Loose Ends: String Theory and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory
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- čas přidán 7. 05. 2024
- Thirty-five years ago string theory took physics by storm, promising the coveted unified theory of nature’s forces that Einstein valiantly sought but never found. In the intervening decades, string theory has brought a collection of mind-boggling possibilities into the lexicon of mainstream thinking-extra dimensions of space, holographic worlds, and multiple universes. Some researchers view these developments as symptoms of string theory having lost its way. Others argue that string theory, although very much still a work in progress, is revealing stunning new qualities of reality. Join leading minds in theoretical physics for a whirlwind ride through the twists and turns of string theory-its past, its future, and what it tells us about the search for the universe’s final theory.
PARTICIPANTS: Marcelo Gleiser, Michael Dine, Andrew Strominger
MODERATOR: Brian Greene
MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND
PARTICIPANTS: www.worldsciencefestival.com/...
This program is part of the BIG IDEAS SERIES, made possible with support from the JOHN TEMPLETON FOUNDATION.
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TOPICS
0:00 - Introduction
3:54 - Program introduction
5:40 - Marcelo Gleiser introduction
6:26 - Unification of electricity and magnetism
10:30 - Unification of space and time
13:49 - Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity
18:38 - Standard model of particle physics
21:56 - Supersymmetry
26:14 - The Island of Knowledge
32:01 - Godel’s Incompleteness Theorems
34:27 - String Theory explainer film
37:07 - Michael Dine introduction
38:35 - Supersymmetry and the spectrum of particles
42:18 - Large Hadron Collider
44:57 - Extra dimensions of space
50:34 - Dark energy and multiple universes
56:40 - Progress since the 1980s and the future of particle physics
59:55 - Andrew Strominger introduction
1:00:53 - Einstein and black holes
1:03:59 - The black hole information paradox
1:07:30 - Stephen Hawking’s insights into black holes
1:12:00 - Using string theory to understand black holes
1:19:33 - Conformal symmetry
1:22:48 - Andrew Strominger’s view of string theory
CREDITS
- Produced by Laura Dattaro
- Associate Produced by Peter Goldberg
- Editing and Animation by Josh Zimmerman
- Music provided by APM
- Additional images and footage provided by: Getty Images, Shutterstock, Videoblocks, Event Horizon Telescope
- Recorded at NYU Skirball Center - Věda a technologie
Hello, CZcamsrs. The World Science Festival is looking for enthusiastic translation ambassadors for its CZcams translation project. All you need is a Google account to get started. Here is a link to Loose Ends: String Theory and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory so you can see how it works: czcams.com/users/timedtext_video?ref=share&v=YSWd21z2qqE All you need to do is type along with the video and save when done. Here is another link to check out the full list of programs that you can contribute to. czcams.com/users/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCShHFwKyhcDo3g7hr4f1R8A&tab=2 At the WSF we want to to cultivate a world informed by science and inspired by its wonder. With your contributions you can introduce science to a whole new world.
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wasn't the detection of gravitational waves produced by the collision of two neutron stars ruled out (at least for now) the idea of additional dimension?
if additional dimension(s) exists, the gravitational waves weaken at the rate of 1/r^(n-1), so if there is, let say 1 additonal dimension, th gravitational waves should be weakened at the rate of 1/r^3,
however, measurement from those collision shows that the gravitational waves weaken at the rate of 1/r^2, which basicaly agree with newtonian mechanic,
i saw this from pbs space time channel on their episode on detecting additinal dimensions,
moreover, i am just physics enthusiast, not even amateur physicist, so please correct or update me regarding this matter,
many thanks
@@mgilangr9883 that has nothing to do with their post here. If you love astrophysics, why can't you see that there's a time and a "space" for everything?
This post is about translations. If you can't follow these simple rules of the internet, how can you possibly keep up with the rules of the universe and come to any right conclusion?
The scientific method must be applied in everything. It can't be second nature. It must be your only nature.
I have begun to translate this chapter into Spanish, but it is quite a huge undertaking, so I beg for your help. Thank you.
@@m_i_g_5108 nice.
What we don’t know...we don’t know ....is such a profound insight....i am from 1950, and what an incredible ride it has been over these almost 70 years....how exiting to be alive ...and what a privilege to share in some of these incredible new discoveries and insights...the infinite intellect and talent out there is beyond understanding
Lol... NEW insights? You're about 10, 000 years too late.
Much respect.
Absolutely. So humbled .
Human love ❤️ too youu
@@iambeing3305 there have been various changes in society and technology since the 50s...this person literally lived through the aids epidemic, so I fail to see why you think there have been no new insights in the past 70 years.
Brian Green has to be the best at explaining complex ideas.
It's amazing how simple he makes it.
Because it IS simple. There's nothing difficult about their theory. It's a bust though. There are no "curled up extra dimensions" in our reality. They're all just chasing their tails.
