Viriathus and The Lusitanian War (feat.
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- čas přidán 6. 06. 2024
- Viriathus was a warlord who became famous for his prolonged fight against the Roman Republic, his cunning and his mastery of guerrilla warfare. Today we learn about his feats and demise.
Check out @historywithhilbert146's video: • How Did the Romans Con...
Special thanks to Professor Amilcar Guerra from the University of Lisbon for helping with the research of this video.
Sound provided by:
Håkan Glänte "Unsung Heroes" & "Olivari"
Twitter: / knowhistoryyt
Patreon: / knowhistoryyt
Discord: discordapp.com/invite/CmyatuF
Sources:
Guerra, Amílcar and Fabião, Carlos "Viriato: genealogia de um mito" in Penélope: fazer e desfazer a história. ISSN 0871-7486. 8 (1992). p. 9-23
repositorio.ul.pt/handle/1045...
Guerra, Amílcar and Fabião, Carlos "Viriato: em torno da iconografia de um mito" (1998) repositorio.ul.pt/handle/1045...
Appian, The Spanish Wars 10-11-12 www.livius.org/sources/conten...
Strabo, Geography Book III Chapter 3, 3. penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/...
Diodorus Siculus, Book 33 attalus.org/translate/diodorus...
Ptolemy: the Geography penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/...
#Ancient_History #Viriathus #Rome #Lusitania
Behind this video:
Scriptwriters: Afonso Franca Gomes
Video Editor: Know History
Narrator: Calum Champion
Script Editor: Byron Lewis
Imperator Rome Copyright: 2019 Paradox Interactive AB. www.paradoxplaza.com
War Footage:
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As a portuguese, TY for bringing our first Lusitanian hero. His statue still sits proudly in Viseu
Como português, tinha de ser feito!
Hopefully, it stays there in one peace with all of these leftist "woke" warriors taking down statues and damaging them these days.
Salamanca was part of Lusitania and they arent Portuguese
Our History is a complete Masterpiece since the Iberians,Phoenicians,Celts,
,Lusitanians,Greeks, (Ode Marítima) V Cent. BC,,Romans (Gaius Lusitanicus)(Apiano),Suevi,Burii,Alani,
Visigoths,(Idacio Flaviense,Paulus Orosius of Bracara,Joao Scalabitanus),Berberes Arab Chronicles,Portugália Monumenta Historia(Herculano) Fernão Lopes Chronicles,and Antiquidades Lusitanas was real formidable.I read so much that i cant remind so much books,Chronicles,Manuscripts that i've read and have in my mind.
Yea,i know and not just Salamanca but Merida,Cória,Cáceres and many other lands,until the start of Midlle Age,Circa 409 AC.Muchas Gracias.Salud.
Really enjoyed this one, and a pleasure to work together with you to make it happen! Obrigado!
It was all my pleasure! Dankjewel!
Thanks for spotlighting this amazing content Hilbert! His work can go far
never expected you two to collaborate
Viriato is loved and appreciated in Portugal till today, he is part of our hearts, identity and culture. I would like to share a very endearing story about the great Viriato ( I was born in the same mountain as him, called Serra da Estrela, also called Moun Herminios). The story speaks of a girl that fell in love with Viriato, and appeared in his camp disguised as a boy asking to become a "Suldório", (name given to Viriato personal guards), looking a bit fragile, effeminate, and not strong enough, so Viriato said it wouldn't be possible for him to become a proper soldier, that he (the disguised girl), could stay around helping in other ways that not being a soldier/guard, but the "boy", as time went by, showed such determination and dedication, developing into a great warrior and proving his value in battles, that he (she) end up gaining the respect of Viriato and Viriato's personal guards, and was accepted as one of them. At a short period of truce Viriato married his beloved bride, Vanídia, and it is said that Viriato, one day, took Vanídia to the tent of his favorite Suldório to present him to his wife.
At that meeting, the pallor of the soldier was notorious and when Vanídia asked him to be as friendly with her as he was with Viriato , the young Suldório replied that his dedication to the Lusitanian chief was so great that there was no room for anyone else in his heart.
After a few years the betrayal of the "3 simps" happened, and Viriato was killed in his sleep, the Lusitanian soldiers found the Suldório hugging Viriato 's decapitated body, ( it is said that the 3 simps had to take Viriato's head to the Roman consul as proof), crying desperately. General grief and indignation set in, and a solemn funeral was held, during which the hero's body would be burned.
When the large bonfire was burning intensely, the Suldório, without a word, his beautiful blonde hair loose in the wind, his blue eyes filled with sadness, got up and approached the fire where Viriato 's body was burning.
