Carl Sagan Christmas Lectures 3 - The History of Mars
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- čas přidán 11. 04. 2022
- Cold, arid, and tens of millions of miles away from Earth, Mars has intrigued scientists for centuries. The existence of liquid on its surface was confirmed by NASA’s flyby mission, Mariner 4, in 1965, but the question of whether life exists on our neighbouring planet has remained a subject of much speculation.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, observers using only the naked eye and a telescope saw features on Mars which they interpreted as evidence for a dry but Earth-like climate, for vegetation which grew and decayed with the seasons, and for a great Martian canal network designed by a heroic but dying race of hydraulic engineers.
In the third of his CHRISTMAS LECTURES, Carl Sagan explores the mystery of the Red Planet. From its rocky craters to its polar ice caps, Carl describes our understanding of the geology and chemistry of Mars, revealing the discovery of its two moons, Phobos and Deimos, in 1877, and the bizarre one-time suggestion that these moons were artificial satellites launched by an ancient but not extinct Martian civilisation.
Source: www.rigb.org/explore-science/...
About the 1977 CHRISTMAS LECTURES
What exists beyond Earth? Over six Lectures presented in 1977, American astronomer and cosmologist Carl Sagan explores the vast expanse of space that surrounds the third planet from the Sun.
Life on Earth
Where at first we could only discern the size of our planet and some knowledge of its atmosphere and configuration, the evolution of planetary exploration has revealed not only intricate details of Earth’s climate and geology, but a multitude of stars and planets besides our own.
Beginning with a closer look at the world we inhabit, Carl explores of the diversity of life on our own planet and the building blocks behind it, before questioning whether the same organic chemistry is occurring on planets in the outer solar system.
The Red Planet
In Lecture three onwards, Carl takes a closer look at our neighbouring planet, Mars. From early interpretations of terrestrial life on its surface to the surprising discoveries made by NASA’s Viking Program, the Red Planet has become the focus of efforts to discern whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.
When Carl delivered his Lectures in the late 1970s, NASA had only just begun its Voyager program to the furthest planets in our solar system and no extra-solar planets were known to exist. Now, over three decades later, astronomers are looking at planets that lie beyond our solar system to ask the very same question we pondered over Mars: is there life out there? - Věda a technologie
There hasn't been another Sagan since we lost him. We miss you Carl.
that's true. it was Carl Sagan. he died.
Britain and England 19 the government and
I mean...that's how death works...did you expect a replacemant Carl Sagan?
Those children at the time didn't know they had the best teacher ever lecturing them. No one since has come close to Carl Sagan's ability to explain complicated subjects in a manner that everyone could understand and enjoy.
@Leokimvideo Are you kidding? see (The Long Path to Understanding Gravity, or Stars in an Electric Universe) just for starters.
@@velikovskysghost Which theory of gravity do you think has been scientificly proven?
@@slow-mo_moonbuggy The best explanation so far is "The Long Path to Understanding Gravity" by the late Wallace (Wal) Thornhill at the 2015 thunderbolts conference Science that makes sense.
@@velikovskysghost Thanks! I'll check it out. I think I'm subscribed to Thunderbolts. I'm pretty sure the only gravity that can be scientificly validated is Specific gravity. None of the other so called theories hold water and some are not even scientific theories in the first place. Quantum gravity is pretty promising as well.
I thought the same thing
I was 15 in 1977 and never missed these lectures from the Royal Institute in London. They were meant for children but Sagan never spoke as if he were talking to children.
He 'came over' like an enthusiastic teacher, who was keen to share his knowledge, because he knew it was interesting. I was hooked, even back then.
My Dad got me a small telescope(70mm) and it opened a new world. ( I got myself a Meade lx200 25 years ago and it still works well). The series Cosmos was amazing in 1980, with it's novel graphics for the time. I have the hardback book right here. He was inspirational, charismatic and unique. I'm sure billions and billions agree.
Thanks for posting the video, it takes me back.
Sagan could not have been of this planet . He has changed my life and perspective with his philosophy and humility .
Despite having very little visual aid, Carl knew how to tell a story better than most lecturers these days.
Nonsense stories.
Another Carl Sagan buttlicker.
Sagan was one of our greatest American treasures.
Why?
Sagan was a high paid sophist. He was a pure nonsense machine.
@@slow-mo_moonbuggyuse ur brain much?
@@Eddy_111 What did Sagan do?
@@slow-mo_moonbuggySagan was an brilliant educator, he brought the universe and physics to the public by books and TV shows and lectures like this. He also contributed to the Voyager probes that took close up pics of the outer planets
Carl Sagan is amazing , I am so upset that we can’t watch full episodes of Carl Sagan’s cosmos anywhere nor buy the digital version , is like they don’t want us to watch his shows anymore
It's because his widow decided to live off his corpse for the rest of her life. It should have just been public domain by now. PBS and the BBC paid for it. The show was basically publicly funded. Yet for some reason the public has to double and trip dip to watch it again. Whatever.
