Bronze Age Sicily - Populations, Cultures & Societies
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- čas přidán 9. 04. 2022
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The Bronze Age in Sicily, considered one of the most important periods of the island's prehistory, witnessed the establishment of a unitary and in some ways artistically vibrant culture. The three main phases of the period take their name from the most important centres at the time in question: Castelluccio (Early Bronze Age), Thapsos (Middle Bronze Age) and Pantalica (Late Bronze Age). There was a marked increase in cultural and commercial trade between regions near and far, particularly with Cornwall, across the Atlantic coasts of France, Spain, Sardinia, the Tyrrhenian coast to the Strait of Messina, and from here to the Aegean-Anatolian area. It was a world, therefore, in great turmoil, that felt the need to interconnect to achieve a better future.
Around the end of the 3rd millennium BCE, Europe was involved in a series of technological and social events which developed in metallurgy and in the birth of hierarchical societies. The usage of bronze (2300-1750 BCE), a resistant metal alloy which is easily malleable, permitted the manufacture of a wide range of metal tools such as razors, axes, and blades, that provided for improved living standards of tribes (consisting of 20-30 people) which, in turn, contributed to population growth. These bronze items brought the dawn of mobile and unalterable wealth. Examination of the organization of the tomb areas found in the European necropoles of this era shows that societies began to evolve different classes within them. For instance, singular tombs were used for eminent figures whilst small groups of monumental tombs were employed as the eternal home of important families.
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My heart goes out to Nick and his family. I hope he'll make a good recovery.
Looking forward to this since I have some Sicilian ancestry.
I’ve been praying for you every morning, Nick, along with thousands of others. We love you, your wonderful history channel and keep praying for your full recovery.
You should do more of those Mediterranean islands if you get a chance,thanks
Finnish writer Mika Waltari has written a nice historical novel, "The Etruscan", which is also set in Sicily and features the struggle between native Sicilian Sicani tribes and Greek colonialists.
@Ευτοπία Iumaser I don't know where you get your sources, but they are wrong. Turin, originally 'Taurasia' was founded by the Taurisci who were a Gallo-Ligurian tribe. Furthermore, the Etruscans, or rather the Rasenna people, are native to Italy. Nothing to do with the Hellenes, even if they were culturally influenced by them.
@Ευτοπία Iumaser I think sicilian sicani are native .
@Ευτοπία Iumaser Never judge a book by its cover.
@@iumaser3219we are native Sicilians!!
Ancient Greek
Ancient italic
Ancien Lebanon
From near roma
Personal DNA
From Catania if that helps
My family too come from Rome so we also have ancient Turkish blood
@@iumaser3219and our gods AND ANCIENT GREEK GOD COME FROM ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
Congratulations, Nick on your return home!!! I know your daughters must be so glad to have their dad back with them.
this is sooo darn fascinating, seriously thank you for making these videos... its worth taking time to wonder how people lived and survived so long ago, makes me more appreciative and patient in this modern life
Many of the pottery vessels resemble those found on Crete, in style and decoration.
100% I’m Sicilian we are proud of our history
Really great video, hope Nick is doing alright!
I'm so excited I have to take a deep breath before watching this... Thank you for your content!
Thank you for the amazing content !
I would really appreciate more on this Atlantic bronze age trade. From the boat designs, the merchants, the outposts,the organized mining and smelting facilities of Cornwall and Brittany..
Yes fascinating to see the connections flowing from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, from Scotland and Ireland to Portugal and southwestern Spain
The thing is....we don't know....they probably found a stone and a ship Plank
Please make a documentary on Malta and Sardinia and Gozo
What a pleasure this video is! Excellent videography, leisurely, but not somnolent pace, vastly informative, well spoken. I will return to this again and again. Thank you so much! You've broadened my horizons.
Excellent!
Thank u for this as a native Sicilian mixed with others this is important ❤
Merci !
I was hoping this would have covered more information regarding the Sicani? Siculi? settlement at Colle Madore in Lercara Friddi, Palermo province. It’s part of my ancestral history.
They are not both from there!
I’m aboriginal Sicilian too from the east!!
U could be both tho.