Slowly, in front of everyone, he took off the armor and clothes he was wearing. The Lusitanians verified, with astonishment, that the soldier was after all a beautiful woman who confessed to having disguised herself in order to be close to the man she loved until death.
The woman, who had lived for Viriato and whose name has been lost in time, jumped into the fire and died there, along with the great love of her life.
Desconhecia esse nome,Vanidia,esse nome não vem nos livros 📚,alguns Historiadores Espanhóis,especulam sobre um nome,Helena.O que vem mencionado é o nome de seu sogro,Astolpas,um Lusitano rico.Já,agora qual a sua fonte desse nome,Vanidia?
Roman historian Titus Livius once wrote:
"Under the influence of fear, which always leads men to take a pessimistic view of things, they magnified their enemies' resources, and minimized their own"
Covid fear mongering works too
What a fantastic Roman writer,Agricola and Plinius the Older,too good too.Strabo the Greek,the best in describe Lusitania and his peoples.But there are plenty more.Gayus,our first great Roman Lusitanian Sportsman who won hundreds of carriage races in Rome,our first Saints,Martirs like Saint Olalia,the Julia Clan from Rome who turned Lisbon the first Roman Polis in Lusitania,the Roman monuments,like Bridges,Temple of Diana or the Tower of Estoi,Conimbriga,the floor tiles,the Iberus Horses of Monforte,Ammaia Polis,etc...
It is simply amazing how a pastor is still remembered to this day for his bravery! Long live the Lusitanian people!
The Portuguese is a multiEthnic mixture of Cultural and Warrior Tribes and Peoples,that include Caucasians,Mediterranian Romans,Phoenicians,Berbers,
,Celtic Alpines,,Germanic Nordics and with few exotic melt of Imperial admixtures in our minorities,like SephardicJews,Gypsies or Afrcan Creoles.An Wroten Civilization of 2500 years since the Greek-Roman Ode Maritima Chronicle.
@@MrKlipstar Perfeito.
@@MrKlipstar test your dna , probably you are a crioulo from marroco like mister otzi
A pastor in English is a priest (Padre) the word you need is "shepard".
@@Alfablue227 thank celtika swevica bracarika , indeed you are at front of the rest in Lusitania history , the only problem is you don't know from where you come from
As a portuguese I am very proud of all our history and beginnings of. Thank you very much 🍀
Yes! We must keep the pride of our people and heritage!
NAO SEI PORQUE MAS O YOUTUBO APAGA OS MEUS COMENTOS TODOS PORQUE SERA ELES QUEREM ESCONDER A VERDADE ?
I wish you could have added a small bit of animation to the map in the beginning part of the video, particularly when you mentioned the names of various rivers. You rattle off a long list of names and having just a touch of synchronized animation would help me understand the scenario you are painting. Thank you.
As a fellow Iberian (of Hispania Celtic Iberian descent), I salute you!
This is like a smaller scale version of Hannibal's war against Rome. Great work as always my friends
if only Viriathus had access to Elephants haha
when will your next video be?
We've had a PM with an updated version of that name, but he didn't bring elephants with him, he brought magpies instead...
So happy to see a new upload from you
I love the visuals you use, it really helps with the storytelling & the enjoyment of the video!
Flashpoint sends his regards.
I have subscribed and the notification bell is on!
Thumbs up
Love yalls history videos!
Finally, glad to see you came back
Hopefully it will be less than 3 months till my next upload! :D
Keep going this videos are amazing
Flashpoint History sends his regards :)
Flashpoint sent me so I like and subscribed. Love your channel
Fantastic and informative video.
History with Hilbert led me here. Wanted to find more on the Iberians. An excellent documentary on a national hero I never new existed. And thank you for providing the sources, I'll endeavor to make more know of you
Thank you so much for your words! Welcome aboard and I hope you enjoy my upcoming videos as much as you enjoyed this one! :D
Good stuff!
I came from flashpoint history, and was already subscribed! I guess I independently found your videos and loved them already, well now I've fallen for you twice! 😂
Came here from Hilbert's. Good video good Channel just subbed
Thanks for joining us!
LOVE the map animations!
Keep up the great work Know History!
Usually I don't comment on anyone's video but your content is superb so I am commenting on your video. Wow this video is fantastic. Every line is a point. Your channel deserve more subscriber. I regularly watch your videos from 4 years. As a old subscriber I want a help from you that please make a video on skanderbeg because I realised that only you can describe it nicely. As I know you from the old days, I think you will definitely make a video on this topic
Thank you so much for your wonderful comment! I am grateful that you sticked arround for so long! and you are correct, you do know me well! I have been thinking about skanderbeg for a couple months and he may get his own video til the end of the year! Thank you so much for your support once again!
