Henry the Navigator - Age of Discovery
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- čas přidán 22. 06. 2023
- We start a new series where the Reconquista left off. With the fall of Granada, the Age of Discovery begins! First up is Henry the Navigator. Henry was the son of John I. He set Portugal on the fast path to discovery. His patronage allowed for the exploration of the coast of Africa, naval improvements like the Caravel, and he was renowned as creating his famous School of Navigation (which may not have existed).
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#age #discovery #Henry
Portugal had this huge and successful empire that very few people know about we need more videos like this.
They totally had the lead on the Age of Discovery and on establishing one of the largest trade empires the world had ever known
I think people most definitely do know about it.. because hundreds of millions of us born in South America speak Portuguese......
@@JoeyVol a lot of people don’t realize how many people actually speak Portuguese
In Brazil only we have more than 200 millions
Most people are pretty ignorant 😒
The most astonishing trait of Henry is that he understood the importance of exploration and colonization, he was indeed a visionary.
He put Portugal on the map
actually this is being disputed by historians. Henry most know history was based by nationalist feelings of XIX and XX century that were selecting memories and sources that serve their will. Most of it was based on Henry's biography that was wrote by himself or some writer that he paid. nowadays there is a book "Atualizar a História" that reviews all Henry's myths and most of it, is a myth or exagerated. So we have to be careful, he is praised nowadays based mostly on his biography and self praise, than on real history. Like the school of navigation, there is no sources from his time that prove his existence. this myth was based on a wrong translation from an foreigner historian centuries later that based his source on João de Barros that was a writer of 16th century, not 15th century.
@@hernanigil3469 What makes you think that the book you mentioned is correct? Just because you accepted whatever version you read doesn't make it correct! What Historians? What are those historians names? What documents do they have to withstand their claims? Spanish historians claim that Columbus and Magellan to be Spanish-born, but that doesn't make them correct, and it is not accepted as true!
Colonizers are horrible people.
Yeah Columbus was born in Genoa in Italy
Portugal, a small country, with a history of achievement as great as nations 10 times its size.
I moved to Portugal in 2019, can't get enough of its history. It's a fascinating country.
If you dont know already, look into the "secret" templar history of Portugal theres a good book about it written by Freddy Silva.
Absolutely. And, by the way, beautiful, correct and seamless use of its and it's in a couple of sentences. That is rare, bordering on unheard of. Go well.
@@tonylove4800Do you know about Prester John?
@@war.and.peace99 i know of the legend. A great white priest in Africa?
@@tonylove4800 Not in Africa but in S.Korea
The most important scholars of Renaissance humanism consider Prince Henry the Navigator to be the most important man in European history.
As attested by a letter written by the Italian sage Poggio Bracciolini to the Infante, in 1448-1449. The literate Italian compares his achievements to those of Alexander the Great, or those of Julius Caesar, praising them even more for being conquests of places unknown to all Humanity. Poggio Bracciolini (1380 - Florence, 1459), was one of the most important humanists of the Italian Renaissance.
Without a doubt, no one else in history has managed to make their actions change the world as much as Prince Henry. He transformed the old world of small villages frozen in time, into a world where the entire planet is part, where all cultures become part of human knowledge.
Especially poor old Europe, full of famine, will benefit most from this. Until then, rich Arab and Asian merchants said that Europe was so poor that the only valuable merchandise were white European slaves.
The world becomes truly global. However, in the 19th century the war for European national pride will make other countries that were looking for the scepter of glory in European history, try to destroy the importance of Henry the Navigator to assume the throne of global history themselves and the only way to achieve this was by accusing him of having "invented" slavery, which is totally false and scandalously shameful on the part of all those who wrote books full of lies just to try to impose slavery on him.
It is so criminally false that there is not a single true document linking it to slavery.
Only after the death of Henry the navigator in 1460 did slavery become necessary for the Americas, which had not yet been discovered at the time of Henry's death.
Therefore, the only way to denigrate him was to say that he took the slaves to the sugar plantations in Madeira. But at the time of his death, Madeira produced little more than cereals. It was the Flemish, Jewish and Genoese who introduced sugar to Madeira. They had already exploited sugar and slaves for over 100 years in the Mediterranean and especially in Sicily.
The Portuguese did not know about sugar and even less about the slavery of Africans.
In 1441, the first black people arrived in Portugal, who were brought by Antão Gonçalves, in the Rio do Ouro region. The captives and not slaves, as the racists like to call them, were treated very well, but Andahu, the native chief, constantly asked to be allowed to return to his land. Infante D. Henrique acceded to his wish, and Antão Gonçalves, when he went back to the Coast of Africa, took the black leader with him.
The relationship with the king of Congo was so good that the Congolese elites began to adopt noble titles, that is, they wanted to be called counts and even dukes.
In the following centuries, the Dutch and companies of German-Jewish capital arrived, and from then until the Belgian king's hands were cut off, the situation of the Portuguese was completely reversed.
Unfortunately, anti-Catholic and anti-Lusophone propaganda spends millions of dollars every year, just to "sow" false stories, designed to praise profit maximization, perpetuating human exploitation and destruction of the planet, through financing books, written intentionally to blame others for their own atrocities.
However, there is a big difference between what Europeans read and what they see when they get to know Portugal and the Portuguese.
The difference between mere dogmatic theory and knowledge through experience was precisely what the Discoveries introduced and that was what made humanity evolve like never before. Therefore, if we go back to blindly believing in mere propagandistic theory, we will be going back 500 years.
What everyone can really see is that the world has completely changed from before to after Henry the Navigator!
🎉❤🇵🇹❤️🇧🇷❤️🎉
Great Portuguese sailors!
But Prince Henry? The Spanish arrived before to Europa, Africa, America, Oceanía and Antartida.
