Ancient Egyptian Chronology | What is Ancient Egyptian?
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- čas přidán 22. 07. 2024
- What is Ancient Egyptian? What is the difference between Middle Egyptian and Classical Egyptian? Is Ancient Egyptian the same as Old Egyptian? Is Coptic related to Ancient Egyptian? All these and more will be answered in this video! which comes after the recent release of the Ancient Egyptian cover of the sea shanty The WELLERMAN.
🎶 Hear the song on ScorpioMartianus: • Wellerman in Ancient E...
🎼 Middle Egyptian Pronunciation guide for the lyrics of Wellerman (Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor) on Patreon: / 71742706
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Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
#ancientegypt #linguistics #history
00:00 What is Ancient Egyptian?
00:23 Wellerman in Ancient Egyptian
01:07 "Standard" Ancient Egyptian?
01:45 Archaic & Old Egyptian
02:02 Middle/Classical Egyptian
03:39 Late Egyptian
04:22 Demotic
05:30 Coptic
07:14 Rosetta Stone
07:56 Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor
08:30 Egyptian Pronunciation Guide
12:01 Ancient Language Institute
13:12 Latin: Gateway to Antiquity
I think you'll like my video lessons on Coptic (the last stage of Ancient Egyptian), which you can find here: www.patreon.com/posts/coptic-lesson-2-72860212
Thanks so much to my Patrons for supporting my content! Enjoy learning a bit of Coptic with me. 🐍
Do you have a twitter account?
Why do you pronounce affricates when speaking ancient egyptian? Egyptians actually had palatal and ejective consonants instead of affricates, like in the name of god (month) Thout.
For me as an Egyptian who speak Coptic I am really so happy about your knowledge about the Egyptian/Coptic language
Howmany people stil speak it there ?
@@manh385 few thousands as second language at different levels of fleuncy and the number is increasing
How did you learn Coptic? Do they teach it in schools?
@@Aethelhadas no I learned it through church because I am Coptic orthodox there are many churches that teach Coptic in Egypt and all around the world
But there is books and dictionaries on Amazon
@@arsanymorris6085 Coptic is the descendant of the ancient Egyptian language correct?
13:30 I've never felt so "too many languages, not enough time" before. Also, we can't forget about Sanskrit, which is a major reason we can even talk about Indo-European languages as an entire family at all.
And please, do not forget about Avestan languages (languages, cause Old, and oung Avestan aren't porpably even older and younger state of the same language), whic maybe is very difficult to understand, but still is important.
Classical Chinese . To be taught with reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation, of course. :)
My vote is for the Ancient Gokturk language!
@@dumupad3-da241 A bridge too far. Also, conveniently, it's totally unconnected from the "western" classical languages, from Ancient Egyptian to Accadian.
@@waltroskoh8650 Seriously how related was that to what the Huns would have spoken?
Not only am I anticipating this new Ancient Egyptian chapter of the channel eagerly, but as someone who has some meagre idea how difficult putting dead languages to music is like (to the point where I sometimes don’t bother and ignore even syllable length in Latin-language music), I can’t express just how amazed I am at Stefano’s ability to transpose the prosody of Egyptian musically. The amount of variables to consider to get all of that into place is nothing short of insane, I don’t think it can be overstated, chapeau to you both, really
Thanks, Farya! I agree, Stefano's prowess in this arena is extraordinary.
If they do a new Stargate series, they need to get Luke to play the "Daniel Jackson" character.
Haha I’d love that! One of my favorite characters of all time
That fascinating episode when he starts talking to natives on another planet by using his knowledge of the A. Egyptian, and the phonetic evolution from "neje-re" to "naturu" was my personal favorite. And the face of the captain who had left him there 10 minutes before: "Oh, you're already talking?" I'm a diachronic linguist myself, and that was like a dream come alive.
With the voice, he could be Ra. That's a god's voice. Lol
@@polyMATHY_Luke was wondering if you had seen Stargate. would be fun to see you pick at that movie a bit in a video. also if you have seen the TV show they have bit how Latin came from another made up language
My dad tells me I'm the real life Daniel Jackson
Super cool to see something so novel! Very interesting expansion of focus to include a really epic language!
Thanks!
Can't wait until Luke will create a Sumerian course through Ancient Egyptian
I’d love to see you do a similar video on Hittite if you get the chance. I’ve only learned a bit of it but it’s surprisingly easy to pick up when you know Ancient Greek (Only Attic in my case)
Cool! Yes I’ve heard this. I shall some day
Is there any literature in Hittite? (I mean other than administrative or fiscal accounts)?
