stockton Rush made himself a carbon fiber coffin and bolted himself and four Innocent people in it.
All that crackling noise each time should have been a red flag and should be tested.
Belize central america I'm from and i agree totally !! You're a smart person and respect
...and it wasn't a very good coffin, either.
ALL SUBMARINES MAKE CRACKING NOISE, LOUDER THE BETTER
@@meganruchwatercolors7186 i think its clear that Rush was money hungry and didn't want to pay for any kind of testing or go through any certification. he flew across the country to meet with a father n son (who turned him down) about paying for the trip to titanic. that's how the Indian father n son got the "seats" as they were second on some list apparently. someone pointed out each trip should cost upwards of 1 million usd per person if all testing and certifications were performed as advised. i've read to test carbon fiber it basically destroys the product so there isn't a non destructive method for a tube like this.
There is a reason why submarines are overengineered and therefore costs billions to make.
Also known as well-engineered.
@@richardpowell1425yep, never known anything to be overengineered. I don’t think that’s even possible tbh.
I still want to know how much money these people made because it seems to me like this was done on purpose.
@@andyramirez5436 yes...the ceo of the company put himself in the sub and imploded it on purpose. grow some brains. They just cut corners.
@@cevsunkist😊, your funny.
the CEO literally said that safety is needlessly prioritized over innovation and then he proceeded to innovate himself and others to death
I'm not surprised it imploded. I'm surprised it lasted as long as it did for as many dives as it had without imploding up until the point where it did. It clearly was not built to withstand that pressure and stress.
Ohh ur a scientist?
@@thefraudsniffer5485It’s common sense to know when something is poorly designed and engineered
@@thefraudsniffer5485i don't think you need to be a scientist to know something only rated for 1,300 meters shouldn't be repeatedly going to 4,000 meters with people inside.
Maybe it bumped into something and slightly deformed the hull causing the structure to no longer be capable of supporting the pressure. It is odd that it survived other dives. Maybe fatigue too
@@juliogonzo2718 It didn't. Theye were still descending.
The two most terrifying words in aviation are "homebuilt helicopter" and the two scariest words in marine engineering are "uncertified submersible".
And yet their careers are built on the backs of risk-takers like the Wright Brothers and Jacques Cousteau. They operated outside the boundaries and limits of their times. I’m no Stockton, Cousteau, or Wright, but I appreciate their willingness to push boundaries. I could name others whose original inventions and discoveries caused quite a bit of death but we still credit them for their industriousness such as Marie Curie and Thomas Edison…
I always thought it was "what is that mountain goat doing up here in this cloud bank"
@@rw7567you say risk takers I say cheap scammers.
@@rw7567I wouldn’t put Stockton in the same breath as the other two. He wasn’t doing something new or inventive, he was cutting corners to make a profit. Now he and some clients are dead.
ooh! you've just given me a great idea what to do with my 2 x old lawnmowers I have just sitting in my garage! 😀
As my grandfather told me when teaching me how to do basic maintenance on my car, “Whenever you’re dependent on something to keep you alive, take good care of it and don’t be a cheap ass”.
Thanks for the wise words Pops RIP
Which is why the gamepad controller was a stupid decision. Steer a robot sure but why on Earth did they think it was acceptable to depend their life on it. Luckily Karma handled CEO.
@@FatalFist It's common practice to use gaming pads. Likely the QC is and therefore reliability is much higher on mass produced pads that have been properly stress-tested for millions of button presses and stick moves
Wise words indeed!
@FatalFist Hubris is usually punished in such ways.
@@josephwoolley685 As a gamer, I'm fully aware of the versatility a gamepad can deliver. But the issue is, I would never put my life on the line with one. This is why controllers in the military are far from where they are steering their drones. If the drone is shot down, no loss of life.
Whoever designed this submarine and thought it was safe must be under a lot of pressure after this
Well said.
Funny but the fact of the matter is one of the main engineers spoke out but was hit with lawsuits
Briefly.
pressure... hah
😂😂
Watching this inspires me to build my own submarine. I think I shall make the hull out of paper mache spray painted with Flex Seal & steer it with an old bicycle handlebar. As for the portholes I think a couple of glass block windows from Home Depot should suffice. Wish me luck!
Good luck bro, R.I.P.
just be sure to use some quality sealant in between the glass blocks as cement may fail on you safety first
😂😭😂😭
@@rq4740😂😂😭
I think it will work at a depth of up to ten meters.
It was a backyard project. An expensive one, but still basically a backyard job.
Made from things that came from Home Depot and Hobby Lobby. 🤷♀️
@@sunnyscott4876 Made from a lot of wishful thinking and hubris.
A backyard job that cost four naive people's lives.😞
Basically...... a backyard job. Nice one.
My gradfather used to tell me "Lo barato sale caro" which translated means, "cheap things are expensive." A very accurate (and tragic) oxymoron when applied to this situation.
Ahaha my mother says the same thing to my stepfather all the time 😂 And i always remember it when I going to spend money.
your GrandFather had a excellent point...im gnna have to repeat that as it sums it perfectly
I thought ur profile pic was the Animals album cover
Heard the same growing up, it's very true. "Cheap things end up expensive", it's ok to be a little frugal but certain things you just don't cheap out on or it ends up costing you...
cheap ends up expensive...
sounds better in spanish anyway
I just noticed in a photo of Stockton Rush (CEO of OceanGate) sitting in the Titan sub. What caught my eye is that one of the bracket for mounting the digital display unit looks to be screwed into the expired carbon fibber hull. If I was 6000 lbs per square inch that’s where I’d go to test the integrity of that sub.
R.I.P. to all those who lost their lives.
Military-grade "controllers" are quite different from what was used on the Titan.
Also, if your drone stops working, then you've just lost a drone. If your submersible stops working, you've just lost 5 lives.
Yep. A few years ago, i've been inside the cockpit of two fighter jets on a show, pressed some buttons, "fired" some rockets... :p
If my mouse, keyboard or controller would be the same "quality", than this is something you buy once in your life...its not a different league, its not even the same sport.
Also there is a difference between using a kinect system for testing your self-driving car as a student or a fucking gameboy to steer an unlicensed vehicle in one of the most lethal and extreme enviroments a human can be...doesnt speak for sanity...
Also the controller was wireless, WTF?!?!?!?!
Nah lmao they're not. Some modern attack submarines literally use an Xbox 360 controller (albeit wired)
@@eldrago19 what an retarded comparision, drone is unmanned aircraft, compare it with airplane engines shutting down and what, u lost over 300 lives but people are flying everyday.
