Gilgamesh and the Flood
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- čas přidán 27. 05. 2024
- In today's video, we examine the genesis and development of one of the world's oldest Mythological figures, the legendary King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, and the Epic that bears his name. Along the way we'll explore over 2000 years of history, culminating in an examination of the origins of the Mesopotamian flood myth, which continues to echo in modern religions to this day.
This video owes a special thanks to archaeologist Dr Geoff Emberling, who kindly allowed me to use a number of his photos of Iraq. You can find more information on his research activities in the links below:
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#Gilgamesh #Documentary #mesopotamia
General Sources:
Stephanie Dalley (2008) Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh and Others. Oxford World’s Classics.
Jeffrey H. Tigay (1982) The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers.
A. R. George (2003) The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic. Oxford University Press.
Walther Sallaberger (2013) Das Gilgamesch-Epos: Mythos, Werk und Tradition. Beck’sche Reihe 2443.
Barry Powell (2015) Classical Myth, 8th Edition. Pearson.
Theodore Ziolkowski (2011) Gilgamesh Among Us: Modern Encounters with the Ancient Epic. Cornell University Press.
David Damrosch (2006) The Buried Book. Henry Holt Books.
Marc van de Mieroop (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East, 3rd Edition. Wiley Blackwell.
Harriet Crawford (2004) Sumer and the Sumerians, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Nicola Crusemann, Margarete Van Ess, Markus Hilgert, Beate Salje and Timothy Potts (2019) Uruk: The Worlds First City. English edition.
Harriet Crawford (editor) (2016) The Sumerian World. Routledge.
Paul-Alain Beaulieu (2018) A History of Babylon. Wiley Blackwell.
References:
Louis Watelin and Stephen Langdon (1930) Excavations at Kish: Volume III
C. Leonard Woolley (1929) The Excavations at Ur and the Hebrew Records.
Erich Schmidt (1931) Excavations at Fara, 1931. Penn Museum Journal.
P. R. S. Moorey (1981) Abu Salabikh, Kish, Mari and Ebla: Mid-third millennium archaeological interconnections. American Journal of Archaeology, 85(4): 447-448.
Tzvi Abusch (2001) The development and meaning of the Epic of Gilgamesh: An interpretive essay. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(4): 614-622.
Philip Jones (2003) Embracing Inana: Legitimation and mediation in the ancient Mesopotamian sacred marriage hymn Iddin-Dagan A. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 123(2): 291-302.
Antoine Cavigneaux and Farouk Al-Rawi (1993) New Sumerian literary texts from Tell Haddad (Ancient Meturan): A First Survey. Iraq, 55: 91-105.
Nicole Brisch (2006) The priestess and the King: The divine kingship of Su-Sin of Ur. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 126(2): 161-176.
Gianni Marchesi (2004) Who was buried in the royal tombs of Ur? The epigraphic and textual data. NOVA SERIES, 73(2): 153-197.
Piotr Steinkeller (2003) An Ur III manuscript of the Sumerian King List. Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift fur Claus Wilck.
Helmut Becker and Jörg W. E. Fassbinder (2003) Magnetometry at Uruk (Irak): The city of King Gilgamesh. Archaeologia Polona, 41: 122-124.
Jörg W. E. Fassbinder (2020) Beneath the Euphrates sediments: magnetic traces of the Mesopotamian megacity Uruk-Warka. The Ancient Near East Today, 3(6).
Roger Matthews and Amy Richardson (2018) Cultic resilience and inter-city engagement at the dawn of urban history: protohistoric Mesopotamia and the ‘city seals’, 3200-2750 BC. World Archaeology, 50(5): 723-747.
Melania Zingarello (2015) Fortification systems in central and lower Mesopotamia between the 3rd and the first half of the 2nd millennium BC: an overview. In Broadening Horizons 4: Conference of young researchers working in the Ancient Near East, Egypt and Central Asia, Archaeopress, pg. 309-317.
Hannah Jensen (2015) What does the Epic of Gilgamesh reveal about Mesopotamian culture and religion?
Robert D. Biggs (1974) Inscriptions from tell Abu Salabikh. The University of Chicago Press.
Piotr Michalowski (2007) A man called Enmebaragesi. In W. Sallaberger, K. Volk, and A. Zgoll, eds., Literatur, Politik, und Recht in Mesopotamien. Orientalia Biblica et Christiana, pg. 195-208.
Samuel Kramer (1967) Reflections on the Mesopotamian Flood: Cuneiform data new and old. Expedition, 9(4): 12-18.
Douglas Frayne (2010) The struggle for hegemony in “Early Dynastic II” Sumer. The Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies, 4:37-77.
Gianni Marchesi (2010) The Sumerian King List and the early History of Mesopotamia. Quaderni di Vicino Oriente V, pg. 231-248.
Valentina Yanko-Hombach et al. (2007) Controversy over the great flood hypotheses in the Black Sea in light of geological, paleontological, and archaeological evidence. Quarternary International, 167(2007): 91-113.
David MacDonald (1988) The Flood: Mesopotamian Archaeological Evidence. Creation/Evolution Journal, 8(2): 1-20.
Please update the CC subtitles since I sometimes like to watch this in bed and don't want to wake up anybody in my home. So I watch with some audio but mostly with subtitles
Thanks for the references! Quality production 💕💕💕
That should be pinned.
@@chrystals.4376 forgot, thanks for the reminder
@@bulletsfordinner8307should be updated.
Fun little tidbit. The Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest stories in human history, starts with "In those ancient days"
Oh, that’s awesome!!!
So we would say in the most ancient of days.
Watch out the religious nuts gonna say we’re all the devil for liking this stuff lol
@@williammartin1561 so in modern day we would say, “in the most ancient of days.”
Yes because Noah and the flood was many years before him
I know I'm not saying anything that hasn't been said a million times, but, we live in an era when "the history channel" runs anti-historical and psudo-history TV shows, not too dissimilar to MTV never playing music.
Well done CZcams history channels for the great work keeping factual documentaries a thing.
Please don't give YT itself any credit though. There are millions of very dubious 'history' videos on here, and no effort has been made to fact-check any of them. Only yesterday YT suggested I might enjoy some Young Earth Creationist garbage. I made the mistake of clicking on it, just to see how crazy it was, and now the algos are pushing videos of the most ridiculous crackpot theories and religious propaganda.