@@williammkydde Yes, though it’s primarily historical accounts commissioned by kings which, needless to say, aren’t particularly trustworthy based on their source. I know offhand of one fragmentary myth that’s preserved but I’m fairly sure there are a few more
@@TransSappho Yes, a general introductory video on this language would be interesting.
@@williammkydde if you’re interested in learning it on your own, I recommend Elements of Hittite by Theo Van den Hout
This is amazing. I’ve been an Aegyptophile since I was little. We could speculate exactly how much Middle Egyptian was influenced by Phoenician (or vice versa) and stimulated its gradual evolution into Late Egyptian. Like, that could be a video on its own.
Great video as always, Luke
ⲙⲓⲟⲕ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁϧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲕⲃⲓⲇⲉⲟ ❤️
That means Very good job our great teacher and continue in your videos and that was written in coptic, love from Egypt ❤️
Wow! I see a lot of letters that are similar to ones of the Greek and Russian alphabet, do they happen to be the same phonetically? Like the щ/ш "sha" sound?
I love Coptic, it is a fascinating language.
@@malinpetersson4182 That is because the coptic alphabet, aside from a few letters, is based on the Greek alphabet, just like how the Cyrillic script was based on Greek but with a few unique letters.
@@ashwinnmyburgh9364 I didn't know that! Granted, I don't know much about Coptic or Egyptian in general. That would make it fairly easy to learn then, since I know the Greek and Cyrillic alphabet already! 😊
@@malinpetersson4182 the letter ϣ is called shai and it does have the sha sound.
The ϣ ϥ ϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ are letters that were borrowed from demotic to compensate sounds that were not available in greek during that time.
Amazing timing! I’ve been delving into Aramaic, Hebrew, Akkadian, etc. and Egyptian was rather difficult to research, especially pronunciation. Thanks Luke!!!
Wellerman in Ancient Egyptian. Insanely difficult, but also a great time curve: from 19th century New Zealand to 21st century United States to whateverth century BC Egypt. Thank you so much Luke!
Video took me twice as long to watch cause I had to keep hitting repeat on the A.E sea shanty. Absolute banger.
Also, if you ask the History channel, the two pics at 3:58 are the same xD
Lol
The thumbnail dragged me in by my ankles. I had no choice but to watch this video the instant my eyes communicated to my brain that I was seeing it.
The perfect cure for Monday. Scorpio Martianus’ alter ego dropping an Ancient Egpyt video. Bravo sir.
Awesome! Was particularly interested to hear about Coptic.
So glad to see the older video format make a return. Talking, captions, light graphics, and no distracting music.
I've been trying to learn a little Hieratic with the tale of the shipwrecked sailor, so im really glad youre putting out this video!
super interesting video. had never heard nor seen an in-depth analysis of Egyptian nor Coptic, and it's well done. fascinating! :)
Thanks! You might like my Coptic lessons on Patreon and on the secondary channel
04:44
A interesting phenomenon is how literate peoples think that the written form of a language if the basis of a language when the actual basis is the spoken form of that language is actually the base.
That's a video idea for you Luke.
Right! It’s a great topic
Could you please review the grammar of your sentence!
@@manfredneilmann4305
I already did. It's crap.
Only if the languge uses an alphabet. If it's ideographic, that doesn't happen.
@@weirdofromhalo Still does, but to a smaller degree. Ideographic scripts still convey grammar.
I'm very glad to see your interest in this fascinating language! I hope to see you do more with it! It is definitely on my list of languages to study, whether ancient or modern.
Luke, you always scratch such an interesting itch-usually one that I didn’t even know I had. Honestly, these videos just get more and more fascinating…. Thank you!
Luke I want to personally thank you for all your videos. I think what you do is virtuous. Ευχαριστώ πολύ. You have opened my mind to things I could have never imagined were possible. That being said, can we please have a video going through your Ancient Greek pronunciation chart spreadsheet. I know it might have been done but there are so many interesting aspects that could be explored. Thanks again.
Great content as always:)
And would love to hear another video specially for archaic Egyptian 🙏
Egypt was my favourite ancient civilization to learn about in school, and still is one of my favourites. It's just so fascinating.
Very cool to see some more Egyptian stuff!
Love your videos!!! Thank you!!!!
SIR, YOU IMPRESS ME. PLEASE KEEP THESE VIDEOS COMING.
Another great video! Thank you
Thanks for watching!