Portuguese not the first Iberians to reach Africa and they are not the first to sail long distances.
Portugal always says: the era of discoveries begins in Ceuta 1415
The empire of Aragon (Spanish) has the first base in Africa in 1380: Djerba, Tunisia. They reach Sicily in 1282, defeating France. And to Athens in 1311, defeating the Turks.
Castile (Spanish) has its first base in Africa in the Canary Islands, in 1404. They sailed long before. The Castilian fleet defeated the English fleet at the Battle of La Rochelle in 1372. Castile invaded southern England in 1377, 1380-81 and 1411, and defeated the Hanseatic League fleet that year. The Spanish also arrived earlier in America, in 1492. Portugal did very well exploring the western African coast, and passing Cape New Spain. Portugal is the leader there.
But it is a parallel expansion of the Spanish and the Portuguese.
Portugal arrives in India in 1498. 4 continents. Spain reached the Pacific Ocean in 1520, and Asia that year, the Philippines. 5 continents.
A parallel Iberian expansion. Spain advances on one side of the world, Portugal on the other...
@@Gloriaimperial1You mean a Portuguese called Magellan reached the Pacific.
@@binalcensored2104 You already know that the rockets that took the USA to the moon were made by the German Von Braun. "The USA didn't arrive, Von Braun arrived..." Nobody says that. Magellan copies the idea of Christopher Columbus (hence the discovery of America in 1492). Magellan becomes a Spanish citizen, the ships are Spanish, and the majority of the sailors are Spanish. The Portuguese try to sabotage the expedition in Seville and the Ocean. Juan Sebastian Elcano completes the circumnavigation of the world with the ship Victoria. Pinzón (Spanish) arrived in Brazil before Cabral, in 1500, and Orellana (Spanish) was the first to explore the Amazon in 1541.
So we are going to congratulate Portugal for the part it has in the responsibility of Magellan's voyage, but we cannot say that Spain did not know how to navigate, or that everything was Portuguese.
Are you German or Spanish, each one an enemy of Portugal?
Thank you for posting the history of Portuguese explorers. The history of Portugal and Spain has been rendered insignificant by most historians.
Prince Henry the Navigator was the Master of the Knights of Christ in Portugal and offshoot of the Knight Templars. Portugal welcomed and protected the Knight Templars.
Templars came to a truly sad end
@@FlashPointHx in Portugal they survived I have recorded ancestors that were Knights of Christ.
@@FlashPointHx, in Portugal the Templar Knight's Order survived as Christ's Order.
Yesssss! Please more Portuguese history 🇵🇹🙏🏻
I agree 🏴 🇵🇹
I would like to, very inyeresting to see the origins and end of the portuguese empire
Amen to that
putugal pobre, aceita e vai dormir bem depois de umas sopas dos pobres muito quente.
Eish quanta azia!!! 😂😂@@pedroluzograal51
As a brazilian I ask for more videos from Portugal Empire. Thanks!
I am almost done with Bartholomeu Dias and Peri de Covhila - what about that ? ;)
@@FlashPointHx Great!
@@FlashPointHxOMG Pero da Covilhã! YES!!!
Antaragni2012 FORA DAQUI FAVELADO NOGENTO !!!!!!!
How Cadamostro was hired by Prince Henry is interesting. His ship was stuck in Portugal due to bad weather and after being told by Portuguese comercial agents of Henry (that wanted him to buy sugar from Madeira) how Portugal sailed to new lands in Africa, he immediately went to Henry's estate and ask him to join in the expeditions.... Henry hired him on the spot.
In his book Il Navigatori, he mentions his voyages and a particular trading spot (resgate) between Portuguese merchants and Wolof people. He mentions how healthy iberian horses could be traded for slaves. Eventually meeting their king and spending a month there.
Instead of returning to Portugal he went further south, meeting other people (some "cruel barbarians" according to the Wolof interpreters, and later by seeing one of the interpreters being killed on the beach by the Serer people).
Would later continue to explore and reach the Gambia river, contacting the Madinka people, with the help of interpreters he was successful on making peaceful contact and got word that several Madinka vassals wanted to open trade with Portugal (perhaps due to the Songhai blocking Mali's trade with North Africa, and using Portugal to circumvent their rival to gain access to the European markets).
Never heard this story - thank you for sharing! These early explorers must have had nerves to steel to sail into the unknown like this.
Important story. Indeed, Henry had forbidden all expeditions to sail south of Cape Verde peninsula for nearly a decade (Serer & Mandinka deemed far too hostile) until Cadamosto decided to give it another shot and push through.
Incidentally, it is through Cadamosto's writings (published in Italian in 1507) that the public first heard of Prince Henry's role in Portuguese discoveries. During his lifetime, Henry's activities were entirely his private affair, involving only a small coterie of merchants and captains he contracted with. Portuguese general public was not really conscious of it - they knew of Prince Henry, of course, but not of his African expeditions. Not even the Portuguese crown, his own brothers, was quite aware of what Henry was up to. Henry kept his own separate records and didn't share information with them. So after his death in 1460, the crown didn't pick up where he left off, but simply leased the whole thing off to a murky private merchant consortium headed by the shadowy Fernao Gomes, who also ran it privately for over a decade (and also kept the crown in the dark). It is only around 1480, with the ascent of John II, an unusual king with mercantile instincts, that the Portuguese crown finally took an active interest and lead in African explorations and trade.
So to call it "Portuguese" before that is a bit of a misnormer. It was "Henrican", involving only Henry & his friends. Portuguese crown and public were kept quite out of the loop.