YT, just like the History Channel, is far more interested in 'views' and advertising revenue than it is in the education of its users.
@@emdiar6588 totally agreed, search for, say, ancient history and at least half of the suggestions are usually peudo, fantastical stuff.
this channel maybe be "factual" in terms of reading from the establisment approved texts that have been allowed into the public domain
@@emdiar6588 heh, I once searched for videos showing extremly right political positions just to know my enemy and see the kind of brainfarts they create... well after that YT thought I was a Nazi....
The echo bubbles created by this type of algorhithm are dangerous.
No keep saying it mate and new people will hear it for the first time.
I am not a learned student or a person of any academic title, but when I was introduced to the Sumerian Kings List, I recognized a pattern in the numbers. Between the story of how the numbers were kept in the pre-dynasty period, the author of the article rubbed right alongside of the answer to the question they were asking. The measure of Sars and Ners. It is akin to the description of the temperature in a room. An American would write that the temperature of the room was 61, a European is likely to write that the temperature of that same room is 16. As Americans and Europeans use two different systems to measure temperature. The Ancients used different systems to measure time. Being practical, to set up a system of measure a person would count the number of days that passed from when a ruler came to power and when that ruler ceased to rule. Things start to make sense when one considers that the cycles recorded were days not years, for 28,000 days is equal to 76.64 years. A far less whimsical concept of the passage of time. --After the flood swept through Sumer, the Sumerian Kings List picks up with Kish being the first city to organize post flood. The measure of time has shifted from being daily to becoming lunar. It is no secret that the semitic peoples of the area used the moon to track time, and with Kish being the Western most outpost of the Sumerian arena the next set of cycles would be in lunar configuration. "Jasur", The first king of Kish ruled for 1200 cycles. Since there are 12.3726 lunar cycles in a year, it comes out that Jasur reigned for 96.99 years. Fantastic, yet more to the concept of time that we possess. From this point until Sargons taking charge, time was kept in lunar script. Post Sargon the annuals were the cycles of time. The 360-day year was established. I once again reiterate that, five digits indicates "days", three to four digits indicates "moons" and after Sargon the years were close to how track time, but obviously not accurate. The First dynasty of Kish was the only true dynasty. It lasted some 1500 years, while most of the other kingdoms came and went like popcorn in a pan.
Wow you just blew my mind, something that simple could actually be the solution to the problem regarding the impossible king's list...
Great post!
That is crazy interesting and makes me wonder if a similar misconception of how time was measured in ancient times is also the reason why the lifespans of pre-flood biblical characters are so long as well. Maybe the biblical authors, like many of us today, assumed that the numbers of pre flood reigns where not measured in days, but solar years or lunar cycles, and when writing the bible created similarly long lifespans for pre-flood biblical characters to match the ideas of other myths of the region and give validity to their own stories.
Well done! Yes, this is the correct solution. In Sumerian, "Sars" is used as a general term for "a unit of time" and means TIME and doesn't mean specifically "a year". So this is a mis-translation by ignorant 19th and 20th Century Sumerologists that has been perpetuated ever since.
This general unit of time would then have different values when converted into current years in different epochs, and this would be already understood by ancient scribes, or perhaps defined in missing or damaged parts of the prism as a small note.
That makes a lot of sense. Thank you!
What’s amazing that Gilgamesh searched for eternity and he lost it! However we still talk about him today after Thousands of years later 🤔
I am reminded of the similarly to Shelly:
"And on the pedestal, these words appear:
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.”
That was literally the point of the epic.
Yeah, but the talking only was not what was wanted
Yeah, Gilgamesh is just as famous as Nimrod! btw how did Gilgamesh die?
@@AverageAmerican Isn't Nimrod the King around the time of the tower of Babel?
It's always amused me that the oldest recorded story starts with rulers misbehaving. Nothing changes.
Nothing changes as long as men still run things.
@@karengoldner4719 you left out the "hu" in that men, and if you really think women aren't capable of great evil look no further than Ghislaine Maxwell and realize your false belief has been debunked
There is also sex and violence like right away. Storytelling have not evolved all that much
@@karengoldner4719 You know, it is mostly women who are mothers, ECE and teachers who raise men.
yeah, the problem isn't men or women, there's good and bad of both. it's also not a problem with a specific society, as there's good and bad people in them all. humans are the problem, their fundamental nature is flawed and easily corrupted.
Enkidu entering civilization and the wild animals who had been his friends suddenly refusing to have anything to do with him has always struck me as massively profound. The Mesopotamians knew that the rise of cities had severed man psychologically and philosophically from the natural world, even back then. How well we have proven them right thousands of years later.
Very allegorical
Very well put. I agree.
😢
Everything you think you know about Jesus? Are simply, again, parts from many other myths, for example... Noah and the flood story in Genesis are nearly the same stories we find in Ancient mythology, long before Genesis, with the Gilgamesh story? (Gilgamesh) came from Babylon - hundreds of years before the Bible was even written.
1. Asklepios healed the sick, raised the dead, and was known as the saviour and redeemer.
2. Hercules was born of a divine father and mortal mother, and was known as the saviour of the world.
3. Dionysus was literally the “Son of God”, was born of a woman who had not had sex with a man, and was depicted riding a donkey. He was a travelling teacher who performed miracles, and was killed and resurrected, after which time he became immortal.
4. Osiris did the same things. He was born of a virgin, was considered the first true king of the people, and when he died he rose from the grave and went to heaven.
5. Osiris’s son, Horus, was known as the “light of the world”, “The good shepherd”, and “the lamb”. He was also referred to as, “The way, the truth, and the life.” His symbol was a cross-like symbol.
6. Mithra’s birthday was celebrated on the 25th of December, his birth was witnessed by local shepherds who brought him gifts, had 12 disciples, and when he was done on earth he had a final meal before going up to heaven. On judgment day, he’ll return to pass judgment on the living and the dead. The good will go to heaven, and the evil will die in a giant fire. His holiday is on Sunday (he’s the Sun God). His followers called themselves “brothers”, and their leaders “fathers”. They had baptism and a meal ritual where symbolic flesh and blood were eaten. Heaven was in the sky, and hell was below with demons and sinners.
