Fall of the Malacca Sultanate | How 1000 Portuguese Soldiers Toppled an Empire
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- čas přidán 7. 06. 2024
- Malaysian history often centers around the Malacca Sultanate. The Malacca Sultanate was a diverse and prosperous merchant empire with extensive trade networks throughout the Indian Ocean, but in 1512CE its capital city was captured by a small Portuguese invasion force. The event sent the Malacca Sultanate into a tailspin from which it never recovered.
Despite how important the event is to Southeast Asian and Indian history, few know the details. In fact, the Fall of the Malacca Sultanate is a story that involves many fascinating people, from feuding Tamil and Gujarati merchant lords to an imprisoned Portuguese soldier who managed to ferry secret messages to his comrades.
I hope you enjoy this video!
Notable source used:
"An Examination of the Fall of Melaka in 1511" by RW McRoberts.
"The Rise and Fall of the Great Melakan Empire" by Cheah Boon Kheng
"Ming China's Support for Sultan Mahmud of Melaka and its Hostility Towards the Portuguese After the Fall of Melaka in 1511" by Cheah Boon Kheng
"A Study in Growth: an Economic History of Melaka 1400-1510" by RW McRoberts
#portuguese #portugal #malacca
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Lotus by Kevin MacLeod
Link: incompetech.filmmusic.io/song...
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
Hope you enjoy this video on the Fall of the Malacca Sultanate! For some interesting history tidbits, check out my instagram: instagram.com/oddcompasshistory/
Sources are in the description. In addition, I cross-referenced Portuguese records (Pires, Ruy), the Sejarah Melayu, and Ming Chinese records where relevant.
There are a lot of surprising moments here -- from the importance of Tamil, Gujarati, and Chinese merchants in the Malacca administration, to the use of unique naval bombardment strategies.
Next video, I'll be returning to the Indian subcontinent!
nxt Talk about chola s trade with song dynasty of china
@@blackpearl5834 That may be part of a larger video on Chola trade/connections with the rest of the world (and the maritime Silk Road).
@@OddCompass take ur own time.
🙏we will wait for it
Could you do a video on the Kannauj Triangle Period ?
BUT WHY AYUTTHAYA COULDN'T CONQUER MALACCA OR MAJAPAHIT??
Funny thing is that Malaysian History textbook paints the Malacca sultanate as a rather unsophisticated, early medieval style empire defeated by an advanced European empire when in fact in reality the sultanate was far more advanced than what was written in the history books
True
They don’t want to admit our weakness persisted since Malacca Sultanate until now: shitty politics
Yup it's very sad to think that our government from the past until now still doesn't change anything like cmon what's so hard admit that we have our own local made cannon hell even a portable cannon, our own rifle (istinggar, rentaka). Is it that shameful to admit that the sultanate is on par or even a bit more advanced than the Portuguese? Maaan our history education is sucks
When d'Albuquerque arrived at Indian Ocean, he already faced cannon armed Indian ships. But their cannons were much smaller compared the ones the Portuguese brought. Apparently they never heard about the Turk's bigass cannon. That's how d'Albuquerque could forced his way along the Indian coast and reached Malacca.
Portugese cant win the war without the help from betrayers inside the malacca. And malacca sultanate is huge and not as small as stated in this video.
love the explanation. as a Malaysian, we are not taught on details of how Malacca was captured by the Portugese, at least not in education system so far as i remember. its nice to see you are interested in the history of our region here in SEA. keep it up. hope you can do some vids on Borneo specifically the Brooke Rajah in Sarawak.
Thanks so much! I'll definitely keep it up, and what a fantastic topic idea -- I may do that soon :)
The funny thing is our textbook even said malacca soldier fought only using spears and bow not guns
Funny thing is that portuguese people don't ever learn that in school.
@Lanun Suci yeah
@Lanun Suci As a portuguese, I can confirm.
"Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it."
So do Bahasa & Matematik Moden. Usually the repeat papers happen in July every year. 😬
hahaha ni mesti george santayana ni
@@FAHMADIBRAHIMBINKHAIRULAZMI in every freaking new chapter in our history textbooks😂
So what lession should we learn from this event?
@@cv4809 Politician shouldnt be shitty
portugal had 1 million people back in 1500, imagine being so stretched out until nagasaki and malacca, crazy.
That's why the british-portuguese aliance is the oldest continuous military cooperation pact to this day. The englishmen helped Portugal to remain independent many times in the iberian peninsula while being a constant pain in the ass of the spaniards
Portuguese weren't actually very strong as a European power, its just that the Asians were too weak - very lob sided
well i was just mentioning the logistics, even today it would have been difficult.
@@jesselivermore2291 difficult? The British is far more stretched than that
@@kucingcat8687 first of all british had far more then 1 million people second they were not,
Hi...I am a direct descendant of the Portuguese that captured Melaka (Malacca) and trace my family name 'Carvalho' back in written records dating back to 1516 here.
What you presented is quite accurate with some minor errors. FYI, a detailed account of the conquest of Melaka can be found in the translated works "Commentaries of Alfonso De Albuquerque" by a priest here in the late 1970s named Father Pintado. Great work and keep it up.
The fall of the Sultanate was not so much in the superior arms of the Portuguese but due to infighting and decadence in Melaka.
The Portuguese noted that between 3,000 and 6,000 small cannons were seized after the battle.
Another interesting note was that the largest treasure ever lost at sea came from Melaka after it's conquest...60 tons of gold and 200 chest of gems and precious stones. The treasure, looted from Melaka, was onboard Alfonso's flag ship 'Flor De Mar' which sunken off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia...;). Take care and stay safe. God bless.
Spot on..tonnes
oh boy has the ship been found yet?
My high school English teacher has the same surname.
Indonesian diver might in their way to search for the gold and claim it from Indonesia
@@mohdhafiz9955 faster plant flag and claim backl
Good to see Malaysian politics hasn't changed in 600 years.
oof besar
fr
Yes.
Yes. Still the same......till today a 2-faced Javanese could become prime minister
400*
I am half Portuguese & half Chinese... I was brought up the Portuguese way as we are Catholic... My mother is a Portuguese descedant. The history we learned in school was all spinned. This fact is more real then what we learned in school.
in malaysian history textbook, this Javanese were purposely left out, just to single out chinese and tamil. Do not know what's the motive.
@@gkheng Racial politics by the ruling party. The politicians' version of history are being taught to the next generation since young age to glorify certain race and make minority races feel indebted to the majority race.
@@notagain2856 i guess i have shared the blame, busy for whole life searching for the wealth. Look at them, they are so desperate and able to find they are 'descendant of homo sapien' with 6 millions old history, literally finding hay in the needlestack, to prove they are the worthy ruler of 'master of malaysia'.
@@notagain2856 tell you what: year 2150 history, Malaysia was in turmoil, caused by a chinese merchat jho low, and tamil ceo of imdb. and our precious friend is so 'innocent'. #malauapabosku
@@gkheng my opinion... Jho low was used/ hired to bring najib down... By you know who... The same guy who brought PH down
Great vid. The Portuguese Empire doesn’t get enough love. Subbed.