@@youtubesuresuckscock Ken Burns does the same. Making us double dip pay. Terrible!
@@ADGarvey1 I know it's easy to find if you're not completely clueless, but that's not the point. This really should have just been public domain by now.
Are you an actual person? Your comments look like all the other comments that lick Carl’s stupid butt. Carl is a Sophist. Look it up.
@@jurassicape822I can't find em
Thank you Carl Sagan
Irreplaceable. There will never be anyone like him again. We were robbed. This genius was taken far too young.
Another buttlicking comment. Fake.
I wish we could remaster these somehow and make the slides and examples clearer
It's quite possible, Just needs funding.
I would love to hear Carl Sagan’s lecture with the evidence provided by the James Webb
I love that Sagan used many practical models so everybody could understand what hes talking about.
Legend.
I remember this lecture and the surface views have astonishingly changed in just 20 odd years after this talk.
Another buttlicking comment. Fake.
Inspirations from a Master at work.
thankyou for sharing this
a real treat 🙂
As a kid in the late Sixties and early Seventies I remember vividly, us not knowing what the surface of Mars looked like, and thinking it could "possibly" have canals. Even though we were pretty sure it did not. Heh.
Haha the “I’m an old person” buttlicking comment. Fake.
@@cheesecop9321There were no surface pictures of Mars prior to 1976, so the canal story was a real thing back then, even through we were pretty sure it wasn't true.
@@NorthernChev Yeah I was sure that even before a lander arrived in Mars in 1976, surely people knew at least by the mid or late 1950s about Mars. I mean humans landed on the moon in 1969, so to have crazy ideas of Mars seemed silly. It seems more like something people in 1935 believed.
Great lecture!
I recorded this from the tv on an audiocassette tape as a kid. Still have it.
I was 12 when I first saw this. It gave me a lifetime interest in astronomy and space sciences. I am currently an avid backyard stargazer and try to understand physics 😅.
That's interesting. I like the model and artwork he uses. Is this a 1977 lecture? I thought that's what he said, referring to the disco ery of "Martian canals" in 1877.
So much of good information
“It’s probably good not to know Spanish. La puta”. bless this being for existing during a time where we could record.
The JWST should've been named after Sagan.
The Sagan telescope is in the works at the moment. If I remember correctly, it’s got about twice the surface area as the JWST. Exciting prospect for the future of astronomy
A real Professor
12:20 - This is so well said.... anyone want to let a certain billionaire know that they are in over their head.
35:20 Careful , Carl, there are children in the audience.
Clearly no one spoke Spanish in that audience. I just love his sense of humor.
I love this! Sagan teaching class to what would become known as Gen X; I was born in the 70's, but later, and now sit at the tail end of Gen X. The science he talks about is still solid. The moons are getting pulled down in the gravity of Mars and will eventually get torn to shreds. There are no canals; though we have AMPLE evidence that Mars did have water and probably oceans in its far past. Sagan puts out the best reasons why science is king and why you need to be open minded when the evidence shows you something different. This is a MASSIVE failing of people today. Dogmatism will only lead to false conclusion IMO. And Sagan would only be 89 years old were he still alive today. Died way too young.................such a great mind.
Where are the remaining 3 lectures?
Carl understood that his gift of exposition was unique for Astronomers and Physicists.
he never says ‘Uh Um’ NEVER. some how he explained his GEEKness in the Koolest way possible.
Um...I don't think you listened to the entire lecture...it was worth every um. 😊
Listening from the ukwales❤️
greetings from cardiff 🙂 x
Listening to Carl, I can see that Niel Degrasse Tyson is a pale reflection of mr Sagan
Not as pale though.
It would've been great to have seen them together discussing astrobiology and astronomy before Carl handed in his dinner pail.
I loved Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, but after watching several forums I began to see how condescending he is to his audience members, which is a huge turn off. If an individual paid to hear Tyson speak I'd assume they have at least a rudimentary knowledge of cosmology, but he talks to them as if they're subhuman. 😳 Not a single speaking engagement I've watched of Sagan, never did he speak down to his audience Sagan spoke to them.
He's black. Are you dumb or something?
How could there not be life elsewhere in the universe?
There just has to be.
It seems logical that there is . It is a ginormous universe. If we are here, I figure, there must be other life.