7. Krishna had a miraculous conception that wise men were able to come to because they were guided by a star. After he was born, an area ruler tried to have him found and killed. His parents were warned by a divine messenger, however, and they escaped and were met by shepherds. The boy grew up to be the mediator between God and man.
8. Buddha’s mother was told by an angel that she’d give birth to a holy child destined to be a saviour. As a child, he teaches the priests in his temple about religion while his parents look for him. He starts his religious career at roughly 30 years of age, and is said to have spoken to 12 disciples on his deathbed. One of the disciples is his favourite, and another is a traitor. He and his disciples abstain from wealth and travel around, speaking in parables and metaphors. He called himself “the son of man” and was referred to as, “prophet”, “master”, and “Lord”. He healed the sick, cured the blind and deaf, and he walked on water. One of his disciples tried to walk on water as well but sunk because his faith wasn’t strong enough.
9. Apollonius of tyana (a contemporary of Jesus) performed countless miracles (healing sick and crippled, restored sight, cast out demons, etc.) His birth was of a virgin, foretold by an angel. He knew scripture really well as a child. He was crucified, rose from the dead and appeared to his disciples to prove his power before going to heaven to sit at the right hand of the father. He was known as, “The Son of God”.
The problem, of course, is that these previous narratives existed hundreds to thousands of years before Jesus did. LOL
@@hotstepper887 the stories in the Bible are almost the same, but if you only read these stories from the Bible, they often make no sense in some parts. In Noah's story it's not clear why God is talking to the wall of the hut, but in the Sumerian story it becomes clear that he ( Enki ) promised Enlil not to warn the humans that a terrible flood is coming, but he had a dream in which "the Creator of all" or "the all" told him to safe humanity . And so to keep his promise to his brother Enlil, he talks to the wall.
It's just nice to hear the term "Annunaki" in a context other than wild and batshit speculation about alien astronaut visitors...
The Anunnaki are just demons in search of legends
@@aliyaser7698 aliens whom
Used humans for slave labor and sex
Zacharia Schin did not understand sumero-babylonian cosmology. "Nibiru" is not the 9th planet but another reading of the city of Nippur in Iraq,Annunaki were not the gods of the sky (those would be the Igigi) but the ones from the underworld .
yes, thank you. ha ha, ya got jokes bud!
Not believing there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe is batshit and egocentric.
The mention of the flood at 1:46 gave me some goosebumps. First of all, it's extremely clear how vivid the flood remained in the Sumerian memory. Second, for anyone who listened to the Fall of Civilizations podcast, it explains in detail the most plausible origins of the flood myth. It says that the future Sumerians slowly retreated north as the valley that would become the Persian Gulf came underwater at the end of the epipaleolithic. If this is ever proven to be true, then it would make Oannes (the half-man half-fish that taught the people writing, farming and building) the oldest fictional character known to man.
We have proven the breach of the Bosporus by the Mediterranean flooding into the then-freshwater Black Sea. At about 5000 years ago, there is a sudden end of freshwater mollusks and the sudden appearance of marine species. That, and you can scuba dive the flooded villages.
The Biblical flood is true and is in EVERY SOCIETY and culture worldwide not just sumerian.
Gilgamesh was a hybrid nephilim in his own words. He was gigantic, many feet taller than everyone else. Matches up with Bible in all accounts. Study to show thyself approved unto God.
@@zachtruthnow911 deluded words from deluded worshippers.
@ZachTruthNow I'm curious as to who in the bible is many feet taller than everyone else?
@@zachtruthnow911 And of course floods are in every society, but not the biblical flood you speak of and you have no evidence for the stories being of the biblical flood
Considering less than 1% of Uruk has been excavated it wouldn’t surprise me if more evidence for a historical Gilgamesh is discovered some day.
i hope so
Let's do it
Well Hillary Clinton was asking where his resting place is in her emails so they probably already know. They just are not telling the public.
@@Krissie707 ayo Hillary was doing what?
@@Emrystatari hillary off her meds???
What an absolutely banging intro. This is going to be a beast!
Globby globby
Ah, I see Stefan, king of spoons, is making an appearance 👀🥄
🥄
Nice voice acting
@@over7532 Glob glob. He’s a globby globby artist 😉😁
I am so glad that people are paying more attention to Mesopotamia, it is the origin of the civilization not Egypt as a lot of people believe.
Both were equally important
If we're being accurate there is no distinct "Origin" of civilization. There were several, most of them geographically isolated form each other.
The prerequire intense centralized agriculture that allows the construction of cities, which are the distinct technology at the heart of civilization, developed independently in the fertile crescent, the Indus valley, China, Mesoamerica, South America, and more that I probably wouldn't even think of.
Positioning one of these over any others is how pseudo-historical dreck like Atlantis and ancient aliens gets a root; declaring one or another as the root of culture in cultural posturing and ignoring contradictions to that narrative, and proceeding to build an unsupported narrative off of that thesis that requires no actual proof from it's bought-in audience.
So while I will agree that all the cultures of this region should be understood as foundational to world history for several reasons, to declare them an origin is simplistic and damaging to nuanced understanding of prehistory and early history.
@@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526 Pre-dynastic egypt shows mesopotamian influence so I think it, mesopotamia, is really the origin. I'm an Egyptian so if I had bias in my opinion it would be the opposite of my statement.
@@bezbezzebbyson788 Ethiopia was before that....
@@Truthwins52 no evidence of this. The horn of africa was mostly pastarolists at the time. Mesopotomia really is the oldest civillization to our current knowledge
I read about Gilgamesh in my teens. I didn't meet anyone who knew who he was until I was in my 40s. Now almost everybody knows him. Reading is fundamental even if it takes awhile. I really am amazed by the strangest of things.
Like the tale of Gilgamesh, this video is timeless epic!
Actually, the Epic of Gilgamesh is shorter. 😖
My thoughts too.
If cy recommends this video that's good enough for me
Yankeedoo the sidekick
The video is literally 2 hours and12 minutes, what are you on about?
It's kind of shocking that we've never gotten a cinematic adaptation of Gilgamesh after all these years. I don't even necessarily mean a big budget Hollywood movie like Troy. Something like Armand Assante's Odyssey from the 90s could have also worked, that was a pretty good adaptation.
