How to read in Czech and Polish?
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- čas přidán 11. 06. 2024
- #polish #czech #spelling #linguistics
The highest mountain in Australia is… Kościuszko! Wait, how do you actually read this?
Welcome to the world of Slavic languages!
Today, we'll delve into two Latin-based alphabets: Czech and Polish. They are fundamentally different and the other Slavic alphabets are based on them. So, if you are a bit familiar with both, then you have a key to any other Slavic language that uses the Latin script.
Support my channel on Patreon: / authling
00:00 Introduction
00:43 What is wrong with the Latin alphabet?
01:54 Czech alphabet
06:32 Polish alphabet
09:19 Résumé
09:54 Questions
As a Polish I want to say you've done great work! Both pronunciation and explanation are very precise and clear :D
Thank you!
As a native Czech speaker, i agree!
@@kaktusman1285 Much appreciated!
@@kaktusman1285 taky taky
prawda
For me as a Czech speaker, understanding of another Slavic language (to some extent) is not that hard but only after some time of exposure when I'm used to their specific sounds. The biggest and funniest issue is always the huge amount of false friends. My favourite is "otrok" - in Czech it is "a slave" but in Slovenian it is "a child". So i absolutely loved their bumper stickers saying "Otrok v autě". The classic one is šukat/szukać. :)
Me: "Szukam dziecka w sklepie"
Czechs: 🤨
@@bruhmoment3478 To explain for english readers, while the sound is the same, meaning is very different - Polish: Szukam dziecka w sklepie - I'm searching for kids in the market; Šukám děcka ve sklepě - I'm f*ck*ng kids in the cellar.
@@bruhmoment3478
Czech: "Šukám děcka v sklepě"
Police: Arresting a pedophile next day.
@@danender5555
Dear God, only other Polish guys know the feeling of being on minefield when You need to find something in potraviny shop 😂
It takes Jedi concentration level to say "hleadam" istead of "szukam" just because other words are so similar to your own language xd
Yeah, do you know the joke about a Polish and Slovakian guy missing a train?
The name of the country Czech Republic is spelled with CZ, not because it comes from the Polish language, but because the name came to English before the orthographic reform in the Czech.
I'm glad someone mentioned this. Hus' Czech looks a lot more like Polish than modern Czech does. And indeed, Czech is an archaic Czech spelling of Czech.
This ... actually makes way more sense.
I've seen two versions in different dictionaries.
Oxford English Dictionary and Collins English Dictionary mention that the English "Czech" comes from Polish or was influenced by Polish spelling.
The American English Dictionary believes that the English word comes from Old Czech "Czech".
web.archive.org/web/20180412000947/en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/czech
www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/czech
ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Czech
I see one problem with the version of Czech origin of the word Czech in English. The words "Czechian" and "Czech" have appeared in English-language texts since the 17th century. Jan Hus established the new orthography much earlier, in 1406. Spelling before Hus was inconsistent: č was written as chz or as cz is different orthographies. Why English has chosen Czech over Chzech if both variants look unusual and deprecated for 400 years? I would expect some influence of Polish (or Latin) here.
@@AuthLingThe spelling was still inconsistent long after Hus. Both old and new spellings and their combination were used until the 19th century, like in words Cžech or Cžechy (Cž was for some reason more popular than capital Č). "Czechia" was indeed a popular Latin version of Cžechy used since the 16th century and it is believed that it was these Latin sources (often written by Czechs) that were the direct influence on the English spelling of the words Czech or Czechian. There is no reason to believe there was any Polish influence whatsoever. Czech historian and diplomat Jiří Šitler wrote an excellent article "Czechia si to bude muset protrpět" on this. It is available online (in Czech).
As a Czech guy, I just want to say that this is an actually good material for foreigners! You have nice pronounciations and you explain the stuff very well.
Thank you!
jak si dokázal získat 47 lajků za jeden den kamo to nedám ani já za půl roku
@@originalni_popisovac stačí dát komentář který prostě má nějakou hodnotu, originalitu něco takového já mám vždy lajky na mých komentech a nejlépe je komentovat když to video zrovna vyšlo.
@@lambdaspecialist_source to dává smysl když většina mých komentářů vlastně maj pár slov xd
@@originalni_popisovac Navíc on je specialista :'D
I really like the cute soft consonants from Polish!
They are so cute: soft and hushing at the same time!
@@AuthLing Cieszę się, że je lubisz. / I'm happy that you like it.
That's why Polish uses these sounds for diminutive forms or affectionate forms for certain words :) kotek is "little kitty" (a common pet name between couples) but kotuś for a more affection version of the same word. It's very cool how you can play with diminutives and augumentatives in Slavic languages!
@@dumbalek6001 or even kiciuś :) (very little and very sweet kitty)
This is the first time I have watched a video that covers Polish pronunciation. I'm Ukrainian. I used to read Wiki in many Slavic languages. Since my first language is Ukrainian, I never had a problem reading Czech articles, because reading Czech diacritics is almost natural for me. I simply guess how it sounds, cause we have the same sounds. Thanks to digraphs, it takes me twice as much time to read and understand anything in Polish. I guess I just have to memorize them if I wanna read in Polish. Thanks for an interesting and helpful video!
Just memorise the Polish-Czech equivalents;
Ш -> Š -> SZ
Ч -> Č -> CZ
Рь -> Ř -> RZ (Tho the Ř-sound disappeared and merged with Ž. This is for etymology's sake)
Ж -> Ž -> Ż
Exactly!
The worst is when there are multiple digraphs in a row and I have to split it and decode it.
@@tomasroll5089
As a Pole it's not that bad.
@@modmaker7617 ř is still a distinct sound in most of czechia and even in some small regions of poland! kashubians also preserved it
As a native Ukrainian speaker, it's not hard at all to read Czech or Polish. Yes, you need to learn a little, how to read all that stuff, but the sounds are familiar and therefore it all just feels logical
It is easy to understand a language in a written form, when similar words exist in my language. However, there are not so many, maybe about 60% or so
I feel like it's easier to learn Cyrillic script and read the worlds. I think this script is better suited for Slavic languages
@@deutschermichel5807 I don't think so, that script is somehow heavy and bit archaic and has perhaps greater variations than latin based alphabets. For example while in latin based alphabets you just add various funny marks above letters or place them together in some funny way, in cyrilic based scripts you have completely different letters that are missing in other.
On the side note, Czech language is one of few, if not only, with fully phonetic written form. That means that words are pronounced just as they are written.
@@deutschermichel5807I speak Russian, and when I moved to Poland I understood a few cognates. Unfortunately the spelling made it really hard to identify them, so what I did was to change the Latin into Cyrillic alphabet and all made sense.
Like “Możesz”- можеш and then bingo! Ты можешь - “you can”!
@@MrToradragonI disagree, Roman alphabets become so adulterated that is quite hard to learn rules from language to langue. Cyrillic on the other hand fits perfectly with Polish for example. (I posted an earlier comment dealing with that)
@@revertrevertz5438 As a native speaker of Polish, I can't agree. Just seeing sentences written in Cyrillic I presume that they must be in Russian - and a Polish word which does not appear in Russian but written in Cyrillic is completely incomprehensible/illegible to me.
On the other hand, I understand your point of view. You associate the Latin alphabet so much with English pronunciation that you make assumptions about the pronunciation of individual letters. Meanwhile, in the Polish language these assumptions should be completely different - the signs/letters are the same but the sounds are different. Hence the misunderstandings. Cyrillic, on the other hand, you don't associate with the English pronunciation at all - but you associate it with the Russian pronunciation. And here is the crux of the problem and at the same time the solution - the Russian pronunciation and the Polish pronunciation of "sounds" are very similar (and both are different from English), so when you write a Polish word in Cyrillic and try to read it "in Russian" (because you read Cyrillic pre-assuming that it is in Russian), you will achieve a pronunciation very close to the correct Polish one.