Aha! Tremendous topic to enhance the channel. I imagine there are as many reconstructions of the spoken language as there are specialists. I wonder if more videos on Ancient Egyptian will follow....
Awesome! I love it, gratia!
I almost died at the thumbnail because it completely threw me off. Anyway, such a great video. A banger vid as always 👍
Thanks!
Wonderful! Thank you!
You are truly a master of languages...A+
A master no, but I am an enthusiast
Im actually doing Egyptology at Saint-Petersburg State University, this stuff is wild isn't it. You explain the sound of letters really interesting, as oppose to how in Russia we have letters that match sounds of Egyptian litters like Ч. I find it kind of funny as well that you are balled like most Egyptian priests
Hehe
The “Egyptological pronunciation” is a convention developed in the 1800s before we understood the phonology, so it doesn’t have much to do with the way Ancient Egyptian sounded
@@polyMATHY_Luke of course, there actually no way to know, you can put any vowels you like or no vowels at all, as some people do. Moreover every school of ancient Egyptian has its differences, even different experts wright hieroglyphs and transliteration and pronounce them with their differences, and certainly we write them differently from the Germans or the French or British. also the lyrics in that song i would write differently to yours, and again different on paper and on a computer too. i could talk about this for hours because there aren't many people to talk about it, Egyptologists are really one in million
Thank you for this. Wanted to decipher ancient Egyptian linguistics since forever this lifetime but most materials I've read on the subject were too basic or chaotic.
Loved the bloopers.
I don't know if you're ok with video suggestions but what about fictional languages, their uses and the process of its creation?
Love this guy
13:41 You might enjoy some Assyriologists from Finland.
Not only were Nuntii Latini made by Latinists from the same University, but "blue suede shoes" were translated into ... Sumerian.
Ancient Egyptian language!
Totally cool👍!
I once read about the linguistic references the author made in The Dune (book) in relation to Arabic, don't remember much though. I would love to watch a video on that, just a suggestion :)
Amazing video, as always. You should do a review of the trailer for the new Croatian film Illyricum, in which the croatian actors speak Latin.
My God, this is superb. I'll just keep to my lane of learning Latin poorly for now, though.
I wish Ancient Egyptian was more accessible to study nowadays like Latin and Ancient Greek are. Though Coptic is beautiful!
That’s my goal!
@@polyMATHY_Luke Mine too! That is why I think that archeology is the tool for us to discover all the language secrets and reveal them
Actually Egyptian is surprisingly accessible to study. There are, like, 10 or so different grammars/textbooks for Middle Egyptian alone, and 2 or 3 more for Late and Old Egyptian, each. Many dictionaries too, and hundreds of linguistic papers about the language and about specific texts. And many of them can be accessed on the internet. The rest is found in libraries or can be ordered in book stores or online. :)
@@andremuller9385 i need these!! thanks for the info :)))
I would like to see this!
I'd love to see a deep dive into what we know about Nabataean at some point.
Okay
@@polyMATHY_Luke without the Nabataean forms of Aramaic, it's my understanding that we might not have seen Arabic develop in the same way. Though, the only somewhat complete texts I know of in Nabataean are some really fascinating tomb inscriptions that are somewhere between a legal contract and a curse.
Great thumbnail 🤘
It's so great! I'd like to learn all these languages, but there was never a community around me interested in this. Finally there is a community in the internet... Perhaps it's time to go back to languages. When I was learning there was only one Russian-language forum (people who know, know what I'm talking about), but it was online, and a little bit limited. They had their jobs and not everyone was always there (many people were specialized in different languages, including Ainu).
Great 👍
very cool, love your videos
I always find these videos very interesting, informative and helpful. Great job as always Luke! (ツ)
Thanks!
Thanks so much for another awesome video on another fascinating language! Quick question: I noticed there was a word or two that began with "j/y" in the parts of the poem you cited, but I had heard that in the transition from Old to Classical Egyptian all word initial "j/y"s become glottal stops. Am I mistaken or does that rendition of the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor use an Old Egyptian pronunciation? Love the work you do here & by all means keep it up! God bless!
🎶TALK like an Egyptian 🎶 😄
it's funny because it's been 200 years since Champollion died, Arte made a very good documentary about him and the race to decipher this writing system
Arabic does something similar with ة: ta marbuta. It means “hidden ta” and is consistently found at the end of words. In Modern Standard Arabic, it’s pronounced “ah” when no word follows it. However, when it precedes another word, it’s pronounced “t”; the vowel depends on the case of the word.
As with all things Arabic, pronunciation depends on dialect.