@@KnowHistory Thank you so much for replying. I really like and appreciate your work
Could you make a video about Boudica? It would be very interesting!
Ainda não percebo os espanhóis a dizer que Viriato era espanhol.
Mas español que mis santos huevoss.tu de la historia de portugal y españa no tienes zorra ideaaa.un castellano de Zamora.
Lusitano denomina un pueblo celtibero no un territorio.ignorantee
@@inakimendez394 *Least Racist celtic larper*
@@inakimendez394 In that time there was no Portugal or Spain only the Iberian peninsula. The Iberian tribes always were a huge pain in the ass for the Roman's this was told by themselves no to mention that the Iberian peninsula always had a good territory with strategic sites that was one of the factors that helped the Iberian tribes resist for so long. 5hey were valiable warriors and could face armies much bigger that theirs with ease. Virihatus was a lusitan and they were some men of that tribe across the peninsula but he probably' most certenly lived in the territory that today is Portugal not to mention that in 5hat time there was no Portugal 9r Spain so the creation 9f these to countries Will come later with many events happen. The lusitans were not Portuguese because in that time they was no Portugal but many Portuguese are descendent from the and people in Spain too. The Portugal as a country will come as of Spain with many invasions with people and tribes always come and go
Lusitania with Gallecia first and after the Emperor August Peace in 14 BC,in Pax Julia(Beja),Lusitânia Augusta the Roman Province of Hispania with capital in Emerita Augusta(Merida,Spain) had part of nowadays Extremadura,Castille and Leon Provinces of Spain.Zamora even with an Viriathus monument in thoses times not even existed and never belong to Lusitania,was above his borders at north at least after August.Zamora was founded by the Kings of Asturias,that fact comes in their chronicles,they have some legend about a brown cow that was shout to leave that place,Zah Mora !🤓
when a video about Principality of Pontinha???
Thanks
My pleasure! I'm the one who should thank you!
Como um brasileiro, eu posso confirmar essa história deste grande herói de Portugal, a nossa terra Pai. 🇧🇷🇵🇹
The actual extension of the Lusitani, following your own description of the sources, should be (at the core at least) that of all the remaining independent Celts of Iberia/Hispania, i.e. including the ones of the North Central Plateau such as the Vaccei (which you mention first but fail to map after the conquest) and the area often believed to be the core Lusitanian region in and around the modern province of Salamanca (where the only Lusitanian language texts, whch are either P-Celtic or "Italoid", and not Q-Celtic like the mich better documented Celtiberian language, are found). On the other hand, Astures, Turduli and Conii (asigned later to the Roman provinces of Gallaecia and Lusitania) were not Celts but, of course, they may have partaken of the Lusitanian uprising (more likely in the case of the Turduli, which are also said to have allied with the Celts in the older conquest of Gallaecia c. 700-500 BCE).
This war should have given Rome control over all Iberia/Hispania except the northern strip, inhabited by pre-Indoeuropean (Vasconic) peoples, some aligned with the Aquitani (notably Varduli and Vascones, which Caesar, without naming but providing many clues indirectly, mentions as the most remote of the Aquitani, which did not surrender to Crassus Jr. thanks to the arrival of the winter, they'd be conquered later in obscure campaigns only documented by vague references and some archaeology), the others being the paleo-historically indistiguishable Cantabri and Astures (who were conquered in the Cantabrian War of Augustus in spite of fierce resistance).
Lusitania province was formed out of Hispania Ulterior and that explains its extension, as Gallaecia and the Vacceii fell into Hispania Citerior, which was renamed Tarraconense first, before being much later divided in three provinces (one of them being Gallaecia but also including the Astur territory, and not just the Celtic one further west).
Gael (Gallus, Gallaicus, etc.) was surely the Celtic endonym, while IMO Keltos (Celt) was rather a Vasconic exonym with despective connotations (keldo = vagabond in Basque, many other kel- rooted words are also despective) and surely adopted by the Phoacaean Greeks (Massilia, Emporion, Rhodes, etc.) bc of their likely alliance with the Iberians in the Catalonia-Langedoc region (iberianized after centuries of Celtic or Celto-Italic control c. 590 BCE, coinciding with the foundation of the Phocaean colonies -- Phocaea also reported of strong desire for alliance by Tartessos, probably the Turdetani). That's surely why we have two names for the Celts: one the native Celto-Italic one (Gael, Gallus) and the other the outsider Ibero-Greek one (Keltos, Celtus, Celt). Ironically some Iberian Celts did adopt the Vasconic exonym anyhow, at the very least the Celtiberians (allegedly, per Marcial, a mix of Celts and Iberians after a long period of wars, but with only Celtic documented in writing, although it's true that much of the toponymy seems Vasconic) and the Celtici of Alentejo, whether this is because of Greco-Romans getting their ethnographic info from Iberian sources remains obscure.