One thing worth mentioning is that Polish "y" basically corresponds to English "i"--in words like it, sit, pill, whereas Polish "i" corresponds to English "ea" or "ee" or other combinations--see, read, etc... The problem is that the graphemic systems are different and these result in pronunciation problems because of the visual interference, not due to inability to make the sound. This also happens when English speakers try to pronounce "rz" in Polish--it's because of the visual input/interference, not the sound itself, which exists in English.
Also, what we lazily refer to as short "i" in English is really a completely different vowel from "long i". We just call it short, but it can be long or short. Notice wick vs wig. I is short before unvoiced consonants, and long before voiced consonants despite being called short i. It's a problem with nomenclature. Sorry, I went a little off topic into English.
Glad to read your comment! Phonetics and phonology are my passion.
I agree that the Polish "y" [ɘ] is quite similar to the KIT vowel, especially in the New Zealand accent and to the unstressed allophone in many accents. However, the Polish vowel is more centralized and lowered in compare to a typical stressed KIT vowel in General British or General American. The Polish sound resembles both the KIT and the COMMA vowels.
Praat seems to agree: my measurements give
(F1, F2) as (382 Hz; 1958 Hz) for the General British [ɪ] and (470 Hz; 1800 Hz) for the Polish [ɘ].
Yep, you are absolutely right. A vowel become shorter before a fortis (voiceless) consonant. This way /ɪ/ in bid is longer than /i/ in beet.
I prefer the terms tense-lax for the English vowels and fortis-lenis for the consonants. They are more accurate than short-long and voiceless-voiced.
Tense vowels are still longer than shorter vowels in the same environment (/ɪ/ in rid is longer than /i/ in read). And "short" and "long" seem to be more popular terms than tense-lax. If Alan Cruttenden uses them, why can't we?
When I was learning English in the high school, the teacher presented us a word "sheet" and then a warning: if you don't want to say a bad word, the "i" has to be long ... - "iiiiiii" ... (of course we wanted to know what is this bad word with a short "i" instead.. .this was before Internet) .
@eric hamilton My previous answer was deleted, so I will repeat - you are wrong!
You replaced the word "kit" in your post with "it", "sit", "pill", which are closer to the Polish "y", but do not sound like the vowel "y" in Polish. As I wrote, a better example is "myth" or "sorry" or "Sheryl".
I will also repeat that "Google Translate" correctly reads Polish texts, in my ears it sounds as if the text was slowly read by a Pole. It is a pretty good reference platform for correct Polish pronunciation. I am not able to assess how Google's technology copes with other languages, but with Polish it does it very well.
To avoid unnecessary discussions about how this or that vowel/consonant sounds in Polish, it is best to use Google Translate to read it in Polish.
@@amjan Here's a question to my Polish friends: Is the pronunciation of "bić" the same as of "bicz"?
I'm Czech and I'm not sure.
For non-Polish speakers: bić is "to beat (someone)" and bicz is a whip.
While the Czech equivalents are: 1) "bít" [with more or less the same pron as in English to beat, just the accent is a bit different, obviously], and 2) "bič" [pron as in Eng "bitch"].
Btw, as someone might ask in future, e.g. learners of Czech, if there is a difference in the pronunciation of the Czech words "bít" (to beat someone) and "být" (to be), so I just repeat (as it was stated in the video), they're exactly the same. They were different in old Czech, but have merged in the same sound.
The same with the past tenses of the same words:
"bil" as in sentence: "bil ho tak dlouho, až mu tekla krev" (he beat him as long as he started bleeding),
"byl" as in: "kde jsi včera byl?" (Where were you yesterday?)
the pronunciation of the two is same, albeit "short i" in this case.
As a polish person, I understand the czech and slovakian languages very well and they're really funny. Its kinda harder with ukrainian and russian but they're comprehensible, I had 4 ukrainian refugees in my class last year and with a little bit of effort we communicated well
Haha, it's the other way around too. Most Polish sound very comprehensible, apart from that the word choices sound unusual and very childish as they're typically same as our diminutive forms.
Czech & Slovak speaker here, who learned some Polish from Kapitan Bomba.
as a Belarusian who's been living in Czechia since 2017, I can understand Polish pretty well too, and to my ear it's also the funniest language I've ever heard. Slovak mostly seems like Czech but with a Ukrainian accent
@@8o86 its exactly the same with Czech for Polish people its also sounds like diminutive forma
as czech child 30 years ago i look at cartoon on polsat - with this im able to understand polish language little better.
Belarussian latin alphabet is a mix of Polish and Czech ortography and is, at least from Polish perspective, super easy to read and understand.
As a Polish person I would like to say that "i" after a soft consonant doesn't come only because of vowel after. For example word "cichy" (silent) would still use soft ć sound. And word "zimny" (cold) would do the same. It is because "ć" "ś" "ń" "ź" "dź" sound are considered as "short" sounds, while "ci" "si" "ni" "zi" "dzi" are considered "long" sounds.
For example - word "dźwięk" (sound) would use "dźw" as one sound cause "dź" is short. If you spelt it "dziwęk", you would need to say it with sound "i" after "dz" like in "dziwny" (weird) as it would be "long" "dzi".
I'm from Poland. Been many times to Czech Republic and Slovakia and I've never had to use english to comunicate. I haven't used neither Chech or Slovak language. I don't speak those languages but we can understand each other very well. There are some words that sound exactly the same in Polish but they mean something completely different but after some time you get used to it so it's not a problem. What is funny there was never a situation that Czech or Slovak couldn't understand me :D And this applies to written form as well.
Szacunek za to! Cieszy mnie chęcia każdego Polaka, który się nie boji do Czechów mówić po polsku.
Skoro człowiek mówi powoli, to każdy Słowianin potrafi porozumieć, ale niektórzy usłyszą jedno słówko, które nie znają, to natychmiast się poddają i zaczną po angielsku gadać, tak niepotrzebnie budują przed sobą mur komunikacyjny.
Just don't go looking for any children in a shop.
Z ciekawości spytam czy szukałeś kiedyś dziecka w sklepie? :>
Jestem z Rosji i kocham wasz język. Uczę się języku polskiemu od parę lat dlatego żeby móc zrozumieć filmy historyczne wyprodukowany w Polsce w oryginale. Widzę że język polski jest bardzo trudnym, ale mogę znaleść kilka podobieństw do języka rosyjskiego. Kocham wasz kraj!
Czechs and slovaks hate us, Poles and don't like if somebody using polish language on their shit states. Is better to use english there.
This is excellent! May the algorithm bless you 💪💪
Thank you! 🙏
Great video and as a Polish I have to admit that You have perfect polish prononcuation!
Thanks 😅
@@AuthLing Well almost. When saying "Strzelecki" you missed a distinct "t" after first "S". Other than that splendid.
@@79marchewa no he didn’t? Do you mean he forgot to say Trz as a non-affricate T + rz as opposed to Cz?
(so like the difference between Trzy and Czy)
I learned a lot of new english vocabulary. In Slovene we call the č, š and ž letters "šumniki", which would translate as "humming consonants", while in english they are refered as "hushing", which is quite interesting. The charon/haček symbol is called "strešica", which actually means "little roof", as it looks like an inverted little roof. All the soft consonants are consistently represented as diagraphs and are percieved as separate sounds (n + j, instead of nj as one sound). The Slovene gajica is actually really phonetic, for the exceptions of some words where letters "v" and "l" can be prounounced as "u". The sound that the czech language represents with "h" is actually not present in literal slovene, but just in some local dialects, for example near Gorica (which the czech would write as Horica). It's really interesting to compare our languages and writing systems.