Please No, Hollywood destroys history
Hollywood would have to be careful. A lot of the Gilgamesh stories make it blatantly obvious that much of the Bible is cut and paste from the folk lore of many preexisting cultures and their gods. American Christian and Jewish populations would not be very happy to find out that what they see as 'the word of God' is just a collection of common tropes and plot lines, imported and appropriated to fit their own myth building requirements.
@@emdiar6588 100%
@@therealunclevanya Wouldn't quite call this story history.
@@emdiar6588 Eh, doesn't concern me lol.
The part where Gilgamesh and enkidu fight and then become friends is timeless and still true today! I made many friends after first fighting them.
😂
I’m pretty sure the fucked dude “loved as a wife” ?? They was friends they was fwb 😂
@@trippiehippie1253
They said, "No homo bro...." afterwards!
I haven't got into tons of fights in my life. But my best friend just happens to be the first guy I punched in the face back in grade school.
@Life's a Game and Aryans Won the Championship Salaam I Lakum
Those sweeping shots of Mesopotamia in the video, such an amazing part of the world. So beautiful. I hope the region has a future as bright and breathtaking as it's nature.
Afraid that won’t happen. It’s empires bones are so old, it is past decay, and more like a mummy.
@@fairweatherfriends. I think it might.
Once the value of oil dwindles there will be less reason to fight over it, or to destabilize regimes to gain access to the region which is how we got into the current mess.
@Mountain Nomad VFX By then, the ocean levels will have risen so much that we will have many other worries than archeological.
Thank the US for ruining the region
wite settlers have destroyed the region...
really psyched for this video. recently found histocrat and have been using him to fall asleep at night or just listen to as background noise. so soothing. and I reply some of these over and over again.
Me too lol
I do that FOR Voices of the Past and Bedtime Stories :)
I am doing that right now!
2am right now....usually out like a light having weird dreams because I'm half taking in what he's saying. Obviously today my brain wants to learn cos its not working
Kinda weird to say you use a historical doc to fall asleep. Were you never into it in the first place?
I want to thank you for all the time and energy you put into your documentaries. They are really enjoyable and make these topics a lot more accessible.
I’m 53, and hearing about the Epic of Gilgamesh for the first time. I am riveted.🤩✨✨✨
I'm your age, but Dungeons and Dragons taught me about Gilgamesh. It actually got me reading about deities from all over the world.
Are you sure the bible spoke of a character called Nimrod Gilgamesh and Nirod is the same person please reserch
Congrats.
Keep in mind that there were still lots of nomadic tribes wandering around at that time. Most people on Earth had not adopted agriculture yet. I think of Enkidu and the Epic of Gilgamesh as an exploration of the nature of being civilized, since it probably wasn't obvious back then which was the better way to live.
Always someone in the comment section who thinks they are a fucking genius lol
@@clebfelm4170 I don't think anything about this comment comes off as a person trying to sound like a genius. Their comment is a good reminder of what this period I'm time was like.
Hebrews are the ONLY people on Earth who most do not know their ancient origin. EVERYBODY ELSE DOES. Syrians know they are Syrians, Arabs know they are Arabs, Assyrians are the same. We have just covered most the Human groups. Japhetites know they are Japhetite, Hamites know they are Hamite, but some Semites, namely most the Hebrews - not so much... Frankly, we been the laughing stock of the world for over 2000 years! You can get your bachelors and you won't learn that in school.
@@clebfelm4170 the irony is that that person is you.
@@clebfelm4170 redditor spotted in the wild!
Beautifully written and presented, I'm sure I'll be watching this a few times to fully appreciate all the information presented. Thank you. Histocrat.
It's been less than a minute since upload and I already know that this is gonna be good.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu, best friends, just really close, good friends.
Really good friends who loved to wrestle
And they were roommates.
@@alssed5229 friends that loved to suck di-
The begining the homosexual rule...(Gilgy even have refused a Goddess of Love - ISHTAR... what a mysogine act
Gilgamesh is the original disaster bi
Gilgamesh Epos is for me the mother of all tales and sumer the most mysterious civilisation ever existed.
39:10 ruling a kingdom for 36,000 years sounds exhausting. That’s some dedication to a job.
Lol. Sure must be some mistranslations on how long people lived.
Differences in time keeping. Some Lunar, some count time as days since beginning of rule. Later on, annual time keeping...
Great job summarizing the available resources. Really enjoyed it.
Wow this brings up so many memories when I was deployed to Iraq. It was despite the danger as a student of history an exciting time for me to be in the Cradle of Civilization.
Have you watched generation kill?
@@tanveerhasan2382 unfortuantley yes lol. The Army was even dumber because we were there for 15 months lol.
Excellent, very well done. Thank you.
So, if one were to wildly oversimplify for the sake of a CZcams comment, the take-home message is: The prevalence of such stories is at the very least as much to do with the continuity of human thought and experience as any possible record of specific events.
When I 'see evidence' for something I must consider how much of what I 'see' is actually a reflection of myself, how much is the product of generations of people who have experienced the world just as I would, and how much is actually 'evidence' for a 'true' chain of events revealing something specific about the past.
I just can’t help but smile when I discover that the Histocrat has posted a new video!
The ending was amazing, unexpectatly emotional. I read the epic some time ago and liked it a lot but that helped me to get a deeper understanding! So thank you again for the great work!
You listened to this for a full 2 hours and saw the ending? I enjoy this story but I cannot handle 2 hours, so did you?
@@SORIKKUu Yeah i did. Not in one Session though.
@@paulhoffmann3405 oh ok
@@SORIKKUu I mean, I'm assuming aynone here is probably watching it. Who just comments on videos and doesn't watch it
The story of the great flood goes back to the earliest history of the Sumerians and was passed forward by word of mouth. One version of Sumerian history is that Neolithic people first migrated to the area of the basin of the Indian Ocean from Iraq. Some have said that the first Sumerians arrived by boat and interfaced with the Neolithic population bringing with them a more sophisticated way of life. Unlike the Akkadians, their language was significantly different than other people along the length of the Tigris and Euphrates. As the glaciation period ended 10,000 BC, global temperatures rose and over a period of 5,000 years sea levels increased by 120 meters - water spread out over the land 1 meter in length every three days. In response to the vast flood plain created by this change, the Sumerian population moved North eventually meeting up with the Akkadian’s. As they moved north, they carried with them the story of the great “flood” they themselves had experienced. When the temperature stabilized 5,000 BC, that’s when some of the great cities of the world began to develop. I suspect the story of Gilgamesh was passed on and enhanced along the way.
