THE RISE OF THE YUAN DYNASTY - MONGOL CONQUEST OF CHINA
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- čas přidán 5. 07. 2024
- After the Mongol conquests of Asia, the immense Mongol empire fragmented into many different states. In China, the Yuan dynasty, a sinicised Mongol state, would be founded by Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai. In this documentary, I explain how the Mongols conquered China and the Song dynasty, and how the Yuan dynasty came into existance.
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♫ MUSIC ♫
Total War Attila - Hun Theme
Total War Attila - Fiddler of the Plains
Total War Attila - Settlers of the Apocalypse
Total War Attila - The Will of Tengri
Total War Shogun 2 - Resolve
Total War Three Kingdoms - Eternal Peace
Mongol Court Music
Ancient Music of the Tang Dynasty
Total War Attila - A thousand arrows
Joy and Peace (Guzheng)
Total War Shogun 2 - Death Cures a Fool
Total War Shogun 2 - Heavy Bune
Total War Shogun 2 - Falling Thunder
The Han Palace Autumn Moon
Total War Attila - The Day of Reckoning
The Loyalist - Lotus Lane
🎬 VIDEO CREDITS 🎬
Mongol (2007)
《钓鱼城》, 蒙古扩张 ("Diaoyucheng", Mongolian expansion) (2015)
Marco Polo (2014)
Nichiren and the Great Mongol Invasion (1958)
Zheng He's voyages (2011)
Ghost of Tsushima (2020)
📜 MAIN SOURCES 📜
Khubilai Khan : his life and times (1986), Morris Rossabi
The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (2010), Timothy Brook
🏷️ TAGS 🏷️
Yuan dynasty documentary
rise of the Yuan dynasty
Kublai Khan documentary
history of China
mongol conquest of China
Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty
mongol invasions of japan
Introduction: (0:00)
Context: (00:49)
Mongke Khan's conquests: (01:59)
The Toluid civil war: (05:31)
Building a new state: (09:06)
Unifying the country: (14:33)
Subjugating neighbours: (19:22)
Kublai's end: (23:39)
Conclusion: (24:20)
It's pretty weird how the mongols, unlike the manchus, wanted China to unify and open to the world
Weird and pretty much opposites policy
Ironic isn't it.
And I loved that about them, the mongols!
@@Brandonhayhew I think its intentional. The Manchus really dont want their regime to last as short as the Yuan so they adopted the opposite of the Mongols' policies.
weird discourse, the open policy is basically attributed to the enormous territory of the Mongolian Empire and the weakness of surrounding states. They saw no threat from the sea. However it was that loose policy that generated the devastation of Mongol interiorly rather than exteriorly.
Growing up in Beijing, the remaining of khanbaliq is now actually a park called Yuan Dadu. Used to go there and play when I was a kid.
Jiande Gate 健德门, Anzhen Gate 安贞门, Guangxi Gate 光熙门 was 3 of the 8 gates of Yuandadu city wall.
Interesting. But it’s good to historical referencing in local culture
Han Fei Zi (韓非) once stated:
"If a ruler can get rid of private crookedness and promote the public law, his people will become secure, and his state will become well ordered"
Han Fei Zi, also known as "Chad Confucius".
@@SilverCorvidsMARKETING Han Fei Zi invented legalism.
Confucius and his teacher Lao Zi(or Lao Tzu, the Zi or Tzu is the same as cius in the word Confucius) believes humans are naturally born with kindness, but Han Fei Zi believes human are naturally born with evil within, law must be enforced to keep the order of the society.
Because of this, Lao Zi's believers are Taoist who religiously believes any movement in the world should flow naturally, smoothly and effortlessly, people don't need to struggle to work hard for unnatural project like building the Great Wall. This leads to anarchism, they believe just like how cowboy isn't forcing but guiding the herd of cattles, the cowboy isn't forcing the cows to do something, the cows move freely, the cowboy just vaguely guide them. So these people thinks the lord(king/emperor) should also act like the cowboy, only acting as a shepherd to vaguely guide people, leaving most of freedoms to the people so they choose what they want to do by them selves freely. They are usually anarchists.
Confucianism works with traditional culture and morality to rule people with moral. It's more rules compared to Taoism.