Very interesting! I'd like to compare Polish and Ukrainian languages! Thank you so much!😉
I will definitely compare them!
Velmi dobrá práce. Málo lidí dělá videa o jazyku jako je čeština. Jsem rád že jsem tě našel
mozna si je jenom nehledal ? ;) czcams.com/users/results?search_query=americaka+v+cesku
The funny thing is that in the Polish and Czech languages are some words, that are almost the same in pronunciation but means basiclly a diffret thing. For example (famous among the speakers who know the second language though a bit) "sklep", which means "the shop in Poland and "a basement in Czech.
I can't speak for Czech, but in Polish, t͡ʃ and tʃ are not equivalent. I can hear you saying "Szczelecki" and "Andżej" instead od "Strzelecki" and "Andrzej". An example of a minimal pair that makes the distinction is "trzy" and "czy".
Yes! We need to finally acknowledge the fact that Krakówspeak is wrong and shouldn't be considered Polish.
Kraków mfers be like: "o czeciej czydzieści czy wyjdę na pole na stare miasto pooddychać śwież... pooddychać powietrz.... pooddychać"
Actually, it depends on the region... in Warsaw there is a distinction, in the south, in Cracow, they are the same
@@arturwadoowski2402 It's really uncommon to hear this distinction in Kraków. I'm from south (lesser Poland) and i pronounce it "Strzelecki" not "Szczelecki".
Nice video and very good pronunciation! Interesting fact: the old Czech language before Jan Hus looked very similar to the current Polish language. sz, cz, rz -> š, č, ř. If we didn't go through this language reform, current Czech could possibly still have the same phonetic script as my Polish. And vice versa. If Polish had this language reform as well, it should basically look like Czech today. But still, we still understand each other even without knowing the other language.
I'm Czech and the pronounciation was great! Big up for that.
Genialna robota! Jestem pod głębokim wrażeniem tak dobrego opracowania. No po prostu wooooow! :D dziękuję!
Gdyby ktoś chciał się od autora filmu uczyć języka polskiego, niech zapłaci mu ile będzie on tylko chciał, to świetny nauczyciel!
Dziękuję bardzo!
I absolutely love everything about this video!
Thank you for the appreciation!
As a person who is learning Polish and Ukrainian on its own, I am really happy to have found this video! I look forward to your next videos! Thanks for this, it´s been really helpful!
What a nice explanation! Looking forward for your next videos with language comparisons 👍
For me as a Pole, Slovak is much easier to understand than Czech. But I can get the overall sense of the sentence quite easily in both cases. I have started learing Russian, and we have simillar cases and so on, but many words are alien to me. And thats where Ukrainian comes in, if there is a completely different word for something in Russian, from my experience, there is a high chance that the Ukrainians use a word that is practicly the same as ours. I know that it may sound obvious, buy Ukrainian is the middle ground between Russian and Polish, so a Ukrainian has the easiest time learning either Polish or Russian
Z tego co mi wiadomo Słowacki jest najbliższy polskiego ze wszystkich słowiańskich języków. Staroczeski był tak bliski polskiego że rozumieliśmy się w 100% jednak wiele czynników sprawiło że teraz czeski jest dużo dalej od polskiego między innymi przez długotrwałą agresywną germanizację
true
also we have almost the same sounds Czech has
h sound is the same for example, not like Polish or Russian g
@@mariusztrynkiewicz4862 a nie białoruski? Nwm
Poles understand Slovak better than Kashubian? 🤔
@@slonskipieron i think slovak
It was such a nice breakdown, for me a native Ukrainian speaker it makes roughly 70% intelligibility of both Czech or Polish in the written form, in spoken firm it's usually less like 40%, but context always comes in handy :)
As a native Polish speaker I'd say:
1) Great job mate! It's pretty uncommon to hear a non-native Polish speaker to pronounce our words correctly ;)
2) Now, when I look at the comparison you've made between the two spellings... well, the Czech one definitely looks simpler (more straightforward, less complicated).
3) Having said that tho... yeah, as you've mentioned, we are nothing compared to the English spelling (and pronunciation as well) :P
I remember what a pain it was to learning that one. And the fact, that there's no one consisent way of spelling and instead British, American, etc. (So having learnt both the British one at school and then the American one on the internet I've ended up having that weird mixed of both).
Many ppl don't acknowledge how hard the English spelling actually is, so it's nice you mention that too ;)
I'm a Belarusian who's lived in Czechia since 2017. Naturally Russian is my native language and with a few weeks of practice I could probably start speaking Belarusian (currently it's on the level of "understand everything but don't have the vocab to speak" thanks to Russian cultural imperialism), and I speak Czech fluently. Slovak is very easy to understand because it's incredibly close to Czech, but sounds more Ukrainian. Speaking of Ukrainian, learning Czech actually made me able to understand Ukrainian way better, because there's a surprising amount of overlap. Same with Polish, fast colloquial speech is kinda hard but I can understand most things fine if it's spoken slightly slower, reading takes a bit but I can do it. Polish also sounds hilarious to me, it's a really funny language. I can make out the general meaning here and there in written Bosno-Serbo-Croat, but it's pretty hard. I can read Bulgarian very easily and understand basically everything, but can't make out a single word of spoken Bulgarian. Slovenian is incomprehensible. The word for "kid" in Slovenian means "slave" in Czech.
side note, I still find Czech pronunciation quite difficult, and not even because of the cursed ř sound - that one I can actually do very well. It's the language rhythm that's messing me up. In English, a vowel being long means you're going to put word stress on it, but not in Czech. Czech stress is pretty much always on the first syllable, and so you're tasked with both stressing some vowels without dragging them out while also dragging other vowels later on in the word without putting stress on them. It's really hard I still sound foreign when speaking Czech because of it.
какой блять имперализм? в казахстане тоже империализм чтоли? язык русский великий и могуч, обширен и международен - тебе повезло знать его и иметь его родным
the funny thing is belarusian is very similar to polish
@@maxstanko Not really.
@@LordDamianus Belarussian is very similar to Ukrainian afaik
@@LordDamianus Thats really funny, everyone probably hears what they want to hear. I have a Belorusian friend and when I asked him to say a sentence in Belorusian, it sounded to me as Polish, though the words were actually different. But the sound, the rhythm, melody etc. seemed to me very similar to Polish.
I find Polish spelling much easier as I'm from Poland😂 Still can read Czech as I used to watch Czech TV as a child. Now I live near the border. Greetings to our neighbours.
Greetings from a Polish-speaking Australian! Thanks for sharing your experience.
Very interesting, thank you!
Thanks for watching!
Many products in this part of Europe have description in Polish, Czech and Slovak. As a Polish if at first I read description in Czech and Slovak, I don't need to read it in my own language. Everything is already clear. But speaking is very different.
I am Polish and I work with CEE Region, so i have people from Czechia, Slovakia, Croatia. i can understand some words, some are similar or even the same. Some sounds like a cuter version of Polush, especially in Czech :D Good job on this movie! I keep telling my foreign friends that Polish is really hard in pronounciation and in speach! We have so many sounds which are not present in other languages, or even some people can't hear the difference (like ć zna cz or z and ż) :)
Dude, I'm impressed how you're able to pronounce 'ř' 👏Sometimes it's difficult even for Poles who have a very similar consonant "rz". Salutations from Czechia!