@@CrystalMethEnjoyerthe xbox 360 controller is already one of the best controller ever made, why developing something new when you already have something engineered and tested by millions of people
But I guess those controller are the controllers with the most maintenance happening to them on a daily basis lmao
Everything about this vessel seemed like a death trap. It's crazy that the owner bragged about cutting corners and avoiding regulations and certification.
😂because he is an arrogant rich white dude you have never worked for one like this?
The most bizarre thing is that one of the passengers Hamish Harding had actually been to the deepest point in the ocean (11000m) in Triton Submersibles 'Limiting Factor' which cost $37million. The video is on youtube. Limiting Factor is a titanium sphere crew compartment. I don't understand how he did that with such a professional team and hi-tech vehicle, and then went in Titan.
Just being locked in with no way of opening the hatch was ludicrous.
Because government regulation and certification requirements interfere with "freedom" and "innovation.." Not to mention "profits."
What's crazy is how these people bought his sales pitch without doing any basic research. An hour on Google would've given them all the info they needed.
Another father and son team declined to go when they stopped to consider FACTS and discovered how insane - and almost guaranteed to fail - this mission was.
It's CRAZY that four Rich IDIOTS WHO KNEW THE RISKS AND SIGNED PAPERWORK WITH DEATH MENTIONED NUMEROUS TIMES BUT STILL WENT
Worked as an aerospace materials and composites engineer for some time. From what I've heard it was filament wound and then unidirectional layup on top done by hand...which is an odd design choice. The other issue I don't hear about is the fact that composites under compression don't have nearly the benefit they do in tension or even shear. In compression you're highly dependent on your matrix (resins) not the reinforcement (carbon fiber). In some design choices this is acceptable and accounted for. For a tube under this kind of pressure...it's a MAJOR design challenge.
For example, say you take a strip of dried super glue (matrix) and try pulling it. By itself it isn't very strong and likely brittle. Now take that super glue (matrix) and soak a strip of fabric (reinforcement) and the two work together. By itself the fabric is very limp, but now glued it has the stiffness and acts as a reinforcement to the super glue and will be relatively strong if you try to pull it (tension). Now take that same glued fabric and squish it lengthwise (compression), the fabric contributes very little to the strength of this composite and you are now almost entirely dependent on the strength of the glue at this point (aka, your matrix). This is the general principal behind most carbon fiber reinforced polymers.
Intralaminar failure is the separation of the matrix (superglue) and reinforcement (fabric) and can occur for a number of reasons. Generally, it occurs when the stresses exceed the matrix's strength or there is poor bonding between the two. Contamination, voids, expired resin, improperly cured resins, improper cure environments are some of the examples that can lead to poor bonding. Lastly I heard this wasn't bagged or cured in an autoclave. Don't know if this is true but depending on the composite used, manufacturers specify if it requires just bagging, oven cured or needs to be cured in an autoclave.
Generally speaking, out of autoclave curing is less superior to autoclaved cured. The autoclave is essentially an oven that pulls vacuum. As it pulls vacuum it forces air out of the resin and the resin is much more evenly distributed within the fabric. In other words, better bond...better strength. Given the size of the Oceangate cylinder I have my doubts it was cured in an autoclave given there aren't many autoclaves in the world that size open to just anyone and running one that size is not cheap. That’s not to say it’s wrong, design would just need to account for that in their margins. Also I'd like to know how rigorous their build process was. How clean was their environment? How accurately were things laid down? Temperature? Humidity? These all contribute to proper curing and bonding.
Filament winding is used in modern aircraft and tanks where the reinforcement is under TENSION. For aircraft, atmospheric pressure decreases as you increase altitude which means the cabin is applying a pressure from the inside. This means that the carbon fiber (reinforcement) is actually under tension. Carbon fiber (reinforcement) has the benefit of supporting the matrix in this case. Similarly, filament wound air tanks can hold thousands of PSI easily and commonly used in scuba/firefighter air tanks. In the case of a sub, the pressure is applied from the outside of the tank and the reinforcement is in COMPRESSION. Think of a net shaped like a balloon wrapped around the balloon. As the balloon expands, that net supports it and the fabric of the net is under tension. Opposite to this, if the balloon were placed in a vacuum, the balloon would shrink as their is now pressure on the outside of this. The net does nothing to support it.
With thick composite layups like this submersible, it can be very difficult to find these intralaminar cracks with non-destructive inspection. The appropriate testing method would require some type of fatigue testing that structural engineering determines the structure will face in its environment and is representative of the expected lifespan. After this testing, destructive inspection will then be done of the structure. I'd want to chop up sections of the cylinder, resin mount/polish them and inspect under a microscope at various locations to inspect the layup, especially higher stress locations determined in analysis. Voids in a matrix are generally accounted for in a design’s safety margin, but they are not and should not be designed with the expectation that intralaminar failure occurs.
At bare minimum if full scale testing and destructive inspection isn't possible, I'd want coupon (small representative pieces) testing with the same layup process done for fatigue testing and static testing in compression also followed by inspections.
I've heard that material was possibly purchased expired from Boeing. This is more than likely prepreg. Prepreg is essentially the reinforcement (carbon fiber) already soaked in the resin(matrix) just not yet cured from the manufacturer. They're generally stored in freezers to slow the curing process and have a shelf life the manufacturer determines as the cold temps only slow, not stop, the curing (crosslinking). After the shelf life has passed, it's possible you won't have a composite that meets the manufacturers strength specifications. Manufacturers of these materials are sometimes conservative with their dates. Shelf life extension is possible if coupons are made and destructive testing is performed to validate the material is still good even past the manufacturer’s date. Not heard anything anywhere if this was done.
There are other variables that are also not brought up. Salt water and UV can be detrimental to many composites. I have my doubts testing on this was done. The other concern I'd have is handling of the sub. Damage caused by impact can be invisible on the outside of many composites. If this was bumped in transport there's a possibility of unseen damage. Metals generally yield and have visual indications of impact.
Why they chose to use composites instead of steel or even titanium, is odd to me. It doesn't make sense...weight savings isn't all that critical for a submarine/submersible. To properly design a composite tube to take those kinds of compressive loads is extremely expensive given the time to design, test, and build a reliable process. With steel or titanium for example, material strength is readily validated with simple testing and easily designed for. There are plenty of designs out there that are also time tested. It would be significantly cheaper and easier to do structural analysis on a steel tube with certified and tested material. All said, it's hard to say the composite structure was even the culprit, it could have been the other parts of the structure that resulted in it's failure. Either way, sounds like marketing/executive decisions drove design instead of engineering.
