Media Prep

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  • čas přidán 13. 12. 2012
  • Explore our free eLearning courses at www.ncbionetwork.org/educatio....
    In order to grow, cells need very specific environmental conditions such as food, energy, proper temperature and humidity. When growing cells in the lab, we have to create these conditions using culture media.
    Solid culture media is a mixture of agar and nutrients poured into Petri dishes. We can transfer cells to the Petri dishes where they will grow with proper incubation.
    Sterile technique is required to create culture media so you don't have unwanted microorganisms growing in your culture.
    In this video, we'll demonstrate the steps for preparing Brain Heart Infusion Agar. It's a general-purpose media used for a variety of bacterial and fungal species including pathogens like Streptococcus and Pneumococcus.

Komentáře • 193

  • @BrettShuffler
    @BrettShuffler Před 4 lety +294

    This is inaccurate. There’s not a middle aged lady yelling at you and complaining for you to go faster

  • @diegogarcia2515
    @diegogarcia2515 Před 2 lety +43

    I love how science is always clean and organized. Btw, glass material looks better than plastic material. 🤩

    • @SFVMTV
      @SFVMTV Před 2 lety +3

      Glass is incredible. Yet fragile.

  • @SFVMTV
    @SFVMTV Před 2 lety +41

    Wow. Makes me wish i had 100% sterile conditions when it comes to laboratory work. But the budget isnt there. Thanks! For the insperation and observations.

  • @kristiananasto9702
    @kristiananasto9702 Před 2 lety

    In this way I prepare these plate in my work.Good explation to show my students👏😊

  • @nandikakaul6979
    @nandikakaul6979 Před 6 lety +9

    This was so helpful. Thank you so much!

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

    • @marjanmondal9939
      @marjanmondal9939 Před 2 lety

      @@RahulPagar 111

  • @alessandratazza405
    @alessandratazza405 Před 2 lety +11

    Una observación. Teniendo la CFL detrás de la operadora no había necesidad de vaciar el medio a la intemperie, pudiendo caer cualquier tipo de contaminante proveniente del aire, el mesón de trabajo, los guantes etc. No se protegió bien el producto estéril. Ahí hubo un error en el plaqueo.

  • @Karabo_Maphakane
    @Karabo_Maphakane Před 2 lety +1

    Thank you so much this is very help for my Lab Practical

  • @staywildmedia4302
    @staywildmedia4302 Před 7 lety +29

    thats some fancy equipment...ill use my range top and a spoon

  • @slyauma5728
    @slyauma5728 Před 4 lety +6

    Wonderful do love this

  • @kayathrivenkat457
    @kayathrivenkat457 Před 3 lety

    Superb work 👍

  • @akashikvai
    @akashikvai Před 3 lety +2

    Thanks for this video...

  • @NurArshad
    @NurArshad Před 6 měsíci

    Do we need to seal each of the agar plates with parafilm before keeping them in refrigerator?

  • @shinozsnow9354
    @shinozsnow9354 Před 7 lety +38

    I feel like this makes it look more complicated than usual. Of course I make media for college teaching classes that don't need the exact measurements and sterility of a research lab. If your going to go the way of making it super precise, why not go all the way and use a vent hood to pour the media and create a sterile environment. Plates also shouldn't be opened up so much when pouring as the plate should have come in sterile beforehand​ and opening them that much will allow microbes in the air to land in the plate easier.
    But I will say this is great for giving my friends an idea of what I do all day because it's hard to explain without being able to show them.

    • @soengchatvichea4417
      @soengchatvichea4417 Před 6 lety +1

      can you tell me more easy way to make media? I'll have class soon.

    • @SFVMTV
      @SFVMTV Před 2 lety +1

      Why not pour it in a 0% oxygen capsule. Nice comment. But you can only do so much with you'r resources, and the the holes of your result "might" not sway too much. You have a good point though. Ver good.

    • @SFVMTV
      @SFVMTV Před 2 lety

      @@soengchatvichea4417 it's rarely easy. But if you work with bacteria, 90% steril is the only credible regards to te experiments.