Dutch Empire: Am I a joke to you?
@@Scarlood Dutch empire was built from the portuguese empire, so it comes along don´t worry
@@Scarlood A total joke
South East Asian kingdom also doesn't get enough love
The empire who has legacy of slavery and destroying other cultures deserve love? Say this to Goa peoples who were under Portugese empire.
The stuff about Sultan Mahmud's addiction was never mentioned in school textbook. Great video.
Thanks!
sus
Dalam salatus silatin ada.
Well..if i was there at that time..
@@zebimicio5204 Serius lah? dalam buku tu bagitau pasal candu?
Great Work my friend! I'm a Tamil of Portuguese descent, from Tamil Nadu state, India. So happy to see your video. My grandpa used to describe how our ancestors were allies of the Portuguese and fought across the Indian Ocean, from the Battle of Hormuz to the Battles of Timor. We are called the Tamil Paravars, one of the last Pandyan Cadet Clans to survive. Hope you can make a documentary on us sometime!
Cheers mate!
Fascinating! I’ll definitely do some research into that 👍
Proper Portuguese name, glad you’re proud of our Portuguese ancestors 🇵🇹
Love from Portugal 🇵🇹🇮🇳
I am curious. So you are Tamil or Portuguese ? I also have Tamil, Turks and Arabs ancestry but my whole family called themselves as Tamil. I am more Tamil, How about you ?
Portugueses arrived to Sri Lanka in 1509. They were looking for cinnamon.
From a Portuguese that arrived in Asia at the age of 24, I would like first to compliment all of you. Our history is so intertwined that at times is difficult to distinguish. I travelled throughout South East Asia, some parts of India, Sri Lanka, East Asia, Maldives, and always found a point of connection: one fortress here and there, descendants of Portuguese and local populations, words borrowed and loaned, habits, in a word, everything very rich and alive after all this years:)
I even found some people that told me were of Portuguese descent in the Arabian Peninsula. Anybody heard about this?
My best wishes for all:)
Very interesting!
Portuguese did have control over some important trading spots in the arabian peninsula: from the capital of nowadays Oman (Muscat), to Socotora, to even nowadays Bahrain
I have relatives that are descendants of Portuguese cattle ranchers on Hawai'i. King Kamehameha invited colonialists from several European nations to set up industry and provide labor in the Kingdom of Hawai'i. Portuguese sausage is a local favorite. In San Diego, California, USA, the Portuguese set up a tuna fishing industry. They were so associated with it that they were called "tunas" for a while.
@@12vscienceYup same thing in Monterey, CA, whaling and canning industry, lots of Portuguese
As a Malaysian, I am appalled of how the fact that the Melaccan Sultanate being an opium addict was not written in the history books. Or the fact that the Sultan lost the loyalties from the Rakyat. Or the fact that Melacca was far more advanced than what we perceived it to be.
Punctuation matters.@@RJ-dp2mx
Actually, there is a VERY pointed allusion to Sultan Mahmud's decadence and how it affected Melaka's fortunes. But not in the history books at school. My BM teacher told me that you have to read between the lines of Sejarah Melayu's account of how Sultan Mahmud attempted to woo the princess of Gunung Ledang.
If I had a history teacher like you, I would have taken a history major degree.Phenomenal video.
That might be the nicest thing anyone’s ever said to me! Lol. Thanks!
Nice and lovely portuguese history
I love the fact that 1000 Portuguese are able to mop the floor with sultan corpses
You would also have learned a lot of malapropisms and mispronunciations.
Strategically this is look more logical explanation on the fall of Malacca. But it does open our mind, rulers must be fair, avoid malpractice, meritocracy, a good leaders with sufficient knowledge to rule the country.
unfortunately many of the said problems that happened in Malacca is continued today in modern day Malaysia
@@chee1989 Sarawakian here, this Federation needs an effective leadership, transparent and fair.
".........and food security..........."
nah, historically, the best kings are ones who committed atrocities swiftly and broadly, not leaving anyone with the power to challenge them.(for example he shouldnt have stopped at just executing the alleged conspirators and their household, but went all out on genociding their lineage across the region)
meritocracy is good on paper but too much of it would cause dictatorship, so limited meritocracy is the best long term.(example give anyone the chance to build a ship and go conquer empires if they can, or settle foreign lands)
bodo paria barua cina tak sedar diri. meritokrasi sebab in the end kalau kena serang melayu jugak yang pertahan tanah air sendiri. kalau bela hangpa cina dgn paria last2 lari jugak. dasar pengkhianat tak sedar diuntung.
Because of its interesting history, I would love to visit Malacca. I've also heard there is a community of 10.000 Malaysians of Portuguese descent in Malacca.
The Kristang community. I thought they were more like ONE thousand people. They are possibly 95% non-Portuguese! Malays, Indians etc.
Malacca’s a pretty cool place to visit. Safe and slow-paced compared to mega-cities like K.L. Still has a historic centre and an appreciation of its rich history.
You can visit but honestly History is not Malaysia's strongest strength because a lot is obfuscated due to politics. Malaysia have very beautiful nature, safe, and easy to navigate through if you know English.
😂😂😂But they look very indian😂😂goa descended 😂😂
The courage of the Portuguese is beyond doubt. But the lesson: Don't count on mercenaries.
Well that's a given, they wouldn't be mercenaries if they were loyal or trustworthy
Properly fortify your capital. The fact that the Portuguese can just ram a junk to a sandbank and use it as a siege tower to blast cannons from a higher ground non-stop it's just the stuff of nightmares.
@@pendekarlautbiru ukraine shud learn from this
@@pendekarlautbiru That bid with the ship turned siege engine wouldn't happen if the navy did its job, but the fact was they were just in cahoots with the Portugese as the rest of the non-ruling class was.
To be honest, Malacca was fractured politically.
And that literally everyone else was siding with the Portuguese.
Its less about courage and more about simply poor leadership. The fact that there were just 4000 defenders was pretty disastrous, to defend an entire city.
Yeah, the Portuguese only had 1000 men but they had war galleons on their side that were practically invincible and untouchable, that along is worth an entire army.
The Portuguese had all the initiatives and could choose the battle at will.
I learned a lot about malacca than i ever learnt in school. Thanks for the info mate. Keep on making more episodes like this
Aww cochin represent! I didn't know my South Indian port city of Kochi was the launching pad for the Portuguese in their conquest of Malacca! We still have remnants of their influence, including a former Portuguese palace, the first European-built church in India (St. Francis) and a few remnants of Fort Emmanuel, all of which are barely 15 minutes from where I live. Thankyou for this video, it was fascinating to learn about em!
Very interesting! Allied auxiliary soldiers from Cochin also made up 30 percent of the Portuguese fighting force and were instrumental in the conquest of Malacca.
Cochin was a vassal state of all the european powers. It started with the Portuguese then the Dutch and finally the British.
@Mervin Freeden 2.0 Battle of colachel was with Travancore not Kochi.