It is only with Cadamosto writings, a half-century after his death, after the Portuguese had circumvented Africa and traveled to India, Brazil, etc., that the public first learned about the Henrican enterprise! (and Cadamosto helped seriously polish Henry's reputation retrospectively - until then, the Portuguese public remembered Prince Henry almost entirely negatively, merely as a treacherous, greedy little jackass, with a penchant for betraying his brothers. Might not be entirely inconsistent - one has to be bit of a greedy jackass to launch and run the Henrican enterprise!)
Salve a Inclita Geração, filhos de Dom João I:
Fernando "Infante Santo" e Henrique "O Navgeador"
The Illustrious generation indeed!
Hey loved your video. The Alliance between England and Portugal was consolidated with the marriage of Joao l with Filipa Lencastre. One of the bravest king of those days. From this marriage there was 5 strongest princes. Joao l leading with his best Aljubarrota general and his 5 prince sons. There was the most feareless kingdom in Europe in that time.
Portuguese here. Thanks to Henry and all those intrepid sailors that followed him and discovered 70% of the world im very proud to be Portuguese. Thank you for showing part of this amazing journey to the world. It´s a story worthy of being told. Movies have been done for way less.
Só descobrimos dois arqipélagos. Madeira e Açores. O resto já estava colonizado.
Estás a brincar ou esse comentário é pura ignorância?@@franciscoangeles1571
@@franciscoangeles1571 Ninguem falou em colonizacao. A palavra usada foi descobrimento. Com que entao o caminho maritimo para a india ja era conhecido.... Hummm os povos da america do sul sabiam dos portugueses..... os descobrimentos foram reais, todos os continentes e povos ficaram ligados pela primeira vez na historia. Francisco, tira essa palavra feia, colonizacao, da cabeça.
This is going to be Incredible ❤❤❤😊😊😊😊😊😊
Two points: First is that Portugal was the first modern imperial power, starting like you describe. There were three "empires", the first was based on the spice trade, it went as far as Japan, it conquered Malacca and died out during the dynastic union with Spain, as the Dutch and the British followed the routes used by the Portuguese and ransacked the empire. The Portuguese were not over-keen to defend this as it was now Spanish. The second "empire" was based on Brazil, the gems, gold, sugar and other commodities. This went belly-up with Brazil's independence in 1821. The third "empire" was once again based on the African colonies and their riches, this went over the side in 1974. The much-vaunted British empire only started in the 18th century and was consolidated after the Indian Mutiny when the trade and power was taken from the various rapacious "companies" and paced under crown control.
The second point concerns the slave trade. You paint it as if the Portuguese started it. This is grossly untrue, it had been going on in Europe for centuries albeit on a small scale. Captured enemies (specially non-Christian ones) were in general enslaved. it was rife during the Roman Empire, and what the Portuguese did was tap a new source of manpower they could buy from the local chieftains (yes, africans sold africans...) for relatively cheap goods. The enslavement of africans had been ongoing for centuries by the islamic arabs, there is on CZcams an interesting video by a Nigerian professor of sociology that estimates that something like 18 MILLION young African men were taken as slaves, subjected to the compulsory radical castration (penis and testicles) from which less than 20% survived. This is not only slavery, it's near genocide.
Please correct your facts, Europeans had a relatively minor role in the enslavement of Africans, I understand that for an American this is the relevant part as it still affects your society, but facts are facts even if they do not fit the current political narrative...
glad you shared this - it wasn't my intention to paint the Portuguese as starting the slave trade - but they definitely a part of this.
Portugal was the first and last modern empire! only ending with the delivery of Macau to the Chinese in 1999.
@@Fabiani930, the lasts moderns empires are Russia and China.
@@FlashPointHx you can definitly say the portuguese started the atlantic slave trade
Which were africans selling eachother to Portuguese metchants.
The battle of Diu was one of the must important battles ever. This happens when the Portugees arrived in India. At that time the species where controlled bij the Ottomans, Genova and Venezia. The Portugees fought against this coalition. If I’m not mistaken 20 Portuguese Naus agains 200 of the coalition’s. Huge victory for Portugal and for the Catholics. The battle of Diu is on the 6th of the most important battle of all times. I’m really proud of my country history and for everything Portugal has given to the world.
incredible videothe House of Aviz really did produce some of the very best royalty that portgugal ever had!
His descendants weren’t just conquerors - but also thinkers and scientists - smart family
@@FlashPointHx Yep!
@@FlashPointHx Except the last one of them. That one ended up not being very smart at all..
I disagree,the Aviz are very overrated,the one that actually put Portugal on right path was D.João II,before that the expedition were to find Prester John to kill Muslims,the money the made along the way were the bonus,King D.João II made the project of linking Europe and India directly and funded the expeditions like Diogo Cão and Bartolomeu Dias,the exploration was pretty much neglected between Prince Henry death(1460) and when D.João II becomes the de facto ruler of Portugal(1477)
@@lunogD.Sebastião had a very solid reign before Alcácer Quibir,D.Afonso V it's arguably the worst Aviz,followed closely by D.Manuel I.
Just for context, John I had many reasons to attack Ceuta, ward off moorish pirates that raided the portuguese coast regularly, go for the source of wheat in Morocco and investigate where gold and ivory was coming from in caravans, spread Christianity,keep his soldiers busy (after the war in 1385 the defeated castillians only signed a peace treaty in 1415, it was cold war for 30 years) but also legitimize his rule internationaly, he was a bastard after all, son of Peter I the Cruel. Edit: thank you, great video.
I so wanted to include his sobriquet ‘the bastard’ but just couldn’t squeeze it into the narrative. You surmised his intentions well here
but you missed the whole motivation for invading ceuta!
@@isabellemani6453 money, trade routes, money, stop Islam, money, glory, and did I mention money?