You shouldve worked there, but probably youre a close to 50 year old white male and therefore not diverse enough for the once CEO
Thanks for the in-depth information. This got me thinking, would concrete be at all suitable for a low-budget submersible? The compressive strength is high.
Wow...a complete lesson in carbon fiber. Thanks!
It's mind boggling that the shell even survived the first few dives...I can't just believe that pure plastics could withstand that kind of pressure.
Maybe carbon fibers did work in some way? Resin shouldn't be the only thing kept it together
Very comprehensive analysis….I agree….Resins/composites are a brittle form with little resilience to repeat flexure….Metals are much better in scope…. My opinion….Geometry of the composite form is much more important because of flexure concerns….Flat surfaces are very weak,wonder the strength if it were cast as an ellipse or “egg” geometry?….The cylindrical tube shape a no go for sure,a round sphere would have been much stronger…..
@5:55 the narrator mentions that using wireless controllers is quite common in military applications. Let me add much needed context here. Yes, the military (I served 20 years) uses wireless controllers, but never to control aircraft, land vehicles, nor submersibles that have humans as a payload. It's one thing to control a small drone (like the type an infantry squad may carry), or an EOD robot with such a control, but quite another to try and control a helicopter carrying 16 people, or a submersible carrying 5 with a wireless off-the-shelf (and later modified) game controller. As for the Virginia Class submarine, the only thing that the controller they have implemented is used to control is the optical sensor system (a two-photonics mast) used to see outside, not the actual operation of the submarine.
Thanks for your serve🫡❤️
to me, seeing that the end-domes and the titanium rings were recovered quite intact, and also noticing that the acrylic window was blown out inclusive the retaining titanium ring that held that window in its place and its bolts, that tells the story all to well. The carbon fibre part of the vessel crushed in on itself and then the air inside this compartment blew out the acrylic window from the inside out like a champagne cork. All that with such a force that it even dismounted the retaining titanium ring and the bolts holding it. What I really can`t get my head around is, that they did just parallel layers of the carbon fibre and not criss-crossed them. Most likely this wouldn`t be strong enough either, but it for sure would have increased the amount of pressure the hull would have been able to take by a lot.
All I can say is that I have seen fishing rods and bicycles made better than this thingy.
the problem was likely not just the pressure. it was the fact this submarine had done a few dives and the carbon fibre had taken damage due to the pressure and the changes in pressure on previous dives.
I am an ex laminator who worked with carbon fibre for motor sport, aviation and oil industries. The process of the bonding of the hull to the Titanium caps looks extremely questionable. In the videos I have seen the were hand mixing adhesive in buckets, applying with plastic scrapers in an environment that was not dust or dirt free. Frankly I am shocked it went as deep as it did. Maybe methods have changed but it is not an assembly environment I am familiar with.
Was thinking the same, no vacuum bagging, no dust free sterile lay up, no cross "X" lay up just one direction, materials that fight eachother and will never bond, FFS this was a disaster waiting to happen....
Jeez that’s bad. I know surfboard glassers who are more careful than that.
@@gatesurfer Bro I probably spent more time in my yard filing in scuffs on my board than Stockton ever did with his sub.
See that is something that always bothered me. I don’t work with making composites, most I do are use frp supports but I do know plastic pipes and welding, and even with pvc gluing, dirt and dust and environment can make you have a joint fail, and they are gluing it together in a big non environmental control led wear-house, by hand, without and other controls or help. Im honestly shocked it didn’t leak or fail there in that joint.
I ride a carbon fiber bicycle and it is even concerning to me how the derailleur hangers, headset bearings, bottom bracket, seatpost, and other alloy parts mate and interface with the polymer monocoque frame. This guy Rush got himself and those others killed because of his hard headed narcissistic mental state.
First, the CEO bought the carbon fiber from Boeing at a discount because they said it was at the end of its shelf life. Secondly, the tubular shape cannot hold up for long under that water pressure 12,500 feet below. He also built the submersible with off-the-shelf materials cheaply and did not get it certified. The carbon fiber probably weakened after several dives and suffered fatigue. Some experts had said it was unsafe, but the CEO and pilot disregarded safety warnings
Well ,they won't be disregarding any more safety warnings .
@@BobbyT-yj1cwit imploded mate, all five men are liquid now
@BobbyT-yj1cw no. The debris field has been found, and small bits and pieces of the internal pressure chamber have been found among the debris. They are gone, and they never even felt pain/knew what was going on. implosion happened so fast that their brain literally didn't have the opportunity to send signals and prosses the situation.
"CEO and pilot disregarded safety warnings" - Yes, just like the captain of Titanic did, people never learns...
@@BobbyT-yj1cwbro what 😭
The criticism on the game controller wasn't on that it existed, it was on the specific model he was using. It apparently had a reputation for bad connectivity
haha
Yes, game controllers have been used even on many billion dollar equipment too so that part is not so weird to me. But they should have used a wired xbox or Playstation controller instead. Those are proven to be quite stable and handles harsh use etc. That is why many use them for so many things. They are perfect for alot of things. But the Logitech controller is not nearly as good.
The problem is also that every piece of equipment on a sub needs to be 100% certified to not be a spark hazard under any circumstance
@@madeliner1682 Yes, most logical people understand that but his (and my) comment was specificly about the controller...
What the fuck are you on about? No respectable, certified deep-submergence vehicle would EVER use a fucking game controller to control its movement.
5:50 Most of the complaints about the use of the game controller for the submersible wasn't actually about the use of a controller as a concept; It was more about their selection of a significantly substandard controller from a 3rd party manufacturer. Most organizations that make use of controllers for these kinds of applications usually use 1st party hardware because of its high reliability, and ease of replacement. It is well documented that the specific model of Logitech Xbox controller that was showcased in the interview had known reliability problems. This raised concerns because it showcased that OceanGate were completely willing to use substandard parts for vital functions on their submersibles.
That is also incorrect. It's the fire hazard caused by it not being purpose built. It essentially had to be made and tested and proven to not cause sparks.
First party controllers are also not safe. The navy uses them in normal air, not pure oxygen, and theirs are usually modified.
The controller is not the issue here. It baffles me that people keep leaning on the controller as if it is the problem here. No, it is not.
what is a "first party" game controller
Yeah, this 'content creator' clearly didn't understand the issues with the controller.
@@tsm688exactly. that term has no meaning in this context.