@@djtbone001a people's understanding of 'dimensions' is pathetic. Earth is a dimension. One dimension
@@iambeing3305 A dimension is simply a direction of free movement... As far as I know, we experience three spatial dimensions (up/down, right/left, front/back) and not one of them is "Earth", though earth has at least three.
Another dimension just means another direction for motion, which isn't that out-of-the-box idea, either (: it's kind of freaky and contradictory to our observable, relative world, but isn't breaking what we take to be the truth part of learning?
...but his last guest had to be the worst at explaining it.
John Smith yeah he’s good I like him
As a business management student who has never had an applicable need to take science courses beyond the general requirements, these free lectures about the most important breakthroughs in science mean so much to those who are curious novices
Wow Brian Green is no less than the scientists he is interviewing. His dramatic explanation of the string theory makes it so simple. Feel so blessed having all these great minds think for us. God bless
He is 'explaining' theories, which is why it's called Theoretical Science, not Science means true and the same goes for Theoretical Physics. -marc27, The Truth Finder
Think for yourself
Respect for doubting his lifetime works. Thats real science, the search for the truth and an open mind
Gayy. Science is fake news.😠😠 God is the answer.
@@cloudridermrbliss7085 What proof of God do you have?
@@cloudridermrbliss7085 Saying that God is the answer doesn't help. We need some good evidence that there is an omnipotent being that exists.
The more I listened to this beautiful forum the more I conclude that there's God: all this complexity can't happen without an Almighty designer-God. Suggestion: all the world scientists should come together and fast for 40 days and, sincerely beg God for the understanding of these complexities of His creation. God will definitely help us all to know how he did it. The first speaker was right: just as we find the unification equation, there'll be even too many questions than before to solve. God is always far above humans. Praise God.
@@danielamoako3065 im an atheist but I also dont rule out that there may be something Godlike in our universe. We cannot say for sure how our universe came to be. We can explain the timeline but pyhsics breaks down when we get close to the start of the universe. There may be a higher being somewhere. Although if so I dont think it affects life on earth.
Love this format of 1-2-1...what a great discussion...Brian is so great as a (mega) knowledgeable host and allowing his brilliant guests to talk...it is truly inspiring and amazing to think we humans (at least some of us) know so much so far.. science is just so astounding...Thank you for bringing this to us, the general public.
The secret of ultimately understanding the universal complexity lies in our understanding the quantum field, which holds the secret of dark matter, dark energy, inflation, gravity, space time, etc. But physicists are way behind and doesn't seem to give due importance, except Maldacena, Nima and a few others.
Very well stated. Agree all the way.
@@HardDie I think cosmic consciousness reside in the QF and can self-simulate intelligent 'observer', collapsing the field into particles/strings, creating the universe and life, so man and god are entangled.
Eastern mystics discovered thousands of years ago "...None of the properties of any part of the web is fundamental; they all follow from the properties of any of the other parts, and the overall consistency of their inter-relations determines the structure of the entire web". [The Tao of Physics].
Naimul Haq. Look at Loop Quantum Gravity, it is a real quantum theory of gravity, in 3 dim and 1 time, no unphysical dimensions, no BS landscape, and exact quantum states of volume and area, as you would expect in quantised General Relativity. The can even describe the quantum states of a Black Hole event horizon. Google any lecture by Lee Smolin or Carlo Rovelli. String theory is a failed theory, all they can say is it helps then do some calculation in ordinary particle physics.
Don’t hold your breath, the scientific method will never tell you about any mystical properties of quantum mechanics.
I love this format. Well-produced introduction, for one. Also, in this conversational way, the interviewer can focus on the quality of the conversation instead of the distribution of time among a panel of participants. I bet that’s exactly why you decided to do this. Also, I LOVE an interviewer who is an expert in the field *and* is quite aware of the interplay between them, their guest, and the audience. They will know what to ask to guide both guest and audience to a truly informative and enjoyable conversation. ‘Lay’ interviewers tend to - sometimes understandably - interrupt too many times as they didn’t know what to ask in the first place, only to realise halfway their guest’s answer they should have asked something else first, inadvertently halting their guest’s train of thought, only to interrupt for a ‘let’s go back a step’ question. So... I love this. Well done!
Bbc nobel prize
Listened to this 30 times! Absolutely fascinating and so informative. What a great format! More of these Brian please!!! Less is more! Too many physics debates with too many participants. This was simply superb!
To each his own - I like more participants who may not agree with one another - we get a different perspective & that is good
Andrew Strominger perfectly describes a black hole through string theory, the best explanation I have ever heard. I might add that strings of quantum physics make up the walls of a black hole which defines the wormhole which is empty or hollow, allowing information to fall through it into extra dimensions. Information is not contained inside a black hole but merely passes through it.
Time stamp?
Love the update on String Theory. Especially Brian's illustration of String Theory for those new to the subject.
String theory may be true, but maybe knot.