But Legalism is totalitarian police state, every follow the extremely strict and cruel laws.
Thank you very much for your content. As a Mongolian, it's very accurate and insightful. Hope many Chinese will watch it and stop distorting history, claiming Khubilai khaan and Yuan's dynasty are Chinese.
现代基因检测，蒙古黄金家族是汉朝刘邦的后代，历史就是如此奇妙😂😂😂
this is my favourite yt channel to learn Chinese history. thank you for your hard work.
Same
One of the most awesome series on the net - brilliant, and I love the pictures
Accordingly to later Chinese Ming-dynasty record, the name Yuan 元 was first used in 1260, by Kublai Khan, took from famous Chinese book 易經 “大哉乾元” 。It is a tradition almost all 24 Chinese dynasties used, for the last two thousand years, from the same Ancient book of 易經 (I Ching). It is an established procedure to claim the legitimacy as new ruler of China, so to speak.
Thanks for elaborating. Im watching Marco Polo on netflix and i was confused when he said "yuan dynasty" and when Kublai says he is the great Kahn of Kahns and i am your Kahn
Also, yuan dynasty compiled the "history-record book" for the dynasty before it(song dynasty). The act is also a tradition of Chinese dynasties. And their systems, habits and customs on many aspects are based on Chinese dynasties.
@@jenmb2679 With respect to the difference between Mongol Empire and yuan dynasty, "History of the World: Every Year" on CZcams is a nice video to illustrate it. We can say "they are totally different because the former had died when the latter established" but can also say "the latter was a subset of the former". Generally speaking Mongol Empire split into pieces and one of them were yuan dynasty. So emperors of yuan dynasty are leaders of China and also leaders of Mongol Empire(so called great Kahn, meaning the leader of Kahns in Mongol) nominally because other pieces owned considerable autonomy .
@@mathersmarshall8235what does yuan mean?
@@leaveme3559 it means the origin or base (of the universe).
Hey, I don’t know if you remember me but you immensely helped my research for my IB extended essay regarding the modernisation of China and Japan (1850-1909). Finished that half a year ago but anyway just wanted to let you know that because of your work it turned out very interesting and successful.
Thank you for your work and I wish you all the best ;)
Hi Frederik! I do remember our exchanges. I am really glad to hear that your essay was well received and successful!
Thanks for letting me know, all the best to you too :)
@staymad3020 Sounds awesome it was a really interesting topic. I suggest you look into Kang Youwei for the essay. Good luck ;)
I was about to comment before watching that this better have throat singing galore, and then it immediately starts with throat singing. I love this channel.
Thats crazy how kubla khan was able to integrate so many cultures during that time.
@Art Garfunkle thats why he became muslim?
@@irfaandeelawar4492he are Buddhist
Woo! Always wanted to know more about the Yuan Dynasty! Glad to have you back!
Truely ..me too
Thanks!
Again a perfectly presented video, images, music, and words, coalesce into a vibrant whole. Brilliant, as one has come to expect on this channel.
History is indistinguishable from art, for me at times
I'm a Filipino but still loving the culture, music, wearings (traditional costume/national costume) and the place (China) can describe by a word "AMAZING", New year's in chinese that i really wanted to experienced. the Chinese movies influenced me to love all about China, i love all about chinese cultures and traditions, and one day i will travel and enjoy China, its part of my dream since i was a Kid and hoping one day, i will be in my destination.
Me too!! ❤️❤️
Pangarap kong makapunta dyan pre sa mongolia
Do you have any Chinese ancestry?
I love Mongolian history, it is nothing short of awe-inspiring.
This is Chinese history
@@NeilSethYuan dynasty and empire are mongol origins not chinese
Really
In reality it's Mongolian. Chiba was occupied by the Mongols. Yuan dynasty was just one of four Khanates of the Mongolian empire. ..and the Chinese absolutely can not claim Tibet bcos the Mongolians invaded Tibet and in reality they didn't even fully control Tibet in true sense ..
Yes!! I was waiting for this one!
I just wanna let you know how much I appreciate your content and the level of quality it has. And thank you for actually pronouncing each non-English name correctly. It's a courtesy that many educational youtube channels don't bother with.