@@OddCompass Do read about the Battle of Kochi if you haven't already. Zamorin versus Kochi. More of a siege that didn't succeed. It's a masterclass in tactical defence.
From where bro, I'm from Cherlai.
I actually spent some time in Malacca. I didn't know exactly where the battle took place, but seeing the battle map in this video I have a clear mental picture of the modern location. Great vid!
Brilliant commentary, truly enjoyed this short video. Keep it coming mate!
Wow, I love how your animation style is evolving. Great work! The fall of Malacca is a story that’s not often covered by major history outlets- pretty cool that you’re giving it some much-needed attention!
Thanks!
This video show how chinese, indian and javanese betrayed the Malacca Sultanate..
@@musangkingstv They were not even citizens and yet they demanded equal rights as citizens lolol. They were mere merchants and traders. It was / is still common for foreigners not to get equal rights as citizens. Plain and simple. So basically they were so entitled and then they betrayed the hand that gave them a place to make money
@@Khatulistiwan and so thus history repeats itself. Such irony we never get to learn anything from the past...
@@hiccksboson3090 they done this for millinea and they know they its beneficial for them .It isn't even they're own country. All they care is if they got that extra cash for to boast about and to make other country fall so they could bribe them
"Sultan Mahmud was an opium addict"
@.@ they didn't teach this at school...
Good thing my teacher did😂 She's my fav teacher
Entah2 tipu helah penjajah ..
@@rozlinabdkarim9233 Ada sumber fakta. Boleh baca sendiri di internet.
It was legal at that time. Also didn't teach this at school.
@@rozlinabdkarim9233 ko ingat opium tu datang dari mana? Dari China la, opium tu macam rokok gak, sultan tengah high haha
Thanks for the video. Different perspective on the Portuguese conquest of Malacca.
Man, your channel is underrated. This is quality information and with really good animation.
Thanks, I appreciate it!
I love your videos so much. They are aesthetically amazing, well-researched, easy to follow, and cover a region whose history is often overlooked. Best channel i have discovered in a while.
That is very kind of you to say. Thanks for watching!
The portueguese were aforce to reckon
As a Malaysian, I rarely see people talk about Malacca's history while trying to explain both sides. Ik, i don't even know the whole thing. It's kinda sad due to many apparent and non apparent reason such a great vast empire had to fall but as all cycle of empire do. Though the conquest of the west to the east still makes my unease cause y'know ✨colonialism✨ ended up here. Many things many topics many thoughts..
Actually, I'm writing a historical fictional story based off Malacca rn. Hopefully I can do it as close as I can to the real thing. Thanks for the video❤
Good luck fam. Hoping to see it if you manage to finish it.
Wah! Nk baca jugak
Gréât I’d look forward to reading your book
Yo bro share with me when you're done
Kempunan hati aku nak baca cerita2 fantasi gempak zaman silam kita, dah x mau la asyik tgk org lain punya. Yg belah Barat dgn medieval period diorang mcm King Arthur, Rome, Spartans, etc. Yg China dgn tradisi kungfu dia dan dinasti2 yg besar mcm the three Kingdoms. Yg Jepun dgn romantisasi samurai dia dgn Edo period dan Nobunaga la bagai. Yg Amerika dgn koboi diorang dan war heroes Perang Dunia kedua diorang. Mana kita punya hero pulak?
@@f1r3hunt3rz5 industri hiburan malaysia sibuk buat filem sampah.
Who would've thought? Poor politics and nepotism lead to the downfall of a once great empire. Yet, history seems to be repeating.
And treason
@@nkamakamarudin4059 Definitely
@@nkamakamarudin4059 Treason won't happen if the government had a common sense. Even fellow Javanese didn't trust the Sultan. Joke.
A shitty ruler could cause the downfall of decades (or centuries) worth of hard works. Happened too in Java with the Amangkurat I of Mataram. But in Java it was more gradual.
Nope,the reason is because of foreign trader help the Portuguese...20,000 malacca soldier was foreign merchants which supplied by foreign merchant...they dont like malay favouritsm in tax system
Way to go man, loved it. Keep the videos coming ......
Thanks -- will do!
I really enjoy watching this video. keep up the good effort. I am Malay muslim and Im proud of my history. Malay government is very big: Malacca, Srivijaya, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Patani, Brunei, Champa, Funan, you name it. I love my chinese and indian friends also. Foreigner are always welcome to my country Malaysia no matter who you are.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed the video. I lived in Malaysia for 4 years and truly appreciate the culture and history.
Pontianak, sambas, tidung, bulungan, banjar, kutai, mindanao, suluk and so on. Tanah Air, Land and Sea.
It used to be big, now its just history bro. There was so much potential.
Did you mean chinese and indians are foreigners?
@@albertfoo1569 ya
@@albertfoo1569 yes
Really well done video, congrats!
It was na amazing feat by any standards, thanks for making it better known!
Imagining portuguese cannons were like Cristiano Ronaldo free kicks...
Lmaoo
Ahh the good old days :(
Then Malacca will not be fallen
funny but Malacca had their very own cannons. The Portuguese didnt win because of technological advantage, Malacca lost due to internal conflicts.
@@pamihmod If it is a center of global trade with merchants residing from all around the globe(The old world in this case), it is ought to have modern technology. We are not talking about a small town in the jungle here.
omg this is such a great video!!! love the animation!!
Thank you, I really appreciate it! 🙏
Nice video about a lesser known conflict from SEA. More videos about South East Asian history please!
Thanks! I'll be uploading more videos on a variety of Asian history (South, SEA, and East) in the future, so stay tuned
It always amazes me the sheer amount of hardwork you would've gone through to collect in depth details for your content. Your Animation is on point. Absolutely love your content.
Malaysia was originally a merchant country, specializing in diversity in goods and trades, but infighting and prejudice swiftly took hold on several of the most important ports and destroyed any remaining trust in the top of the power chain.
Very capitalist state. From pirates seafarers that attack all of ports in south east asia to successfull merchants that control the East once upon a time.
@@raptoria5369 wahh..where u got ur fact?..pirates??melaka ruler descended from srivijaya empire..its monarch you know..they keep the power within family,same like europe monarch...pirates was orientalis narrative...
It also had little experience in warfare. Most of its conflicts involved bullying very small rural fiefs (ie Pahang, Kelantan, Riau, Kedah, etc) into submission, and never fought against such monstrosities such as the Portuguese Empire.
@@mugiwaragang malays feudal are not same like European feudal system. Please accept that, we are a bunch of pirates that evolved to commercial economy system
@@raptoria5369 reference ada?sembang..bawak kajian dulu baru sembang... masyarakat mungkin ada yg bekerja sebagai lanun,tp kerajaan bukan berasal dari lanun...sembang dlm youtube bole la.. reference takda,kajian sendiri lagi la takda setakat dgr2 ckp org,dgr dri channel youtube yg tak bertauliah..lagi2 dgr sejarah melayu dari yg bukan melayu lagi mengarut..nak tahu sejarah melayu tanya sejarawan la..sejarawan adil,semua sumber diorang kaji waima sumber barat sekalipon..youtuber ni stakat dgr2 cerita terus buat kontem
So accureted! And so recent! Good work.