Same here
I have Paternal haplogroup G-y65 or g-z1903 so I probably had ancestors here during Bronze Age
My family background is sicilian. My grandparents came from Saccia
That's so cool. Mine came from Sciacca - I think this must be the same place? I have relatives who married Sclafanis as well. That goes back centuries from what research I've done so far
@@sagapoetic8990 we are very populated throughout Italy.,
I never been to sciacca but while I served in the navy visited Syracuse, Messina.
@@sagapoetic8990 I got top information when I worked in Italian embassy in newyork. The Italian military police ,(sorry can't spell the name) were able to do research on my name. By the way I worked with them. Cagliari??
cool.
Some strong Sea Peoples vibes coming from this little island 🤣🤣
My Mom's family is from Sicily
no snippet of the dude in hospital? u good now? nice! wb!
Les demi frère de mon père son des sicilien ❤
👍
Connection to Ghassulians T & E haplogroups
I would say Sicilians, Greeks and Turks look pretty similar. Caught between Turkey and Greece, poor old Sicily must have seen a few invasions. Probably why they ran to the hills.
A few invasions is an understatement! I'm not sure how many in total but I think it was just about everyone at some point heh
This is a pretty much stereotypical idea of what Sicilians look like (as depicted in many shoddy mafia movies). Everyone who is Sicilian or has lived in Sicily knows that Sicilians actually are a mixture of several ethnicities, not only mediterrranean peoples such as Greeks, Arabs and Phoenicians, but also, and substantially, nordic peoples such as Normans, French and Celtics. That's why you will find lots of individuals with light skin and light (blue or green) eyes. Even blonde hair is surprisingly common, more than in many other parts of Italy.
@@santofrancescoegidiograsso8049 True, some of my family have brown skin, some are light. Mixture of brown, green are gray/blue eyes. Grandfather born near Villafranca.
Othomans Turks they never put their feet in Sicily.
@@enricomanno8434 The Saracens and Elymians may have been dissented from the Turkish/Anatolia area....Thats why plenty of Sicilians from the West have those Genetic markers
you used a modified map for this explanation ... fix your work.
The narrator voice is very momotone and heavily mispronounced all the Sicilian town names.
The map at 1.20 (1 mi ut 20 sec) showed that the travel road stops in Israel.
This is wrong.
Anyone with minimum knowledge of history knows that it was the Phoenicians (especially Tyre, today's Lebanon) is the true source and final destination).
Must you force Israel in everything? Why?
I have watched so many of your videos and almost every time the information you share in your videos are unbelievably inaccurate. Phoenicians put Sicily on the map and made it what it is in the early Bronze Age, Greeks and Romans in almost all events followed in the footsteps of the Phoenicians and ended up with all credits, very disappointing
Phoenicians were good traders. Sicily was already know...
Nothing personal, I am unsubscribing from all of my youtube subs (172 at last count) because of youtube's ridiculous, constant, changes! The latest idiocy is SHORTS.
I wish people (mostly Americans) would stop saying "Sicilians are Arabs" because it's not true. Mediterranean people look similar, some more or less than other but they are not all the same
totally agree.....its a woke narrative
Interesting. I've never encountered anyone who said that Sicilians are Arabs. Curious.
@@grovermartin6874 I did
As a sicilian, I can distinguish an arab from a sicilian...
@@Sannypowa Weird. Some prople don't get out much. And have poor pattern recognition.
The sicani were Illyrians sica means little sword or sword
The sicarii were a group of jewish zealots, assassins and rebels against the Romans in the 1st century.
They were named after their preferred weapon the sica, but only the name of the weapon itself was likely of Illyrian origin.
I read of the Illyrian connection and as well as an Iberian enthnogensis.
@@reinercelsus8299 oh i did not know that i qas talking about some other people. Cool in albanian we say thika which is pronounced Theeca like sica
Every historian and archeologist do not know the original occupants.
Maybe it was part of Atlantis.
The Greeks Existed only in The 1st Millenium ... These Colonies Existed long before The Greeks ... They Were Canaanites " Phoenicians " ...
These Are not The Europeans ... They Were The " Canaanite " Phoenician Colonizers ... That's Why They had The Same Culture , Products etc ...
The pronunciation of the towns and villages is awful.