@@FlashPointHx, the TRUE love history of Prince/King Peter 'The Cruel' and Lady Inês de Castro deserves a own video.
How is there no movies made on this. This are amazing stories
Right?
It was inside the halls of the Castle of Portel that Henry told his brother King Edward not to deliver Ceuta, thus condemning Ferdinand to die a miserable death in Fez in 1443.
"Rogai por mim a El-Rei, que é a última vez que nos veremos!"
"Plea for me to the King, for we shall not see each other again!"
Ferdinand's farewell to his brother.
They call Fernando "Infante Santo" which roughly translated is something like "Saint Prince" because he agreed to be delivered as hostage to the "infidels" knowing fully well what his destiny was as you mention in your comment.
@@Fabiani930Ferdinand and his companions were treated as noble hostages. But Henry was indecisive about handing over Ceuta, which was the agreement he had with Moroccan after his failed attempt to conquer Tangier and was being besieged instead. So Moroccan doubted that Henry would fulfill the agreement. Only until then, Ferdinand was sent to Fez and treated as a common prisoner.
As a portuguese, i must admit that i learned some of the facts that you presented here at school, but you went in so much deep without rambling on. Congrats and thank you. You got yourself a new subscriber 💯👏
Glad to hear that!
Loved it! Can't wait for more stuff about Portugal!
Bart Dias and Da Gama is next
Espetáculo!!!
@@FlashPointHx, "Bart Days" & "James Dog"?
Words cannot describe how happy I am that you are covering the seige/conflict of Ceuta. My knowledge of this conflict was fairly general until watching this. Ceuta is a must-visit cite for history lovers. It's very easy to access via ferry from Algeciras, Spain.
Decades from now, your series on the Iberian Peninsula will be mandatory viewing for anyone seeking information on the peninsula. Im delighted you're covering, and covering masterfully, the often overlooked histories of Spain and Portugal.
Hey we missed you this morning at the premiere - Happy that you had a chance to watch this and that you liked it!
@@FlashPointHx sorry I missed the premier. Work is non-stop in the morning.
Por favor, continua a contar a nossa História em Inglês. Este homem merece uma comenda, não estes que andam a chegar agora no barco da banana! VIVA PORTUGAL!
I love your documentaries, keep them coming! Portuguese history seems underrepresented compared to other European countries so it’s great to see this. I have enjoyed your recent series of Isabel of Castile….I am currently in Spain for the first time, seeing Granada and Sevilla where it all took place.
Thank you - jealous that you’re in Granada!! Hope you have a fun time out there and get a chance to see where the Reconquista history all came down.
It is because we are small and our exploits are so gigantic compared to other well known countries they just get jealous + we do not own a part of Hollywood or broadcasting media like for instance the British do
Find the Café Futbol for the best Churros and Chocolat in Granada...and Los Diamontes ( there are 3) serve great fish tapas. My best friend is Spanish, from Granada, and that's where they go ! Enjoy.... they are beautiful cities.
@@ericgrace9995I was disappointed with Spanish food until I went to Granada and Sevilla. Didn’t see your post until after I left, but I loved the food there and thanks for the recommendations:)
That intro was perfect, masterful pacing. Thank you for this video, this is such an interesting time in history, everything is at an inflection point: cartography, gunpowder, religion, science, civics, ethics, economics. You can see the dovetails of the European miracle coming together all throughout the 15th century, and Henry might be its heraldic personification. I'm so pumped for this series!
Jacob - you said this so well! Totally agree with this!
@@FlashPointHxthanks for this good work!
By the way, what is the name of the program you use to do this impressive videos?
@@pedroluis758 thank you - I use Apple Motion and Final Cut Pro
@@FlashPointHx Thank you for the information! I appreciate it!
Keep up the good work!👍😀
@@FlashPointHx by the way, I'm from Leiria, Portugal. Currently live in the US!
Absolutely amazing. I didn’t know this story at all. Thank you !
You are so welcome Ealdorman!
It's a great video, greetings from Azerbaijan
This is what I've been waiting for! Can't wait till Cabral and Brazil!!
Who? Nah just kidding
I suspect the Portuguese knew about Brazil long before it was public information.
@@truthseeker9163 yeah, I agree
Apartir de agora vou passar a chamar todos os John de João e Henry de Enrique...
I find it beyond interesting that Prince Henry initiated many of the economic institutions that drove the European age of discovery & colonization. Comments about people forgetting about the Portugese contribution are relivant. Albeit, problems back home and the Dutch followed by the Brits poaching much of their empire are in part responsible for this. Great video.
This alliance with the british was and is horrible. They "only" helped us in the aljubarrota battle and then many years later proceeded to fucks us the ass multiple times while we helped them alot. I feel disgusted that we still have them as allies. I hate french people but boy...
Em Portugal este homem é conhecido por "Infante D. Henrique". Ele e os seus irmãos - filhos do rei D. João I - são conhecidos por "Ínclita Geração" pois todos se distinguiram na época em que viveram. ( escrever em português é mais gostosoooo :) )
Note that Portugal was not a poor country, quite the contrary!
Portugal was one of the richest and most developed nations in Europe at the time of D. Dinis (1261-1325), the vision and entrepreneurial capacity allowed the royal treasury to dispose of funds to make loans to its neighboring kings, as documented in the chronicles: ao rei of Aragon and the King of Castile. It also allowed him to be generous in the gifts he made whenever he went on diplomatic missions.
Numerous Europeans, coming from France, England, Italy, Germany and other places, came to live in Portugal, taking advantage of the dynamism that the king gave and due to the more favorable and abundant situation in Portugal.