Thank you!
Brilliant video based on historical records. Congratulations!
This should be viewed by many Malaysian. A great one indeed!
Im a malaysian lol
Macam ini sejarah nya..mmmm
do more videos about the Portuguese, its really interesting and not very well known
Wow.! Great video as usual. Pretty neat! 😁
:) Glad you enjoyed it!
i have learn more about malacca history from this 13 min video than from my years in school. Excellent video!
The best docu I've seen about melaka so far. Great job. I agree with the dude that said our own schools don't teach us the real history. It's a shame.
Very interesting details provided. Appreciate this
This is interesting + Informative, your animation style in this video seems more playful, which is wonderful!
Thank you so much! Constantly trying to improve and experiment :)
I specifically remember reading in sejarah textbooks depicting the army of melaka as primitive(clearly remember keris was stated as their weapon) while the portugese were modern using guns and cannos. Why is our country trying to make it seem like we were doomed to lose and not reflect on itself
If I were to speculate, it was because Mahmud was a really bad example of a muslim.
It's more shameful to admit that we lost because of gross mismanagement and bad military strategy, less shameful to claim that we lost because of inferior military technology and weaponry.
The truth is even the Malacca Sultanate had access to firearms, cannons, gunpowder, even if less sophisticated compared to the Portuguese.
The real reason for the downfall of Malacca is shitty leadership.
Funny is that if you just go into the museum negara you can see the weapons used by melaka army back then, not any lesser than portugal. But they write history textbook in their own political favor
@@jayleong5634 I think you read a different history text book dear, i remember clearly when i was in sekolah menengah it clearly said that Malacca has guns and cannons. So idk where all these people that said they didn't learned it in school. I think yall just sleep during history class or your teacher is incompetent lol
@@cheekibreeki9155 Dont you all read Sulalatus Salatin during school? This is nothing new! The Naskah Sejarah Melayu that was written by Malay Muslim clearly said that Sultan Mahmud was incompetent and nonreligious, so no one is trying to cover anything here. Which school did you go to? Are you sure you are learning the same history of Malaysia as i did? lol
Another wonderful video. I truly enjoy your work
Thank you!
Greeting to Portuguese brothers and sisters from Christian amazigh moroccan.
Nice, this guy delivered information of Malaysia History accurately. Even Malaysian School syllabus failed to delivery fact accurately, Kids always misleading about this. Great job bro keep it up
That’s very kind - thank you! Glad you enjoyed it
It might not be opium but weed, since the matchlock serpentine shape seem looks like it came from it. Back then the laws is different by the way. Did the British the one who introduced opium in the 17 century, Is there opium trades during the late 15 century?
Curious and would like to know what aspect of Malaysian school syllabus is inaccurate?
Oh you mean the part where the Chinese, Javanese and Indian merchants betrayed the empire even though they were just traders rather than actual citizens?
@@MuhammadAlwardibinYacob one of them is the weapons. In textbook it says Malacca fought using only primitive weapons like spears and bows
Rather interesting history of Malacca.
Thanks! Glad you enjoyed it
Great video! subbed!
Portuguese here. Really surprised to be hearing about this conquest, never made it to the history books on school. To be fair, there is a lot of stuff that doesn't go in there, even related to one's nation. Great video and content. Cheers.
Seriouly? C'mon, not true...não digas disparates pá, malaca esta nos livros...
@@luismarques9280então era eu que desconhecia totalmente. Não prestei a atenção necessária às aulas de história. Obrigado pela correcção.
Yet another great video!....Please make more video especially on the South Indian Kingdoms at this time!
Thanks! I’ll be returning to do an Indian topic next - though it may be more general (i.e., war elephant strategy and history in the Indian subcontinent)
Thank you for the content, eye opener for me as local Malaysian as many details were not taught in school..
Saya orang Portugis. Tiga tahun kemaren, saya kerjah di Sumatera Barat. Saya belajar bahasa Indonesia dan visit negari Malay dan Malacca.
Suka Malacca banyak tapi pikiran saya, kota Malacca tidak take care monuments bagus. Waktu government ada lebih wang, mungkin bisa improve informasi dan renovate fortress walls dan gereja.
Minta maaf kalau tidak mengerti, sudah lama saya tidak belajar.
Orang Malay terlalu baik baik sama saya. KL lebih developed than Lisbon.
Kadang kadang suka makan di warung Makanan Malay disini (Lisbon).
Terima kasih teman
Thats actually an excellent Malay/Indonesian
sorry for the retardness of our govt. i always wonder why they neglet our historical heritage.
@@cebispicis Tak beruntung untuk mereka
@@redandinata4568 Terima kasih pak! Kata anda made my day. Ada lockdown disini and its the little things that make me senang/gembira.
@@cebispicis Tidak tau about Malay government. I only had good experiences in Malaysia. I just wanted to say that taking care of your monuments will bring you money from tourists in the future. Its a good investment. Makan angin in Malaysia was a very good time. All the best to you.
Thank you for the presentation, from Portugal.
My pleasure!
@@OddCompass good job, but please open the google translator and ear how to pronounce our names
Bandera, jendela, meja, garpu, gereja, keju, kemeja, sekolah, roda, almari etc. Malay language are highly influenced by sanskrit and some Portuguese.
I’m Portuguese. I got most words. Awesome.
And kereta also word from Portuguese 'cereta"
Tuala
Kerala language malayalam also has some similarities with Portuguese like Almari for wardrobe , mesa for table.etc
@@vj_great551 Makes sense. Mesa is exactly the same. And I think I understand all the words spelled by the OP, too. Very interesting.
the Portuguese historians mentioned , they loots more than 3000 different types of cannons inside Malacca city Alone...while Malaysians text books describe Malacca empire like a tribal people that don't know how to using firepower...but The name of "strait of Malacca" describe everything about how powerful is this empire back in that days....
ayah kat mana.. sy nak jumpe ayah
Really nice video!!
I love how you explain our History,its better than we learn in our textbook
Amazing war strategy by Portuguese.
Fantastic Video and animation
It’s clear and easy to understand.
Keep up the great job 👍🏻
Much appreciated! :)
Os caras entraram na amazônia em 1500-1600 e estavam em todos os lugares do mundo. Parabéns Tugas vcs são diferentes. Um abraço do tamanho do Brasil!
uma coisa que maior parte dos brasileiros nao sabem é que grande parte dos indios do brasil faziam parte do imperio portugues e lutavam juntos com portugal, um exemplo e a batalha de mbwila onde apenas 400 soldados dos 15,000 soldados do imperio portugues eram portugueses, o resto era uns 2,000 nativos do brasil e uns 11,000 angolanos
Se não fossem os indígenas, nós não teríamos expulsado os franceses, holandeses e ingleses do Brasil
Somos todos! Os lusófonos!
