Thomas Hobbes - State and Freedom

Thomas Hobbes was born in 1588. He studied at Oxford and spent much of his life working as a tutor for an aristocratic family. By the 1640s, he became known for a number of philosophical works he had published.
It is around this time that Hobbes witnessed the horrors of war that would shape his political views and beliefs. The English Civil War was fought between 1642 and 1651 and most likely influenced his ideas of the social contract.
Hobbes spent much of the war in exile in France. However, he looked on with horror at the death and destruction in his native country. He had already been an outspoken supporter of absolute monarchy. The events of the war only reaffirmed that view and contributed to his ideas about human nature in what he called the "state of Nature.
Do you believe it's necessary to have laws to keep order in society? Or do you think it would be better if everyone just was allowed to do whatever they want, regardless of it might hurt other people? If you do believe there should be laws, you have something in common with Thomas Hobbes.
Hobbes was an English philosopher who believed in the need for a social contract between people that limited their freedoms in the name of the greater good. Learn about Thomas Hobbes and the social contract as well as how other later Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke challenged some of his views.
Thomas Hobbes:
Thomas Hobbes was born in 1588. He studied at Oxford and spent much of his life working as a tutor for an aristocratic family. By the 1640s, he became known for a number of philosophical works he had published.
It is around this time that Hobbes witnessed the horrors of war that would shape his political views and beliefs. The English Civil War was fought between 1642 and 1651 and most likely influenced his ideas of the social contract.
Hobbes spent much of the war in exile in France. However, he looked on with horror at the death and destruction in his native country. He had already been an outspoken supporter of absolute monarchy. The events of the war only reaffirmed that view and contributed to his ideas about human nature in what he called the "state of nature."
English Civil War
The English Civil War involved a series of conflicts between those supporting the Parliament and those supporting the monarchy of Charles I. The wars ultimately resulted in Charles being executed, and Parliament ruling England until a restoration of the monarchy in 1660.
However, now the king only ruled with Parliament's consent, and the Parliament chose a new king in the 1668 Glorious Revolution, establishing England and the later union of Great Britain as a true parliamentary monarchy where the king's power was checked by a legislature.
Thomas Hobbes: Social Contract and the State of Nature
Hobbes developed a theory of human nature in what he called the "state of nature." The state of nature was a hypothetical state in the past with no government or laws.
For Hobbes, the state of nature was one of constant competition, violence, and danger. With all men being relatively equal, none could ever establish dominance or security.
To help imagine Hobbes's idea of the state of nature, think about a group of humans competing for an apple. The tallest person may be able to get the apple from the tree the easiest. However, a more crafty one might be able to make plans to steal the apple. The strongest person may just take the apple by force, using violence if necessary. Finally, someone else could always just kill the strongest person in their sleep and take the apple for themselves.
This is an admittedly bleak view of human nature and Hobbes essentially saw the state of nature as one of perpetual war.
Continual fear, and danger of violent death, and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"1

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