The pronounciation of that czech R is how Rz used to sound in old polish, and for me as a pole it's very easy to say, but it may be hard for people who have a problem with saying the rolling R.
Your Czech consonant is completely different from the Polish one. Check the IPA.
@@LingwistycznyPunktWidzenia No its not, Polish Rz is meant to be pronounced the same as Czech ř however the pronunciation has blended in with ż in standard Polish, however Rz is pronounced properly in some parts of Poland, mainly Silesia.
@@Badookum Check the IPA. RZ and Ż have the same pronunciation currently and neither of them is meant to be pronounced like the Czech sound. I'm Polish and a phonologist, so I know how to pronounce my own language. Take care of your own.
Awesome work, well-researched and produced and just the right amount of info to not completely drive people insane. I imagine even 5 minutes of exposure to the Slavic language can be maddening haha.
7:33 in some regions of Poland, especially in Cieszyn region, people make different pronunciation between: ż nad rz, h and ch, ó and u. ;-) It's strange for other people in Poland and is hard to hear the slight difference in these cases: outside the Cieszyn region nobody can pronounce in different way ż/rz, ch/h and ó/u 😀 but this cieszynian way is the oldest way of pronounce these consonants and vowel.
Poles who have learned Czech, say they finally understand the difference between Ż and RZ 😁
in old-Polish it was used the same like in Czech
Polish also has other pairs that sound identically (and we could easily get rid of): h/ch and ó/u. We could simply choose one of them and simplify things. With ż/rz pair there are a few exclusions, for example, English word "frozen" we write: "zamarznięty" spelling zamar-znięty separately. Also Tarzan. Those 2 words (one of them is not even Polish) make so much mess :), but hey Polish is not the weirdest language there, although the slang word for "penis" we can write chuj, huj, hój, huj, chui, hui, hói, chói and it reads virtually the same. Hooj, hooy, chooj, chooy... etc is also acceptable but if you are millennial or younger.
@@GrabcuGrabcu the Polish word zamarznąć is equivalent to the Czech zmrznout. There is also no ř.
The Polish ó is the equivalent of the Czech ů, a remnant of the Slavic uo.
sůl, bez soli. sól, bez soli.
@@tomasroll5089 I see how knowing other Slavic helps writing in one's own language. Now with that said, Why do we communicate in English? Weird times... :P
@@GrabcuGrabcu nie wiem, ja tylko kontynuowałem.
Great video, the best I have seen on this topic.
2:36 That sound of reproach and despair at the end of the counting got me rolling on the floor 😂😂
😀
What an adorable video!
Thanks for watching!
I think both spellings have merits. You can actually see them combined in the Belarusian Łacinka, which uses v rather than w; letters with carons for š, č, ž, but it uses the Polish ł letter for its hard "l", and a regular "l" for the soft l; it also uses acutes for the soft consonants like Polish when they are not followed by a vowel: ń, ś, ć, ź etc; but also like Polish it uses an "i" to soften them before other vowels, so you get stuff like nie, sio, cie, zia all the time. Indeed, a nice combo of the two spellings, pretty easy to read for a Pole too (but guess that's just because Belarusian is closer to Polish than many give it credit for)
i love watching videos explaining the language i use every day
As a bosnian speaker I've always had a sense of both familiarity but also "differentness" with polish and czech. We share some letters with czech like š and č but the phonology itself is so different. How they pronounce their h and those r's seem really hard to pronounce. Watching this made me think these languages are more similar to russian than I thought
Your polish pronunciation is very good.
Replying your question: as a polish speaker I can read other Slavic languages easily - I understand 90% Czech, Slovak, Croatian etc. Understanding spoken language is more difficult due to difference in pronunciation and accent. Languages written in Cyrillic are more difficult to read - most of people don't know the Cyrillic script, but when you learn it becomes easy. For example, Ukrainian is quite easy to understand spoken, but difficult in reading if you don't know the Cyrillic.
Damn, your pronouciation is on point :D As a fun fact i can tell that Polish "rz" and "ż" sound exacly the same in modern language, so many people have problem which one to use in writting, but there are some methods to find out, for example if the word in different form (in inflection or cognate) has "r" instead of "zh" sound you know it's "rz" and not "ż", what is interesting it extend to other Slavic languages, so if the Polish word with "zh" sound has "r" instead of "zh" sound in other Slavic language it's also "rz" and not "ż", for example Polish word "rzeka" and Croatian "rijeka", this shows how closely related Slavic languages are and how easy it is to point exact sound changes that occured in those languages and how they evolved in relation to each other.
As a Czech speaker I wouldn’t say that both letters are pronounced as “ż” nowadays. At least I can hear the difference between “rzeka” and “żeka”.
Čeština je hodně odlišná od ostatních Slovanských jazyků, je narozdíl od nich poměrně dost "tvrdá", to znamená. že tak často nepoužíváme ty měkké souhlásky, jako třeba Ruština, nebo Slovenština. Myslím, že tím, že jsme v podstatě nejzápadnější Slovanskou zemí, se na nás germánské, keltské atd. jazyky podepsali mnohem více než na naše bráty! BTW This is a really good video, you remind me with your pronunciation of my Ukrainian friends, who are learning Czech rn.
Wish you succes on youtube!
Very nice video :D Keep the good work!
Thanks!
There is only one thing you did not mention about Polish pronunciation. Ą and Ę are often simplified in pronunciation to a and e. They occur in three variants in pronunciation: As full nasal, half nasal and non-nasal. "Ę" in a reflexive "się" is e.g. non-nasal - it sound like regular "e", or maybe it's just a bit longer sound. Passion, "męka" is half nasal, so it's a bit like "me(nj)ka", and goose, "gęś" is full nasal, which is considered the "classic" sound of "ę", the one that you've pronounced. If you pronounce "ę" in a full nasal way when you're not supposed to, it's perfectly understandable, but it sounds like you're pretending to be very distinguished and sophisticated, but it sounds very artificial.
ą is nasal o not a
@@aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaghasvdghvsjh Oh absolutely, that's right. Thanks for the comment!
@@aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaghasvdghvsjh And I made it a habit to write it as ǫ when handwriting
""Ę" in a reflexive "się" is e.g. non-nasal - it sound like regular "e", or maybe it's just a bit longer sound."
Oh, my, this is not "Polish", but either regional, with pretence to national, or some mannerism, which I'm not going to search the reason for.
Pronouncing "ę" in a full nasal it's not only perfectly understandable, ommiting it sounds like you're mot very distinguished and sophisticated... Sie ma.
As a Pole, I think the main reason people generally consider Polish script as unreadble nonsense is our use of the letter 'z' for making diagraphs, while in English 'z' is one of the least appearing letters. For example, when you see 'szcz' it looks like four very similar consonants in a row, but actually there are only two: sh-ch. Even the famous 'Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz' is not that hard to pronounce after decoding it.
However, I much prefer the Czech approach and would like to go with it even further - each diagraph should be replaced with a diacritic (one sign = one sound) and most of the confusion will be avoided.