Unidos, "não há Pai para nós!" 😂
❤🇲🇿🇦🇴🇬🇼🇸🇹🇨🇻🇵🇹🇧🇷
@@eduardoalves4251 E os Portugueses adoravam as Índias. Davam-lhes presentinhos para as conquistarem. Contou-me um Brasileiro no outro dia. E que daí surgiu a tradição do "escambo" que ficou enraízada na cultura Brasileira, dito por ele, que eu nem conhecia a expressão.
@@brixcosmo6849e os índios adoravam casar as filhas com portugueses pois dava-lhes prestígio e acesso.
Na região da Amazónia tornou-se comum a poligamia, um português casar com várias índias, o que não acontecia noutras partes do mundo, nem onde era a cultura local.
well researched video!
Nice video. Good animation and research. Easy to digest.
Wow I really love your videos and your animation♥️ ! Never give up friend 👌🏻💪🏻
Thanks so much -- I'll keep churning out videos!
If you were my history teacher, surely I'm a historian with PhD in history today. Haha, I fell in love with history from ur video. Keep it up!
Great, keep up the good work
Thanks for the share.
Great video. Keep it up, you're going to have a lot of subscribers in the future!
Thanks so much! Really enjoying your channel btw
@@OddCompass glad to hear it!
great video! i hope you make more about malaysian history
Thanks! My next video will be on the Indian subcontinent, but I'm going to be doing more SE Asian videos down the line as well (I'd love to eventually do a video on Tambralinga, Kedah, and other pre-Malacca kingdoms).
Excellent channel! Thank you for such informative, well-researched and well-crafted videos! Subscribed!
Nice.... good research!
Thank you very much for your interesting explanations. I am Malaysian but lots of info was filtered in our history book. Your explanations was an eye opener for me. good job.
You’re welcome! And thank you 🙏🏽
History is a good lesson on the great and poor strategies on leadership, community relations and the importance of unity among its people. A country or a leadership will fail if they repeat the same mistakes or never learn from the past, which will ultimately cause the downfall of even great nations. A great and very informative video. Thanks for your efforts Odd Compass.
Thanks so much for your thoughts - I completely agree!
It's amazing how the Portuguese kept on strategicly conquering places far away from home throughout their history even though outnumbered in most of their battles
Spanish, Indians, Africans and even Turks lost many battles against Portugals strategic leaders and that often doesn't get enough credit
Yeah
@@teixeira476 its funny how u say even Turks, they were the ones that lost the most to the portuguese, the portuguese sunked the Ottoman empire in the Indian ocean, inccluding the most outnumbered battle to ever exhist where 150 portuguese soldiers w the help of some natives, defeated 80,000 ottoman, mamluks and zamorins, the best part is the portuguese killed about 20,000 soldiers and didnt lost a single men
@@eduardoalves4251 The Portuguese were great fighters and explorers; unfortunately not so great economists today. ditto for spain.
@@thailux6494 i told the same to my spanish friend the other day, we were better at war, they were better at politics
Great vidéo ! I am french and i didnt understand everything, but now it's all clear :)
Thank you! Glad you were able to understand and enjoy the video!
Really high production quality
Thank you! It's a lot of effort haha
@@OddCompass I can see your channel getting big in the future :)
Thanks :) I hope so!
Cool stuff. Congrats on reaching 1k!
Thanks Ren -- congrats on your channel as well, seems to be doing great!
Very interesting and informative. Thank you for your efforts and research
You lecture is more interesting n easy to follow than what i got from my histroy teacher long time ago. Looking forward to hearing more from you. Terima kasih. Thank you.
Me, got A in History subject after watching this video: Why History textbook lies to us?
The books never tell us about his opium addiction
They never mentioned all the foreign merchants and groups at the time at all
Malaysia Gomen is racist .. many history manipulated to favor the meleis
@Fart Squirrel but the description of the corruption is almost none in the book
@@user-ku2gy5dh8q what do you mean by meleis?stop using it to refer it to whole malay races
Love this! Do one for North Borneo as well! A lot of our true history are covered up in the school text books.
The reason for its fall sounds familiar in the present day
My thought exactly. We never learn.
Bruh, we have now reached the final part of Malacca Sultanate timeline(mass corruption, racism, etc).
Only this time, it will be an Eastern Superpower that will control us.
Buku teks sejarah tebal tapi isinya kosong.
@@zeidalqadri3055 Dahla tu, versi tahun ntah berapa.
@@zeidalqadri3055 fax
I constantly feel like I what I learned in school was a lie. Good thing I always forget what I memorised for sejarah after exams
😀😀
Don't even know how I pass Sej in SPM
barely passed Sej in sch exams, but for SPM, I cramped 2 years worth of Sej into 2 weeks of memorizing... got an A and remembered nothing afterwards ahaha...
See my politically-incorrect history of atheism series for real history. Mainstream history is like a Disney version of a Grimm Tale.
its just heavily 'edited' history book :P
Wow so much detail in terms of the battle itself, and the politics. I often wondered why no one had made a massive movie based on this. They really should!
Thanks! And totally agreed
Well,because it will portray the royal are not that good..
Cool, just found a new good history channel.. thought that wouldn't happen again.. +1 subscriber
Thanks!
Awesome! Thanks. 🇵🇹💪
the history of the indian ocean is very interesting. thanks for covering it
I never heard this details before, but since Portuguese was on warpath across malacca & ASIA. Its just a matter of time if not 1511, the next couple of years they might return again to malacca with a bigger force... again, again till captured. Inevitable. The golden age of The Kingdom of Portugal. Later Dutch Empire & British Empire. Love the contents, want to hear more around this region.
That is a great point, but I honestly don't know if they would've been able to capture some of these places without the unique set of circumstances that made it possible.
Consider the Portuguese in India, for example. They were only able to take and keep Goa because Bijapur was in the midst of war with Vijayanagar. Even still, it took them multiple failed attempts. They only succeeded when they secured the assistance of a powerful Indian pirate known as Thimmaya, who agreed to have his 8000 pirates assist the Portuguese in taking Goa (in return, he was given official titles and lands).
I think the Portuguese would've been partly successful, but they weren't better technologically, and they lacked the manpower -- their key advantage was knowing the weaknesses of their enemies and "when" to strike, and knowing how to secure local assistance.
Thanks for watching! I hope you enjoy the channel
Your details are quite shocking(realism) and different from other version i read & was educated in 🇲🇾 school on the fall of malacca. But it was a significant milestone for Portuguese, i saw markings of 1511 fall in their naval musuem in Lisbon. GOLD GLORY GOSPEL
Sad part is with internal conflicts come an opportunity for conquest i believe later parts, thats how British Empire rule came to Malaya as whole. Also more sadly is most of the artefacts/remains(technological advancements) of Malacca is hard to come-by, only recreation.
Love your contents & thanks for the reply👍😎
@@AMAN-gp7zg That's very interesting regarding what you saw in the Lisbon naval museum -- thanks for that detail!
It's very frustrating how many Asian historical artifacts are no longer located in their original countries (many Malaysian and Indian artifacts were taken to Europe during the colonial period).