The Iberian Peninsula was known for its abundant resources even before the Romans and grew more than the rest of the European areas. “It grows even more in the 9th-10th century, being the richest area in the 10th century and this growth is never stopped. Christian gains must be understood by this growth.” To this we must add a series of "favorable circumstances", among them their stable monarchies, with the kingdom of Castile and Aragon "very organized, composed of a warrior society with warriors who were created in the border struggle". Portugal, for its part, seeks above all “control of the Atlantic, where it has invested heavily, and allows it to conquer a position of global leadership, especially in what will later be called Brazil”.
In the distribution of the new lands, other western European kingdoms are excluded for various reasons”, as can be seen by the thousands of famines in northern Europe, by the countless migrations from northern Europe to Portuguese territory over almost every century, in the last thousands of years and, finally, by the large number of monuments, documents, churches and castles that exist in much greater numbers in the Iberian Peninsula.
The so-called Great Famine was restricted to northern Europe, including the British Isles, northern France, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Germany and western Poland. In the north, crops were very often destroyed by cold weather, rain, hail and frost. The famine was limited to the south by the Alps and the Pyrenees. Famines were familiar occurrences in medieval Europe. Localized famines occurred in the Kingdom of France during the 14th century in 1304, 1305, 1310, 1315-1317 (the Great Famine), 1330-1334, 1349-1351, 1358-1360, 1371, 1374-1375, and 1390. England, there were additional famines in 1321, 1351 and 1369. Even King Edward II himself in 1315 could not get bread. But it was in Scandinavia that famines were more intense and constant, the cold climate and low light made famines prevail over time. That's why they were forced to risk their lives in stormy seas to steal from other peoples in order to survive, living with the limitations and uncertainties that war always determines. Hence the lack of monuments and constructions of the time, because only a society with resources that guarantee food, with a stable agriculture, peace and confidence in the future, can achieve this.
There is still great confusion about this, due to what was romanticized and fictionalized, or just built more recently, at the end of the 19th century but described as medieval. The truth of northern European reality has been transformed into fictional tales about princes and princesses wrapped in wealth, but the documentary and monumental truth is completely different. Furthermore, the Nazi office of falsification of historical facts, manipulated the Nordic weakness to appear as "superior to everything".
Added to this is the poverty caused by the endless wars over territorial limits that destroyed and ruined the resources of European countries, but which in Portugal no longer existed (*with rare exceptions), as Portugal was the first country in Europe to have its border limits demarcated . Hence the Lusitanian nation, with a stable present, turned to the future and looked to the unknown world, to the sea beyond and how to create and develop the technological and scientific means to get there.
There is positional and internal organization so that the countries of the peninsula have an undisputed hegemony. In Iberia, the climate was warm, mild, the region was diverse and crossed by countless rivers that irrigated the land and served as transport routes, connecting and transporting the economy of this region full of varied resources, from the sea rich in fish, to to the interior of the Iberian Peninsula and vice versa. In addition, agriculture evolved a lot, with the introduction of new Arab cultivation and irrigation techniques, hitherto unknown in Europe.
The great scientific, technical, maritime and human development that Portugal created to travel around the world and beyond, was prepared over the centuries and that is why Portugal made Europe rich and developed, changing that of small, poor, closed, in the medieval era, in the continent that would lead the world until today.
D. Dinis established a centralizing policy, articulated with important economic promotion actions, such as the creation of numerous municipalities and fairs.
He ordered the exploitation of copper, silver, tin and iron mines and organized the export of surplus production to other European countries.
Foreign trade - Cereal production soon surpasses domestic consumption and Portugal becomes an exporting kingdom, establishing commercial relations with ports in Catalonia, Brittany, Flanders and England, signing the first commercial treaty with Edward II of England in 1308. Wine, olive oil, salt, salted fish and dried fruit are also exported to these ports. Even abroad, Portuguese merchants began to gain privileges: Philip IV of France donated privileges to Portuguese merchants on two occasions, in 1290 and in 1310, on this date specifically to the merchants of Harfleur.
Once the Reconquest was concluded, Dinis I of Portugal became interested in foreign trade, organizing exports to European countries. In 1293 he instituted the so-called Bolsa dos Mercadores, a maritime insurance fund for the numerous Portuguese merchants residing in the County of Flanders, who paid certain sums according to tonnage, which reverted to their benefit if necessary. Algarve wine and chestnuts were sold in Flanders and England, salt from the Lisbon, Setúbal and Aveiro regions were profitable exports to Northern Europe, as were leather and Kermes, a scarlet dye.
Internal trade - This commercial increase resulted in an increase in the number of fairs. Dinis continues his father's impulse in this field: the regions of Entre Douro e Minho, Beira and Alentejo were covered with fairs, namely tax free fairs, that is, fairs with privileges and exemptions.
To avoid dependence on neighboring states for the transport of goods, he ordered the construction of ships in the kingdom's shipyards. The country claims leadership in trade between the North Atlantic and the South and therefore, the king lays the foundations for the construction of innovative ships, which combine the characteristics of resistant Atlantic ships, with the lightness and versatility of navigability in the Mediterranean. Foreign sailors even came to combine specific knowledge of their maritime regions, with what Portuguese specialists and researchers were looking for and this is how the Genoese Manuel Pessanha is attributed the position of admiral as a privilege, founding a true Portuguese navy at the service of the Crown and the Kingdom.
He pursued relevant judicial reforms, instituted the Portuguese language as the official language of the court, created one of the first European Universities, freed the Military Orders in the national territory from foreign influences and continued to systematically increase royal centralism.
In a time of national affirmation of economic prosperity and peace led by a king with an administrative and economic vocation, it would confirm the continuation of the use of new money as opposed to old money. There is also a novelty in a silver alloy coin, with its name Tornes. This coin is a reflection of the success of the coin in France and a sign of growing trade in Europe. It was also a credibility mechanism showing that there was good silver currency in Portugal.