Nah the story spread from the far east. In China there is actually archaeological evidence for a great flood along the Yellow river, and the Chinese flood story shares elements from both the native American and the Middle Eastern one, which was written down long before any contact between these groups.
@@mver191 - the story of the the great flood, or floods, is historical to many groups of people. In this case, it is a reference to the Sumerians who also built the first great cities. As part of the discussion though, they are not certain where the people came from who entered the mouth of the T&E. Some report they came from India but they could just have well come from China. It seems they should be able to tell genealogically but I have heard nothing about that. We know with absolute certainly when glacial melt hit the area and we know with certainty the rate and timing of the increased flow of water over the land. I am familiar with the floods in North America that came as a result of glaciation and have read about the flooding of the Yellow river. I saw a wonderful report on North American flooding but I didn't think of it until now. I also saw a report comparing the spread of Homo sapiens across the world relative to climate and glaciation. I'll try to find a link to both. Very informative.
Blown away, thank you for your time and effort.
Thank you for your work. Love knowing more than I did before. Your storytelling, pace and voice are amazing.
One of the best documentarians on CZcams!
Not seen as good on tv even - but then we wouldn't, would we?
Your narration is so so much better now. I listened to about 5 min of the iceage Britain video from4 years ago and it was very different. Great job
What an amazing presentation! Thank you for putting this together!
Fantastic Video! Just finished and it defiently expanded on the Fall of civilizations podcast sumerian and Assyrian videos. Thanks for doing this.
Such a monumental undertaking to cover so much detailed history. Impressive! Thank you for this works!!
More like this, please! Superb video, I had no idea Gilgamesh was so influential.
That last line though! This was so well done and something I will continue to return to for lessons. Thank you for your efforts
I absolutely cherish your content. No other historian gets me this excited to explore our past.
Beautifully done! Enjoyed the journey.
Fantastic art, you added! It went very well with the narration!
Now a proud supporter of this channel! Amazing work
Awesome documentary. Thank you for uploading this
Great video, brilliant and fascinating work. Thank you.
Brilliant channel. Finding that all of your content is Educational, sourced, non -biased, straight to it. Frankly, I am learning more from you than any college course I have taken. Appreciated!.
It's nice to fill in all the bits and pieces of history I knew with this excellent Doc.
Excellent education. Smart how the commentator gives much accurate information without making personal assumptions about the content. Educational and interesting. Keep the Good work flowing!
This outstanding video contains a variety of noteworthy, Ancient Mesopotamian inspiring materials, which, in my humble view represents the sygnificance of unkowable oral traditions underlying all mythological and so-called religious myths. Finally, as described at the end of this production, Gilgamesh ironically, regardless of his sources, essentially attained his idealized search for immortality, given that his ethereal existence has been preserved throughout the folklore of most known civilizations... The Historcrat channel has outdone itself with this marvelous release. BRAVO!
It's not ironic if he planned it that way ☝️
@@kxkxkxkx Indeed, you may have a point...
Had to go back and like this video because I had a very specific question, and this video answered it in a very direct, no bullshit, no wasting my time type of way, and I really respect that!!
What an amazing work. Really amazing. Expertly exposed. Thank you so much for it
Thank you very much for making this video. Am grateful for the education and remain in awe of your capacity to dedicate yourself to such a complex story for our benefit. Am a subscriber from now on.
All the best with best regards.
This video should have x10 the views it has, supreme effort. And I thank all involved in its making. Jolly well done.
Awesome video. One of the best I’ve ever watched on CZcams up till now ❤
A wonderfully informative documentary, thank you.
Beats having a coiffed Giogrio saying ... "could it have been ancient aliens though?" .... every 5 minutes.
Yes,yes it damn sure does. I hate trying to sift through the BS on that channel.
Ancient aliens my a$$. They are called giants.
An extensive covering of some history I previously knew nothing about. Thanks again, Chuck.
Fantastic presentation 😳 Thank you!
Astounding documentary; you've outdone yourself!!
Obviously haven't finished this yet but a video examining the various flood myths and weighing their likeness and differences would be fascinating.
What is your definition of the word "myth."
@@edwardpeterson1634 the fact that other than tales and a few geological pieces, there are no facts revolving it.
Yes, yes..a comparison of the different flood events and myths would be great! Where the issue arise is will the info presented be factual..me personally..I believe the bible's acct as accurate. I'd like to see what the other stories claim
@@altonhall193 err, the Bible* story of "Noah's Flood" is a second hand retelling of the Epic of Gilgamesh (*which version of the Bible are you referring to?)
@@Rosegoldshawwty Because someone else told you so? I’d say investigate yourself before you throw out that claim friend
You've honestly created some of the most beautiful content on CZcams. Thanks a million for all the hard work.
Great content, very well put together and read. Thank you
Beautifully put together ❤️
Can't understand why history channels always show modern desolate middle eastern landscapes for the ancient Fertile Crescent. Seems ludicrous
Pure gold.
Love your content.
Love these stories and this history.
Thanks!👏👏👏
This was great. Thanks so much for the effort!
Your videos are simply excellent!
I can tell this took a lot of time to make, hats off
Feature length and quality content for free on CZcams? Thank you very much for your hard work! I will appreciate learning something new as I knew the name but not the story.
Excellent video. I feel educated, inspired, and stimulated!
The peace this brings me is so invaluable. I can let my worries go, thanks mate
1:57:45 I recall native Australians having an oral history dating back *10,000* years or so, to when the oceans rose at the end of the last ice age as previously accessible locations required swimming to reach or even became entirely submerged.
I suspect Gilgamesh is akin to King Arthur, a composite character who probably started off as an exceptional leader and through oral tradition slowly gained more prowess. Later tellers and scribes would contemporise the stories, so a scuffle between a tribal chief and a "wildman" stranger that caused significant damage to village tents and huts slowly becomes a monumental battle that shakes the foundations of a city. In my opinion any "real" Gilgamesh would be prehistorical, living before the invention of writing.