    • @divyeshghoghari4092
      @divyeshghoghari4092 Před 2 lety

      hey there i am also feels the same i want some discussion about this work can we ?

  • @status3.038
    @status3.038 Před 2 lety +2

    What a video mam love from India😍love😍😍

  • @user-rj1in9wq4o
    @user-rj1in9wq4o Před 2 lety +1

    thank you so much it was very useful

  • @diyaarazaq4994
    @diyaarazaq4994 Před 7 lety +1

    like it very nice and easy work 🌸

  • @belbras
    @belbras Před 11 lety

    interesting the advice on avoiding condensation in the petri dishes

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

  • @SanthoshKumar-wn6xh
    @SanthoshKumar-wn6xh Před 4 lety +1

    Tq sister... It is very useful 🙏

  • @AlahamdUllah
    @AlahamdUllah Před 8 měsíci

    Great job I'm also student I'm MLT it's very best for me thanks alot ❣️

  • @zakariazaki7513
    @zakariazaki7513 Před 2 lety

    I like this video keep going 🤠 greeting from Morocco

  • @user-jx7dr5yc9l
    @user-jx7dr5yc9l Před 4 lety +2

    Thanks so much🌼

  • @honeysingh6055
    @honeysingh6055 Před 7 lety +137

    she poured the media into petri dishes in open environment...should be done in laminar or other aspectic conditions

    • @HaydenHatTrick
      @HaydenHatTrick Před 5 lety +13

      Lighting a bunsen burner does a good job, the convection current actually sterilizes the surrounding area.... obviously when the wind is still.
      I used to do that and things worked fine. That said, I did see a lot of other people do poorly because it's not as forgiving for lack of attention.

    • @mihirtambe3849
      @mihirtambe3849 Před 4 lety +3

      Yeah you say correct technique to pour the media in dish if you have no laminar air flow device you complete your technique between the two burners....
      Hence the desired bacteria we give from dish

    • @SefrozaMafuru
      @SefrozaMafuru Před 4 lety

      I was wondering

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html

    • @moh19931000
      @moh19931000 Před 3 lety +1

      @@HaydenHatTrick would an alcohol burner work too?

  • @ashoksharma1234
    @ashoksharma1234 Před 2 lety

    great vedio very helping and innovative please

  • @NHenry-dy2fo
    @NHenry-dy2fo Před 2 lety

    God I wish all labs were this clean. Smh.

  • @bahaalin8957
    @bahaalin8957 Před 7 lety +1

    good job

  • @mahirapatel8455
    @mahirapatel8455 Před 3 lety +1

    Thanks

  • @user-wy4rx6fp8u
    @user-wy4rx6fp8u Před 2 lety

    Very helpful video :D

  • @user-wk2gp3tu8h
    @user-wk2gp3tu8h Před 2 lety

    Thank you very much 💯

  • @jasminaanwer7725
    @jasminaanwer7725 Před 3 lety

    Why for days the tubes are filled to the end and a vacuum is required between the pads and the solution when sterilizing in the autoclave

  • @FarzadSalim
    @FarzadSalim Před rokem

    thank you

  • @arshiaamjad9220
    @arshiaamjad9220 Před rokem

    so good

  • @sinivasanharinis3971
    @sinivasanharinis3971 Před rokem

    Thank you so much

  • @YummiestOrphan
    @YummiestOrphan Před 10 lety +4

    Why are agar plates (with micro-organisms on) only incubated for between 24 and 48 hours?

    • @fathimahameed6342
      @fathimahameed6342 Před 6 lety +1

      YummiestOrphan its the time required for bacteria and fungi respectively to grow....

  • @NimaMahmoud
    @NimaMahmoud Před 5 lety +1

    Amazing 💕

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

  • @anjalisharma314
    @anjalisharma314 Před 2 lety

    I have to use a particular bacterial strain in removal of a particular chemical. Shall after putting bacteria and flask in a chemical,How can I measure the quantity of bacteria?
    5. The method I applied is putting a chemical and bacteria in a flask at a certain temp near about 25 C-30C?
    In a water bath shaker and rotate it for 50-180 minutes and after that check, how much chemical is removed by this bacteria.
    My question is, is this temp and rotation , destroyed the bacteria or it is Normal , we can do it.