Nothing tragic about a CEO who didn't listen to his own maintenance people and fired them when they brought up huge concerns. One was the hull was supposed to be 7 inches but came from the manufacturer at only 5 inches, second was the suggestion to use an outside company to do NDT to check for cracks and fatigue, third was the window wasn't rated to endure pressure at that depth. It could endure 1300 meters depth not 4,000+ that the titanic was at.
The only one I feel bad for is the 19 year old who was scared and didn't want to go but because it was father's day and his dad poking fun at him he went.
The Titanic is a tomb for 1500 people who lost their lives. Not a tourist attraction for rich bored billionaires and CEO's who give the middle finger to safety just to make money.
facts
he got what he deserved
This is tragic proof just because people have money doesn't mean they have common sense! 🙄 Very sad a fifteen-year-old was forced to die over someone else's bucket list 😓
@@fubarlife7776 18*
But yea
@@fubarlife7776 the father failed to protect him. he's not thinking safety for his son :( poor kid
Comparing a Logitech gaming remote to a remote used by military is like comparing the model T to a Tesla. Military equipment are tested in all conditions to ensure they properly work
And has cradle to grave monitoring from inception to storage, delivery, etc. All parts.
The Model T was better built than the Tesla.....try a better analogy, perhaps
@@unwoke1652 you are a dumba$$. The model T was built on an assembly line with little quality control.
Subs use Xbox.
@@ebolawarrior451 not off the shelf and definitely not for controlling movement
The most clear and comprehensive video on this topic I've seen to date.
I'm not a scientist or engineer, in fact I am terrible at maths and physics, but words like "experimental", "unapproved", "uncertified" and "unregulated" scare the 💩 out of me. I'm just glad that the end was quick, the only silver lining that I can find in this disaster.
Huge respect to the safety conscious scientists, engineers etc all over the globe who bring us exciting new information about the world we live in. Thank you for your efforts. ❤
I know enough about science and math that when guys without degrees start saying "experimental" you get away, quickly.
best comment ever!
@@BobbyT-yj1cw Which part of my statement makes that claim, Bobby?
Well there is a golden line awell. The Neglegent CEO was on that trip aswell. I wish every catastrophic event caused by neglegence had the ceo of the company responsible on board.
Of course I wish even more catastrophic events due to neglegence could be avoided altogether.
@@BobbyT-yj1cw "Don't trust idiots" is what I said. Can you explain how that's a "bad take"?
The failure of the dead man's switch (ballast drop) to operate within 10 hours must have made the rescuers very suspicious that a catastrophic event had happened. It's a shame this wasn't mentioned on day 2 in the media.
@andrewdavidson4595, That's because the media are generally a bunch of imbeciles that do nothing more than jog in place when something like this occurs waiting for the next factoid that they can exaggerate to their audiences standing by at their TV's. And, the ballast drop didn't fail to operate, the pressure vessel imploded negating the emergency surfaces systems entirely, but yes, when the vessel didn't surface, I surmise the operations team suspected the vessel had undergone a major anomaly.
I think they were crushed before it ever came to that
They knew it imploded less than 2 hours after it launched. The media just drug it out and acted like they were maybe still alive, the entire "we heard a noise, it was banging" was just BS. They said the Navy picked up the implosion with their SONUS Array of underwater mics 1 hour and 45 mins after launch.
Was it set to implode in this 3rd trip?
@@DigiByteMeYes, that's the point: the fact that the Titan didn't resurface by itself after 10 hours should have made it obvious that it already imploded and that there was no one to rescue.
I’ve read the last messages and the submarine’s last message was “Bus one failed, generating power at bus two instead.” After that no updates came, meaning that they likely also got a blackout since I think the communication stopped after all the electrical busses failed.
I worked in maintenance in a school district for 20 years, and hearing about that safety guy getting fired for making a fuss about safety issues about that sub gained my sympathy.
It’s so hard getting it through a manager’s head about safety issues when they want something done. And they don’t care, as long as they get what they want.
Yep. My dad pointed out a fire hazard at an oil services company in Prudhoe Bay who hired him for an unrelated project. They ignored him, a few months later there was a catastrophic fire. No one was hurt, and they hired him to replace the buildings.
Nonsense. I was a senior manager in a safety critical industry and safety was aways my number one concern as with all of my staff and any responsible manager. Your generalization is wrong on so many levels, so don't tar all managers with your broad brush ignorant statements.
@bobg1069 thats not broad or ignorant. Just because you practiced safety doesn't mean someone else did. Many industrial accidents occur at the expense of staff life because of corporate greed and upper management indifference.
@@bobg1069you were hired in a menagerial position or did you menage your own company?
You're a bit delicate there@@bobg1069& that there in of itself is a huge safety concern!
Wow! That letter at 3:24 from the Marine Technology Society shows that even back in 2018 many people in the industry knew the way this was going. This tragedy was foreseen.
Stockton knew what he was doing . He knows exactly what he want
"inb4 this jackass gets someone killed and makes our industry look really bad"
….planned.
Unfortunately the CEO didn't live long enough to regret his mistake
Terrifying that the sued & slandered him into silence. So he couldn’t report them.
It was incredible that it went down many dives successfully before
7 times
It has used all its lucks
I think one thing that should be explored is the interface between the metal and carbon. The two materials are VERY different and act compleatly different when exposed to various physical elements. Even the shrink/expansion from heat can be wildly different. Its something Boeing and Airbus have been dealing with composite aircraft for years and is considered a closely guarded secret just due to its value. Even they have problems and a batch of 787's had to be recalled and fixed due to one of these bonds between the wing and body separating due to different stresses.
Boeing Employees : 🙈🙊🙉🐵
Carbon fatigue is an issue
@@Trusty_Steed Actually - it is not, if the maximum strain does not exceed (give or take) about 3000 microstrains.
@@les8489 actually as we can see from the outcome - it IS
@@strammerdetlef We do not know what we have seen yet - apart from the fact that the sub was destroyed. And composite is pretty much insensitive to fatigue - if it works below 3000 microstrain. I have data for this. If you have data which would contradict what I said - please direct me. Never too late to learn - even after 40 years in composite engineering and analysis.
I love how you usually add "-gate" to the end of something to imply scandal (like Watergate or deflate-gate), and they went and named THEMSELVES OceanGate...
They should have named it "Death Gate"
Cults also use gate in their names. e.g. Heaven's Gate
ironic
I thought the same when I first heard the name
@@jajanesaddictions Wow had not thought about that, maybe death is related to the naming of it
Fun fact: that railway tanker is imploding under a one atmosphere pressure differential, the Titan would have experienced around three hundred and eighty atmospheres of pressure differential. 😬
It was under vacuum.