Those "DARK SKIN" chocolate fudge color Etruscans as shown in most of their paintings was the civilization that existed before the Romans who copied practically everything from them. The Etruscans were a very amazing people and the first civilization in the area..
DNA studies have shown that The Etruscans were European, and genetically Southern European from an indigenous/local local population from Central Italy genetically similar to Iron Age Romans from Lazio. Posth et al 2022 is the DNA study on Etruscans and Antonio et al 2019 did the study on ancient Rome. The DNA evidence is pretty clear on who the Etruscans are. Below are the cites to the papers, I don't think this site allows links.
Antonio et al., Science 366, 708-714 (2019) 8 November 2019 "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean"
Posth et al., Sci. Adv. 2021; 7 : eabi7673 24 September 2021 "The origin and legacy ofthe Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect"
@@palermotrapani9067 DNA does not identify any races of people, instead, it only identifies "RELATIONSHIPS" as it relates to families which has been scientifically proven by credible world renown scientists.. By the way Europa is a "Continent" and does not refer to a "RACE" by intelligent people. Black Europeans has been in Europa for several millenniums which has also been proven in many scientific research reports. Also, paintings, murals, statues of "fudge brown" Etruscans abounds in that ancient cultural civilization that predates the latter Romans who benefitted enormously from these dark brown skin ancient people of Etruria.. Why should anyone care about what Antonio's pseudo science dated 8 Nov (2019) states about "Crossroads Europa and the Mediterranean", and as it relates to the name of that "SEA" what does the Sea has to do with the Etruscans since there is no such race as "Mediterranean" people race, and no one actually lives in the "Sea". Those DNA companies are making lots of bank rolls off people who believe that DNA has anything to do with human races...🙂
@@etruscancivilization I suggest you read the paper. What does fudge brown people mean. You keep saying dark brown and I can read your post enough to get what you are trying to do. The Etruscans were not dark brown, that is nonsense. Sure some may have tans, but I suggest you go look at all the Etruscan murals. It is pretty clear from the murals and statues they have European facial phenotypes. If you are trying to say they are related to sub-Saharan African populations such as the Mende, Mandinka, Nilotics, etc, you are 100% wrong.
They were genetically Europeans. I suggest you read the paper. They were not dark skinned relative to Africans from West, Central Africa, etc. (Sub-saharan Africa). Some peoples in South Asia have dark skin, so what. Whatever term you have an issue with or want to use, the DNA paper I linked analyzed 48 Etruscans from Tuscany from about 900 BC to around 20 BC (Iron Age to Republican Rome period to start of Imperial). 40 of the 48 genetically are of Anatolian Neothlic (Early European Farmer) plus Steppe (Russian Steppes-Yamnaya) and some Western European Hunter Gather. These 3 populations in the DNA literature have over and over again been documented to be the main source populations for all Modern Europeans, albeit, Northern, Central, NW Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, etc, vary in their relative admixture proportions among those source populations.
The Posth et al 2021 paper that I cited documents clearly in Figure 2 of the paper, 40 of the 48 plot near modern Italians between Central Italy (Tuscany) to Southern France/Iberia. That is clear. There were some migrants that lived there, 4 of them plot with Central Europeans and 3 of them plot close to modern Morocco and 1 plots with Near East/West Asian populations, Since 1 of the Etruscan archeological sites (Tarquina) was a port city, having migrants/sailors that lived in the area is not surprising. These 8 individuals as the paper noted are the "statistical outliers" and as the paper notes, come from 3 different geographic regions. The 40 that plot in a cluster overlapping Central Italy to modern Spain are the locals. Even today, if you were to plot Northern Italians on a PCA plot, they would overlap Southern France and Spain, which is pretty much where the Etruscans plotted.
The Etruscans were not a sea people, btw. The Phoenicians would be one of the ancient sea peoples.
@@etruscancivilization Blacks in Europe 2,000 years ago were very few, although yes present. Most of them were from East Africa South of the first cataract of the Nile, then, as now the ancient border between Egypt and Nubia/North Sudan (today). The ancient Greeks and then Romans had very limited contact with the interior of Africa other than East Africa and the Horn. Most were slaves, some may have been hired as mercenaries to help fight wars.