  • @medicallabtechnologistrahu1865

    culture media preparation best technicians

  • @shadyshrooms9141
    @shadyshrooms9141 Před 2 lety

    Pls help me my agar boils over in the pressure cooker whats wrong im using agar malt extract and honey fyi for growing mushrooms

  • @sarahmajin5358
    @sarahmajin5358 Před 11 měsíci

    please what is the size of the petri dish?

  • @kayeloraineplale7026
    @kayeloraineplale7026 Před 4 lety +3

    May I know what are those materials that you used in this procedure? Thank youuuu

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

  • @zemenuachamyeleh45
    @zemenuachamyeleh45 Před 2 lety

    how to sterilize lab equipment ,when starts of time ?we starts up to 121 degree c?or after degree c reach 121 degree c ?can u send response ?

  • @AyushGupta-oh7xx
    @AyushGupta-oh7xx Před 4 lety +1

    Agar media is costly ...which other media can be used

  • @vaishalichouhan2500
    @vaishalichouhan2500 Před 2 lety

    Do animal cell culture media do the same thing?

  • @saranyasakthivel9784
    @saranyasakthivel9784 Před 5 lety

    it very useful to students

  • @souravgoswami5145
    @souravgoswami5145 Před 4 lety +2

    how do i know that how many plates are required for the pouring of agar?

    • @1100241540
      @1100241540 Před 3 lety

      It depends on how many plates you want to make and volume of media you have prepped. Each plate requires approx 20mL media. So 100mL media can make 5 plates

  • @rochemahinay6994
    @rochemahinay6994 Před 9 lety +60

    opening the petri dishes widely will cause contamination. The procedure did not perform aseptic technique during the dispensing.

    • @zahraammadani
      @zahraammadani Před 6 lety

      roche mahinay that's right

    • @vinayt7086
      @vinayt7086 Před 5 lety

      Yes we can perform asceptic condesation.

    • @nonodeen6136
      @nonodeen6136 Před 5 lety +1

      roche mahinay
      You are right , I am student in second year applied biology and we don’t open the Petri dish widely , to avoid contamination!

    • @Muhammadalgan
      @Muhammadalgan Před 5 lety +1

      Yeah.. atleast use a burner or laminar air flow

  • @saranyasakthivel9784
    @saranyasakthivel9784 Před 5 lety

    tq so much

  • @mariammohammed6728
    @mariammohammed6728 Před 3 lety

    Life saving

  • @mariamlotfy932
    @mariamlotfy932 Před 10 lety +1

    MANY THANKS

  • @saelalliouat2230
    @saelalliouat2230 Před 4 lety +1

    Woaw super intéressant

  • @HaydenHatTrick
    @HaydenHatTrick Před 5 lety

    In these comments, lots of people saying "ah, not the bench".
    I just light a bunsen burner and work within a half meter of it. A bunsen's convection current works really well for even a meter radius around it.

    • @HaydenHatTrick
      @HaydenHatTrick Před 3 lety

      @Nipha Ahtlantashah Based on your other comments I'm going to go ahead and say you've never even been in a lab :/

    • @HaydenHatTrick
      @HaydenHatTrick Před 3 lety

      @Nipha Ahtlantashah .... its AGAR!!!! I'll prepare it in the turboincabulator from now on.

  • @ichakhofifah6515
    @ichakhofifah6515 Před 5 lety +1

    Bukankah penuangan media tidak boleh dibuka terlalu lebar?

  • @waqasdaagh
    @waqasdaagh Před 7 lety +1

    thanks for help but somebody tell me more details

  • @katrinmcmiddle5747
    @katrinmcmiddle5747 Před 3 lety +4

    Dayyyym how much did your scales cost? I'd love a pair of those in my lab!

    • @BeeRich33
      @BeeRich33 Před 3 lety

      Use a kitchen scale. That was overkill.