You haven’t upload in so long. Glad you when I saw your upload. Great videos as always.
Thanks :)
Awsome im looking forward to the next one and the ming dynasty.:D😍
I hope you are able to do Videos on the Han, Tang, and Ming Dynasty Emperors someday in the future! Your Work is most Enjoyable and Informative to watch!
Thanks so much! After the Yuan series (in which I won't cover each emperor because most only ruled for a short time), I think I'll do each Ming emperor like I did with the Qing :)
Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Jin( Jurchen), Liao, Yuan, Ming, Qing and (maybe) the Last TianChao: Japanese Empire.
@@History_of_China especially pre Qin dynasty history will be great to learn from your videos. Eagerly waiting for those
@@ImATiger-ci5ru he already did the Qing and late Jin dynasties.
The Attila ost is really spot on, great choice my friend.
I know right totally an ost that needs more attention
finally..... i have been waiting!!!
amazing work
Your channel is part of the i started learning Chinese
18:04 Maybe this explains why there are so many Southern Chinese overseas.
Love your videos btw, discovered your channel last week and currently on a mission to watch every single one. There are not a lot of historical videos that focus on the Qing Monarchs. So I am thankful you are making them plus I am learning lots!
Thank you so much! After I finish the Yuan, I'll cover each Ming emperor as I did the Qing :)
Overseas Chinese not migrated during Yuan Dynasty, most probably during Ming and Qing dynasty.
My favorite channel rn
Thanks for following for so long :)
absolutely love your videos! I was first here when there were fewer than 7000 subscribers, so happy that you are gradually getting the attention you deserve! Thank you for your work and keep it up!
Thanks so much for your comment! Nice to have you following for so long :)
Love your channel and love the Yuan dynasty so this video is 👌
Cheers :)
Thank you so much for this documentary!!!!!!! It is EXCELLENT 🙌❤️🔥
Thank you! Happy you enjoyed!
Thank you for a great video - informative and interesting
I'm glad you liked it :)
Great work, as always.
Thank you!
This is truly amazing!
Thank you!
I’m so eagerly waiting for the next installment of this series!
I'm afraid it'll take a while, but it'll come :)
@@History_of_China Then the wait won't have been in vain. :D
@@History_of_China when will the next yuan dynasty episode come out again will it be about a month or 2 months.?:D
Excellent thank you!
Many many thanks for this
Amazing work
Thanks!
I love your videos I'm always waiting for the next
Thanks! I'm afraid it might take about as long as this one to come out, because I've got so much work for the next few weeks :/
keep it up sr
your style is detailed and clear good job
Thank you!
Hi from Mongolia! Great video. So impressive to see my ancestors stories. I recently did 23andMe and I had 0.01% Chinese, 6.6% Central Asia and Turkic traces and this makes so much sense
Thanks for your comment! Stay tuned, I'll make a couple more videos on the Yuan dynasty :)
Very Bing Chilling
You make great videos dude, keep it up!
Thanks! Will do!
Khan: Attack Japan! (Ver.2)
Kamikaze: I'mma end this man's whole career.
What a great video! Keep it up
Thank you!
Beautifully done! I love the Yuan Dinasty's lore
Cheers!
One of my ancestors in my D’Auria-Doria Family Tree in Italy was: Demenco Doria visiting the first Yuan Emperor Kubali Khan in the Yuan Dynasty in China. The first Yuan Emperor Kubali Khan appointed Demenco Doria as the ambassador to Europe. Since January 1977 at Gallaudet University in my junior year, I still have done my research project on my D’Auria-Doria Family Tree in my longer Italian ancestral lineage in my family genealogical history in a fact. Very interested about Yuan Dynasty in China under the first Yuan Emperor Kubali Khan in Far East History course.
ça regarde sur la télé avec une 8.6... à bon entendeur ! merci à toi HoC; Robert
Wonderfully done. Thank you.
Glad you enjoyed!
I love every bit of your content! Keep it up please, this is my first real contact with chinese history and I'm gratefull to you for that! xié xié!