A monarch more devoted to economics and the arts than to war, he developed a policy of monetary stability and boosted the economy, especially agriculture. He promoted the extraction of various minerals, the creation of fairs and the development of the navy. "In these lands, countless knights from France became residents, who integrated themselves into local life. Their descendants, already assumed themselves completely as Portuguese".
During his reign, D. Dinis founded 44 villages throughout his kingdom, including the village of Atouguia. In them he built and repaired his castles. He created one of the top 3 universities in Europe, the University of Coimbra / Lisbon.
Cultivated and curious about letters and science, he would have stimulated the translation into Portuguese of many important works, among them the treatises of his grandfather Afonso X, the Wise. In this way, his Court was one of the greatest literary centers in Europe.
also the Templars that fled from France brought knownledge and wealth into the new Order of Christ that absorved these templars.
Well, the templars learnt in Portugal, they didnt bring any navigation secrets from other parts, these knowledge was created and developed by Portuguese, scientists and navigators during several centuries.
I totally agree. Dinis was the greatest among the masterminds of the portuguese nation.Only after him , his entrepeneurial capacity and the fact that he transformed the kingdom in one of the most prosperous kingdoms in Christendom, could Portugal dream of becoming the first global empire.
Do you guys have anyone on your team that speaks or reads Portuguese? The letters traded among the Ilustrious Generation are a treasure trove. Personally I feels Henry has a better reputation than he deserves and Peter is far too overlooked.
My team is myself - unfortunately I don't speak Portuguese. That said I have a lot of contact in the online community that are Portuguese that help me out
Pedro "The Well Traveled" was Regent to his nephew and future king Afonso V, they clashed later on and Pedro lost, he was mostly erased from history, but yes, he was pivotal in bringing technology, state of the art cannons and much more so Henry could thrive in the discoveries, it is also said he was the one responsible for the colonizing effort of Madeira and Azores.
On the other hand, as stated in this great video, Henry was not an explorer and most definitively not a sailor, he was your typical zealot medieval man in that regard, wanted to profit of course, but above all, convert Africa to Christianity, defeat the Marinid dynasty by linking up with the fabled Preste João and creating a christian african empire.
@@parvuspeachdo you know the myth that Henry probably could be gay and by that reason he was sent away from court to Porto because of the royall family image? I don't think he wanted to spread Christianity, I guess he just liked to be surrounded by sea man...
lmao@@andrepintodude
Un gran video como siempre. Tus videos sobre la historia de los reinos de la peninsula iberica son impecables. Imparcial y contando la historia justo como fue. Grandes graficos, guion y musica. Un verdadero placer seguir tu trabajo y canal.
Thank you so much for this awesome comment. I am really happy that you liked my videos!
Muchas gracias por este increíble comentario. Estoy muy feliz de que te hayan gustado mis videos!
Os portugueses não são ibéricos nada de confusões.
@@pedrorodrigues7285 em que península vivem os portugueses?
@@cscpsamuel quem deu o nome à península foram os gregos e apenas baseados nas tribos que viviam nas margens do Ebro, ora esse rio nem nasce e nem desagua no actual território português.
Além disso naquela altura o fim do mundo conhecido acabava nas colunas de Hércules, o actual território português estava para lá dessa linha, logo.
@@pedrorodrigues7285 sim, tem que ver com os celtiberos, que por sua vez também habitavam no território português.
Mas não, o mundo conhecido não terminava no estreito de Gibraltar, não te esqueças que na zona Magrebe se desenvolveram grandes focos civilizacionais (tais como os cartagineses). Assim como durante o domínio romano tens a província da Mauritânia, assim como mais tarde nas migrações germânicas os vândalos para lá vão.
On the ends of the ocean, the mostrengo
took flight in the dark of the night
Around the caravel he flew three times
Three times he flew, all the while screeching:
"Who is the one who dares to enter
in my lair, place I do not reveal
my light-less end-of-the-world lair?"
And the helman shook al over and said:
"El-Rei Dom João Segundo!"
"Whose are these sails I brush against?
»
Whose this keel, I see and hear?"
Said the mostrengo. turning three times,
Three time he turned, filthy,
"Who comes with power that is mine alone,
I, who dwell in a place unseen
And drain the fears on the depthless sea?"
And the helman trembled and said:
"El-Rei Dom João Segundo!"
Three times the helman stretched his hands,
three times they returned to the helm,
And said, as he trembled three times:
"Here at the helm it is much more than me:
;
I am a People who wants your sea
And, more than the mostrengo, whom my soul fears,
and turns, in the shadows of the end-of-the-world,
reigns the will, the will that ties me to the helm,
of El-Rei Dom João Segundo!"
Traverssing hte Cape of Bonjador was a major task, took 8 years and 15 expeditions, this task was started to being debated by the church and take as "suicide", cause of the death rate. Infante Dom Henrique had to debate over theologians why this was not suicidal and was feasible. The tripulation was either killed or enslaved by the muslim locals.
For them it was truly the end of the world - it must have taken some serious will to go beyond that point
I suggest you do a special video about "A Escola de Sagres". The Tecnologica secrets are equivalent the Space Race
King John I deserves recognizition for centuries before Skyrim, he already had took a arrow "near" his knee when he was an adventurer.
No doubt :)
Enjoyed this very much! As I commented before, please more Portuguese history. You do a great job! I've been sharing away your videos with family!
Awesome, thank you! Bart Dias is up next and then Vasco Da Gama
I’m always so excited to watch your videos! Like many of your other videos, I’m not very familiar with the topic but pumped to learn about it!
This Channel needs far more recognition that it has. Fantastic work.