Knot that's funny, albert pick up your Planck it time to be relevant in 26 dimensions
😹😹😹
😆
It’s the stupidest thing to ever be imagined. These people are the best of con artists. Schools teach this garbage.
@@Wasssssuppppppp6869 You sound strung out :-)
Wow, so many years ago I've read Marcelo's and Brian's books and by chance got into this video, so great when physicists are devoted to further the interest in physics and science
He is 'explaining' theories, which is why it's called Theoretical Science, not Science means true and the same goes for Theoretical Physics. -marc27, The Truth Finder
@@marcdouglasvogt7167 A theory in science isn't just a tentative ideology, it's regarded as the highest possible descriptive model of some phenomenon (above hypotheses and prostulates).
I love these World Science Festival talks and Dr. Brian Greene is an exceptional host/moderator. Coupled with the presentations by the Royal Institute, I spend half the night as an enthusiastic listener.
In following many of these debates, i‘ve come to the conclusion, that quantum physics and the relativity theory are like electricity and programming of a system, they need each other, but on a differeent level.
So good to hear from Bob Balaban about string theory. I had no idea he was such an expert.
I like the epistemological undertones of this ...I often muse on the chance mathematical descriptions of reality speak more about our desire to communicate ideas and our sapen inclinations for pattern recognition and the need to bend nature into descriptive terms
Top notch. Great the way Brian pulls ‘me ‘, the non physicist, into an intelligent conversation instead of dumbing things down. It’s reminiscent of the high standards of Scientific American back in the 1950’s and 60’s. It's a positive that there’s a ravenous hunger by an educated public for ‘more’.
I really enjoyed the third conversation with Andrew Strominger, he seems extremely passionate about his work and has very respectable ideas, fantastic video
Thank you for the subtitles. You don't realise what a big deal this is for me. Lots of your previous videos didn't have any.
33:20 for amazing clip explaining basis of string theory
That’s easy, String theory is a failed theory.
Thank you! Quite helpful!
They have all the good talks from the festival on ice. Glad to see another one finally!
I really like this one-at-a-time discussion format much better than the panel discussions. Any one of them could just give the whole lecture at this basic (for them) level, so the panel discussions seemed so overkill. This one-at-a-time moves really well.
It’s time for The World Science Festival to get little side tables or something suitable for their drinks. Drinks on the floor should be beyond them by now. Great discussions as always. And of course, a superb job done by Brian Greene and the entire World Science Festival.
needs more answers lmao
This was a beautiful conversation. Absolutely loved it.
I like how comfortable Michael is. He really enjoys that chair. 😂
Yea, but he crosses his legs like a woman.
@@whtfsh765, yeah, I've never understood how anyone can do that. I watched this interview advice thing one time saying that was better than putting your ankle on your knee because it looks tacky. Ok, guess I'll squish my nuts and get this job ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
I feel it is fascinating that the Strominger grop, as far as I understood, arrived at exactly the same equation as Hawking regarding the black hole, but along a completely different path. I feel this is a very strong hint that the string theory, as applied by them, is correct. Otherwise, it seems like a miracle coincidence!
Understanding compex things in simple and easy way is the art of genius. Brian Greene is creating environment to understand everything scientifically and eliminating superstitions .
I can imagine 9 dimensions. 3 positive dimensions, 3 negative dimensions, and 3 imaginary dimensions. Only, I need 9 beers.
Or a few tabs of acid :)
surely 3x3x3 beers = manyzz dimensions
or a glass of cowpiss
I like to think that these theoretical physics experts are far, far more brilliant than me.
They are in the middle of a field of work few in the general public are privy too or able to readily discuss. They are skilled in advanced mathematics. They are curious, skeptical, insightful. They are persistent and hopeful. Is that part of your definition of brilliance?
@@gbigsangle3044
That will do nicely! Thanks! Well said. GBigs!
Your comment is EXACTLY why knowledge is sparse and often a lie. Who exactly told you that you can't know things? You did. Where does knowledge and truth come from? Truth is. Knowledge is. You need to simply tune into it
@@iambeing3305
Thanks IAM BEING!!
I used to believe they had brilliance beyond comprehension. I have very recently changed my mind. I think we are selling ourselves short. High level math can be intimidating, but that is mostly what these guys are talented at. Think about the word that precedes the word “physics” in their title?... the word is “theoretical”. The rest is basically imagination combined with an incredible amount of curiosity to drive the discipline needed to concentrate for very long periods of time. So if that is a component of intelligence then I don’t think they are anywhere near rare. What is slowing the results is that there are not nearly enough people pursuing answers. My “theory” is that 99.9% of the population are assuming they could never be “qualified” enough to contribute.
i was lost in the depths of CZcams doom scrolling madness when, once again, the World Science Festival channel liberated me from my agony
One of the best programs hosted by Brian Green. Very enlightening to say the least.
Could these tiny dimensions be where a new universe has branch of from ours and the extra dimensions is where they connect in a multiverse view?