Hello friend, how do you eliminate the borders of the map (Imperator rome)?
Huh. Hilbert did promise a video on the inhabitants of Portugal before the Romans.
Still coming my friend!
@@historywithhilbert146 epic
Flash point sent me but great content keep it up
Viriatus blood still runs in my veins.
Long Live the Portuguese
Viriathus was born in Loriga, Portugal. Loriga is the ancient Lorica (the latin/roman name), was more 2600 years old.
he's a folk hero to this day in Portugal.
Optimum summary. Unfortunately, Lusitanian and Callaecian forests are now burning under 46ºC (eucalyptus business as usual...) - this cursed ozzy tree that sucks up our soils and ignites quick. You already got what i mean - we could use some more Viriathuses. post scriptum (i cannot write the initials because they make me sick) Bring back Barbara Carmina, Hail Sangre Cavallum !
Whenever people mention that Viriato was a shepherd they always miss a very important contextual key, the concept of the 'Kouroi' or warrior boys.
Being a shepherd and fending for oneself was not reserved for the poor exclusively. In fact, any boy of a warrior cast would've been required to prove himself to the tribe and others his age by going on migration paths with cattle, surviving the elements, and protecting his animals from wolves and other beasts.
It was a right of passage to adulthood and training for would-be warriors and leaders, a common practice among many ancient civilizations. These people all played an instrument and were great with Javelins, they always had two in hand and a buckle that they maneuvered with their neck and shoulders while one hand was on the horse rein and the other flinging multiple volleys of deadly pilum.
No wonder the Lusitani warriors were feared by the Romans and are some of the first instances of guerilla warfare in history, they knew the lay of the land as no one else.
_Hey, Galba! Roma Deleta Est, Cariociecus Vicit, Canis!_
**Loud Lusitani Noises!* _Leukinatea Moe Treba Inte! Leukitanea, tuouta kei Leukuirecori!_ (translate that with AI, hahahahaha)
Viriethus=Wyriedd suggests “Manliness” in Gallo-Welsh.
Podias fazer um vídeo sobre os gallaicos
Interesting, never heard of this guy
👍👍👍
Hilbert told me to love you.
Hispania was always special to Rome.
In one account even CAESAR talks about how his men were "Hispanicized".
Viriato was Portuguese not Spanish and he was born by the seaside in western Iberia. The Portuguese consider themselves as Lusitanians because we have a gene which is not found in any people anywhere in the World.
Viriathus most problally born in Loriga,Estrela ❇ Moutain range,a village founded by the Oestreminios Iberian Tribe circa de 1200 BC in the year 181 BC,was a modest Vaccum shepard who turn a Lusitani Warrior chief in 149 BC after Punico died in battle.Had died in 139 BC.His murder was ordered by an Roman Consul to 3 murderers who killed him during his rest,stabing him in the neck with an Iberian sword,a falcata.🤓
The Lusitanians was the most strong Iberian Federation of Tribes,told by the greater Greek-Roman Historians like Plinius,the Older,Strabo,Apiano,etc...
What we know is about few names refered in those great writers,some Lusitanian Chefs; Caeceno,Punico,Caeseras and Viriato(Viriathus) his father in law;Astolpas and his murderers;Minuro,Audax.Viriato has born in 181 BC n Herminius Montains,probably in Loriga and he died in 139 BC probably in Cabanas de Viriato,around Viseu.The Lusitanians have legendary Kings since 900 BC but nobody knows their origins;natives,a melting of tribes or foreigner origins.There's lots of studies.I'm inclined to believe they were an Iberian tribe with Greek and Celtic admixes and Culture and a late few Carthaginese influence just in III Century BC.After the Roman Invasion who had start around 219 BC.there were 3 Lusitanian Roman Wars,first until 190BC,then 2nd 149 to 139 BC and 3rd 80 BC the Sertório revolt.Lusitania was only completly pacified by Augusto in 14 BC but the last riot occure in Castro de Briteiros,near Guimarães in 1 BC. After that Lusitania Roman Province was parted from Gallecia with capital in Emerita Augusta(Merida) the Roman Bridge of Alcântara over Tagus River,have a stone that has been writen in Latin all the Lusitanian Tribes who had build it.
the lusitanians and kallaico were , tribes that admixed with central european peoples and levant caucasia peoples related to cannanites hittites hurrians mitani thracions , illyrians that migrated to iberia because of invasion of others people in balkans , my dna says it all , and that people were the pure celtic people
you are portuguese??? SO PROUD!