As a Czech (even i am half German), i don´t have problem to pronounce Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz, just the rz i am still pronouncing as czech Ř. 😉
@@davidpelc As a Pole learning Czech, I must say you are quite right pronouncing Pollish rz as ř. We have Polish counterparts for ž and ř (rz and ż) and for h and ch, but unfortunately we now pronouce everyting more like ž and ch, although the rules are more or less the same as in Czech. It has simply disappeared over the years. Maybe that
is the reason why most Poles find it hard to pronounce Czech ř :)
Actually, because I'm interested in the Czech language, I started to read about the history of Polish phonetics as well, and I'm a fan of returning to the legacy sounds of 'rz', 'h', 'ł' and 'ą'. I started to speak this way 2 months ago, people can understand me fine. And I haven't got a single comment about it yet 😅
I find the legacy 'rz' sound way more logical than just supplementing it for 'ż' or 'sz'. Using it is very satisfactory when you can pronounce 'przepraszam' or 'wrzask'. The word kind of starts to hit differently. Same in case of the 'h' sound as opposed to 'ch' in words like 'hymn' or 'huk'. Czech managed to retain these sounds, unlike Polish, where they're on the verge of extinction (especially 'rz') 😞
I've made my goal to become automatic in that speech, to carry on the former sound of these letters. I dream for more Poles to preserve the beauty and diversity of their language.
don't worry if you pronounce rz as czech ř, in some areas of poland native speakers do too!
@@Moresteck Same thing here :) Being Polish with BA in Czech I am now more aware of these sounds, so when I say "dobrze", I actually pronounce it as "dobře". We used to differentiate these in speech. The "rz" and "ż" or "h" and "ch" are there still for a reason, but people don't care.
Elegancko, wszystko prawidłowo wymawiane!
Your pronunciations of both languages were great, hats off!
There is only one thing I would like to add: Polish language does use the letter "V", but of course in some exceptions only, but it is not true that they do not use it at all.
One of the main Polish TV stations is called Telewizja Polska, but for some reason, it is abbreviated like TVP. You read it like "te-fau-pe".
It's used in loan words only.
I consider it importand to note that sounds such as "ż" and "rz" or "u" and "ó" althou sound the same, they are written differently because they stood for different sounds in old Polish (wich still can be noticed in teir grammar ; 'rz' morphs into 'r', while 'ż' into 'h and 'ó' morphs into 'o', 'e', 'a', while 'u' is fully separate as a sound - at least according to my knowlegde).
I know that it has been menshioned in the film, but I believe they deserve more recognition than "they were used in Old Polish"
Isn't the same case with ch and h in polish? H used to sound like czech H but now it sounds like CH, right?
@@Omnigreen Yes, it is exactly the same case
@@Omnigreen to be more precise:
ch and were separate sounds but today they're read and spoken the same
Ch and H differing depends on region.
I am Lithuanian and I know neither Polish, nor Czech, but modern Lithuanian uses č, š, ž letters which are borowed from Czech, and not many Lithuanians know it. Thus once I took Czech text and was surprised by many diacritics - I thought it would be the same as Lithuanian... Thank you for exclamation, initially I thought consonants with carons are some different sounds, not soft consonants.
Hi, a Pole here. your pronunciation is really good for a foreigner, really educational video, I learned a lot about Czech language. Keep in mind that in "Strzelecki" the "rz" after "t" makes the same sound as "sz", it's one of those things that evolved over time, it's just easier to say
in word "Strzelecki" "Strz" is more like "Szcz"
@@LeoneqProductions
No- you have yo read it as
S-t-rzh- e- l-e- c-k-i.
In Czech " Střelecki".
In Slovak " Strželecki".
Wow actually a great tutorial for teaching Polish (Polish aprooved)
Up through the 1860s Lithuanian was written using the Polish alphabet. But the late 19th century nationalist movement sought more differentiation from their Polish commonwealth partners so Lithuania adopted the Czech alphabet.
I see, interesting.
It is also worth to mention that in some words of foreign, non-polish origin like sinus or cosinis, letter s is hard, not soft.
The same in Czech. Mathematika, pneumatika, elektronika
In these words /s/ is palatalised, so it is soft. Check the IPA.
A really great vid! Absolutely loved it
gg wp
Thank you!
Very interesting video. I must say that it is explained very well. I think it will help someone.
As a German the Czech system seems mor straight forward. I'm rather puzzled by consunat combinations of prz , trz or szcz in Polish.
Very informative
I am glad that you liked it!
In fact in spanish Ñ, the "thing on top" is called "virgulilla", not "tilde". Tilde is for accent like in á é í ó ú.
By the way, great video, I loved learning something new about languages that I really didnt know at all! 😊
According to the RAE, "tilde" in Spanish may refer to both ´ and ~, and "virgulilla" may refer to any accent that looks like a comma, such as ~ and even the cedilla (I just checked it, didn't even know that before). You can also use "acento agudo" or just "acento" for ´, "acento grave" for ` and "acento circunflejo" for ^. I agree that the general usage in Spanish is that tilde refers to ´ and virgulilla refers to ~. However, in English and other languages, tilde means ~.
Handy video man 🖤
As a Czech speaker, reading a Polish text out loud with correct pronunciation is a pretty tall order (gets easier when exposed to Polish for a short while). But that does not mean I cannot partially understand the meaning of the written text. I would even say, that it is easier to understand the meaning from written Polish than spoken Polish, despite not being able to pronounce it.
if you know g -> h, sz -> š etc. it's getting easier
From what I undestand Polish and Czech used to have the very similar spelling back in the medieval age and then diverged over time with czechs replacing w with v and introducing crowns while poles kept diagraphs. Also apparently both were still not that much distinct until 1500s. At least that's how I understand it. If there is anyone having a proper knowledge about the topic that could veryfy what I've wrote and correct me I'd be grateful.
Slavic languages have generally separated separated in Xth and XIth centuries. With two notable exceptions, Serbo-Croatian and Polish-Czech (and Ukrianian and Belarusian, considering they were essentially extremely western Russian dialects and extremely eastern Polish dialects originally) Serbo Croatian remains and Czech got extremely bastardized and mostly lost overtime, due to dominance of German. The new Czech was built mostly on the base of Polish and Russian, which has completely separated it from Polish. If not for this event it would probably be analogous to Serbo-Croatian where the governments of respective countries swear these are different languages but nobody cares
@@dehydrateddarkness3565 I wouldn’t say that the modern Czech language was built on the basis of Polish or Russian at all. It was built on dialect forms of Czech all over the Czech lands.
1:18: Dutch spelling is exactly the same in the Netherlands and in Belgium. So the 'sh'-sound in indigenous Dutch words is spelled 'sj' in northern Belgium as well. ('Sch-' is the German and Luxemburgish spelling for the 'sh-sound'.)
Good work with polish pronunciation, it is almost entirely perfect.
Great video! Hope to see videos about other slavic languages spelling, especially Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian. As a Ukrainian I can say that every slav after a short amount of learning can read other slavic languages, also I wish that someday ther would be a latin Ukrainian alphabet too.
I'm Czech, so I can't really judge which alphabeth is easier, I might be a bit biased in this respect 😉 All I can say is that while it is kind of easy for me to understand spoken Polish, at least in direct communication (I'm not saying you would understand political debates on the radio without putting some effort into learning Polish), I still struggle with the written Polish. Always confuses me! 😅
And I'm saying this being aware of the fact that I'm usually better at the written forms of languages than spoken. I.e. I have better understanding of written Spanish, French or even English (languages that I speak on different levels) in comparison with understanding of the spoken word, either in direct contact or on the radio, for instance.
I think it might say a thing or two about the written Polish 😉
Because you don't know rules of reading in Polish, they're rather simple, it takes you some minutes to learn them.
Sz CZ in Polish should be easy as they are so similar to SH and CH in English.
Moc pěkné video :)
I am czech and I must say, your czech sounds and pronounciation are EXCELLENT
Thank you!
And just for your amusement, there is a Latin script for Belarusian languages that combines features of both Czech and Polish Latin script.