No that science fiction
Entirely a realistic possibility 🤔
The fact that you have vibrating strings, suggest that there are unknown forces influencing the string structure.
Indeed. Nothing sits still in nature, ever. Whence comes this impetus for constant movement? It is a universal driver. What is universal, behind everything, powers everything, has inherent power and ‘just is’?
@@andrewkemp70 I k. Bj
@@andrewkemp70 j lii lkolo
@Leonard ; @Andrew ; Could that be the Higgs field influencing or vibrating the strings?
Why is it that no matter what I fall asleep to on youtube to, I wake up in the middle of the night to this video?
The Universe is counting on you, to unify Gravitation and Quantum Mechanics! Or CZcams doesnt work haha.
Absolutely riveting to listen to these great theorists describing their life's work. I really appreciated the intellectual honesty that Greene has about the potential implications for string theory based on the lack of experimental observation of these supersymmetrical particles so far. The second gentleman was also pretty honest about his surprise that the Higgs was actually found, although I was not clear about what the Higgs portends for string theory persay. Thanks so much to Mr. Greene for enlightening we the general public through these superb presentations. The world is better for it.
The string theorists were expecting that the energy of the Higgs particle would be significantly different from what's predicted by QFT, which would make QFT kinda incomplete and provide more strength to the String Theory implications. Unfortunately, both experiments looking for Higgs Boson found it in the exact range predicted by QFT, which makes String Theory that much more shaky.
If theoretical physicists are looking for something to work on, they should move to Cosmology. That's where there's real unsolved problems; and give up on this 21 dimension multiple universe nonsense.
The world is a gigantic escape room and we gotta figure this shit out to escape it or die trying , either works.
Exactly.
The "String Theory Explainer Film" was perfect
Explain please!
@@SaRa-cs5nc What he probably means is that animations look cool. One problem though: they don't give an actual understanding of the subject matter, not even close. It's like saying that computers move ones and zeroes around and showing corresponding animations. Well, yeah, they do, but how does that help understand how and why programs work, and how we are able to communicate on CZcams? I guess this surface-level animation stuff works for kids :) Sadly there is no hint of children-oriented content in the title.
@@bytefu Ohhh 😄 !! Get it!
@@bytefu LOL, for kids, you know shit or you'd be in this video on stage talking to Greene not here commenting, dipshit
@ 😂😂
While describing special relativity at about 13:50, Brian says "space and time work together so that the speed of light is the same" for all (inertial) observers. It's actually deeper than that. It's not just the speed of light that's constant. Using the speed of light c as the conversion factor between units of length and units of time, the speed of everything (including light) through 4-dimensional spacetime is the same as the speed of light through 3-dimensional space. That result follows from the equation for the Twins Paradox and an application of the Pythagorean theorem. The faster anything moves through 3D space, the slower it ages, and applying the Pythagorean theorem shows that the length of the 4D hypotenuse is constant. Some corollaries: (1) Light doesn't age. (2) A motionless object ages at the speed c. (3) Nothing can travel through 3D space faster than light (unless it's aging at an imaginary rate, which is assumed to be impossible).
Thanks. Precious video. By the way, the formula on hawking's grave is for the temperature of the black hole which is related to the entropy formula. Once again, thanks for videos like this.
great idea to talk with each person individually to keep the conversation moving the way intended
Wow - Brian as orange tree magician was wonderfully made
Congratulations to the team !!!
Dr. Briane Greene makes the discussion of some highly complicated topics so lucid and interesting!
44:57 in case someone is wondering about the professor's footwear these are Merrell Alverstone hiking shoes. Just bought me a pair actually, i'd say very comfy and plush inside, while stiff sole makes it great for bike riding, and love the ventilation mesh too.
I thought Brians bottle became invisible at 7:35 at first :P
One particle or stream of energy theory fits in rather well with quantum mechanics.
Thank you very much .
I think that the 4th dimension is observed through telepathy. That's how you could see an object in more than 3 demons. Any one agree or disagree?
Bees have been communicating through vibrations for millions of years.
They explain distance, altitude, volume of irregular voids when looking for a new place that will accommodate the entire swarm and also head wind and much more, all through vibrations communicate to entire hive at the same time.