Thank you so much! My next video covering what happened to Yuan China after Kublai's death should be released tomorrow :)
Another great detailed vid. Nice work 😀
Cheers :)
great video my friend, you are so close to reaching FIFTY THOUSAND SUBSCRIBERS!
Thank you so much! I'm there now ^_^
Nice of you to comment and thanks for following me all this time!
@@History_of_China no problem man, may your channel grow even more
great video!!
Subscribed
Thanks! Glad you enjoyed!
Just a few clarifications on the Mongol pronunciations:
The name "Mongke" is pronounced more like "Munk" and "Ariq Boke" like "Areeq Bohe" in the Mongolian language.
Your pronunciation of Khublai was pretty close. When Mongolian people say the name, they pronounce it like, "Hu Bu Lay". The ones you used here are closer to the Chinese pronunciation of Mongke and Ariq Boke, as well as occasionally the western pronunciation of Khublai, which is understandable to make it easier for people to follow; not putting a knock against you or anything like that.
Overall though, another solid video. Keep up the good work!
Thanks for your comment! This was definitely a first for me, cause I never studied Mongolian contrarily to Chinese. I'll try to improve for the upcoming vids :)
@@History_of_China No problem, man. It's pretty normal for most people to be unfamiliar with the Mongolian pronunciation unless they've been to Mongolia or know someone who is ethnically Mongolian and speaks the language. It was the same for me before, until I visited Mongolia and learned it from a native Mongolian friend who lives and works there.
On a side note: Mongolian is extremely difficult to speak fluently and correctly pronounce a lot of the words unless you're a native speaker of the language.
Thanks very clear n precise. Your putonghua pronuciation v good!
Thank you!
Welcome back!
Thank you!
Thank you so much!
Glad you enjoyed :)
Aaah, my favorite notification!
Thanks so much
the king has returned
LOVED IT
Glad to hear it :)
Its interesting how the Southern and Northern divide of China started from here, the borders of the Late Song follow almost the same divide as all the Southern Dialects
I never knew about the tributary staes, thank you!
I thought you were dead ;-; happy to see you back.
Thanks! I have a huge amount of work at university at the moment unfortunately
@@History_of_China same, good luck.
thumbs UP !
One long extended, expanded, accelerated, elongated, enlarged, envisioned, encased, enclosed, encovered, and enclosered kind of history
unlike the ccp version?
Ghost of Tsushima piqued my interest in this dynasty and when your video shifted to the invasion of Japan, I was not disappointed
I couldn't not use clips from it ;)
Unfortunately, nothing was said about the long war with the descendant of Kaan Ogedei - Haidu Khan. But he had his own large khanate, which occupied half of modern Mongolia, East Turkestan and most of the former Chagatai ulus of the Mongol Empire (now the territory of the Central Asian republics of the former USSR). Khaidu did not recognize Khubilai as a kaan and claimed the throne in Karakorum until 1303. The war with him was very difficult for Yuan and, in fact, a losing one during Kublai's life.
Just when he gone he came back
I missed your voice 😊🤭 and your informative content 👌
Thanks!
good video
Another banger
Cheers!
My girlfriend's last name is Yuan so I'm watching this to hopefully come up with a really niche joke
😂 I think you are well on your way!!!
Another day, another perfectly made video by history of China
Really underrated channel
Thank you!
Hey, this is an amazing video, what software or app do you use to create your videos
Thank you! I use both GIMP for image editing, and Sony Vegas as the video editing software :)
About 色目人 se-mu-ren as "people with multi-colored eyes": it is a common mistake. The fact is that in this combination of hieroglyphs they are not translated literally (色目 - "multi-colored eyes"), but are translated according to similar combinations of Chinese terms of the 12-14 centuries. And then these signs (色目) conveyed the meaning of "all sorts, all kinds, others." Therefore, this category of Yuan people meant "all kinds, other (than the Mongols), people".
Привет, извините, ты говорит по Китайский?
Still waiting for thT day you daily upload
2:16 There's a fantastic action film of these events, called "The Fortress" (2017). Funnily enough, was directed by the Squid Game guy!
Nope that movie is about the Manchurian invasion of Korea not the Mongol
Great content. Loved the video.