Flashpoint are you going to cover the entire rise and fall of the Portuguese empire. If so please go into detail on the control they had over south india and srilanka. Love the content keep it up
The Azores were first "avistados" in 1427 by Diogo Silves (de Silves--a city in Algarve) and "discovered" in 1431 by Goncalo Velho Cabral.
Portugal have a great run, they change the world in many ways. Vida Longa ao Império Português! Salve Maria Santíssima e Viva Cristo Rei!
Im late to the party, but on time to still enjoy it. This is a fantastic start to this new series.
By the way, achievement unlocked, that was a perfect touch.
Really happy that you liked it bear - yeah I’m gonna continue on with the achievement unlocked thing. Next video will have those too
@@FlashPointHx fantastic creative choice.
You should also do a history of how England 'tripped' into the Age of Discovery, with the capture of the Madre de Deus, a portuguese ship with a cargo of 500 tons, during the Elizabethan era.
Portugal, England's ally, was at the time under the Spanish yoke, so it was technically a Spanish ship and it was all fair game to the generation of Sea Dogs. When the ship was eventually sailed into Dartmouth, it was riding 1.5m higher than when it set out from the Azores, due to the pilfering that had taken place en route. Three days of the locals pillaging the ship before Walter Raleigh was released from prison to go sort it out, but and it was found to still contain more wealth than the English treasury had.
If you're going to embark on this journey of portuguese history, prepare yourselves. Many battles and myths and sacrifices and discoveries where made that you might not have time to go through them all. Small country, great achievements. Good luck & Hope you can navigate through it all.
Hey, thanks from Portugal for reminding Prince´s Henry legacy.
My pleasure!
And... Here... We... Goooooo🎉🥳
Something new to look forward to the coming year. 😎
Thaaaank youuuu🍻🍻
I'll se you Friday!
the manpower of Portugal was the assimilation with the natives, Portugal had local commanders, chiefs, priests, to managed the territory under the Portuguese Crown, there was no segregation by race in the Portuguese empire, like the Dutch and British had.
They also encouraged their sailors to mix with the locals as their children would be immune to the local diseases, but still loyal to Portugal while growing their numbers.
The church was completely against this as they didn't want Catholic sailors marrying pagan natives, but they could never enforce this.
@@mbern4530 a fun fact is that the first democratic act in America occured in Brazil in one of these local communities where people could chose/elect what chief would lead them.
Read about how they tried to conquer the kingdom of Kandy in Sri Lanka. They really should have been nicer to the natives 😂
@@lost_porkchop hello??? we are talking about colonization with native tribes, not about treacherous kingdoms that break alliances and stab you in the back like India did in a cowardly way.
@@lost_porkchopPortugal did own most of Sri Lanka though,they lost it to Dutch not to Natives.
👍👍👍As always, great vid, thank you Sir!!
Appreciated you being here for the first premiere
AS a portuguese i have to say that...tank you Portugal
considering its size, portugal truly achieved wonders.
Excellent start to discovery age
Hey thanks Kevin!
Interesting🤔 I will be there tomorrow!!
great video, I'm Portuguese and I know our history, but I'm impressed with the details, it looks like a documentary, good job
Thank you so much! You have heritage to be very proud of
Great video as always FPH!
Thanks for joining my first premiere K!
Very good video. It's always refreshing when a CZcamsr brings Portuguese History.
GREAT little documentary. Would like to see similar, so at least I included a warning bell on the subscribe bell, each time anything new comes along. Have a nice weekend everyone! From Alv, Norway
Awesome, thank you! Yeah I think YT doesn't always do a great job with notifications - but definitely ring the bell
hi from Portugal, thank you for the best codfish in the world!
So happy to see this new series after your superb Reconquista series! These tales of exploration and adventure don't get the attention that they deserve. Well done!!!
Planning to do a full history for Castille and Portugal following the reconquista? Would be an awesome followup series to give us a more compllete history of the Iberian peninsula !
This discovery series is going to be a way for me to cover the new world and the conquest of the Aztec and Inca
@@FlashPointHx looking forward to it
Highly informative and beautifully illustrated. Well done.
Thank you kindly!
I think the School of Navigation would have been on his ship.
I love your content and the art is beautiful in your videos
Thank you so much Trey !
The future of history class
Yes sir! Would love if teachers use my content in classes
I am Brazilian and I love the Portuguese Empire history. In fact they teach the other colonial Powers how to do that (in two words: navy power)
They say that every civilization that ignored its navy never made it - those that embraced its navy became eternal.
duas palavras: putugal pobres 🤣
portuguesitos têm um legado de genocídios coloniais 💀☠💀
It's our common history and our common ancestors.
Abraço transatlântico!
Thanks for this, Nitin. Can't wait for the rest of the series. Great job as always.
Thank you for joining me in the premier - Bart Dias is up next!
@@FlashPointHx The man that turned Storms into Good Hope
@@LuciusJose2 not a bad PR moment in history
Hey, I'm not sure if you're going to read this comment, I hope you do. This video was great, and from looking at some replies you said you are planning on doing more videos about other portuguese navigators, well...I think it would be interesting to make a video about the "Corte-Real Family".
I think they're probably one of the most fascinating families in Portugal's history, yet no one speaks about them, even in Portugal. They started under the radar as low nobility, coming from a very small town in the south corner of Portugal, but grew into a powerful house amongst the portuguese nobility that even they couldn't probably imagine. Eventually the King even gave this family 2 islands in the Azores for them to rule over. The palaces they built and lived still stand to this day in the islands.
Their history crosses for 400+ years, and their specialty was sailing the Ocean since most were navigators and trained their sons to be as well, their voyages to North America are something that is still in debate...they went to Denmark when they were young and learned about Greenland, and so there's some sources that claim they reached NA before Colombus, in east Canada, before the English and the French. Some of them disappeared in the Ocean never to be found, but some of their descendants eventually fight in the Napoleonic Wars.