  • @FelipeViannaNutriUFRJ
    @FelipeViannaNutriUFRJ Před 3 lety +2

    And does she prepare Petri dishes outdoors without at least pouring near the flame of the Bunsen burner?! I don't like to prepare my plates outside the laminar flow hood... When I finish pouring the medium, I let them solidify with the hood closed and the UV turned on to avoid maximum contamination... When I prepare outdoors, I light the Bunsen burner and do everything there in the burner to minimize the risk of contamination, and detail, with the smallest possible opening of the plate. The way she did, it contaminated everything. 🤷‍♂️

  • @adzralalamsyah9913
    @adzralalamsyah9913 Před 7 měsíci

    why don't you heat when stirring the media?

  • @pequodexpress
    @pequodexpress Před 5 lety +2

    For how long can Agar-prepped petri dishes be stored?

    • @abhishekrr7349
      @abhishekrr7349 Před 3 lety +1

      You can use upto 10 days atleast. After that, the media starts getting dry.

    • @edwinbz9889
      @edwinbz9889 Před rokem

      Usually a month if refrigerated.

  • @ahmedelgbaroney6444
    @ahmedelgbaroney6444 Před 3 lety

    Could you show us algae analayes please

  • @user-xh1ix1lo9f
    @user-xh1ix1lo9f Před 2 lety

    I love it

  • @faizulhassan4278
    @faizulhassan4278 Před 3 lety

    Why we use deionized water instead of distilled water?

  • @RAVISINGH-he6mj
    @RAVISINGH-he6mj Před 7 lety +2

    why is it necessary to autoclave media along with magnetic stirer? Heat will affect it's property. moreover, not necessary to restire media after autoclaving.

    • @againstthemodernworld3253
      @againstthemodernworld3253 Před 6 lety

      The stirring probably helps to cool the agar down. Ouring agr when it's too hot will cause condensation to form inside the petri dishes.

    • @sakshisikhwal3518
      @sakshisikhwal3518 Před 5 lety

      hi ravi, autoclaving is done so as to remove any contamination from the media as well as all the other material that is being used.
      no it does not affect aga properties ans stirring agar is necessary because agar tenda to soldify at the 30 to 40°c ..so if we do not stirr it it will soldify and settle down and we wont be able to get solidfied agar plates

  • @svn8101
    @svn8101 Před rokem

    Why didn’t you used sterile conditions to pour the media? What if it gets contaminated?

  • @jkgou1
    @jkgou1 Před 3 lety

    Would you please tell us :
    The aluminum foil is applied to
    the flask firmly or loosely ?
    Can we prevent the water loss during autoclave process
    or about what percent water loss
    during autoclave process will
    not effect final test results.

    • @owenwhitman6616
      @owenwhitman6616 Před 2 lety

      It doesn't really matter. It's only there to prevent condensation in the autoclave from changing the mixture in the flask. Call it a splash guard, really.

    • @jkgou1
      @jkgou1 Před 2 lety +1

      @@owenwhitman6616 Thank you very much for your instruction.

  • @raistudypoint0.247
    @raistudypoint0.247 Před 2 lety

    Ma'am can I use this video

  • @tridevee7089
    @tridevee7089 Před 4 lety

    Can it germinate Orchid seeds

  • @NupArtworld7
    @NupArtworld7 Před 6 lety +1

    Wow

  • @happyzin8627
    @happyzin8627 Před 5 lety

    at last where did she store them n y using plastic bag

  • @muhammadnaseem3066
    @muhammadnaseem3066 Před 6 lety

    nice

  • @antonyprabhu2471
    @antonyprabhu2471 Před 2 lety +8

    Please use LAF while pouring the media in the petridish to avoid contaminations

    • @halls207
      @halls207 Před 11 měsíci

      what is LAF?

    • @DatTran1
      @DatTran1 Před 10 měsíci

      or just simply alcohol lamp is enough.

  • @nofrianiwila775
    @nofrianiwila775 Před 2 lety

    What is the name media that you do? I mean... the media name, what is it?