I am indeed! Thank you!
Is that CK3 or Imperator?
Imperator!
Everybody wants to steal the Portuguese most important conquers and conquests, one day CR7 will be an astonishing player bornt in Manchester...
Do you think Viriathus used longbows?
🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹💪🏽
First Portuguese hero.
Damn , this channel will be the next 10 milion subs chaneel ! Hope i could invest in youtube chanrlls cause i whouod have benn a milionare al ready
that is not correct before viriato , there were others tribal chefes fighting roman even greeks , but it was not reported like in the viriathus campaign
What is the relationship between the Lusitanians mentioned here and the passenger steamship whose famous sinking was part of the motivation for the US to join WW1?
They named it after the Roman Province, same with RMS Mauretania.
Could also be a nod to Portugal, since mythologically they're the descendants of the Lusitanians. Luso (from Lusitania) is often used to refer to Portuguese things such as Luso-American for example
Cunard Line (the company which operated and built the RMS Lusitania) had a habit of ending all ship names in "ia". The Lusitania and her sister ship Mauretania were named for Roman Provinces. As to why specifically Lusitania was chosen, i'm not certain, but Britain and Portugal have historically been allied to one another and therefore it might be a nod to Portugal (with Lusitania being an alternative name for the Country)
Viva os bracaros
Lusitanians the most powerful and bravest people among all the iberian nations
That is not northwestern Iberia.
It's reassuring to come across a Portuguese CZcamsr with enough historiographical integrity to stick to the sources and the archaeological evidence and refrain from the parroting 20th-century nationalist propaganda that was still being taught in public schools as recently as the mid-90s
Rome does not pau traitors,traitors Roma non primae
Viriathus was a red hair Celt from the Lusitanian tribes
No, it's not that simple. The culture of the Lusitanians is difficult to place. There is significant historical debate as to whether the Lusitanians were pre-celtic, partially Celtic or fully Celtic in nature.
The reality is probably a combination of the three - a pre-celtic Iberian people who adopted many Celtic customs through interactions with their celt-iberian neighbours. It's up to the historian to determine if this makes them celt-iberian or pre-celtic, as with all things it's not a clearly defined line.
No one is claiming Viriathus was Spanish either - "Spain" as a concept was a thousand years off. He was possibly celt-iberian, and led the celt-iberian tribes of the Iberian peninsula against the Romans. Once again, historians and anthropologists do not know specifically how Celtic the Lusitanians were. It's a gradient, with his tribe probably being somewhat celticised yet still fundamentally pre-celtic in many respects (a combination that is called celt-iberian for obvious reasons).
It actually makes this fairly clear in the video by describing the complexity of defining any territory to any specific group of people and the diversity present across the region of "Lusitania".
@@calum5975 its very obvious they were pure Celts since the Celtic ruins and evidence found all over Portugal (Ancient part of Hispania) date centuries older then the ones in Great Britain which was frozen up until the ice melted 4000 years ago, 2000 BC and the beginning of Celts migrations to Great Britain started from France (Britania and Normandia) according to World Atlas Maps of Migrations to the North. In 2000 BC Hispania was cold land and Normandia was the far North up until the end of that era ice age. Some Irish and England historians just want to propagate the theory that the Celts already existed in Great Britain 10,000 yes ago which is totally false and thats why they promote the fact that they existed before the continent Celts, a false theory. The Gauls from Normandia and Britania settled in England, the ancient Basque Celts (sheepherders settled in Wales, many Celts from Portugal settled in Ireland and then Scotland and made it their own land, the Germanic tribes settled in Scandinavia through Denmark, its so simple, Celtic migrations allways moved North not the other way around and realize the fact that these ancient Celts were a mostly white race unlike the mixing of many races we now have in Europe
Ignorantes no tenes puta idea lo que hablaissss.
No , he was from hyperborean atlantis !!!!
Yes
go north
Bloody romans :P
I’m guessing the proto Spaniard will conquer Rome
Proto Portuguese caralho
Vc disse caralho? !
Portuguese.
@@vitorjpereira2547 lusitanos
At least,i'am like Viriathus in one thing,-I'am modest and i cant conquest nothing,what i could do is to resist to be conquested by foreigners and resist like a barbarian in the mountains and forests of my beloved sacred land,this Lusitânia that i praise to the skies.I still a Pagan,a Savage,with few rules of modern life,yes i'am a troglodite! Wooooah😖
Os portugueses são uns homens do caralho quando toca a guerra ❤🇵🇹