And also it was made of a ductile material that bent. Carbon fiber is brittle and just shatters. Glass would be a better comparison.
@@phunkyjunkeeMakes no difference, the physics are exactly the same as going deep under the ocean.
There's nothing fun about that fact.
“But what about body recovery?” 🤦♂ facepalm every time I hear someone ask that. Can’t recover meat soup from the bottom of the ocean.
The Trieste was an Italian-built bathyscaphe (immersion sphere built in stainless steel at the Terni steelworks with a thickness of 12.6 cm and porthole in truncated cone quartz made at the Galileo workshops in Florence), designed in Switzerland, seen and entered into service in the United States Navy from 1958 to 1971.
On January 23, 1960 he descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench achieving the human record for depth below sea level, 10,916 meters with human crew, equaled only 52 years later when the Canadian director James Cameron made the solo descent aboard the bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger. Two other boats, unmanned, had reached the same depth in the meantime, the Japanese Kaiko between 1995 and 1998 and the US Nereus in 2009.
Decommissioned in 1966, the Trieste is exhibited at the Naval Museum in Washington.
Stockton Rush could have come to ITALY to ask how to build a boat designed for extreme marine depths !!!!!!!!
Bravissimo!
That seems like one cool submarine
Yeah, but that isn't "innovative". I'd much rather be turned into human toothpaste in 1/1000th of a second.
Thanks..Excellent explanation. Titan late CEO Rush has worked in aviation. Later had done a Degree in Aeronautical from a private campus, not Goverment/ State University. He had less fundamental knowledge on Fluid mechanics. He designed the Titan hull similar to aviation where fluid is Air. In ocean fluid is salt water with much density & water pressure at above 2500-3900 meters depth. Basic design fault of hull etc..
Stockton Rush couldn't afford rolls of interwoven carbon fiber material, so he skipped the interweaving process of making the material and took the raw strands of carbon fiber and wrapped it around the pressure cylinder like a spool of thread , adding epoxy. Cross- interweaving the fibers is the most important process to achieve strength, similar to cross-interweaving threads to make a piece of fabric. It's in the video of him during the manufacturing process.
yikes!
Even worse is it would have been even easier and probably cheaper to just cast a 5 inch thick solid steel tank + cast a lid for it. Like every other sub ever. And done! They could have gone to the deepest known point in the ocean with that if they wanted to and it would never fail even after thousnds of dives. Sometimes conventional materials are better and this is one of those things
exactly. also u could see many air bubbles enclosed in the carbon hull in a video, horrible standards.
@@darrylpioch2055 im not sure that it would have been cheaper with the right high quality steel, as far as I think that rush guy was cutting cost corners everywhere I would bet that carbon method was cheaper than steel overall
I think the pressure cylinder you mention was merely a mold to wrap it around, then removed once the carbon fiber was cured. See the ends of said mould, thos eends don't exist with the drawing of hoe the tube was glued into the titanium end caps so it must've been a mould to wrap the carbon fiber, which sounds even more insane.
The sensors for the carbon-fiber is just tricking you into thinking you're safe. As James Cameron said that if you need sensors to know that the hull is breaking, there's something seriously wrong with your design
they're the type of thing that would be useful if you're close to the surface, and have an escape hatch. Knowing the hull is about to crumple isn't much use when you're that deep. No chance of getting back to shallow water in time.
@@jimbobeireNo chance of doing anything as they were bolted into the sub from outside
Im sure the system detected a anomaly somewhere in the 65 milliseconds it took for the implosion to occur
@@jimbobeire Carbon-fiber is excellent for many things but i wonder how long the hull would have lasted if they never went that deep
He probably got the warning. Then boom.
Now this is what I call concise, clear and unexcited information, in rather good English! Thank you.
Designed to go as deep as 4,000 meters, but the viewing port was only designed to withstand pressure at 1,300 meters, What more needs to be said about the quality of the design.
Bro, the moment I saw how the carbon fiber hull was weaved into shape and then given a paper-thin metal skin, I was like yeah, no wonder it imploded. That was a bit of a shock to witness the construction of that hull, it's scary.
To be clear, USN Virginia class submarines do not use game controllers to steer the vessels. However, they do use Xbox controllers to operate their periscopes.
interesting info
Xbox controllers are also used to fly military drones.
Xbox controllers are using for flying drones though, some tanks have them in for certain guided missiles. They’re reliable enough and the analogs sensitivity helpful. No point reinventing the wheel when Microsoft/Sony have put so much funding and years of research into perfecting the controllers.
The sun was not killed by a faulty game controller.
wireless?
With respect to that railroad container collapsing, it's a good representation, but at only 1 atmosphere it's nothing close to how catastrophic the implosion of that tiny submersible would've been at that depth.
The vacuum in the container made the differential pressure much higher than 1 atm. But I do agree that it didn't implode as forcibly as that sub did.
@@berto1014A complete vacuum is 0 ATM. Assuming it's outside at sea level the air pushing on in it is 1 ATM. That's a 1 ATM difference.
Every 10 meters of depth is roughly 1 ATM. So at close to 4,000 m that would be roughly 400 ATM outside and 1 ATM inside the submersible. That's huge!
@@PoeticJusticeSC you're right. Not sure why I thought vacuum would be negative pressure lol.
@@berto1014 I think it's human nature as in our normal experience it feels like vacuum's have their own energy that sucks things in, when in fact it is just the atmospheric pressure pushing in.
Thanks for your thorough analysis of the building of the submersible, the safety features and the cutting corners that were taking place.
I am awed by the in-depth information you facilitated for anyone who is not an expert in the field. Thank you for sharing this video! 😊
The acoustic monitoring system is the equivalent of the executioner asking if you are ready as he's throwing the switch.
Or bells on the executioner's arms as he drops the axe on your neck.
💯 Correct
I believe that the 5 poor soul heard the crack but it happens so fast, the titan do not have enough time to surface.
@@p4n23rI heard someone who went on it last year said it made cracking sounds the whole way down but Stockton said “don’t worry there’s 5 inches of carbon fibre”
Dying on a dildo shape sumergible hilarious deaths of the century..
Well, considering what Rush said about safety, I don’t think he truly understood that you can’t just disregard rules… especially when they’re actual calculations and proven to fail.
He literally said “I think I can do this just as safely by breaking the rules”..
This is the most concise video which gave me everything I needed to know about the design. Thanks
Thank you for this excellent analysis and more
Insightful then anything else I’ve watched. I’m looking forward to seeing more of you videos.