The documentary the real eve talks about following genetics back to one person
@@anshadedavana Unnecessary to mention. You are acting like the annoying religious types who feel the need to shove their ideas into other's faces.
@@anshadedavana I doubt we will ever know if there was a man or man prophet named yeshua, yashua whatever, who later became considered divine or if he was developed to hang gnostic tales upon. Certainly some of aspects of his life were told in older religions elsewhere, and 'born of a virgin', reference to three days and more were relevant to teaching the movements of the sun (son) and stars. Still there may have been a man of that name which these stories were attached to in the Near East.
@@anshadedavana Garden of Eden ; a landowners property, and they worked on it as slaves or surfs until they did what he expressly told them not to do.
Lilith was Adam's first wife. Where in the bible are we told where she came from or what happened to her after she reputedly refused to have sex with him and left?
he scuffled him like his wife....
Excellent Video! Well researched and Well presented.🙂
How comprehensive,in depth and vivid...thank you so much for your excellent work. George Smith,bless his heart would be very proud and ecstatic for your efforts. Much appreciated.🎉❤
There's nothing I like to see more than a description or pinned comment full of academic references. :)
Who does your illustrations? They're fantastic.
I truly appreciate the work you've done on this one. I know just how tangled the history of this tale is coz I've been trying to work it out myself for years, not in any academic way though. And my favourite part has always been the bitter irony about him gaining a form of immortality. Keep up the good work and stay safe.
Everything you think you know about Jesus? Are simply, again, parts from many other myths, for example... Noah and the flood story in Genesis are nearly the same stories we find in Ancient mythology, long before Genesis, with the Gilgamesh story? (Gilgamesh) came from Babylon - hundreds of years before the Bible was even written.
1. Asklepios healed the sick, raised the dead, and was known as the saviour and redeemer.
2. Hercules was born of a divine father and mortal mother, and was known as the saviour of the world.
3. Dionysus was literally the “Son of God”, was born of a woman who had not had sex with a man, and was depicted riding a donkey. He was a travelling teacher who performed miracles, and was killed and resurrected, after which time he became immortal.
4. Osiris did the same things. He was born of a virgin, was considered the first true king of the people, and when he died he rose from the grave and went to heaven.
5. Osiris’s son, Horus, was known as the “light of the world”, “The good shepherd”, and “the lamb”. He was also referred to as, “The way, the truth, and the life.” His symbol was a cross-like symbol.
6. Mithra’s birthday was celebrated on the 25th of December, his birth was witnessed by local shepherds who brought him gifts, had 12 disciples, and when he was done on earth he had a final meal before going up to heaven. On judgment day, he’ll return to pass judgment on the living and the dead. The good will go to heaven, and the evil will die in a giant fire. His holiday is on Sunday (he’s the Sun God). His followers called themselves “brothers”, and their leaders “fathers”. They had baptism and a meal ritual where symbolic flesh and blood were eaten. Heaven was in the sky, and hell was below with demons and sinners.
7. Krishna had a miraculous conception that wise men were able to come to because they were guided by a star. After he was born, an area ruler tried to have him found and killed. His parents were warned by a divine messenger, however, and they escaped and were met by shepherds. The boy grew up to be the mediator between God and man.
8. Buddha’s mother was told by an angel that she’d give birth to a holy child destined to be a saviour. As a child, he teaches the priests in his temple about religion while his parents look for him. He starts his religious career at roughly 30 years of age, and is said to have spoken to 12 disciples on his deathbed. One of the disciples is his favourite, and another is a traitor. He and his disciples abstain from wealth and travel around, speaking in parables and metaphors. He called himself “the son of man” and was referred to as, “prophet”, “master”, and “Lord”. He healed the sick, cured the blind and deaf, and he walked on water. One of his disciples tried to walk on water as well but sunk because his faith wasn’t strong enough.
9. Apollonius of tyana (a contemporary of Jesus) performed countless miracles (healing sick and crippled, restored sight, cast out demons, etc.) His birth was of a virgin, foretold by an angel. He knew scripture really well as a child. He was crucified, rose from the dead and appeared to his disciples to prove his power before going to heaven to sit at the right hand of the father. He was known as, “The Son of God”.
The problem, of course, is that these previous narratives existed hundreds to thousands of years before Jesus did. LOL
@@hotstepper887 you sound like you're trying to find the original proto story too. And thank you for the most insightful reply I've ever had on Yt.
@@jackwilliams4087
I do find it fascinating, that in 2021, we've still got people among us, who still haven't worked out it's impossible for any God to exist? And furthermore, that if any higher power does exist?, then it must be and can only be the devil?
The religious never have any interest in anything that shows the rest of us the clear truth and the reality of their religions, they even deny scientific facts?, claiming those PROVEN scientific facts, are not facts?
Yet they do believe every other scientific fact, it's only the facts that prove all they believe in to be false, they're unwilling to accept?
And that, again, is just another indication of the level of intelligence we really are dealing with, with these people today.
They all want to live in denial of anything we do know, that can be seen as proving to them, that what they believe in can't exist, like a God?
They will even try to deny 100% categorical PROOF! Proof that they're not believing in any God at all, but are, and can only be, believing in, and following, the devil.
They'll even deny this after I've proven it, or they'll not answer it, or answer it, with some of the most bizarre and backward comments you could ever imagine. As you'll see...
To work this out, really isn't rocket science either, common sense is good enough! You only need to ask the right questions, to prove it to yourself. And prove it categorically, conclusively, leaving you in no doubt whatsoever. Like this?
Both Christianity and Islam's, most fundamental belief is... That God is the Sovereign Creator, upholder, and ruler of the universe. And that he is eternal (ever lasting), omnipotent (having unlimited power), omniscient (knows everything), and omnipresent (is everywhere).
Well okay, only with just (three very simplistic, easy to understand, questions), I'll now prove that what they all claim they believe in, can't be a God? But CAN only be the devil, as it's actually impossible for it to be a God? You only need to ask these (three very simplistic, easy to understand, questions) to yourself, to prove this to yourself? Questions like this...