Thanks for watching the video, and enjoy the channel!
Nothing is impossible. If the Malacca could held off the Portuguese fleet again and again the Portuguese might decide that Malacca is no longer worth it.
Remember Vietnam even fended off the Mongols back then.
@@OddCompass While they lacked of manpower, they did have superior weaponry. Reports by Vasco da Gama (or was it d'Albuquerque) said that Indian ships possessed much smaller cannons which could do little against bigger and longer ranged cannons of the Portuguese ships. That's their trump card. After all, no locals could be persuaded to support their conquest if they arrived at India with just a handful of ships with no advantage at all.
Idk how i got here, but i'm glad i found another animated history channel.
history explained in great details. i like it
What a surprise! A thundering good narration.
Very2 interesting fact and details. I can't even ger this in Malaysia History book. Thanks
It ain't even Malaysia
Its prolly before Malaysia was a country
Very nice video. Would like to thank you for not "castillianize" Portuguese names (using Afonso instead of Alfonso, etc.). Many English-speaking folks see the Portuguese through the lens of Spanish, when cultures and language are quite different. You are obviously enlightened enough on this and for that I thank you. Also, this event has much to do with the war between Portuguese and Arabs (+ Venetians, etc.) in the Indian Ocean and there is plenty more episodes you can turn into quite interesting videos.
Thank you, Jorge! I appreciate your viewership. I do intend to do some similar videos down the line: I find the Portuguese conquest of Goa (and their conflicts with the Ottomans, Gujarat Sultanate, etc) quite fascinating.
@@OddCompass Hope you could do something for Philippine history.
Transforming Manila: China, Islam, and Spain in a Global Port City
Ethan Hawkley
The year is 1588. Agustin de Legazpi, a Tagalog chieftain from Tondo, a suburb of Manila, is planning to overthrow Spain's Philippine colony, a colony that is only about 20 years old. His covert allies include dozens of other chieftains, locally known as datus, a band of Japanese merchants, and coalition of Muslim rulers from the nearby islands of Borneo and Jolo. If he succeeds, Spanish ships will stop coming to Southeast Asia with American silver, and the largest economy in the world, China's economy, will be cut off from a vital source of currency. Chinese economic growth will stagnate and poverty will increase.1 Spanish America will similarly never develop its Asian silk industry, an industry that will otherwise adorn its churches, decorate its colonial estates, dress its priests, clothe its governors, and employ thousands of its artisans. Then, of course, there is also the porcelain and ivory trade that will likewise never set Latin American tables with fine china or fill its churches with made-in-China images of Jesus and Mary.2
Agustin's plot, in short, comes at a pivotal moment the history of Manila and in the history of the world. Will the port city return to what it had been before the Spaniards arrived? Or will it grow into a colonial capital and major focal point of world trade? Will the final link in truly global trade, the one connecting Asia and the Americas, continue to annually ship 2-4 million pesos of silver and Chinese goods across the Pacific?3 Or will the 250 year history of the Manila galleons be cut off in its infancy? As these questions suggest, the expansion of Spain's empire into Manila is fundamentally transforming Agustin's city, and Manila is in turn beginning to play a prominent role in a larger transformation of the world.4
Transformation, however, does not mean starting from scratch. Agustin's plan to overthrow the Spanish colony, in fact, shows the continued presence of two vital precolonial layers of globalization. He is reaching out to a group of East Asian merchants, the Japanese, and to various Muslim rulers, those on Borneo and Jolo. The Japanese merchants are a legacy of an earlier China-centered network of world trade, and the Muslim rulers are similarly manifestations of Islam's medieval global expansion. These two previous layers of globalization, China and Islam, had converged on the archipelago before Spain's arrival, and they have as much to do with making Manila into a global port-city as does the arrival of the Europeans. The last piece of the puzzle, in other words, is not always the most important. Remove any one of these three networks-China, Islam, or Spain-and Manila would not become a global port city, and by extension the Philippines would likely never form into a unified political community.
Taking this broader view, we can see Agustin's strategy for what it really is: he is mobilizing not only local but also traditional global channels of authority against the Spaniards. For their part, however, the Spaniards have also, by now, begun to incorporate themselves into precolonial Sino-Muslim networks at Manila. They have their own East Asian and formerly Islamic allies. Agustin's rebellion is, in summation, a final attempt to revive a dying world against the new one that is coming. It is a conflict over which network of global connections will survive, his or the Spaniards', and it is furthermore a conflict that will decide the historical trajectory of Manila and of the Pacific world for centuries to come. A brief examination of how China and Islam relate to both sides of this conflict will reveal the importance of these two precolonial layers of globalization, and it will also show how these laid the foundation for the arrival and establishment of a third and final layer: Spanish colonialism.5
@@OddCompass Manila and China: The First Layer
Agustin de Legazpi invites Juan Gayo, a Japanese merchant, and his followers to feast with him several times in 1588. In his culture, like many others, feasts are elaborate spectacles where political relationships are forged over conversation and alcohol. At one of these feasts, several other Tagalog chieftains are present: Magat Salamat, Agustin Manuguit, Felipe Salalila, and Geronimo Bassi, Agustin de Legazpi's brother. The Tagalog chieftains speak to Juan Gayo and his band of merchants through a Japanese interpreter named Dionisio Fernandez. They convince the Japanese that together they can defeat and kill all of the Spaniards. With the Spanish gone, Agustin adds, he will then become the new "king of the land," and he promises to divide his tribute with Gayo. The leaders make a traditional oath to one another by anointing their necks with a broken egg.6
Agustin is certainly not the first Tagalog leader to feast or ally with Japanese merchants. Indeed, when the Spaniards arrived at Manila, there were already twenty Japanese residents living among the town's people. A unique combination of economic and political forces from East Asia had brought them there. In the fifteenth century, paper currency failed in Ming China, and a currency shortage threatened to halt the realm's economic growth. Merchants therefore began to fill this shortage with silver. But China did not have enough silver deposits to supply the merchants' needs, which increased its value dramatically. In the following century, silver in Ming China was twice as valuable as it was in Europe.7 Meanwhile, valuable deposits of silver were discovered in Japan. This silver, however, was not directly accessible to China's merchants because the Ming had banned direct trade with Japanese merchants.
The demand for silver was, nevertheless, more powerful than Ming decrees. Unable to trade in China itself, the Japanese traded with Chinese merchant smugglers at offshore locations, like Manila, and often under the jurisdiction of local rulers, like Agustin's ancestors. Already afoul of the law, this culture of smuggling later expanded to include raiding, looting, and other pirate activities. From the 1520s to the 1560s, independent Chinese and Japanese merchant-pirate companies plagued the China coast, and they became collectively known to the Ming as wokou, "Japanese pirates," a label that only further harmed Sino-Japanese relations. Japanese and Chinese merchant-pirates then also began trading directly with Manila's chieftain elites. That Agustin can still recruit a Japanese-Tagalog translator, almost twenty years after the Spaniards' arrival, and that he can still convince Juan Gayo to support him shows the persistence of autonomous Japanese-Tagalog relations into the early colonial period.