Thanks for the video. I feel I want to give it a try, hoping that maybe the school will start also the Ancient Egyptian course. What dialect I should focus on? The Middle-Classical one?
Finally, Luke tells us about this language from an ancient civilization as famous as those of Rome and Greece.
The thing I like that illustrates how old Egyptian civilization was even to them was that they had their own archeologists.
you make being a nerd cool! ❤️
Thanks!
We have no idea how to pronounce Egyptian (which I have studied; Middle specifically). Not only do we not know the vowels, the values of the consonants are heavily disputed. In fact, it's disputed if certain signs are vowels at all, or just indicate "insert vowel." Egyptian verb forms half the time are indistinguishable from each other, since whatever the sound was that distinguished them is omitted in writing. I know it's fun to try to recite The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant or whatever, and I enjoy it, but any pronunciation guide is 99% speculation.
So this video is completely inaccurate?
What a gift ur friend has. So beautiful
Do a thing with Tasting History, please!
Thank you very much indeed from an Egyptian. I say ((Duat)) to you in our Egyptian Language 😁🙏
Small correction at 9:36 : that letter representing the glottal stop is called a 'Hamza' not 'Alif' (which in turn corresponds to 'a' in the latin alphabet). But the rest of the explanation is on point!
Alif is in fact the ā which is the long a, it's related to the Greek Alpha
That's right!
In the video I talked about Alef, the ancient Semitic consonant, found in Hebrew and Aramaic. No correction needed.
"Alif" or "aleph" is indeed the correct word, as it describes the sound in Semitic languages (and Egyptian is a sister of Semitic, so to speak). It refers to the glottal stop sound. The symbol used in transcription of Egyptian is ꜣ and is hence also called "alif". So polýMATHY is correct here.
Ra thanks you.
Id love to learn a bit of ancient egyptian I hope there will be some good way to learn it soon :)
There is always Sir Alan Gardiner's Egyptian Grammar. There are pdfs for it online, and you can buy it on Amazon.
@@ashwinnmyburgh9364 oh nice thank
Hey Luke do you have any sources for how you pronounced the reconstructed words? I would like to have a reference sheet for how to pronounce the vowels for self-study. Thanks
Please analyze the song by the band Heilung - Urbani
I find it amazingly well done
Luke is an ancient language machine 😎
Very interesting. Can you please recommend the best textbook for learning Latin the way you would want a student to learn (no Wheelock argh)? TY
fun fact, recent research has made it evident that the "egyptological values" of x and ç are in fact inversed
ẖ becomes coptic ϧ (so it was /x/)
while ḫ becomes coptic ϣ (so it was /ç/)
Another great video. Luke, I've been studying Coptic for several years, and I'd love to chat with you about reconstructed Coptic. Please let me know when you've got some time and we can set up a chat! Caleb
Please do! Write to me at ScorpioMartianus @ gmail
I haven’t used discord in about 2 years; I don’t have the time.
@@polyMATHY_Luke Same.
@@polyMATHY_Luke Thank you! I'll write to you soon. ~Cal
Apparently I read somewhere that it had the “guttural r” sound (the french/german r) in the Older stages. Did it disappear by middle egyptian in your reconstruction?
@4:12,
Egypt survived the Bronze Age Collapse, but it was greatly devastated
This somehow made my mind drift to think of Esperanto and I see you have no videos on it. Do you have an opinion about the quest for an universal vehicular language and whether it should be something existing and widespread like English, or something "manufactured", phonetic and regular that actually makes sense, or nothing at all?
That'd be an interesting video.
__We associate spellings with words__ 4:50 __and that's not actually how language works.__ 4:54
Hear, hear!
When I use mid-19th C. spellings for Swedish (still - in a butchery context _"hvem vill ha halfvan af en kalf"_ - now _"vem vill ha halvan av en kalv;"_ and still _"hesten hjelper gerna"_ for _"hästen hjälper gärna")_ I am sometimes asked how I pronounce this.
Nothing weird at all - if I were challenged to motivate the 4 spellings of the V sound, I would pronounce the F-free spellings as W, and it wouldn't sound weird, just dialectal. The TJE-sound (in Finland Swedish basically like CH) also had four spellings, and the SJE-sound (in Finland Swedish but not in Sweden like SH) I think 7 or 8, perhaps even 9, also true of the yod-sound.
And in short syllables or after a yod sound or both, Swedish has only the open E sound which in long vowels is spelled Ä, hence no reason to spell it Ä rather than E, since by default E in those positions must be pronounced Ä, and E is easier to write. Ä is used for etymology (båta-bättre) or distinction (en vs än = Danish en vs end).