Amazing 🐦 🌳 Nature
David that is an interesting possibility 🤔
Dear Docs; Time and entanglement are mutually exclusive as superposition precludes acceleration and the time function. That's why we need a dual membrane electromagnetic field with an antimatter half-brane that doesn't have a time function and this brane produces entanglement through strings that are paired with matter strings to form 1 to 3 aspect ratio tori that we call gravitons. The circuit or conduction tensor formed in the torus keeps these strings from annihilating as does the conduction tensor holding graviton clusters together, (looks like a barbell). Time just renders these antimatter strings into a recessive manifestation in the graviton and in subsequently more complex structures incorporating gravitons. Gravity is just the electromagnetic/fluid dynamics processes applied to the flow of graviton and graviton clusters around and through Standard Model particles. The clusters are actually gluons that were formed en mass during the GUT Epoch and are continually formed in SM particle cores. These gluons/clusters act like a dipole gas subject to condensation via Feshbach resonance and BCS field effect, and this condensate is formed in the electromagnetic field of galaxies as dark matter that is scattered by cosmic rays to appear as point source gravity. The dipole gas is spin and charge coupled on the surface of leptons and baryons to form the Higgs field emanating from the equator that operates as an electromagnetic rectenna generating space-time viscosity as it captures the momentum from the resonant strings in the gravitons and clusters flying through the field. The gas is also the working fluid for a gravitational propulsion system operating as an “ion thruster” through the core of the leptons and baryons. Dark energy is just the increase in quantum friction of the propulsion system in barren space where the Higgs field remains unimpaired to drag the particle backwards toward even less dense space like a sea anchor.
Brilliantly put together programmes, invaluable for curious non-scientists. THANK YOU!
L C no
Brilliant professors! We should have more initiatives like this one here in Brazil too. Yotube channels can be a great place to do that. Imagine you and other colleagues having great conversations about mathematical, experimental aspects and this great struggle to understand nature and a young Brazilian generation watching it. You can create a good generation of scientists here and help us fight for the future of the country world. PLEASE HELP US. WE HVE GREAT MINDS HERE!!!
String "theory" deveria ser classificado como religião. Todas as previsoes deles estavam erradas. Toda vez que uma particula prevista na "teoria" nao é encontrada, eles refazem os calculos e dizem que é preciso construir um acelerador de particulas maior..Quando os cientistas estudaram a propagação das ondas gravitacionais detectadas, eles descobriram que nao existem dimensoes extras. Vamos ver qual desculpa esse pessoal vai inventar agora. String "theory" is an academic job program and a scam.
Yes , The time has come !! World Science Festival (Talk on the unified theory) haha
@andrew ansyon yes
It might be my profile outfit right ?
@The Real Slim Brady first off, incorrect. Further away things are not back in time. We perceive them to be back in time because the light speed is finite. Also that doesnt disprove dark energy, since it doesnt explain the increasing acceleration if space itself away from all points. Your explanation is both incorrect and a massive disservice to parade it as truth.
Also time is the factor, as every subsequent measurement shows galaxies farther way are red shifted more. Light does not shift without input and can remain in its spectra indefinitely if not acted up. In the vaccum of space you would not expect(all variables we are aware of accounted for) light to further red shift. But they do, and this because spacetime itself is stretching more rapidly than before.
Unless you can provide numbers to prove your hypothesis, you are not a good source of anything but misinformation.
@The Real Slim Brady actually we can by measuring the rate of acceleration from previous points, allowing us to extrapolate a new velocity. That's just basic algebra
@The Real Slim Brady @Marc Perez maybe i'm wrong but to me it's totally logical that further and further galaxies have higher redshift , for they are closer and closer to the big bang : it doesn't matter if you look up or down or left or right or wherever : you're _always_ looking in the direction of the big bang , which of course is quite heavy . . .
Mr. Brian, what a graphic, vivid, and resplendent representation of the string theory through the example of the orange!
I studied under Professor Dine in college, I didn't know he was going to be featured :D!
loved it, thank you for sharingl
I need to preface my question with saying I have no science education. I am just highly fascinated by it. When I first heard the concept of strings, I thought “of course!”. After years trying to understand it more, all I have are more questions. I am afraid to ask them here for fear of looking like an idiot. BUT I I am feeling brave right now so here goes..
1. WHAT makes the string vibrate exactly the same way? If that string would in any way vibrate differently would create a different particle. If particles would change than the orange in his example could turn into something else right before you eyes or even disappear.
2. WHAT is the string composed of?
IF the are different dimensions as proposed, then inside of them could be strings that have even different dimensions.
3. If strings have different dimensions then COULD those different dimensions contain SOMETHING that drives the string).
Wowo ... This group certainly cleared up much of the higher level stuff on the subject matter. Chatting with them 1on1 is a good format and Mr Green is very good at his job here. He has a good sense of humor also along with all his guests.
I've come to believe that Philosophy is the study of guidances for living. Any statement, which can be used so as to guide how one lives ones lifestyle, can be considered a guiding statement, or, as i like to call it, a guiding proposition; "guiding proposition" has another meaning, which is a statement/proposition that one is in fact actually using by letting it guide oneself in living; either meaning, one or more guiding propositions is a Philosophy (or "guiding philosophy"); so "Philosophy" also has a double meaning; one is a set of, one or more, guiding propositions (so a guiding philosophy), and the other is the study of guiding propositions (so the subject of philosophy).
I start with this because, in my view, SO MUCH in fact stems from the guiding philosophy that the individual or collective lives by.
Including much of our reasoning regarding other subjects. Such as physics.