Agustin does not, however, recruit help from the Chinese, despite centuries of Sino-Tagalog trade and cooperation in Manila. Beginning in ancient times, Chinese manufactured goods, especially silk, had traveled various routes throughout Eurasia and Africa, most famously along the silk roads; and in the ninth century Chinese merchants, called Sangleys, first carried these goods to the Philippine islands. The Sangleys came to the archipelago to obtain various Philippine products, including gold, wax, pearls, hardwoods, medicines, cotton, birds nests, animal skins, etc.; and the Philippine chieftains, who controlled this trade, sought Chinese porcelain, stoneware, iron, silks, perfumes, and even cannons.8 Chieftains from Manila had even periodically sent tribute missions to Chinese emperors.
A generation before, Agustin's adoptive father, Rajah Soliman-the precolonial Muslim ruler of Manila-had himself tried to use his relationship with the Sangleys to overthrow the Spaniards. In 1574, only three years after the Spaniards and their local allies had subdued Soliman, a Sangley merchant-pirate named Limahong attacked Manila. Seeing this as his opportunity to throw off the Spanish yoke, Soliman allied with Limahong. But the Spaniards and their various indigenous allies expelled Limahong from Manila and pacified Soliman, once again, under colonial authority. Agustin is likewise turning to East Asians for help, and his alliance with the Japanese may well be inspired by Soliman's actions fourteen years ago.
But things are different now. The Sangleys know, in 1588, that trade with the Spaniards will bring them more profit than conquest or looting. The Spaniards control a continuing supply silver, having recently discovered the most lucrative silver mines in history, and their silver attracts thousands of Sangleys to Manila. Many Sangleys have even moved to settle permanently in the colonial capital. In 1570, the year the Spaniards arrived, there had been roughly 40 Chinese living in Manila. Now there are some 10,000 frequenting the area, more than ten times the number of Spaniards in the colony. Though the two people are not always friendly with one another, they do share a common interest. The Chinese can count on making a steady 30 percent profit annually on their imports of silver to China, and the Spaniards might make as much as 100 percent or more on their shipments of silk and silver across the Pacific. Silver, after all, is two times more valuable in China than it is in Spanish America, while Chinese silk is far more precious in Mexico than it is in the Philippines.9
It is this disparity in values that connects the Spaniards to China and to the first layer of Philippine globalization. The Spaniards need some way to fund their colonial project, and without China's demand for silver, they have no other means for profit in the islands, at least not enough to justify a permanent settlement there. The Spaniards' presence is thus changing Manila's relationship to the East Asian world. Agustin knows that he cannot turn to the Sangleys against the Spaniards, as Soliman had, because of their craving for silver. But the Japanese have their own interests. They are, like the Spaniards, silver suppliers, and they likewise want fine Chinese silks, porcelains, and other manufactured goods. With the Spaniards out of the way, the supply of silver will go down and its value will go up, and the Japanese stand to make a significant profit. So Agustin turns to Juan Gayo, they swear their oath, and the plan continues.
@@OddCompass Manila and Islam: The Second Layer
Agustin de Legazpi sends four clandestine ambassadors to Borneo. They are traveling on a Spanish merchant ship. They are Magat Salamat, Agustin Manuguit, Felipe Salalila, and Antonio Surabao. Though three of them have Christian names, all four almost certainly have personal ties with the Muslim elites of Brunei. Agustin de Legazpi is himself married to the Brunei Sultan's daughter.10 The Tagalog diplomats are tasked with convincing Brunei's Sultan to send a large fleet against Manila. When the Bornean ships arrive at the colonial capital, the Spaniards, heavily outnumbered, will do what they always do in times of crisis. They will call on the Tagalog datus and on the Japanese for military assistance. The datus and their East Asian allies will feign their support until they get within the walls of the Spanish fort, and then they will strike. Surrounded by Bornean Muslims from without, and inundated with Tagalog and Japanese adversaries from within, the thousand or so Spanish residents of Manila will be easily wiped out.
But one of Agustin's four diplomats, Antonio Surabao, has a relationship with the ship's Spanish captain, Pedro Sarmiento. Sarmiento is Surabao's encomendero, his Spanish overlord. For unknown reasons, Surabao approaches Sarmiento. The chieftains of Manila, he explains, have "plotted and conspired with the Borneans…to kill the Spaniards." Brunei, he goes on, is preparing seven galleys and other warships, as well as ammunition and other supplies.11 Alarmed by this report, Sarmiento reroutes his ship and returns to Manila. An investigation begins. Agustin's ambassadors never arrive in Brunei. The battle is over before it has begun.
Just as Agustin is not the first to make an alliance with Japanese merchants, Antonio is not the first Tagalog chieftain to side with the Spaniards in a Muslim-Spanish conflict. Indeed, when the Spaniards arrived, Manila was ruled by Muslim chieftains, or 'Moros' as the Spaniards called them, and several of these allied with the Spanish against others. After those resisting the Spaniards were defeated, most of the chieftains were baptized and christened with new European names. But many still maintained their political connections to the region's other Muslim rulers, especially to those on Borneo. Some have even continued certain Muslim practices. Agustin, for example, was imprisoned in 1585 for giving his mother an Islamic burial.12 Manila, in other words, almost 20 years after Spanish settlement, is still in transition away from Islam and toward Catholicism.
Surabao's presence among those being sent to Brunei suggests that he too has connections there, and that he has Muslim heritage. Brunei has, after all, long been the Islamic capital of the region. Before the Spaniards arrived, many of Manila's Moros were abstaining from pork because Bornean preachers had taught them that eating it was a sin. These preachers had also circumcised, ritualistically cleansed, and given Islamic names to several Tagalog chieftains. Brunei was in fact so closely associated with Islam, that some of Manila's Muslims had believed avoiding pork was optional until one had actually traveled to Borneo, and those Manila Moros who had been to Brunei were known to be more familiar with the Qur'an than those who had not.13
But Islam in Manila, as with the rest of Southeast Asia, was more than just a missionary movement. It was also an economic and political one. The religion had come to the region in the eighth century, traveling across the Indian Ocean with Muslim merchants seeking Chinese goods. These merchants spread Islam into the area through preaching, political alliances, and intermarriage with local peoples. The political importance of the religion was further elevated in the region during the early fifteenth century when Melaka's rulers embraced it, and during this same era Islam was also incorporated into Brunei's elite political culture.
From there, it was later adopted by many Manila chieftains, and it brought these datus important advantages over their non-Muslim neighbors. In a region defined by political fragmentation, for example, Islam connected Manila's datus to a powerful network of other Muslim rulers through intermarriage, alliances, and trade. Agustin's marriage to the Brunei Sultan's daughter is perhaps the clearest indication that several Tagalog chieftains still maintain, in 1588, their precolonial connections to this older Muslim network. Even though the Spaniards have formally removed the veneer of Islam, there remains an undercurrent of old Moro authority in the town.