There is a huge difference between a game controller controlling the viewing scope on a Virginia class sub and your main sub controls.
There is nothing wrong with having a video game controller as the controller. The issues lie in it 1.) Being Logitech a notoriously bad company and 2.) It being wireless.
Why do people keep harping on about a bloody game controller its totally irrelevant. Any automated equipment uses commercial software and equipment you don’t reinvent your own for each job. A bespoke unit is far more likely to fail, after all these units have been fully tested by 10’s of millions of people
@@johnwarwick4105 false. The bespoke controller would have been tested and certified for being reliable and no fire hazard. An of the shelf game controller is built to a budget and if it fails will not kill anyone, because of this it is not built very reliable and not certified.
You can not trust your life on one.
@@ulrichkalber9039 well if it turns out it was the controller that killed then I will eat my words
@@johnwarwick4105 gaming controllers goes through far less rigorous testing than a controller that is designed to pilot a submersible, no ones asking to reinvent the wheel. There saying it's incredibly irresponsible to use a device that has no where close to enough backup or safety features on it to justify it's use in a vehicle of any kind let alone a craft that is going 4000m underwater.
I swear this is the most overly-complicated murder/suicide the CEO of OceanGate could have concocted.
I agree.
It's almost like he wanted to Die and Sacrifice all the Lives Onboard as Well.
Makes me wonder if this was some kind of Satanic Ritual or Something Like That. 🤔
Right?!
You should stick to cartoons lol.
They sailed off to Epstein’s new island.
@@bobabooey4537 Someone should have told that to Stockton
Fabulous video! Easy to understand & great graphics! Thank you
Excellent commentary and insight on this tragedy. Keep-up the great work.
It was mentioned that the Titan dropped it's weights few seconds before the implosion. So odds are that they started to hear some type of crackling sounds either from the hull or from the glass viewing window. So the operator must likely dropped the weight to immediately surface but it was too late. The unit was already too far damaged and it gave way and imploded.
Gee, thanks.
That’s pure speculation, there’s no way of knowing that
It is TITAN and not Titan
Pay attention to detail -
Learn that ONLY the name of a Living soul is in mixed Case Letters\
You are ignorant of High-Level English and Law
Your knowledge of the English language is at peasant level -
That is what is taught as common Street English at your CORPORATE
GOVERNMENT school - and that is all you know - because you FAILED
to read and educate yourself to a higher level.
So make sure you learn this today
@@Corey-pd3miIt's fact that they dropped their weights to try and resurface. Why else would they try to resurface so quick?
This is what happened:
*crack*
Passenger 1: What was that?
Stockton: _expression of dread, looking toward the ceiling_
Passenger 1: Stockton, what _was that?!_
Sulaiman Dawood: Dad?!..... _begins to cry_
Stockton: Oh my g-
*CRUNCH*
From what I found is that the viewing window was certified for the right depth, but Oceangate came up with it's own window framing that wasn't certified and didn't meet quality standards so the manufacturer of the window only quaranteed 1300 meters of depth.
Also, I read somewhere that on past dives, passengers could hear popping and cracking during the descend. Rush would say that it was fine, but it is now believed the sound was from the carbonfibre delaminating
Only a fool would have gotten in that "submarine".....
This thing is no Alvin...
This is the thing that I find the most annoying when people call Rush an explorer or an innovator or whatever. No, when you're doing something incredibly dangerous where one false move will kill you and everyone with you, you don't get to just shrug at the weird sound inside the hull when the hull itself is delaminating. He obviously was someone who didn't know enough about deep sea exploration or the engineering that goes into it, didn't care to know, and instead just took his chances. Believing that it'll be fine is not an option when you're going to space or the deep sea, this is where real adults have to come in and make sure every single little thing we can foresee has been accounted for.
He took a massive risk either out of ignorance of the dangers or sheer fucking hubris, and he shouldn't be let off the hook in either case.
@@anxietyfox4322Well, we can’t hold him to account, since he, um, left us.
Thats probibly exactly what it was
@@anxietyfox4322 keep him on the hook, if you can find him
this is probably one of the best explanation of the systems on board without being completely biased. Yes we all know they cheaped out and under estimated the ocean, but you were on point with stating that the controller used is similar to other professional uses and the safety systems. being so close to the titanic wreckage, wonder if they actually made it down there to the bottom or just coincidentally ended up right near it.
Carbon Fiber canisters can contain large pressures but are not suited for large external pressure. This must be the fundamental engineering flaw of the Titan.
I just remember when studying aerospace engineering, we had a whole class about how the atmosphere will try to destroy your build both on earth and in space. I would imagine the same kind of class would exist when studying marine engineering, and it seems like any information given was only half listened to.
I don't remember aerospace engineering, since I never took it. I never had a whole class about anything related to it. I wouldn't imagine any kind of marine engineering class, either.
The game controller was totally a risk, especially for fire. Just think that it contains a lithium ion battery inside and has not been designed for or tested in marine environments. The US Navy uses controllers that are wired, according to the pictures, and they were probably tested extensively.
Also, what kind of Air were they breathing? Was it oxygen enriched?
Excellent example of cheap
Everything inside that sub was a fire hazard tbh, didn’t he say the lights were just bought from Camping World?
In all fairness, that logitech controller was probably the best tested, most reliable part of that whole sub.
Still I don't trust that Bluetooth. I'm sticking into wires
This was a very good presentation. Excellent, in fact. Clear, concise, explanations, well-spoken, at a speed that made it a pleasure to listen to and easy to understand. Five stars, without a doubt!
Very nice presentation. Thanks for posting this.
Very interesting! I love this channel
Sadly he'll never know it ended up failing. Just because this thing worked a few times before doesn't mean it was able to handle repeat exposure to such pressure and not come apart.
@@vaultslayer9162is this newly released information? You’re the only one saying this. Ocean gate employee??
@@vaultslayer9162 It was the hull, they found it in pieces all over the ocean floor.
The scary thing is they probably knew - the sub started to ascend before it was lost
@@user-pm2bh9ol8w They did? 😮
That is another new information.
@@vaultslayer9162less than half.
Closer to one third.
You can make a pressure vessel out of carbon fiber, but not a vacuum vessel. It can hold pressure in because the expansion of the vessel puts the fibers under tension, where they're strong. When it's put under external pressure, the fibers are slack and do nothing. The only strength comes from the layers of glue. It's a brittle plastic tube with layers of cloth. Of course it failed.
The two materials are held together by mechanical bonding between their surface irregularities, and when the material expands and contracts, the layers will slip past each other and delaminate. The unsupported layers of glue will then crack. This thing was disintegrating every time it went down.