CONDITIONS HAVE TO BE RIGHT FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS ITS NOT INSTANT MASH
Life in the universe most probably was and even more certainly will be, but it is unlikely that it is 'now' during humanity's existence on Earth. We and all the other cultures that will inhabit the universe in the next trillions of trillions of years are destined to be asking ourselves, "Are we the only ones?".
I think there may be BUT we may not live all at the same point in time or too faraway in space to communicate with each other. Or instead of galactic colonisation it may be more economical to expand only locally instead of interstellar colonisation.
I like how he doesn't talk down to them. Way too much dumbing down to kids today.
22:00 The Martians needed to take Sam Kinison's advice. Don't send your water to the equatorial cities. Don't send another drop. Send your U-Hauls, pack everyone up and you take them where the water is!
That’s happening right now at the southern border of the United States.
Look at the age of his audience. Compare to modern school kids.
35:20 oh Carl....
The only way to really know is to go there with space vehicles.
Anyone reading this, you simply must go watch "Mars Guy" here on YT.
i find channel Astrum good as well
Oooooohhh, Carl. LUL This is a kids lecture, man (35:15).
It's NOT just the greenhouse effect, it's the slow rotation, which boils the atmosphere on the closer side.
How do you know that we’re not in the after life now 🤔
After what?
Do we have a clone of Carl Sagan ?
I agree with all your points- except that I don't get the notion of curvature. Right now, i imagine the universe as being a thick slice of cottage cheeze (with a topmost surface). I can curve the topmost surface of the thick block of cottage cheeze by cutting it in some smooth ways etc. So curvature to me does make sense only if there seems to be an upper limit (yes-up means the usual up-like the roof) to the number of such 3d layers of the universe just like for a finite block of cheeze, i can divide it into finite number of slices by taking a specific thickness for each. But, if the universe is infinite in all directions, then there seems to be no topmost surface of the universe to curve-because I can keep adding layers of cheeze above it of any thickness or shape and flatten it out eventually. So, how can we curve an infinite universe?
According to my knowledge, I think that this is true but in a coincidence way- that the flat universes are always infinite- but it is a vice-versa of that.
Or, should I imagine local internal curves and grooves in the cottage cheeze that point to the pictures where a 3d block of spacetime bends inward with a mass inside, instead of those where a planet or star shows bending of a rubber like sheet in a circular way. (Maybe it is just confusion caused by visuals of the theory?)
Thanks.
The universe on large scales, such as billions of light-years, does seem to be flat. On local scales, curvature is notably present especially in and around a galactic structure, and on slightly larger scales of galaxy clusters.
For instance, the great attractor, and the shapley supercluster behind it, bend spacetime on scales of a couple of billion lightyears. Pretty significant curvature for such a large scale, but if you zoom out to the total scale of the observable universe it appears to be smooth and evenly distributed across the whole thing.
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Lol Spanish reference joke haha but nobody laughed
Which time?
@@emmawatson9180 laputa - probably intentional by swift; 18th century humour hasnt aged well
This recording is worthless because it is interrupted by ads. Don’t watch.
Go somewhere else then friend
it is very annoying isn it
What ads?
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2He was with God in the beginning. 3Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. (John 1:1-3)
Bollocks.
Call on Christ today, He will give you transform your life and give you a new beginning!. For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life (John 3:16).
@@jessasto947 human sacrifice is a nasty, immoral business. Scapegoating js a term derived from the ancient Hebrew practice of putting the sins of the tribe on a goat, and sending it into the desert to die. Sound familiar?
God waits for you with open arms. Turn to him and be transformed with a new life! For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life (John 3:16)
@@jessasto947 The clearest indication to me that God was created by men is this, God's a mysoginistic ass. One of the ten commandments lumps women in with animals as property.
"You shall not covet your neighbor's house. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor."
“I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet.” - Timothy 2:12
If a man rapes a woman the Bible says he can just pay the father to marry her. Forced bondage by an aggressor.
“If there is a young woman, a virgin already engaged to be married, and a man meets her in the town and lies with her, you shall stone them to death, the young woman because she did not cry for help and the man because he violated his neighbor’s wife.”
“[If the woman is not engaged], the man who lay with her shall give 50 shekels of silver to the young woman’s father, and she shall become his wife.” - Deuteronomy 22:23-27
But if this thing be true, and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel: Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die.” - Deuteronomy 22:20-21
“Wives submit yourselves unto your husbands, as unto the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church.” - Ephesians 5:22-5
During wartime, Israeli soldiers were allowed to capture the women of conquered nations and force them to be their wives. They "shaved their heads, pared their nails, and removed the garments of their nation. They were given one month to greive before forcing them into marriage."
Religion is man-made garbage
29:05 and criminal identification! Even with " todays face recognition"!
💐 p̶r̶o̶m̶o̶s̶m̶