I'm happy to hear that :)
Hallo and happy new year.:D🍾🥂🎆 how far have you come with the new documentary will it be relesed this week or the next.?:D
Happy New Year!! I've finished writing and started looking for pictures, but it's truning out to be much harder than I expected. It's also pretty long so I'll likely make it in two parts! Not sure about how much longer it will be though, but I'm working hard on it!
Yes, that's how China became as big as today thanks to this Mongol ruler. Great video.
The Tang Dynasty in China was bigger than this, and the Mongols at that time were still one of the many servants on the grassland ~
@@user-jj6mx3tc1g You keep telling your fake story, you might as well start believing in it...
@@lt419 Who is Mongol Shiwei? Is this a fake? So the Mongols were born in 1206?
no. the chinese territory today is due to the Qing dynasty.
after the yuan fell, china only controlled the chinese heartlands and bits of manchuria(they did the control of whole thing out to siberia but only for a small amount of time).
Ming china lost control of Xinjiang, tibet and mongolia(or rather never conquer it in the first place).
Qing china, assimilated Mongolia and reconquered tibet and xinjiang, they also retook taiwan.
the republic of china would then lose control of outer mongolia but kept control of xinjiang. tibet would be de facto independent but never actually declare independence.
the PRC would then win the civil war and take over all the former RoC areas except taiwan. and of course they also retook de facto control of tibet.
@mxn1948 Oh really. I advise you to read this book by John Man: The Mongol Empire - Genghis Khan, his heirs and the founding of modern China, which is one of the historical sources where he tells that thanks to Mongolian ruler Khubilai khaan, China became as big as today.
I hope that one day you will do a video about the Wanli Emperor especially his three great campaigns, the Korean Japanese war has already been covered but the stories of the other two need to be told by someone.
Information regarding the three kingdoms or during the colonial era are often more well known, but the Ming era is not often understood, only really focusing on the treasure ships
For sure! Like I did with the Qing emperors, I intend to cover the biography of each Ming emperor in dedicated videos :)
You should have mentioned that the Mongols gave lots of rights and advancement to every Chinese group that were an underclasses prior to Yuan rule, like the Dali, Koreans, and the Dai.
like what rights?
@@mxn1948 like being able to declare banckrupcy which was an exlusive right for Chinese citizens
@lati long the Korean nobility often intermarried with the ruling Mongols.
As a Chinese, I must say that your statement is wrong. Before the Yuan Dynasty, it is difficult to say that Dali, the Dai people are the nation of China. The Korean nation has even maintained its independent status to this day. So they can't say that the past is inferior. Under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, all ethnic groups were not equal. The Yuan Dynasty discriminated against the Han nationality, the majority ethnic group in China, and the Mongolian nationality held a high position, and appointed other ethnic groups from Central Asia (Semu 色目人) to oppress the Han nationality.
@@user-bt5qg1fo2d before Yuan, the Han Chinese oppressed everyone who wasn't Chinese, during the Yuan only disloyal Han Chinese from the Southern Song were oppressed
hallo again working Hard i guees.?:) after this documentary that will be relesed soon.! And will it be soon a documentary about temür khan.?:)
What a pity...The culture and economic activities of Song dynasty are very remarkable....
When the newly formed mongol nation sent diplomats to the song dynasty, they said something like "our empire is like the ocean, yours is but a handful of sand, how can we ever fear you?..."...well, they should have
My 14th grandfather
Is Temüçin known as Gengiskhaan ☺️
I have Royal blood
I have the biggest family in the world.
Great work. Can you suggest some movies or series related to the Chinese history?
The Last Emperor (1987) is a cinematographic masterpiece which I 100% recommend. Series about Chinese history are usually more romance or martial arts based (or pretty nationalistic and historically inaccurate). The 2010 Romance of the Three Kingdoms is very enjoyable though (but keep in mind it's based on the novel, not historical reccords) !
Netflix Marco Polo series, only 2 seasons but it does worth watching!
The Khmer Empire had during its peak in the 11th to 13th centuries, the largest city in the world Angkor
3:44 does NO ONE learn that executing Mongol envoys won't bode well for their survival?
Usually by the time they learned the lesson they wouldn't survive it. ;)
good
The yuans or Mongols were great invaders. However, what they were good at is also what led to their downfall. They failed at managing what they concurred.