This comment has taught me more about carbon fiber than Stockton evidently knew. Thanks for the info, I'm off to build a sub! (JOKING)
@@cecilkeith1951 I am sure Stockton was told this countless times by engineers who understand composites. It is a fundamental of carbon fiber.
@@cecilkeith1951i doubt you would build a sub worse than his LOL
But "Carbon Fiber" sounds COOL and High Tech!!!
It was even more Stupid that the vessel wasn't spherical, at least START with the strongest shape.
@@lukewalker1051Stockton knew, or else he wouldn't have built those sensors into the hull.
He was cheap and hoped to cheat physics. His choice, whatever.
But taking others down with him (literally) without making them fully aware of the danger is unforgivable.
The best educational video so far is this one, thank you!
Excellent presentation - very clear - thanks
The best technical explanation of the Titan I have seen … I’m not an engineer, but I understood everything you described … thank you … well done young man.
They also didn’t use cross fibers. That was insane. This thing probably split along the fibers like a pack of crackers.
like a pack of crackers? shredded wheat maybe?
Prob those orange crackers when we were kids....I concur
its funny how us "non engineers" notice 10 things wrong with the design just via a youtube video...but those guys designing it didn't...so many things wrong...
@@MrBrokoli99
Exactly! It can't be right. The whole idea behind multi-layer cf or fibreglass is that the different directions incorporate strength for each direction!
@@MrBrokoli99 Actual engineers also noticed it...But they got fired after they bring the concern to the CEO who was also in the sub after he fired them.
Excellent video. Thank you for laying it all out.
Excellent video mate , keep up the good work
There was a brief mention somewhere in the media about how the thick Plexiglass window was expected to flex inward a good bit. "No worries", however, as there would be a noticeable crackling noise which would alert the crew before failure would occur. I'm no engineer, but I believe that by the time an acoustic monitor detects something going wrong with the hull, or a crackling noise from the window, catastrophic failure is already underway and the craft could not be brought up far enough and fast enough to stop it. The failure rate would become exponential as breakdown potentiates further breakdown.
In every video I've seen of people documenting their Titan experience, the crew is having to perform repairs and maintenance on the craft in the middle of the ocean. In one video, communications were down and had to be fixed. I wouldn't want to go on a plane where the plane is delayed because they're in the midst of fixing it prior to take off.
That’s what people are saying. The acoustic monitor isn’t reliable because by the time it picks something up, it’s already too late.
I haven't read up much on the incident. Was there actually audio transmissions indicating possible argument on board over worrisome signs? I would imagine that with five people on board, you'd have different levels of freakout and urge to abort the mission.
@@Dowlphin Stockton Rush always insistend that the crackling of the breaking carbon fibers during descent is normal and told passengers to be prepared for that noise.
These noises are already present at a depth of 300ft (100m). Had anyone disbelieved Stockton Rush and freaked out, this would have happend pretty early.
Well said.
Having sensors to tell whether there was buckling was just crazy. That’s like taking a picture of a car flipping through the air in an accident.
But it might give you time to react like jettisoning ballast or having a winch pull you up, so your liquified and vaporized remains float to the surface instead of sinking to the bottom
While you're in the car. Lolol
it wouldve told them to cancel the dive and not go any deeper. couldve actually given them a chance
@@juankahoy not really... the proces changes the integrity once it starts. when you measure it, it's too late.
@@juankahoy so that their remain could be retrieve ?
I mean by the point that alarm goes off, it had already been too late for whoever was sitting inside that death trap.
Best explanation of the Titan I stumbled upon so far. Thanks. +like
Fascinating. Appreciate the detailed insight. Hats off mate.
I've watched a dozen or so videos on this submersible, and this is by far the most comprehensive and most lucidly explained video on youtube.
I totally agree
The 20-year old that was supposed to be on that final expedition (but called it off along with his dad) already had the foresight to know that this voyage was bonkers.
Probably found the controversy on the internet and told his dad there is something wrong with this sub. A good executive listens to his advisors.
💯💯💯💯💯☹️
Very insightful. Thank you.
Game controllers might be more commonly used than people think, but it's still worth pointing out they were using cheap wireless 12-year-old design that's had complaints about it's connectivity since it was released.
It had nothing to do with what went wrong but it's a perfect example of how they operated.
The catastrophic loss of pressure most probably came from the fact that they used 3 different materials for the sub that have different expansion/contraction characteristics which are hard to simulate. So at the joints of these materials (plexiglass, titanium and carbon fiber) the failure most probably happened.
I would be real skeptical of the CF to end cap connection.
The other thing that scares me is the carbon fiber being laid in a single direction, I've never seen that done before, it's always a back and forth weave.
Both look like a problem over time.
Carbon fiber is amazing in tension - but very bad in compression, where the matrix does all the work and not the fibres. Hence the rule don't use carbon fiber for submersibles - especially not combined with titanium as you say.
my guess would be the glued-on domes failing in the seems to the carbon fiber
wasn't it a very quick increase in pressure?
@@volvo09 Yep.. typically 45 degree patterns, not 180.
Its good to see so many submersible experts on youtube since all this has happened.
Amazing, such a small community, yet they've taken the time to post on every single video about the sub.
Usually start with
"The problem is" or
"The didn't work because.."
The biggest difference is.. "
Or my favorite, just posting a bunch of physics formulas from Wikipedia.
"the game controller is actually normal in military application"... yeah you'd definitely see this controller being used as a single point of failure where said failure could be life-threatening...
@@jackcollis7258 Was the sub lost because of the controller? Or, is this just the standard CZcams Internet expert comment because it's an easy cheap shot...?
It's easy to pretend you're an expert on YT.
@@buckhorncortez What difference does it make if the vessel was or wasn't lost because of the controller? We can still be critical of it
Not a cheap shot, many people have repeated this but games controller are used in military application where the thing they are controlling is not mission critical or your very life support
Fascinating video, brother.
Very clear explanation, expertly articulated. Thank you.
Yeah, people were joking about the controller but I honestly think that was the best made thing on that sub.
The controller company, at least, had specific standards governing their product.
Yes, the sad truth...
The layering of the carbon fiber was one issue but also layering different materials together made it even worse.
Doon doon doon dadadoon soon.....under pressure......
@@presidenteden6498 That's exactly what I thought after watching them glue the parts together. The short overlap and no bolts did not look confidence inspiring..
@@MrCpolzin It's likely he was relying on the ability of the titanium to shrink under pressure to form a seal to the rigid carbon fibre.