Hence i believe it is of use to try to understand the underlying guiding proposition(s) which the reasoning, or lifestyle or whatever, reflects (& thus was probably born from); partially because, if it turns out there is a more useful guiding proposition(s), then we can focus more on deriving a thus more useful reasoning & whatnot; & partially because then it'll be easier to advance & develop (& indeed just follow or apply) the reasoning & whatnot.
So, for String Theory, I believe the underlying guiding philosophy could, at least in part, include (probably not word-for-word):
"Things are connected"
"It is the connection [itself] between two (or more) [Spiritless] things, which is the locus of the motion of those things". That is to say, unless there are Spirits in them, the motion (velocities and whatnot) of the things is determined by the connection they have with one another; as opposed to the things determining them by themselves or elsewhat. Whether or not the things can influence the connection itself, I dont know.
And so, from that underlying guiding philosophy, we can see how, to understand how it is that things have the motion they have, one may arrive at the conclusion: they must be connected somehow, and so there must be another set of things, which act as the connectors, and such that they can influence the way the things move.
We already reason largely by analogy; by likening one thing to another to see if the other has more of what the former has.
So i think its likely that the individual(s) noticed that the conclusion is similar to a string, with a knot tied at either end around some object; and of course, were the string cut, the objects would no longer move together; moreover, the objects move together precisely because they are connected by the string. Ah but wait? How does the string influence/determine the motion of the connected objects? Doesn't someone still have to move the string first?
Well, not if the string is vibrating.
When the string is vibrating, the objects on either end must also move.
True, we see it too. But usually (or always?) we see the objects made to move, so as to make the string vibrate. But the point still stands. Because were the string to vibrate anyway, somehow, the objects must move too.
I can kind of be demonstrated, i think, by holding either end of a rather heavy string in either hand, and then motioning either hand up & down so as to produce a wave like motion in the string; then when you stop trying to do the motion, you'll find that one or two more waves, of the string, happen, and, as they do, your hand(s) is(are) pulled along too.
The challenges that follow are:
•the details. How many connections/strings can each thing have? How exactly does the frequency of the string alter motion? And a thing moving very fast, so is it rapidly changing connections, or result of much larger connection, or perhaps chains of connections (like beads on a string)?
•the visual evidence. We've seen atoms, but we haven't seen their strings.
I don't know of solutions to those.
But i think i could help with another challenge, except it is with the underlying philosophy not string theory.
So the challenge is:
•Is it the connection between the [Spiritless] things, or is it those things themselves, that is the locus of their motion?
A possible solution, I propose, can be found by using the half-&-half approach (learned/derived from the philosophy of Heart).
So, perhaps there is an interplay between the vibrating(/not?) string and the things themselves.
After all, were the connections alone the locus, then theyd have to always have been there; from moment things created, they must have been created in, at least, pairs.
BUT, if the things alone are the locus, then how do we explain the phenomena of things, which are clearly connected as they've motioned in corresponding ways before/recently, well, moving in corresponding ways? Even if one things moves, which moves the connector, which then moves the other thing; clearly the connector can move a thing it is connected to, & thus it can move the other thing too.
I think the connector is probably formed somehow. And can thus be removed too. Furthermore, the connector can either, somehow, exert motion by itself, or be influenced, say, by other connectors (like wave interference), & thus determine the motion of the things; however, should that very motion be correct for this, or sbould the thing(s) be influenced by elsewhat in correct way, then the things will thus move differently, not just indirectly altering the motion of each other via the connector, but possibly altering the motion of the connector such that, from then on, the connector determines the motion of the things so they move differently.
Either way, string theory is really the study of connections.
P.S. I know string theory also argues that atoms & whatnot themselves are made out of the strings, but, ehh, I don't buy it.
Seems like we’ve been running in place for 15 years
We are lazy. We need more effort.
We NEED to stop arguing over useless shit. Especially the USA. People are wasting too much time in politics instead of helping and pushing humanity forward.
@@cameronjackson4117 word
Looking Forward to this-I love these World Science Festival videos-they have completely blown my mind and got me interested in Physics. I will never understand the maths but I love the discussions on the concepts and theories. I love also the fact that the various luminaries in these discussions (some of the smartest people in the room) seem so humble and approachable and have a great sense of humour. Brian Greene is a legend at explaining difficult concepts in a way that can be understood by in layman's terms. Brilliant, brilliant, brilliant....
Respect
Star Trek Theory So these physicists didn’t tell the engineers what was needed for the Large Hadron Collider to be built to function as they envisioned? Engineers apply what scientists discover. Your every comment reveals your idiocy.
Star Trek Theory Sorry that you aren’t allowed to use the LHC. Dilletantes are not allowed. But skepticism is good, man. “Science is the belief in the ignorance of the experts.” Go prove you are right, and make a useful application of your theory. Back to the talk. Good luck
Star Trek Theory And you just proved my point again... you truly are breathtaking in your idiocy.
The fact your able to perform the math behind the theory is nothing short of a miracle / gift from God.
@@NoisySplatter it wasn't invented...math, time, and geometry were taken from cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, along with astronomy and other disciplines.