The Yuan's invasions of Vietnam took place in 1283-1285 (second) and 1287-88 (third). Kublai appointed the defected Prince Trần Ích Tắc as the puppet king of Dai Viet because of the reigning Trần Nhân Tông refused to pay tribute.
What happened to the ly dynasty? (dai viet)
@@carljohnson8470
In 1224 the 8th Ly king Hue Tong abdicated and became a monk. His 8 year-old daughter Ly Chieu Hoang became the queen of Dai Viet. In 1226 the Trần family managed to get Trần Cảnh married with the Queen, and thus he became the king. The Lý family's 210 year-rules over Dai Viet were over. People of this clan feared of being persecuted, many changed their surname to Nguyễn. The last son of 7th Ly king Cao Tông, prince Lý long Tường, fled to Korea and became the ancestor of the Hwan Sae Lee clan in Korea. However that account came from Korean sources. Previously, according to Korean accounts, another Vietnamese prince arrived in Korea in 1128 after wandered northern China.
Like neighboring Southeast Asian kingdoms, the Viet kingdom under Ly dynasty erected stone inscriptions by kings, royals, and Buddhist monks. No mention about the two princes in these inscriptions.
@@emgailinhka6979 thanks for sharing knowledge
@@emgailinhka6979 i don't understand vietnamese but i saw a cartoon about ly dynasty most of the ly king are talented they are very kind especially during ly thai tong reign
@ᜋᜌ᜔ᜉᜄ᜔ᜀᜐ the vassalized Dali kingdom in Yunnan did provide troops to the Yuan army during three Yuan invasions of Dai Viet and Campa 1258, 1283-1285, 1288. Yunnan was a transition zone between Southeast Asian, China, Tibet, India.
The biggest consequences of the Yuan invasions of Indochinese kingdoms (Burma, Campa, Dai Viet) were Yuan military weakened, disintegration of Burma, large-scale Tai migration, destruction and decline of both Campa and Dai Viet, gunpowder firearm technology transmission to Southeast Asia.
Chinese and east Asian culture and history fascinate me , kind regards from Scotland
Hallo how does it go with the new documentary soon done or is it still lot of Hard hard work left.?:)
Yet another exceptional script and video
Thank you :)
The more that is learned about Kublai Khan, many will learn how he was possibly the greatest ruler in history. He moved much of civilization forward. Benevolent at heart, he did what he did until he could do what he truly wanted and that was to create a more peaceful, prosperous, scientific, ordered and free society. Also, he helped the artists, architects, and astronomers in their creations. He created a national school system. So much more....you can look it up.
“Benevolent at heart” ahahahaha, I’d hate to see what evil looks like to you
However, Kublai Khan is a traitor to the Mongols. He took the initiative to unite the Han people to establish the Yuan Empire. The state system, culture, writing, and language all use the Han nationality, and the United Song Empire destroyed the Mongolian Empire inherited by Ali Buge!
idk about "forward". the song was as close as any civilization got to the industrial revolution without actually going through the industrial revolution.
his society was not free at all. or did you miss the entire part about the 4 classes of people and how being the wrong race(the han for example) meant you could never hold an important post in his government?
national schooling isnt new, hell the first emperor even closed all schools except those he ran and had control over what they taught.
Kublai is great in the sense that he picked up the pieces left behind by the brutal mongol conquests, and put them back together, and at least in his lifetime, most lives were getting better compared to the wars before him.
可惜忽必烈之后蒙古人治理国家不行，一直内斗。
I am really surprised. You are correctly pronounce kh/ h sound. Thank you
Thanks! I think accurate pronunciation is very important :)
忽必烈虽然是蒙古人，但他确实是一个中国皇帝，元朝的建立者
Request: show dates on all the maps pls
I watch this to help me with my university exam, thanks.
Glad to hear it! Best of luck for the exam :)
Hopefully you could help bringing my Kings and Generals Mongol conquest slideshows to more viewers.
Jin Yong's trilogy :
Legend of the Condor Heroes
Return of the Condor Heroes
Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre
the stories of the rise and fall of Mongolian dynasty in China...