@@BarryBulsara576 Interesting, I don't understand how titanium and carbon fibre works at all. If it wasn't that then I guess it was the window or the carbon fibre laying technique then. It's gotta be one of the three..
@@presidenteden6498 I totally agree 👍
Very informative - great video
This is done really well!
According to another video I saw it appear that the choice of carbon fibre was inspired by another submersible built that way. Thing is, that one was designed for a single use and then be placed on a museum.
It seems like the CEO was looking for a "breathtaking" experience, given all the obvious red-flags that he ignored, even firing the engineer who raised issues on the submersible.
And was suing the engineer to boot. The very definition of an egomaniac.
I think it was a matter of the CEO's dream and not having enough money. He replaced senior people with recent students. He bought cheap items to make do. He probably took the man & son asap because he needed the money to keep the vessels operating. But replacing someone who warns you is not unusual. Isn't that what happened at NASA when the engineer complained about the "O" rings?
@mandrews1245 he replaced senior people because they were white men, and he was super duper progressive and only wanted minority hires.
@@mandrews1245 he was a billionaire who had just supposedly received an $18m round of funding, with many rich friends, and foolish clients willing to spend $250k a pop. Lack of funds wasn't his biggest problem. His mental derangement and obsession with inappropriate materials and design choices, along with reckless disregard for safety, were his downfall. Even if he had been gifted a trillion dollars by genie, he still would have eventually killed himself because he was insane.
and it was indeed "Breathe" Taking
Fantastic coverage 🙏🏿
Amazing knowledge Sir👍🏻Doomed right from the start.
I wonder how it feels, as a former passenger of this submarine, which, after all, despite all these weaknesses, has made some dives. Must feel like a second life. It's tragic what happened, but also incredible how often it went well.
I get what you mean and do agree, but also 6 out of 7 times successful doesn’t exactly indicate “super often”
Its precisely 20 times so yes, quite often
Look up "survivors guilt". They're probably blaming themselves for not saying more about it, honestly. It's not their fault, but that's how that guilt manifests.
The fact that this fool Rush had to prime the passengers for the “popping and cracking” sounds they would hear and tell them it was fine must replay over and over in the former clients minds.
@@bfr123456James Cameron dived 11k meters in a cracking full of problems submarine made by the most brilliant submarine minds of the world. Going to the bottom of the ocean seems more dangerous than going to space!
Still we all learned that a successful submersion doesn't mean the submarine is safe, it means the next dive will be more dangerous! That's terrifying! 😅
So frustrating when these things are so easily avoidable. Like when challenger blew up. Just hours before launch they were told not to launch in the cold weather, cause it wasn’t safe. Those warnings were ignored. Risk is a given, but these are stupid risks.
Yeah, but there's always naysayers after every tragic event.
If one expert says no, and there's even one shred of reasonable doubt, then that should be enough to end a project even if its just temporarily. Especially when other human lives are at risk. The ones in control are just arrogant and greedy.
Sadly it takes a disaster to change policy.
The issue with the Challenger is the people who designed it and made it said not to go up in cold weather.
@@evacody1249 but those in power were so focused on having the teacher give a lesson from space that they ignored the warnings and it was devastating.
Intelligent and thorough presentation. Thank you
best video I’ve watched on yt in a while
It should be noted that the rail car tank was collapsed by a partial vacuum on the inside with atmospheric pressure on the outside, creating a maximum possible pressure differential of less than 1 Bar. At the depth of the Titanic the submersible would have been subjected to a pressure differential exceeding 350 bar.
Is it directly comparable though? It's a lot easier to compress near-nothing (a vacuum) than whatever else may be inside (air, bodies, technology).
@@garrymullins Yes at that depth though it evryting with air in it would have imploded but looked like exploded in a few milleseconds.
@@garrymullins When you reach the stress limit of Carbon fiber it doesn't bend and deform before it fails like metals do, and when it fails it does so extremely quickly, we are talking around 3 milliseconds, that's quicker than the steel tank in the video took to crush. This kinda good news for the people on the Titan, as they would have been dead before they even knew that there was a problem. All in all, that would be the least traumatic and painful way for them to have gone.
Also yea water pressure at the depth the Titanic is at is about 400x that of the pressure at sea level. That submersible was pressurized to about 1 atmosphere (i.e. same pressure as at sea level). When you are dealing with pressure differentials that large, it really doesn't matter that the sub was pressurised or that there was stuff in it. It's gonna crush like tinfoil and then explode (because for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction).
Yep. Everyone inside likely got squirted out of the imploding sub reduced to their cellular components. The natural acidity in the ocean would've done the rest. It's unlikely any fish got a meal from them at all.
Hahaha 😅
I've never heard so many different ways to describe massive pressure being applied than I have over the last few days. A lot of them seem to include elephants 😂 yours was particularly interesting. Thanks for making this. It was great.
One article said the pressure on the Titan would have been the equivalent to the weight of the Eiffel Tower.
Not funny
Go back up and read the comments. Some these people explain it very well
A collection of innocent animals - including elephants were deliberately electrocuted
See: Topsy (elephant)
{_en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsy_(elephant)
Elephant standing with 1000 Elephants on it's back. ... I think sounds more impressive, than standing on one foot.
You did it just perfect!!! Thanks
idk what is it - but really could listen to this guy talk all day
As an unmanned submersible, it is an interesting idea. If the materials and manufacturing are cheaper, and the submersible is lighter and easier to carry and deploy, it could lead to faster development of deep sea exploration. But as a manned submersible, hell no!
Why don't use a forged alloy thick tube, whith sealed and bolted ends for lighter construction? main problems: corrosion resistance in sea water and probably t°expansions in very cold water: - 2°C at - 4000 meters.
Why would you need a pressure vessal on an unmanned craft?
@@danieldupuys2002
I’m not an engineer, but a tube of any kind sounds like a submarine, to me.
@@HeatherRose2023 damn you got submarines in your toilet
(3:26) The problem is that the buckling occurs a millisecond before the implosion. Assuming you could hear it, it'd be too late.
They knew something as they were trying to abort
clearly not because they released one of the weights so they knew something was bout to happen atleast thats what was reported in the computer system
Seems that all the Cooper Union, Caltech and MIT mechanics and physics experts descended on the comments section here
@@ironlionzion1380ya, I thoroughly enjoy so many experts taking the time to explain what happened exactly.
Although often they all have different answers.
There are likely answers but it's all speculation.
@@LinkTheKink Source? I can't find anything on the internet about that.
Excellent vid, subbed.