It uses the Polish system for softening like "bia", "bio", "mio", "Ł ł" for hard "l" (shift of Polish pronunciation from hard "l" to [w] is young (linguistically) phenomenon started in XIX century) and "L l" for soft "l" as well as "ć ś ź ń", however "č š ž" like Czech. As well it uses "v" for "v", the "h" represents [ɣ] a less glottal sound that Czech and Ukrainian have. And it has a unique "ŭ" for [w] sound.
Here is an example (UDHR 1) of Belarusian Latin script: Usie ludzi naradžajucca svabodnymi i roŭnymi ŭ svajoj hodnaści i pravach. Jany nadzieleny rozumam i sumleńniem i pavinny stavicca adzin da adnaho ŭ duchu bractva.
And correspond Cyrillic script version: Усе людзi нараджаюцца свабоднымi i роўнымi ў сваёй годнасцi i правах. Яны надзелены розумам i сумленнем i павiнны ставiцца адзiн да аднаго ў духу брацтва.
I have a video on my channel about Belarusian Latin script, unfortunately, it is in the Belarusian language only (but I might think about adding English subtitles given the demand).
To provide more context:
1. Belarusian despite its official status in the Republic of Belarus as an endangered language, Wikipedia list places it as vulnerable, however, the Belarusian language situation kind of orthogonal to the typical situation of endangered languages and situation referential for severely endangered level ("language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves") is very quite spread. We don't have any numbers, as for different reasons this is not investigated by both sides of the battle, however, my educated guess would be that around 80 percent of the population in Belarus goes into the severely endangered category (especially in a high-density urban area like Miensk or Homel), another 15 percent goes to the definitely endangered category, and the rest 5% which are in a diffuse state between vulnerable and safe. The situation with the later 5% is the most uncanonical to the original UNESCO scale. As an example you can take me: I was born in the time of the Soviet Union, my parents were intelligentsia (natural science type, because the other (humanitarian) has their specialty in Belarus), hence they speak well-educated Russian and no Belarusian. so I was grown up in Russian language and my first full exposure to Belarusian was in the first year of school (need to say that most of the schools (except very short period after acclaiming independency) are Russian speaking (i.e. only limited subjects like Belarusian language, literature, and history (in my time now is not) taught in Belarusian rest of the subjects Russian)). And at that period I don't like Belarusian (as something external placed on me). However, in my later period since teenagehood, I was lucky to be exposed to the conscious Belarusian full-speaker community. After this, I fully awaken to my Belarusian identity and sufficiently increase my level of proficiency and usage of Belarusian. So now within the community of people connected with Belarus, I use solely Belarusian in writing, however, I personally cannot stay long within Belarusian in oral conversation if another communication partner speaks Russian (but I know a lot enough people, who can stay within Belarusian in such situation). At home, unfortunately, I speak mostly Russian, despite my wife's situation is similar to mine and she also would like to use Belarusian more. We exposed our children to the Belarusian language (progress compared to my childhood), however, they use predominantly Russian in communication with us, and given that we are living abroad, their future within the Belarusian language is unpredictable.
2. The reason behind this is the 2 century-long policy of sometimes active sometimes passive russification of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and pro-Soviet pro-Russian Lukašenka's regime. In the most recent events since the Belarusian Revolution of 2020, the huge ratio of the population previously passive and indifferent now starts to identify themselves actively as Belarusians, and many of them (but not all) start to use Belarusian more and consciously. But now the regime violently suppresses the Belarusian language as a backlash to the revolution (we have two documented cases of arrest of people caused by public use of Belarusian, and many other not so documented cases of discrimination because of language; all book publishers oriented to the Belarusian language are closed, book shops for Belarusian closed other shops raided), need to say that the regime was never sympathetic to Belarusian and only a calm neutral in the period between 2014 (Crimea) and 2020 (Revolution). (Side note: so please never use the regime's flag (red, green with white ornament) to visualize the Belarusian language it is effectively an insult) However, now these people who actively embraced Belarusian identity and language try found other ways to increase the usage of Belarusian. We have good growth in Belarusian content on youtube, TikTok, and Twitter, especially produced by people who were forced to live abroad after 2020. So Belarusian language state is 2 centuries long political oppression with the active attempt of revitalization from the community.
3. Belarusian Latin script is a phenomenon with its own history of more than 5 centuries and is one of 3 historical ways of writing the Belarusian language (the other two are Cyrillic and ... surprise Arabic). It was always present all the time, and only in short periods was a dominant script, however, it played a humongous role in the resurrection of Belarusian in its modern incarnation in the XIX century. It goes through its evolution being based on Polish script (but distinct from the beginning like the usage of "h" and "a") and step by step embraced new features like unique "ŭ" (which is the origin of its Cyrillic "ў" counterpart, what is also unique in Cyrillic between Slavic languages) or reform "cz" to "č" following Czech. And now becomes a unique combination on its own. It reaches the classical state in the 20ies and 30ies of the XX century. It even has some official use inside Belarus, e.g. it becomes the official ISO standard for the romanization of geographical names and is sometimes written under Cyrillic on public signs (however in the current backlash period there were attacks on them, so existence under the regime is questionable). This ISO Latin script is almost a classical Belarusian Latin script only with modification for the "L" letter. There are other ideas in the Belarusian community to reform the script in the paradigm of Jan Hus, like ideas of substitute digraph "dz" -> "ʒ" and "dž" -> "ǯ". So it is a very vivid phenomenon inside the community.
Чесно кажучи завжди заздрив вашому стандарту латинки, він ідеальний, і чудово б підійшов до української теж, але на жаль поки що замість нього ми використовуємо стандарт заснований на англійській, я мрію щоб в майбутньому українська мова широко використовувала адекватну латинку і ввела її паралельно до кирилиці або навіть замінило б її якщо б суспільство доросло до такого кроку. Надіюсь що й білоруська мова теж з часом почне оживати.
@@Omnigreen Дзякуй за пажаданні. Адносна таго ці падышла б беларуская лацінская да украінскай мовы -- пытанне вельмі адкрытае, у нашых моў хоць і блізкая фаналогія але ж адрозная. Напрыклад не зусім ясна як перадаваць украінскае "и", бо яно не зусім беларускае "ы", яшчэ болей пытанняў да "щ". Правапіс іншым алфавітам гэта вельмі цікавая, але і непростая тэма.
@@alaksiejstankievicx Ja b vykorystovuvav Y ta Ŝ\ŠČ vidpovidno, prote ta, vašu fonetyku lehše pidihnaty pid latynku, napryklad vam lehše z zakinčenniamy dijesliv tak jak vy vykorystuvajete CIA a my T'SIA v kinci, ta j u vas nemaje problem z Ґ, čerez jaku nam napryklad prychodyt'sia vybyraty abo miž ГҐХ = GǦH abo HGX(ch). Žyvie Belaruś!
I am Czech and Polish is much easier for me to understand in a spoken form than in a written form.
I am Ukrainian and also find Polish easier to understand in its spoken form. It took me more effort to get used to written Polish.
Wy Czesi wszystko macie poprzekręcane,chytra divka - mądra dziewczyna🤦🤦🤦🤦🤦albo wiewiorka- drevnij kocur😅😅😅😅
As for understanding other slavic languages, it depends on the language. I learned how to read Polish some time ago because even though I could understand about 70% of the spoken language, the written language was much harder. Now I read Polish out loud to myself to make sense of it. For example the sound of ą is quite similar to Czech "ou" but the letter a can be confusing to Czechs.
As a Czech I usually understand 100% of Slovak because I was exposed to it and so I learned the necessary vocabulary. If course there are sometimes one or two words that I don't know if the topic is unfamiliar.
Slovene is more difficult to understand mainly because I haven't learned the necessary vocabulary. But sounds are easily identifiable.