  • @user-sd4mn5io4o
    @user-sd4mn5io4o Před 5 lety

    good

  • @mundeprakash6014
    @mundeprakash6014 Před 6 lety

    Is agar compulsory could we prepare tissue culture at home??

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

  • @JourneyOfSciences
    @JourneyOfSciences Před 3 lety

    Good

  • @krunalpatelbiotech
    @krunalpatelbiotech Před 11 lety +1

    for pouring purpose use laminar air flow. not in normal desk.

    • @HaydenHatTrick
      @HaydenHatTrick Před 5 lety

      or a bunsen burner does just as good when you do have to do it on a bench top.

  • @anonymousapple4709
    @anonymousapple4709 Před 3 lety +2

    Reúnanse dios@s que vienen por Microbiología General 🔬🇵🇪😍🙋.

  • @zyrenerosevaldez1518
    @zyrenerosevaldez1518 Před 6 lety

    Hello! How many hours does it take to solidify?

    • @Frenchfemme_Dharna
      @Frenchfemme_Dharna Před 5 lety +2

      zyreneium not hours, but 10-15 mins, also depends on agar concentration

  • @daveygod9186
    @daveygod9186 Před 2 lety

    I love how you can be of all possible thanks for breathren work smart goals you need help ask

  • @yourfavoriteedits9515
    @yourfavoriteedits9515 Před 2 lety

    Someone plz give me the experiment of this prac " media prep"

  • @imrocknreeling
    @imrocknreeling Před 4 lety

    How to prevent moisture after directly pouring warm media and covering the lid?

    • @noorulain6066
      @noorulain6066 Před 4 lety

      don't cover the plate immediately

    • @antonyprabhu2471
      @antonyprabhu2471 Před 2 lety +1

      Keep the petridish in the LAF and pour the media don't close the petridish. Close the front door of the LAF and turn on the UV light ( not necessory, if done it will prevent contaminations)wait till the media gets solidified then turn off the UV, sterilize your hands using sanitizers and work on.
      Once work is completed seal your petri dish using paraffin flim and keep it in the Co2 incubator upside-down ..
      This process will avoide moisture as well as contaminations

  • @GadgetAddict
    @GadgetAddict Před 3 lety +27

    "Make sure the heat is turned oawww"
    Is she saying on or off?

  • @ChaonicMew
    @ChaonicMew Před 3 lety +5

    Let's for a second imagine a hypothetical scenario in which a person doesn't have a magnetic stirring plate or an autoclave. Are there some viable lower tech solutions?

    • @abhishekrr7349
      @abhishekrr7349 Před 3 lety +1

      Magnetic stirrer is not really necessary. Instead of autoclave you could also use pressure cooker. While preparing media I have never used magnetic stirrer.

    • @Lemonz1989
      @Lemonz1989 Před rokem +3

      I know this post is old, but I’ll answer it anyway. When making the solution, you can dissolve it in a very clean saucepan/pot, until the solution is completely melted and mixed together. Use a whisk or something similar to mix it. Then you can put the mixture in a glass flask (preferably borosilicate glass) with a polypropylene lid (or some other plastic that is heat resistant). Then you can put said flask, with lid lightly screwed on, in a pressure cooker; preferably one that can reach 15 PSI. Cook for maybe 20 - 30 minutes, and tighten lid properly soon after taking the flask out of the pressure cooker. If you tighten the lid too much before pressure cooking, you risk the bottle exploding because of the pressure buildup inside it.

    • @ChaonicMew
      @ChaonicMew Před rokem

      @@Lemonz1989 This is some good advice! Thank you! Luckily, I have since been able to prepare some agar plates. As for my project.. Overall, it didn't go quite as planned. But for a time, I was able to keep some mycelium for medicinal mushrooms alive!! Unfortunately, the petri dishes were still only the easy part. :)

  • @tauseefhaider572
    @tauseefhaider572 Před 5 lety

    Anyone please tell me material required & process in proper written form. I have to solve my class work

  • @aramraney4463
    @aramraney4463 Před 3 lety +1

    hi frend waht is the pouder nems add the wouter???