Has Luke reviewed the channel that makes old English, old french and classic Latin covers of popular songs? I would die to hear him talk about them, especially my personal favourite Gas, Gas, Gas (age, age, age), of the classic genre Romabeat
This is the first I'm hearing that final -t becomes /h/ before a suffix... iirc I've only read that it became glottal stop. Do you have any reference I could look at for this particular sound change?
See RVMAK Stefano Vittori
@@polyMATHY_Luke ty
I'd so love to hear you recite the hymn to the Aten
One day I shall
@@polyMATHY_Luke Sei un mito!
Heretic!
8:50 My reaction, in terms of similarities, is a bit to the Waste Land insertions of Sanskrit by TSE. Probably the very first word strikes that Sanskrit vibe, and the rest being "same language" doesn't break it.
I think I have heard reconstructed Hittite pronounced a bit like this too.
However, obviously, in more grammatical terms (vocabulary and morphology and syntax) it's very different from either, as not classifiable as IE.
Dear Mr Rainiery ;
Thanks for the fantastic resource you provide for classical studies.
May I ask a question on etymology?
Μελαπεπων apearantly means cuecumber (That's how we use it Melafifön) ~Is this true?~
Μελας means black.
Πεπων means tender.
But I find that cuecumbers are green, au contrair.
The description better befits an aubegine.
It blew my mind that he was in the army.
You should check out the Greek Magical Papyri and see if you can parse any of the "Egyptian" magic words they used. One of my favorite spells has a "secret Hebrew name" for Apollo that is actually a complete sentence in what I assume is Egyptian. It's so similar to the sort of faux spirituality we see today with the jumbling of Hinduism and Buddhism
Interesting... I'm dabbling in conlanging, and both the sort of proto-conlangs I have both include the h crossbar and x sounds. In the first one, due to the way syllables are constructed in a very ridge CVC order, the h crossbar is followed by a glottal stop as a sort of pseudo way of circumventing this. (Such as the word /ħʔar ɹɐk kiːs/ being the name of what its speakers regard as a goddess.) The second just has the h crossbar sound and contains no glottal stop as it features a more fluidic syllabic structure.
I am Egyptian and I enjoyed the video a lot. It would be interesting if you got a real Egyptian who can pronouce the ح and ع properly and let him sing this song
I’m glad you liked the video. But a “real Egyptian” won’t be able to help, since Arabic is not the same language as Ancient Egyptian. The pronunciation you hear is deliberately done as you hear, so making it sound more like Arabic would not be “interesting” as it wouldn’t be correct.
Ancient egyptian is extremely fascinating!
I have a question: what is the correct term "hic svnt dracones" or "hc svnt dracones"? I've seen both when searching for old globe maps
Bro knows every major ancient language💀 that's very impressive tho especially greek
They say with physical evidence of natural progression that it actually goes back 12000 years.
After researching and learning so many languages and knowing the common words between them, when you speak English, do you ever remember the true origin of those words and pronounce them as they were originally spoken?
It's amazing how old the Ancient Egyptian civilization is. The pyramids were ancient to the Greeks and Romans
How would Tuthmosis be pronounced?
Luke: "Hmm... I bet I could figure out Persian"
Luke even later: "Hmm... I bet I could figure out Hindi."
Lemme know when there's Ancient Egyptian on that website.
Bc its amazing to go down that rabit hole. And with the evidence coming to light. How we dont understand with modern technology how tbey built things and how perfectly. Just beautiful
If you really want to make a series of this, there's still "what is Hebrew", "what is Sanskrit", "what is Nahatl" etc...
This was so interesting! After watching Moon Knight I became more interested in Egyptian mythology but haven't actually started learning about it yet. Now I want to learn the language as well!
Just a note, the glottal stop in Arabic is called hamza همزة
At that part in the video I was talking about generic Ancient Semitic
Q re Bronze Age collapse; there's a book (1177 BC i believe) wherein the author seems to try to shoe-horn an economic morality tale into his ultimate explanation, while I would think a militant migration (voluntary or not) explains it. I think many of us would be interested in your take on the cause. Would you consider doing such a video?
Yes I’d love to, though it’s so dense that I’d really have to have something interesting to say that’s different from other videos
@@polyMATHY_Luke thank you, and I'll also add my thanks that you're so aware of your comments sections. This is the only "social media" I allow myself, because... kind people are too infrequent these days.