Ponieważ uczysz się polskiego, pozwól że zwrócę sie do Ciebie po polsku. Intryguje mnie fakt że dźwięk "cz" w oficjalnej nazwie waszego kraju " Czech Rep." bądź "Czechia" nie zapisujecie zgodnie z waszym zapisem czyli używając "č", a analogicznie do zapisu w języku polskim, czyli "cz". Czy wiesz może jaka jest geneza takiego zapisu?
If I'm not mistaken it's 'ą' because historically it was actually a nasal 'a' rather than 'o'. Strangely enough a very similar thing happened to French with 'an'.
@@maciejkwiatkowski7558 Důvodem je stará verze (spřežkového) pravopisu, kterým se čeština zapisovala. Ten má podobné kořeny jako ten polský, a byl +- v určité formě používán až do pozdního 16. století.
Tedy: cz = č; sz = š; rz = ř; w = v; etc...
Zajímavé je například užití g == j, a j == í. Psaní "w" namísto "v" přetrvalo až do konce první poloviny 19. století.
"Toto ge gednoduché, owszem neautentické, znázorněnj toho, gak mohl takowý zápis czesztiny wypadat. Chybj zde owszem "dlouhé s," gako naprzjklad w: "Králowstwj Czeſkého."
I po zavedení "háčků" a "čárek" byly spřežky používány ve slovech jako "Králowstwj Cžeſkého."
Snad odpověď pomohla, a doufám že nevadí odpověd v češtině. Přeji hezký den :)
O ile ja się orientuję, wynika to z reformy języka czeskiego. Ale nie jestem pewien. Pozdrawiam
@@fekalistagrzybowory7619 Dzięki za informacje! Pozdrawiam
Thank you for this I will send this to my friends from abroad so they'll finally be able to understand the pronunciation of slavic words (I have tried explaining it before but I got a bit too technical and they got nothing from it)
Good job. Your pronuniciation is good, I have to admit, I was quite surprised xD.
My native language is serbo-croatian and for me written czech is way easier to understand than polish.
Wow, your pronounciation of Polish words is perfect. As a Polish native speaker myself I wouldn't say it better. 👍🏻
As for your question: I can understand Czech quite well, but Slovak is a way more similar to Polish. When Slovak person is speaking, sometimes I feel like they were speaking Polish, but a bit "weirder" (no offense, I don't mean it in negative way, I personally love how Slovak language sounds❤). Ukrainian is not very understandable for me, Russian is a bit more easier. But I learned Russian in school, so maybe this is the reason.
That pronaunciation was really good
I from poland and it was very funny video but you can clearly talking in polish. Great work!
As a Ukrainian it took me 20 minutes to learn how to read in Polish. However it took me another two months to master the nasal vowels. Somehow the Czech language is harder for me and I still mispronounce a lot of words, especially that r+zh sound, I can’t pronounce the rolled r, my r sounds like the French one
It's mostly because Czech is very coarse sounding compared to most of other Slavic languages. Take for example Slovak, which is 90% similar to Czech, but at first glance sounds entirely different. Many even find it way easier to learn because it does not have such "contraptions" like Ř and if you learn it, you can easily use it in Czechia with basically zero possibility of misunderstanding, much unlike Polish which has what some people call "false friend words" that sound similar, but have entirely different meaning, therefore if one speaks to Czechs in Polish, it may cause Czechs just to stare in disbelief about what the Polish speaking guy just said and vice versa.
Doesn't Ukrainian have rolled r too?
Because I get that Ř is a complete bullshittery, that even some native Czech people don't know how to pronounce for their whole life, but rolled R isn't that much of a hardcore consonant.
Usually, when kids have trouble with that one, they don't have much trouble saying it in the word "prdel" (means ass) (because pronouncing p pushes your tongue more to the front).
@@emapelikanova478 Ukrainian does have rolled r, moreover it has a softened rolled r. I can pronounce neither of those sounds so I pronounce "r"s like the French. This feature is very apparent in my speech and I was often picked on in school because of this.
@@user-ux6ix6wj3j but that's not a problem with Czech language 😅
there is no r+zh sound like that in the Czech Republic!!!
I am impressed how well you render most of the Polish sounds.
Do you have any Polish speaking background?
Thanks! I am fluent in Polish but it's not my native language.
@@AuthLing Why did you choose to be fluent in Polish - arguably one of the most difficult languages?
I had many colleagues from Poland, so I decided to communicate in their language. Polish is not difficult for me since Ukrainian is one of my native languages.
@@AuthLing ah, makes sense. Thanks for sharing.
awesome video, I liked it a lot.
If someone was puzzled by the same pronunciation of the Czech i and y.
Soft i is pronounced the same as hard y, but you spread the corners of your mouth wide, as in a big smile. :)
Great video!
I always use Czech and Polish (even though I didn’t properly understand its orthographical rules until I watched this video) to check, pun intended, fonts. I think it’s the most typographically different language I’ll need to use any given font for, so it’s a great way to see if a font works well with diacritics and has the necessary polish, pun again intended.
Fun fact in: to Polish person czech language is sounding cute
You mean funny ? I know plenty of jokes about how to say different words in czech, like for example the word(s) for squirrel is "dřevný kocour" 😊
@@bgggsht We Czechs also find it funny. But the opposite way around 😂 something like
Drzevo kocúr
I’ll definitely go with Czech, simpler and more “Latin”…. Different way to write it but the sounds resemble closely my lovely italian
I also like the Czech alphabet more and I absolutely adore Italian, this is my favorite language among the ones I speak.
What is your mother tongue?
More Latin? The original Latin alphabet uses far less graphemes than modern Czech. 23 letters in classical Latin vs 32 letter in Polish script vs 42 letters in the Czech script. Which is more Latin then?
In Polish you would have the advantage that the accent is on the penultimate syllable, like in Italian. In Czech it is always on the first syllable.
@@tomasroll5089 In Italian, the stress is on the last sylable, not penultimate so prosody is different for all of the three languages.
Yes, Czech sounds more western than Slavic
Thanks to take good pronunciation of my polish and my neighboord alphabet. BTW my surname (in the name of account) could have Czech ancestors as my grandpa was born in South Silesia close to Małopolska Region (and JPII's home-town)
WERY good czech spelling GOOD JOB!
While there are many people who express their opinion that the Czech system is more logical, and I am inclined to agree, there are certain technical advantages to using digraphs.
1. In the age of early printing, you needed fewer fonts with special characters. Perhaps this way the renaissance printers could use more of the readily available letters from German producers, instead of having to rely as heavily on local manufacturing. This is the era of some of the oldest Polish non-religious writers, like Rej or Kochanowski, and I imagine that the printers might have had some input into the standardization of spelling.
2. In more modern times, there are places, especially outside Poland, that either convert letters with diacritics into their basic form, or outright refuse to display them properly. A name written in a more digraph-heavy orthography is more likely to either survive such processes intact, or at least in a more recognizable form.
Given that this is maybe a slight barrier of entry, but does not pose much difficulty to everyday Polish people (the actual problem is that there can be multiple ways to spell the same sound, but that's not a problem unique to Polish, and it's not because of digraphs), I suppose that Polish people never really desired to reform their orthography to such an extreme degree.
Well said!
Yap! And I completely don'tunderstand the fact that people freak out seeing sz, meanwhile pronouncing sh as a very similar sound is natural for many of them.
Very interesting, I think I like Czech better - very logical!
I also like Czech spelling because it is more coherent in conveying soft consonants and I find diacritics much easier to read than digraphs.
Slavic soft consonants are phonemic, i.e. they are independent sounds in a language, so they deserve a universal spelling that doesn't depend on their position in the word.