1. If the so-called God/Allah (controller and ruler of everything) is willing to prevent evil? But not able to prevent evil? Then it is not “omnipotent” (having unlimited power), proving it is no God. Do you understand that?
2. If the so-called God/Allah (controller and ruler of everything) is able to prevent evil? But not willing to prevent evil? Then it is “malevolent” (having or showing a wish to do evil to others), proving it is no God. Do you understand that?
3. If the so-called God/Allah (controller and ruler of everything) is able to prevent evil? And is willing to prevent evil? Then why is there evil?
Now, because there is evil in this world, proves it's actually impossible for there to be a God! Because, If there is a God, who is omnipotent (having unlimited power). And is not malevolent, (wanting to do harm to others). There would be no Evil? Do you understand this?
This categorically, conclusively, leaving you in no doubt whatsoever that if any higher power does exist, then it can only be, and must be the devil!.
Think about it?, use your own minds, this proves that to be the case. You only need to ask those questions yourself, to prove it to yourselves. And do you know what else? It doesn't actually matter if they think so or not?, as this is proof that they can only be following, and believing in, the devil. So, whether they like it or not, or whether they think so or not, is actually irrelevant, as this proves that's exactly what they're following.
Now, you'll see some religious person, try to tell me, that those (three very simplistic, easy to understand, questions), are not valid? Why? Because God is the all mighty, the all powerful, so my meaningless questions aren't worthy of a response, as my own intelligence, is not great enough to ever question any of God's motives! (the same God, I've just proven is impossible to exist, mind you) LMAO.
So, the reality is?, that all of a sudden, those (three very simplistic, easy to understand, questions), actually become questions, that the religious will tell you, you need 6 degrees and a doctorate in religious history, to be able to ask? LOL
@@jackwilliams4087 These religious still can't prove what they all claim they believe in, even exists? They've had over 2000 years, to come up with just one thing?. One single thing, that conclusively proves all they believe in, to be true?. 2000+ years man!
And after many of mankind's greatest minds, have studied, researched, and looked for something, anything at all, to prove this myth? And yet all have come up with absolutely nothing, not one single thing in over 2000 years?
Yet the religious will tell you, that God sent his own son (born to a virgin mother), to earth, to teach and to prove to mankind of his father's existence, right?. So, am I missing something here?
Why aren't the religious all asking, where is this proof of his father's existence? We have none? So let's just stop and think here for a minute?
Now, how can these people, who all "claim" they really do believe, do so, without ever seeing any proof? The truth is something all of us know, really, as we all have our very own inquisitive minds, so we all know that it's actually impossible for anyone of us to really believe a word of it? Because our very own human minds will always be nagging away at us, asking for the proof to believe it. It will never stop nagging away at us, demanding the proof to believe it, It's actually known as a "human trait". And all of us know this fact!
We humans, never believe anything at all, without first having proof. You can think about anything we, as humans, do, in this world? And you'll always come to find we only ever believe what we can prove. We never believe anything at all without first having it proven. Not ever! And we all know this? What we always do, is we prove what we think, before we ever believe it, right?.
We take any “theory” and we try to prove that theory, If we can prove that theory, then that theory becomes a scientific fact. If, on the other hand, we can't prove our theory, we never just believe it? It would be complete madness to do so.
The amount of catastrophic mistakes we'd have already made, by not requiring proof to believe something, would have seen us making huge, enormous, catastrophic mistakes, we'd of perished long ago.
So this should show anyone, (who actually thinks about it). That these religious people, are all actually liars? Think about it?
They're all people that don't really believe it, as explained above, it's impossible for them to really believe it. So why do we see these people so prepared to lie about this?
It's obvious really?, these people are actually scared that if they're wrong?, and if a God does exist?, they think they might be sent to hell for all eternity. So we watch them, and read them, all lie through their teeth about their own so-called belief?.
They can't think much of their God?, who they say is omniscient (knows everything), if they think he won't know the truth, and know they're lying LOL. If we could put every religious person on a lie detector test today, and ask them outright, if they believe?, not one, not even the Pope himself would pass.
The religious go about things in a remedial, nonsensical way, they make no sense, none, not even a little sense. If we can't prove something, we don't ever simply just believe it, man. Especially something you want to live your own life following?.
That's actually no different from following a lunatic who claims he comes from the Sun! It's no different from believing in Santa Claus! Except believing in Santa, doesn't cause war, murder, hate and loathing between mankind? No, only religion manages to do that.
@@jackwilliams4087 My biggest question has always been the same.. Why can't the religious ever answer anything meaningful, with anything sensible? Why did all those people, over two thousand years ago, get to meet God's son Jesus Christ? They all saw him perform his miracles to educate & prove to mankind the existence of his holy father, God. Well now, that's really not very fair or very nice, is it? I want to see some miracles and drink that water he turned to wine, I'd so love to walk on water too, but we get nothing, they all got to see! Why not any of us? Do we smell, or does this God just not like us?
Because, do you know, and this is amazing, but do you know, that not a single one of those stupid people from 2000+ years ago, even thought to make any records of such incredible wonders? Not a single one? But the idiots made notes and records about boring things, like how many loaves of bread they were able to bake in a day? But the miracles of Jesus Christ himself? ... Nothing, no records, no notes, no drawings, no carvings, no statues or any references mentioning him from anyone of the time? Isn't that simply remarkable?
You'd simply have to believe, that, rather than teaching mankind of his father's existence, he's gone out of his way, to hide, and leave absolutely no evidence of his own existence, let alone any evidence of his father, God? Nothing, not a single thing? Zip, nothing, nada, nowt?. Now, that really is what we could call a miracle! I guess, maybe, he could have just changed his mind? LOL.
So, for a God who sent his own son, (born to a virgin mother), to teach us, and prove to us all, of his father God? We have to be honest, and say, he sure did a magnificent job of hiding every single last detail of proof he existed. LOL! Two WHOLE thousand years later, and after some of mankind's greatest minds, have studied, have researched, for something, anything at all, to prove this myth, and yet all, have come up with absolutely nothing, not a thing, zero, squat, nada, nothing?.
Tell me, where is all this love, all this forgiveness, all this compassion for your fellow man? It's driven people mad looking for something, anything at all, 2000+ years, and NOTHING? LOL! Yet they all suck it all up, and actually believe it? Or you know, so they say?, LOL. That's actually quite Incredible, shocking, in fact! LOL.