Antonio et al 2019 is not pseudo science, what you are pushing is pseudo science. The paper has 127 ancient Genomes from ancient Rome and I do in terms of genetics get close distances to them plotting my own DNA on PCA graphs relative to them. The Antonio et al 2019 paper clearly documents who the ancient Romans were and gives us a good picture of them. 11 Iron Age/Republican Romans from Antonio et al 2019 overlap with 40 of the 48 Etruscans from the Posth et al 2021 paper. The Imperial Romans from Antonio et al 2019 plot (overlap) with Central Italy to Southern Italy to Greece, with some outliers from the Near East since the Imperial Period was the time Rome reached its political, economic and geographic peak.
The Mediterranean is a sea which Rome declared their sea when they conquered all the other powers that tried to control the Mediterranean sea for economic and military advantage. You are totally misunderstanding the context of Mediterranean and how it is being used. Rome as the most dominate power and where it sits in Central Italy became the cross roads politically, economically, culturally of a region that stretched to West Asia, along the coast of North Africa into SW Europe (Spain), NW Europe (England) to the Balkans (SE Europe) and Central Europe (except Germany which they never could conquer). That is the context of the title of the paper .
Nothing pseudo science about the 127 ancient Genomes analyzed in that paper nor the 82 in the Posth et al 2021 paper. And in summary, of the 209 ancient Genomes from both those studies, not 1 is genetically related to modern Mende, Mandinka, Yoruba, Nilotic peoples From West to Central Africa, not 1.
@@palermotrapani9067 The pseudo science which you mentioned has absolutely nothing to do with the "Original Black Race People of Europa". You mentioned something about the past 2000 years which would be the year of 22 A.D. (Anno Domini), whereas I am referring back to 5,000 yrs ago to 3022 BCE (Before the Birth Of Christ) when Black Africans ruled the civilized world and lead many explorations into Europa where they founded the FIRST European Civilizations on the ancient Greek Island of Crete and were referred to as the 'Black Minoans" while "NORDIC EUROPA that was farther away from Africa had no documented historical civilizations. Black Africans also founded civilizations in ancient Chaldea, Colchis (present day Rep of Georgia) where Black Colchians are reported to be the "THIRD PEOPLE ON EARTH TO PRACTICE CIRCUMCISION" after the ancient Ethiopians/Egyptians who were the first and second people to perform that medical procedure. Those facts are all documented by numerous ancient Greek scholars/historians for all to research. It is a fact that "southern Europa" was the first area of the continent to have advanced civilizations, primarily because of its close proximity to the African continent, while "Nordic Europa" lagged far behind, and that is very easy and plain for me to see those facts in a very non-biased manner. When you mentioned "few" Blacks in Europa 2000 yrs ago I had to laugh because you seem to think that Europe stated with the Romans, while it is a fact that Black Africans were building advanced civilizations on that continent a few millenniums before there was even a ancient Rome. By the way, Rome itself had several Emperors who I can identify as being mixed Black race, such as Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Gaeta, Elagabalus, Alexander Severus, "Clitus the Black" with at least one Black Dynasty founded in 193 A.D. by Emperor Septimius Severus, who was born in Leptis Magna (present day Libya),and all of his true facial busts definitely identifies him as a Black man, as well as his two sons and his nephew Alexander Severus who not only had 100% Black facial features, but also short woolly hair..
Everything Is Greek
BCE? Thumbs down
The ancient Romans were totally influenced by the dark skin Etruscan people who they eventually destroyed while benefitting from all of their cultural and technological contributions.. 😊
I have understood they were absorbed into Roman culture. Much like others..
@@OldHeathen1963 You are correct about the Etruscans being acculturated into the latter Roman culture that destroyed their country while imitating their superior and more advanced civilization..
The Etruscans were not who you are trying to say they are. Not sure where you are getting your theories.
@@OldHeathen1963 Yes, and DNA studies who they while not speaking an Indo-European language, they were genetically similar to the Latins in Lazio during the Iron age/early Republican Rome period. DNA studies have now confirmed this, but this site will not let me link the studies. Genetically, both populations plot within the European PCA cluster and space, and specifically with Southern Europeans overlapping modern Iberians, French from the South of France and Italian populations.
@@palermotrapani9067 Not "TRYING" to say anything, instead, the "TRUTH" was simply stated and you have a problem with that statement, non the less 🙂