Fascinating - send me a link where I can get more info on this
@@FlashPointHx Most of what I know is from the archaeological site in Tavira and the Museum beside it, but I read some stuff online as well in the past, I'll try to find it...but most are old records in portuguese, will that be a problem?
This is such an interesting period in time , will watch every video you put out. 🔥
Agree - the world changed so much so quickly
Nice vídeo!
Obrigado
❤️🇵🇹
Always informative and always beautiful. Thanks 🙏🏼
My pleasure!
By far my favorite narrator!!!
Hey thanks!
Portugal a country with 90,000 square kilometers built the first global impire, with about 11 million square kilometers.
Just came across your channel and love the content! I'm definitely going to be binge watching these for sure!
Welcome aboard!
Amazing video, how brave these man had to be... Set sail into the unknown.
It took a lot of guts to go forth into the unknown
os portuguesitos pobres so têm um legado de genocídios coloniais 💀☠💀
Thank you for telling our history to more people, great work with the research and making of this video. You've gained a new subscribed, can't wait to see more videos like this.
Brilliant how much autonomy John I gave his son Henry to conduct his affairs, something that clearly turned out to be Great.
Henry wasn't the only one. John and his children were known as the "illustrious generation' - They were all intellectuals and thinkers.
@@FlashPointHx Truly on the road to the golden age of Portugal
Thanks! Best Regards from Portugal ❤🇵🇹
so very well done, awesome
Thanks!
Thanks very much for sharing this with us. I love history and Portugal has a very rich history that few people knows about
Lovely !!!!!❤❤❤
Thank you so much!
Things are about to get Navigated!!!
Hahahahah!! Hey man congrats again!! So happy for you!
Congratulations! Good stuff! Excelent theme!!!
Awesome as always.
Thank you! Cheers!
Thanks for the amazing video...Congrats
Thanks for watching!
Excellent video as always
Thanks !
Nice video. I liked the video game sounds when an important achievement was unlocked. That was cool.
Thank you! Yeah it took me a bit to find that sound
@@FlashPointHx---Your welcome. And it was worth the effort.
Great video, very interesting!
Thank you!
Well done here Sir and your Team
Thank you so much !
You keep a consistent quality of work !
I'm hoping to learn Blender so I can do some 3D animation
@@FlashPointHx You completely lost me there. I use Blender for cooking...
@@ericgrace9995 it’s a free to use software which allows you to compile and create 3-D objects and then use them in videos :)
Dude ....a new FPH vid. Best Friday night in months
Thanks Savage! Happy you liked this!
I enjoyed this, thanks.
Happy that you liked it !
Can’t wait!!!!!!!
I am from Ghana great video
Fact fact: the city El Mina meaning the mines in Portugues
Good job as usual.
Thanks again!
All great Empires seem to have divine intervention taking part in their foundation process.
Awesome thanks
Anytime
I love this channel, it's fantastic, so well done, better than any documentary produced by either Amazon or Netflix, top of the game.
Just disagree with some of the "modern historian" view into the narrator, Infante Dom Henrique never procured personal wealth, maybe some sort of glory, but majorly was in search to expand the Church, to prove this you just need to look to his life, he financed many campaigns and died as a poor man, donated what was left to the Order of Christ.
Neither Portugal looked for wealth in #1 place, Rei Dom João spend all his wealth on maps, sended embassies all over Europe to acquire every available map, hired the best mathematicians including jews. Portugal had so much of that Reconquista spirit that even proposed to Spain to conquer the Emirate of Granada, in the name of Spain, just to see the moors out of their Iberia. Spain just conquered Granda cause it was getting ugly for then, their small neighbour was expanding the Reconquista do Africa, while Spain was letting the infidels remain in Europe, just for context the fall of Ceuta was in 1415 and Granada just fell in 1492. So the development of navigation by Portugal was majorly influenced by this Reconquista spirit, they absolutely hated muslims.
I would like to say that reason #1 was to spread christianity, but it would be one understatement of the sheer hatred that portuguese had over islam, as their history points toward its crusader origin with Dom Afonso Henriques I, "to choose between the 30 coins of silver or the sword to fight the '5 reis mouros'", as Christ promised to Dom Afonso on his personal appearance, being it a legend or not, I believe that this actually happened, it surely was on the imaginary of portuguese population, on their minds as long as they fought against islam, they would exist as an independent state.
A lot of what they did was for the Church and to curtail Islam - even the Quest for Prestor John was about that
@@FlashPointHx True. There were two major factions with slightly different interests though: The nobility/clergy faction that wanted to continue the Cruzades spirit fighting muslims and spreading Christianism and converting infidels in North Africa and the new emergent Renaissance burgois/merchant faction that valorized more the comercial part of the expansion and therefore was more interested in the discoveries of new lands and in trying to find the sea route to India. The Prestor Jonh story was probably emphasised and used as a way to convince the nobility/clergy faction that it was worth pursuing new discoveries in order to try to find that mythical kingdom.
Also, depending of the King in power, one of the two factions will have more influence through all this initial expansion period. For example; Afonso V (1432-1481), who considered himself a Cruzader above anything else, became known as "The African" precisely because during his reign he expanded the kingdom only into North African muslim territories and he pratically stopped suport for new discoveries of lands and routes along the African coast.
As an historic curiosity, this confront between these two factions is highly symbolic of the final confront between the old Medieval world mindset, that was slowly disapearing, and the new Renaissance Modern world that was now emerging all over Europe.
Great videos btw, following your great channel since the Reconquista series.
Good quality!
Thanks!