@Jan Krynicky This is a problem that looks real on paper, but can't be observed in the real world (amongst native speakers at least. Though I have never heard foreigners make this kind of mistake).
@@amjan in CZ we have different keyboards so you don't have to, we have all the šřžč etc in the number section above the normal ones :)
@@amjan You have to understand that there is a Czech keyboard. That's why I never press alt in Czech. I just press shift.
@Jan Krynicky Plenty of...?
Diakritika v polštině: ą, ę, ł, ż, ź, ć, ń, ó,
Diakritika v češtině: é, ý, í, ú, í, ó, á, ě, ř, ť, ů, š, ď, ž, č, ň.
Používání české klávesnice je velmi těžké.
im from Chech and i think you did a greate job in dis video.
Czechia*
Very interesting!
I am glad that you liked it!
I'm from poland. I've heard some other slavic languages and lately I've started learning russian. The main dificulty of understanding other languages in written form are different letters but once you know what they mean it's easy to pronounce them, they're very similar and phonetically consistent. Also many words are the same so all things considered I think learning another slavic language is easier than people think
Русский язык jest łatwy,kolego. Mi największy problem sprawiają znaki twardy ъ i miękki ь w pisowni
I tu sie zgodze. Czasem ciężko usłyszeć różnice ale z czasem idzie sie nauczyć
As a Slovak, Czech is really easy to understand for me. Although I have trouble pronouncing the ř sound and I'm still sometimes confused on why the hell do they use ů letter while still having the ú letter. Polish is a little harder for me to understand but I can understand like a fifth of it. The hardest thing I find in Polish is hearing the difference between hard and soft sh, ch, dzh etc. because those consonants are already considered soft variants of the s, c and dz sounds. Not to mention that s, c and dz are soft consonants themselves. The Balkan Slavic is not understandable for me that much but readable and so is cyricil. I leant to read it but I can't fully understand it.
In opposition to that, me being a Pole, I have almost no problem understanding Slovak. That could be due to the fact I grew up only 3km from Czech and 30km from Slovakian border. Or maybe even more because Slovakian is pretty much a lingua franca of all Slavic lingos. Slovakian speech is most understandable to all other Slavic nations. I remember reading it somewhere, Merunka admitted międzysłowiański/medžuslovjansky/меджусловјанскы (Interslavic) is based strongly on Slovakian.
Because the ů is a remnant of the Old Czech/Old Slavic uo, it is not a long ú. It is written where the Poles write ó and the Slovaks write ô
slovak: stôl
polish: stół
czech: stůl
@@pgruszewski Very interesting. Just a little correction. The word "Slovakian" doesn't exist. The correct form is "Slovak"
The problem with your understanding is... "sz" "cz", "dz" etc. are very HARD.
They're DENTAL, but not soft!
That's just something usunual for non-Polish speakers, because - for each language I know - all dental and coronal consonants are something between hard and soft, but in Polish there is huge difference, but you have to "practice your ear".
These "with z" are extremely hard, with using frontal part of your speech organs, these "with acute" - using your palate.
Thank you! I am German who's speaking a bit Russian and Czech.
Your video made it easier for me to read Polish. ⚒
Bitte sehr! Ich spreche auch Deutsch und ich möchte ein Video über diese wunderbare Sprache machen.
A very easy to follow explanation of how to read Latin-based Slavic languages. As a native Russian speaker, none of this was new to me, but it's nice to understand what the system actually is. Btw, a side note: hushing sounds are properly called fricatives in linguistics, similarly "soft" consonants are actually called palatalized, as they're pronounced with the tip of the tongue pressing up against the upper palate in one's mouth.
Nice video. Currently learn Polish and was surprised by their what seems arbitrary use of digraphs and diacritics. I hope there are rules for that because memorising words is just hard.
Polish spelling is consistent: you can always understand how to read a word if you follow the rules. One more good news is that the stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
But guessing the spelling from the pronunciation can be hard. "Ząb" and "zomb" sound the same, as well as kurz, kuż and kusz.
Yes, when you learn how to pronounce every sound, reading is easy. But I think there is few words with the same root that could potentially throw off a learner because I had a bit of problems as a child myself: it's the words "marznąć" "zamarzać" (which mean "getting cold" and "freezing" respectively). Despite r and z being written together you won't read them as "zh" but as separate sounds. I tried to find if there exist some rule to it but it looks like that's not the case. Doesn't help that apparently "zamarzać" has also a different meaning (something along "dying from hunger" but I'm not sure, it's a rarely used word nowadays) and THEN you read the 'rz' as 'zh'.
In conclusion, the only clue to it is that any word connected to freezing and being cold in Polish should be pronounced with separate r and z. Otherwise it's likely the digraph sound. Someone can correct me if I'm wrong of course.
Honestly. After you memorise few hundred words you don't need rules any more. But I am polish.
@@annafirnen4815 To understand why zamarzać is pronounced with rz as rz, not ʐ, you need to see that the rz in that word is a simple consonant clustering resulting from vowel clipping, not a digraph. The root word here is mróz (frost) and you can see there that r and z are separate sounds. The vowel ó becomes 'liquid' when flexed, so it kinda-sorta shifts position and instead of 'mroznąć' you get 'mar-znąć'. West Slavic, in contrast to East Slavic languages are prone to vowel-clipping and quite often you'll see consonant clusters. When it comes to rz, Polish phonology took the matter further and the West Slavic sound for palatalized r which initially was pronounced as r and z at the same time (synchronically, the way that Czechs pronounce their ř), with time merged with ʐ... the sound for retroflexed z. This actually simplified Polish phonology, which has two sets of 'pallatalized' sibilants: retroflexed (sz, cz, ż/rz, dż) and alveolo-palatal (ś/si, ć/ci, ź/zi and dź/dzi). With only a few exceptions, the spelling rules are simple: retroflexion is graphically represented by digraphs using z as the second consonant - the expection being ż, where retroflexion is denoted by a dot above; the reason being that Polish has a lot of words with geminated z or z and retroflexed ż clustered (zza, zziajany, zżynać, zżyty), so there would be just too much confusion. Alveolo-palatal sibilants are represented by acute accent marks above or iotated. Yes, in theory we could adapt the Czech pravopis (again) and use haček instead of z. Will that make it more phonetic? Not really. Compared to English or French spelling, Polish orthography has an extremely high degree of phonological consistency.
@Jan Krynicky Tell it to Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Germans, French, English... basically the majority of languages using the Latin script.
I think that you missed the Polish "dź" die-die. Sample word "dźgnąć".
Answering your question - I read ingredient labels, signs and information tags in other Slavic languages without dificulties.
Thanks for your comment! It's a useful skill to be able to read labels and signs.
Right, dź is another die-die 😉 I mentioned dź on 8:10 where I was covering the soft consonants.
@@AuthLing Ah right, so it's me who missed it xD
@@sonnilonsonnilon No worries! :)
Also one trigraph: "dzi". And there is a difference in pronunciation between digraph "dż" ("dżem") and connection d-rz ("drzewo").
Cyrillic is the best for southern and eatern slavic languages. Latin Polish-style is the best for Polish but Czech-style is the best for Czech and Slovak. I speak Polish, Czech, and Russian on a daily basis but also know Belarussian and understand Ukrainian. Croatian and Serbian are another interesting couple to explore since they separated rather recently and use Latin and Cyrillic. Actually, it is a very good example that shows that scrypting system is only instrumental. You can use even the Arabic scrypt for Slavic languages.
as a czech person I foud this video quite helpful, now i can finally read polish menu and be understod well enough