  • @farahali5754
    @farahali5754 Před rokem

    The best place in the universe all universe really to save human

  • @ainnabilah5040
    @ainnabilah5040 Před 2 lety

    Nicer 👍🏻

  • @lajoswinkler
    @lajoswinkler Před 7 lety +28

    Huge mistake there - not wearing a hair cap and having loose hair flap around. It might be ok if you're using a laminar flow cabinet, but if you aren't, it's totally wrong.

    • @aderukuebenezer7733
      @aderukuebenezer7733 Před 6 lety

      how can i prepare mrs agar

    • @sanjeevkumarnitrourkela6637
      @sanjeevkumarnitrourkela6637 Před 6 lety +5

      It's demonstration bro that's why she doesn't use laminar hood

    • @ignaciocabero6062
      @ignaciocabero6062 Před 4 lety +1

      @@sanjeevkumarnitrourkela6637 They don't care about that, they just want to be smarter and "better" than everyone else

    • @RahulPagar
      @RahulPagar Před 3 lety

      Short and easy video on bacterilogical media is available on czcams.com/video/GYrkRU0hQ4o/video.html
      Help me to reach maximum peoples who need short and easy to understand videos

    • @Val-nq5pt
      @Val-nq5pt Před 2 lety

      Bruh, if you're just growing some regular e. coli or something you don't need one. Most people don't do whatever you are doing with your agar. What lab do you work at?

  • @anbarulhaque4720
    @anbarulhaque4720 Před rokem

    How to convert cfu/g to cfu/ml

  • @faridmazlan3277
    @faridmazlan3277 Před 3 lety

    Paduu Toqqq...

  • @julytran861
    @julytran861 Před 2 lety

    👍

  • @DUSHUZ
    @DUSHUZ Před 3 lety +1

    If you come from Dr Tariq Ayoup , press like ❤️👍

  • @DJCowcat
    @DJCowcat Před 11 měsíci

    i was a lab technician for 4 years and now I want to be a dj

  • @login5483
    @login5483 Před 4 lety +1

    You you N , some unipo students .

  • @manosaparis348
    @manosaparis348 Před 5 lety

    likely

  • @user-wk2gp3tu8h
    @user-wk2gp3tu8h Před 2 lety

    👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻

  • @nandinisingh4100
    @nandinisingh4100 Před 5 lety +6

    She's doing it in open environment, that might can cause contamination

  • @emansaqr2644
    @emansaqr2644 Před 4 lety +2

    ممكن ترجمة

  • @mrstevens445
    @mrstevens445 Před 2 lety

    When you wanna teach things to people, teach the right way. We are discussing microbiology here, so I’m confused why is she dispensing the media out in the open. She didn’t even sterilize the media cylinder with heat. 🤔

  • @QueriesSolution
    @QueriesSolution Před 4 lety

    No aspetic conditions maintained.. y u even autoclaved media when u needed to pour it like this.. mixing with normal water mixing n pouring would hv given u same results

  • @mohamedacro521
    @mohamedacro521 Před 7 lety +1

    like

  • @DUSHUZ
    @DUSHUZ Před 3 lety +2

    اللي جاي من الدكتور طارق أيوب لايك

    • @Abeer_Al
      @Abeer_Al Před 2 lety

      يوتيوبر؟

    • @DUSHUZ
      @DUSHUZ Před 2 lety +1

      @@Abeer_Al لا دكتور عندنا يشبه فيرفول 😂😂😂

    • @Abeer_Al
      @Abeer_Al Před 2 lety

      @@DUSHUZ
      اها، ما كنت عارفة فيرفول بس سويت بحث وشفته 😂

  • @anjalisharma314
    @anjalisharma314 Před 2 lety +1

    Good afternoon ma'am,
    Please tell
    1.After culturing in test tube, at which temperature we have to keep it for preservation and upto how many days we can preserve it
    2. How identification and characterization of bacteria can be done
    3. If I have a single bacterial strain- and I have to culture it. Then how I know that the strain I used is the same, I want to culture. Please tell the method for it