It seems very interesting that the string theory of prof Kaku,is not only very much in compliance with,but ot also rather completing and explanaing the "unified
energy theory of entanglement"
In the sense that,for onething it is also confirming the creation and emmission of semiotic energy waves from and within the structures of atoms at quantum level,which due to string musical and sismionic nature of the strings vibrations could only best be explained as to create nothing else but scalarewaves,also at each and every direction vertical and horizontals and at different levels,hence explaining and confirming the emission and creation of scalarwaves practicaly also at universal level,and from any surface or and material for that matter and hence throughout the entire universe ,And hence we can find direct correlations and compliances confirming the scalarwave technology can also cover the string theory as well.and that is a good sign.right freinds?
This was beautiful, thank you
Brian, could we be looking in the wrong direction. Is it theoretically possible that the dimensions we see on a macro scale are, in fact, the tiny, curled up extra dimensions of dimensions even larger still?
It's good to think! Nobody knows what is happening in the real world but we can conceive models via analogy and experiment. One that I value is when you turn a full open bottle upside down - liquid comes out and then stops, then bursts forth again ... it's like a choke...
This format is very good ---- much better than having a whole group at once.
Thank you so much Brain to give us a chance to ride with the most brilliant mind in the world.
Thank you thank you thank you!. I didnt complete high school. That was ten years ago, ive watch all these talks its what im about
School wasnt at the right time of my life
"Just because somethings not known doesn't mean it can't be"
Ultimately, Mark, we all need to be our own best teachers. Just watch out for the brain washing. Speakers who want you to believe them have a couple of techniques:. One is to manipulate your feelings using lots of adjectives and telling you what to conclude. That's outright propaganda. Another technique is just to outright lie about important facts. Do a search for some videos about identifying propaganda. Then always check important facts. Nothing is really true. It only has a probability of being true. Good luck. Texas Tech will let you complete an accredited GED online for an affordable price, if I recall correctly. My son also had some issues with being too smart for his teachers so I homeschooled him a little and I used some of the course from Texas Tech online High School. Good luck and never stop studying!
@@76rjacksonWow thank you for the encouragement means alot ill look into it
@@76rjackson CZcams needs more ppl like you!
Mark Eckardt DON’T ever think that missing high school but you behind anyone else. You wouldn’t have found this in high school. Even if you would have major in math and physics in college all you would have learned was that part of this. The math does not solve the problems or create the ideas needed. Math just verified or disproves the ideas.
Dusty Plasma and Electromagnetic Forces walk into a bar
You'd think Dusty Plasma would have seen it.
Question 47:15
How do we define the Coordinates for 3D space? What do we define them in relation to?
How do those 3D coordinates interact with general relativity?
If we define them as absolute, then what is the absolute? If we define them in relation to spacetime, how do we define the geometry of spacetime itself?
Our problem and barrier is time. Time is what we need to test and experiment on. Once we understand the dynamic of time, I do believe subatomic particles and electrons will be truly measurable. The issue is our fixed perception of it where we are stuck at 60 second per minute forward on a linear path.
Agree with this
maybe your mirror particles are time reversed? so you will never find them? but if you wind back time they exist.
this is something that been proposed in a few areas, but might be worth consideration at lest, if your not seeing the particles you expect to find.
scott miller then they would be tachyons, traveling backward in time means they have imaginary mass that won’t allow them to move slower than light speed. A much bigger problem than even the one about symmetry breaking at higher energies than we can develop in a collider.
I ultimately have the sense that our explorations give us new words (formula) , sometimes new sentences, in what turns out to be a long narrative. We keep thinking we might be coming to a sentence that will be a vista, but ultimately it's only a note on a tree, in a forest, of a........
This is priceless! Thankyou for this.
Brilliantly delivered
And i find all this Fascinating that they have managed to explain to me that how you can describe a tiny vibrating string and the dark enrgy and a whole Multiverse into a unified theory which at first glance seems immpractical .
Impressed and relly hats off to Brian Greene
Yes, I’ve been waiting!
That was a great introduction. Very captivating and intriguing. Happy Brian Greene was the host.
I always enjoy Brian Greene's warmth and intelligence. He's not afraid to look outside the box. I think of all the thrilling and magical possibilities of our universe. Most all the speakers seem to be exceptionally cool.
Phoenix Uprising Same here. If it were someone like Tyson then he’d be talking over everyone. 🙄
Rajarajan Manoharan lol Tyson is just very enthusiastic about the cosmo. He never truly grew out of the kid-in-a-candy-store phase. But, I do agree that he can overpower others with his projected voice, not to mention, his sheer physique.
Very Special View; Thank you. I understand much more than yesterday to every one who helped put this show on U - tube again Thank you.
Youu ...you got me hanging on a string now ..
You never told me you were waiting...con templating ...
Loose ends string theory 😂
could quantum tunneling be an example of a particle propagating through additional dimensions?