And then, well then, they even have the audacity, to suggest that anyone who does not believe, are sinners? That's insulting! Absolutely hilarious LOL, I mean seriously, the level of intelligence in this world today, is simply appalling. LOL.
The religious are a special kind of disturbed human, they don't want to believe, that when we die, we do die?, no, they want to believe they're off to some glorious palace in the sky, to lounge around on a sunbed being fed grapes, while listening to an angel strumming a Harp, or something as utterly bizarre.
And these religious people are simply something else in their attitude? I mean, they've the nerve to look down on anyone who may question their religion, and therefore their belief? Oh, they really hate that, just so much!!
Yet, truth be told, none of them knows their arse from their elbow?, on the one hand, they preach how God created the earth, mankind etc, and how this gentle God of good, insists on things, like, help thy neighbour, compassion, love and forgiveness. Yet on the other hand, they'll tell you that not believing is a sin, and they'll tell you that you'll go to hell when you die, to serve the brutal unforgiving Devil as his slave.
They say you'll suffer pain, like no human has ever suffered pain before, (and have you ever noticed when you see them all saying those things, they all say it with a little delight in their voice and a glint in their eye)? Nice thing they all believe in, right? Oh, yes, all jolly, and just so nice!
Well I'm sorry, but it has to be said, for me?, If their God can offer zero proof of his existence, yet I thought that's why he 'apparently' sent his son Jesus to earth, to teach mankind of his father, God's existence? Yet will then punish all non-believers, and punish them all in such a brutal, nasty, vicious, barbaric, and sadistic way? For merely believing what they see with their own eyes?, and what they learn with their own individual brain?, or for using their very own inquisitive mind (the religious say God gave us)?.
Then that is seriously no God I'd want to know! I mean, really, just how sadistic and screwed up is that? And these religious people believe in that? Okay, look, do you think there's something mentally wrong with them all, maybe?
I'm not religious, but I do have a belief. I believe that mankind's own imagination, is the only limitless thing known to man, without imagination we would cease to exist, the greater the imagination, the more advanced mankind becomes, until mankind himself, destroys himself. That's what I believe!
You don't need gods, devils, murders, wars, or to be full of hate towards anyone, or any other type/kind of religion, to believe in that? No, you only require common sense!
I also believe that all the religious people in this world today need to be sectioned under the Mental Health Act of 1977, as without any doubt at all, they're all clearly insane!
Yet these ever so intelligent religious people, have not stopped killing, slaying, and murdering each other, (and over something as childish and juvenile) as “whose religion is right, or whose is wrong”?, since it began!
Now seriously, just how satanic is that? 2000+ years of murder, war, destruction, and savagery for that? They're all very sick people indeed.
good stuff, quality research with a passion and reservation! thumbs up, both
I finally finished the video, and man, I really enjoyed it!
I wonder how many people know that lions once roamed all of the middle east.
Wonderful in-depth coverage of this most important and forgotten age!
Thank you so much. Your work here is a great gift to all of us.
i first heard about this from Dr Irvin Finkel's lectures. i still find this so fascinating that i'd watch documentaries on this again and again~!
You are correct that the Epic of Gilgamesh is from the Sumerians, but some of the god names you used ~ Shamash and Ishtar, for example ~ are Babylonian (a thousand years later). Those names should be Utu and Inanna. Just FYI.
A better history lesson than anything I experienced in college
Excellent documentary. Thanks for enlighting us
This channel deserves an award. I am thinking of putting together the Battle of Tskhinvali in such a format.
Thank you very much for that video - an epic in itself! It was most interesting and so well illustrated. Hope that's only one of many from you. All the best for your next one!
Enormous, Perfection, Inspired, Creativity, in other words, EPIC.
I think this may be my 3rd watch of this. One of my favorite pieces if content on one of my favorite topics.
Great video , well done, really enjoyed it . Thanks !!
Thank you for this detailed and fascinating video. It's amazing how much archaeologists manage to try to piece together disparate events from such comparitively small and vague pieces of evidence. I wonder what new information, corrections, etc. that future findings may reveal about the Mesopotamian cradle of civilization. Thank you again!
God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)
A succinct excellent exploration of Gilgamesh! Very well done!
excellent program! thanks!
I cleaned my whole flat while listening to this. What a mammoth of a documentary. Thank you!
Been a very long time since I’ve left the house,coming up on 1 year soon,my anxiety levels are high and I’ve been depressed for a long time,maybe been 10 years since my suicide attempt,it’s hard bro.but now I have at least 2 hours for you to go into depth with something I’m really interested in,thanks man
You gotta get out bro, even if it's just to take a walk by yourself, I've barely left my house at all the past 2 years now (and dealt with depression for most of my 40 years on this planet) but I always feel a lil bit better when I do get out even if I don't go anywhere in particular, it just helps to have your view change
@@xp8969 went for the walk today was tough,but I’m going to be talking to somebody on Monday to maybe help me find a place or room to stay,thanks mate I thought nobody would even read this,I’m coming up to 29 years here on the 19th of this month,but I also hope you will take care of yourself sir
Stay strong listen to loud music and shout loudly you will feel better. The caveman part of your brain is giving your crippling anxiety because you are living in an odd future and it’s very hard to handle. You are doing brilliantly simply by sharing a post on CZcams you are asking for help and wanting to get better. Be strong dude.
@@Neuri last time I had a mental breakdown and let it out,my family called the police and ambulance came took me to the mental ward,but you know brother I’m ready for the challenge,just need to get a place to stay and hopefully go on from there man, much love sir,Godspeed brother
@@juzzisapollii7316 have you tried lifting weights?
I always though that the classical Gilgamesh tale was done in the Third Ur dynasty and was, once again, done by the genious babylonians. While most adventures may have originated in Sumer, the babylonians made this tale epic, just like they did with their Enuma Elish
The *genius* Babylonians came into the picture around 4,350 years ago. Gilgamesh was already part of the historical narrative by that time, and according to this video, was described as early as 4,500 years before present.
This documentary is just what I needed for my brain right now.
Hello Charles, this is Carlos here. Thank you so much for this video. Keep up the good work Subscribed.