@@OddCompass Another advantage of Islam had been, before the 1570s, its commercial connection to the precolonial China trade. Before the Spanish arrived, Moro merchants dominated Southeast Asia's China trade, a trade that reached from Manila to Melaka, and this Southeast Asian network was, in turn, connected to an Indian Ocean and Islamic world that reached all the way to Spain itself. This second layer of early Philippine globalization, Islam, in other words drew much of its power from its relationship to the first, China. Prominence in the China trade not only brought raw wealth to Manila's datus, but Chinese products also conferred status on the town's chieftains. The porcelains, silks, stoneware, etc., that Moro merchants imported from China through Manila represented the finest commodities available to Philippine peoples, and as such they were powerful symbols of prestige and authority. Moro and non-Moro datus alike who obtained these goods displayed them in their homes, used them in feasting rituals, and gifted them to their dependents and allies. Indeed, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Chinese goods had enabled Philippine chieftains to build the largest chiefdoms and inter-datu alliance networks in their history.14
In precolonial times, Agustin's Moro ancestors had made themselves into the region's most powerful chieftains because they obtained a near monopoly over the archipelago's China trade. Chinese merchants who traveled to the archipelago came to Manila first, where they traded the bulk of their goods. Manila's Moro merchant-rulers would then sail throughout the region trading these goods to others. The Moros, in fact, traded so much in Chinese goods that merchant boats from Manila came to be known throughout the region as the China ships, and soon Manila's Moros had learned the archipelago's many other dialects so they could conduct their trade with diverse Philippine ethnic groups. Ultimately, through translation and trade early Philippine Moros gained control not only over local Chinese commerce but also over almost all other inter-ethnic/inter-island exchanges.15
In a sense, Manila's Moros had woven together an informal trading colony throughout the Philippine islands before the Spaniards even got there. Their monopoly over Chinese goods coupled with the prestige connected to those goods gave them influence over this informal network through a clear and specific chain of demand. Chieftains throughout the region demanded Chinese products to expand their authority, and Moros demanded Chinese products of the East Asian merchants who came to Manila. The influence of this chain of demand was particularly visible among the islands' non-Muslim datus who were completely dependent on the Moros for their links to foreign trade.
When, for instance, the Spaniards had first arrived and tried to trade near Butuan, a settlement on Mindanao, Moro merchants there would not allow the Butuan people to accept just any Spanish products. They insisted that the people of Butuan trade only for silver, and the non-Moro people of Butuan obeyed.16 Later, speaking of a powerful Moro chieftain, one Spaniard noted that "he was well known [throughout the islands]; and so much faith was put in him that he was obeyed as little less than a king."17 Chinese products had expanded the power of local datus over their subjects, and by extension the Manila Moros' near monopoly over Chinese products had expanded their power over those other chieftains.
When the Spanish colonizers arrived in 1565, they initially relied heavily on this informal Muslim trade network. Having brought an interpreter with them from Portuguese Melaka, the Spaniards soon discovered that the Moros of the Philippines could speak both Malay, the language of Melaka, and the region's various local dialects. Moros thus became indispensable translators, and as translators, they also served the Spaniards in critical diplomatic roles. A Moro interpreter, in fact, was crucial in negotiating and establishing the first Spanish settlement at Cebu.
The Spaniards also assimilated into the Moros' local trade network, which was essential to their early survival in the islands. One Manila Moro in partcular, named Mahomar- an early Tagalog rendering of the word Muhammad-was especially important in this process. Hearing that the Spaniards had silver, he arrived to trade at their Cebu settlement as they were on the brink of starvation. For the next five years, between 1565-1570, as Muhammad made his regular trading rounds through the islands, he frequently traveled from Manila to Cebu and back carrying desperately needed local supplies to the Spaniards in exchange for more Latin American silver. Mahomar then took that silver to Manila where he traded it for Chinese commodities, making him the founder of the galleon trade: the first to discover and profit from the exchange of American silver for Chinese goods. And it was Mahomar's regular trade with the Spaniards that began to create the new world Agustin was now, in 1588, attempting to overthrow. As early as 1565, Mahomar's actions had begun to stitch together and to transform the worlds of China, Islam, and Spain in the Philippines.
Not all Moros in that earlier era had, however, cooperated with the Spaniards. Mahomar and his family were eventually baptized into Catholicism, and in 1570 the Spaniards asked him to help them resettle at Manila. Mahomar agreed to help, and in that year he guided the Spaniards to his hometown. He even used his own manpower to back and support them. But Rajah Soliman, the most powerful Moro datu in Manila at the time, resisted Spanish settlement. When Mahomar came ashore from the Spanish ships to feast with Soliman, hoping perhaps to broker some permanent alliance, violence broek out between the two. Eventually, this violence spilled over into Manila Bay, and Spanish ships, unaware of what had started the conflict, began to fire on Soliman's Manila settlement.18 Mahomar and the Spaniards, shortly thereafter, defeated Soliman, who fled to the hills, and the following year Mahomar's Moros, accompanied by the Spanish, returned to Manila and began building the colony's new capital. In later years, one local Spanish historian would memorialize Mahomar as "the key to all the islands."19 Even the self congratulating Spaniards acknowledged-despite their intense opposition to Islam-that without their local Moro allies their colonial project in Asia would have been impossible.
The Spanish settlement at Manila, however, did not put an end to the division between Moro supporters of colonization and Moro resisters, something that was becoming clear from Surabao's revelation about Agustin's plot. Though many Muslim datus throughout the region allied with the Spaniards and adopted Christianity, several of these Christian converts still sought opportunity to overthrow colonial authority, and some of these continued to turn to traditional Muslim channels of power to do it. Soliman's 1574 revolt, described above, for example, had involved not only a Chinese merchant-pirate, but he was also rumored to have sent a request to Brunei, asking that the Muslim sultan dispatch a fleet of ships to support his efforts.20 This fleet never arrived, but the rumor eventually helped to inspire a 1578-79 colonial expedition that attacked Brunei and other Moro settlements in the area, including Jolo and Mindanao.21 This expedition was the start of outright antagonism between Manila and its Muslim neighbors, an antagonism that would yet last for centuries, even into the twenty first century. In 1588, however, that antagonism is not yet complete. Agustin still has traditional allies on Borneo, and his envoy to reach out to them is reminiscent of his adoptive father's attempt to do the same fourteen years before.
Great narration
this is a wonderful channel... i loved it
This is really helpful. Now the fact that the malaysian history book didn't mention this makes me loses hope for our govt. Thanks for the video man
You deserve more subs.
Thank you -- hopefully things will keep growing at a steady pace!
Great video! Thanks for the info, from a Portuguese to the world, much love and gool luck gambling eheheheh
Great job with the presentation. I did not know that the history of the fall of Malacca was written in so much details. Also, the plot and drama is perfect for an Assassin's Creed game. Maybe they can call it Assassin's Creed Nusantara.
Great idea for the franchise but PC hardware is pricey here in M'sia. Even a Gigabyte 1650 Super can cost up to MYR900.
the details he used to describe Malacca comes from that portuguese diplomat who was arrested.