That's a really good idea.
A probabilistic dimension that collapses when the quantum observer collapses the wave function. Best candidate for extra dimension on CZcams
@@ashleyevans1070 interesting, would that be considered a "Copenhagen interpretation" of tunneling? I believe the "Everett interpretation" suggests that there is no collapse of the universal wave function. Really mindbending stuff either way!
Pr Brian is the man for a first approach... I can only thank him for that. Besides, it all becomes very boring, very, very quickly... I'd love to watch him foreshow more than first grade material, and will happily be following any links if anybody can provide.
I am not a fan of string theory, but the manner of communication and expertise is fantastic.
If string theory is not working you just need to demand the universe to fit in the string theory predictions.
I fear we lost these men to their crazy imagination and hallucinogenic reality. Please don't call them scientists anymore.
At least they dont go on to say "uhh -god- the universe works in mysterious ways idk"
@@TeamLegacyFTW It takes a lot of courage to attempt to answer tough cosmological questions. But it takes more courage to admit that a theory has overstaying its welcome, even if it means losing one's research funding, and life long work.
Such a well done event in every way
Great !!! Thank you, this explanation gave me some insights and I will continue from there ... with caution.
Who made this equation
I’m just watching this today , it’s from a year ago . My comments are to what is being said in this video 😊
Can't wait
String theory ,if you think about it,what it really is in its simple sense is extraordinarily amazing.Its a map,or better ,a manual of universe...
Great content! Keep it up!
i see brian greene, i click
Love him!
Soroush Mzs me too.
Brian Greene is a militant atheist who ignores/dismisses alot of evidence of GOD & God-incarnate. Ignoring/dismissing alot of evidence is a very bad characteristic of a scientist.
@@BradWatsonMiami evidence of God? You show one evidence and I will be religious! Maybe you're the one who ignores all the scientific evidence against the religious stories of God??
@@BradWatsonMiami Science and creation will never play friends even though this "big ban' could have been creation, no?
I am a big fan of you Brian Greene !!!! You are my favorite physicist .
string theiry also accedentally opened up our eyes to the probabilty of needing a fine tuner.This has powerful impact on current ways of thinking.
I understand the moment we think, " this is the best theory", we never grow out of the best. It feels stuck and not flexible enough to withstand the uncertainty of universe.
Strings. So just a glob of worms. Somehow moving of course.
One of the best talks I have listened to, thank you.
It must be extremely frustrating and even sad that these theoritical physicists could conceiveably pass away without realizing an answer or a conclusion of sorts to their lives’ work on these theories, yet still an amazing search to find the (true reality-illusion. What do they call this)
I find it somewhat painful because of my fondness for Brian I've been watching him on television and CZcams for many many years and I enjoy his talks on everything but to see his Decades of work on string theory that he is totally invested in starting to fall apart before his eyes it seems that we've been hitting dead ends on string theory nothing new as really come about it is truly sad
I feel worse for the new grad students entering theoretical physics continue to be led into a dead end by these professors.
Silly string theory is much tougher than regular string theory, but the upside is it comes in cans.
haha
Just turn those cans "upside" down!
It's flammable.
Truthfully the only thing that comes in a can is human acidic numbing and dumbing slavery
Yes store your fire extinguishers and your aerosol cans upside down for optimal use all and the destruction that comes with it .
Bout damn time Brian was in one of these! lol
TheRealJacob98 hahah oooooooo 💩💩💩💩💩💩💩💩💩💩💩💩
58:37 subtitles has no chills
This is a wonderful demonstration of a narrative of science by scientists for whom this is their way of LIVING with meaning & purpose ... GRATEFUL for the opportunity to see - hear - enjoy you, Brian, in a terrific DIALOGUE with your good friends. Hard as it is to pick among them, as they all are terrific, my FAVORITE is Andrew S... For me, he is REALLY INSPIRATIONAL. So glad to be ALIVE to enjoy this session. KEEP ON... MTL, MD
What are those red bottles for?
Obviously they think the theory of everything will get trapped in the bottle without the stopper! RDR
If u can’t work out it’s a water bottle you know to drink water from! right? Then perhaps this is a little to advanced for you and you should start with Sesame Street and wait for big bird to explain water and it’s uses.
Where is the antimatter? Enquiring minds want to know.
We can make it just one particle at a time, with our current knowledge, to produce any significant quantity would take 100’s of years.
What do you mean "where is the antimatter". In every hospital where you can do a PET scan for example.
@@Sfirodrepanoskarxarias
I'm sorry, I thought everyone familiar with string theory knew that for every particle in the universe it called for an anti particle. My bad.
@@scottcarlon6318
There should be as much anti matter as there is matter, according to string theory.
@@chickenfriedbobcat6090 Not only according to string theory. The observed absense of antimatter is a problem even in the standard model.It's called the baryon asymmetry problem and there have been proposals to answer this question, most famously by Andrei Sakharov already in 1967.