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Where is the most habitable place in the Universe? | Astrobiology
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- čas přidán 8. 10. 2019
- There are habitable zones around stars where the conditions on a planet are ideal for liquid water to exist (and therefore life as we know it to exist). Then there are galactic habitable zones that balance radiation from intergalactic space and radiation from the central supermassive black holes. But is there such a thing as Universal habitable zone? Is there somewhere in the Universe that is the most habitable?
My new book 'Space: The 10 Things You Should Know' is out now worldwide (except US & Canada) on September 5th 2019! You can pre-order it (UK only) from amazon here: bit.ly/SpaceDrB...
News on US & Canadian publication coming soon.
Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video!
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Huang et al. (1959) - articles.adsabs...
Gonzalez, Brownlee & Ward (2001) - arxiv.org/pdf/...
Dayal et al. (2015) - arxiv.org/pdf/...
Gowanlock (2016) - arxiv.org/pdf/...
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Dr. Becky also presents videos on Sixty Symbols: / sixtysymbols
and Deep Sky Videos: / deepskyvideos
Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethur...
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No pesky cold was going to stop me talking about science 💪🤧
Get well soon!
Yeah, right now we have this so called _English weather_ here in Poland, the Autumn has came for good... 🙃
There was below zero C temp last morning 😀
You are in the habitable zone for cold viruses. 😉
There must be a temporal zone as well. Too early and there are no heavier elements (as a chemist, I refuse to call them "metals"), too late and all the G stars will be gone.
My head and chest cold wasn't gonna stop me from listening to science.
Wow! Didn't realise my question would warrant its own video! Loved the emphasis on THAT is an EXCELLENT question! Made me feel like I got a gold star at school!
Thank you for making this video - consider the question satisfactorily answered!
This has become one of my absolutly favourite sci channels on CZcams. You are doing a great job educating this dumb dumb here!
Thanks Gerhard 🤗👍 and no one is a dumb dumb! Just out of practice
@@DrBecky You are probably right, since it´s like 15 years since I`ve seen an uni from the inside. And, sociology is still science, right?! :-D
@@gerhardkraider Welllllllllll..... :P
Indoctrinating not educating... you should learn the difference ..
@@domesticatedprimate8791 ... get out
I love that periodic table at 4:00. Made me laugh.
H -Nearly Everything.
He -Everything Else
Stuff before Fe (Iron) - Metals
Fe (Iron) - Star Killer
Stuff after Fe - Supernova Poop
The scary thing is an average star stops at 26 but if you make a big enough bang you can get all the way up to 92 (it probably goes higher but those elements go away 'quickly').
And there have been enough of those bangs that you can mine Uranium on Earth in useful quantities. So like, it's happened once or twice in our immediate vacinity.
We definitely want to be in the Supernova Poop zone. There's a transuranic joke in there somewhere.
@@duckrutt From Wikipedia: "..Fe is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust."
url = en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron
Considering planets and stars are spherical and move through near vacuum, oversimplification makes sense :P
Ahem, oblate spheroid.
Well...... no.... whats there to simplify... :p
But are the cows round?
Just finished your audio book (also got the written version for the couch table ;) ). I think the most important and valuable section was actually the first one talking about what science really is and that it's about constant refinement and re-evaluation. I think that was a very well written part and a very important one that is not pointed out enough when talking about science.
Thanks 🤗 I’m glad you appreciated that bit especially
Metal rich zone of the galaxy--otherwise known as an 80s rock station.
Isolated, fossil, nobody living nearby. Yep it checks out.
Or my record collection! \m/
...not only most habitable...but the coolest.
I loved the “supernova poop” in the periodic table, it was only there for a second....
The most habitable place in the universe is my couch of course.
Hahaha, nope stupid. It's my bed since I put the fridge in the sleeping room.
Are we to conclude that it's full of life? o.0
@spaghetti yummy you can if you do it right. First make a base on the moon underground that the vent can be used to magnetic propel a craft off the moon into space using a cable drop crane to dig it out. Once built, the shielding should be enough to protect life enough. All you need is solar power built up into capacitors energizing the launch coils with computer control like that dragster rollercoaster ride at Cedar Point. This should save a good amount of energy on launch and provide shielded work / living space. This could solve our population control problem also by displacing people to work in space. I even thought about how to make making space stations easier to build too, using the magnetic launch pad on the moon would make it easier to launch pre-made parts into space from the metal on the moon. I also thought of many more ideas that could help this migration into space. I wish there were a number of someone I trust, to put these ideas into good use. I would just be happy if some of my ideas were reviewed even. I thought of different ways to mine asteroids also. Different asteroids call for different solutions to mine them I would guess. I think you have to wait a bit, but the first company that successfully mines a asteroid will get rich, collapsing the metal market at some point, but producing enough metal to start to make REAL space stations with artificial gravity. Have some neat ideas there, including a retirement community in space. The upper rings of the space station will, I think, have less gravity effects making it easier to stay mobile instead of being in a wheelchair for the elderly. The internet in space will hopefully be worked out by then to keep the elderly connected enough to make it not boring. Possibly giving work for the elderly too. You need to balance your work duties because once in space it would hard to retire back on earth, giving incentives to keep working, but with restrictions based on how capable each individual is, keeping them as productive as possible, because of the cost to put people in space until the turning point when all that money and work pay off. I know people will shoot down my ideas here, because it's the internet and that's the way it is. Hopefully someone likes my babbling. I also thought about writing a book on a plausible future based on what we are capable of in phases of migration into space. Even if someone else does this, I bet my book will be different than theirs. This writing a book idea came from too many bad movies that I had to watch. I felt I could write better material that I seen on the big screen lately. It's like people forgot how to write a good story. It would take me a while cause I have a full time job to keep me fed and I would like to do more research on the topic. Also to work on my writing style and pace of the story to keep it interesting.
@@paulforester6996
Interesting thoughts, but try breaking up your wall of text into paragraphs. It makes it much easier to read.
@@DonCDXX I read your comment. I thought 'indeed'. Only THEN I clicked 'view more' on his comment... And there it was...
Listening to you explain astrophysics ... it’s like a soothing lullaby.
4:01 👍
1. nearly everything
2. everything else
3. metals
4. star killer
5. supernova poop
Carl Sagan: "We are made of star stuff."
Heidi Kneale: "We are made of supernova poop."
@@KarlBunker
I don't know. I see it more as supernova guts.
As someone who used to work at NASA as a programmer, I love your shirt! It was the best job I ever had.
Dr. Smethurst We appreciate your videos on this channel. You have the ability to outline and simplify the subject matter to the common persons level of understanding. Thank you
"... to get to these well rounded theories." - So, assuming a spherical theory ...
In a vaccuum
@@peterbonnema8913 obviously
Book was delivered yesterday. Now I just need a Goldilocks time where I can read it without being interrupted by work and people in general
Wow you could easily write an entire paper on this universal habitable zone. Cool stuff!!
We should start calling the habitable zone the "habitabubble"
I like it 😊
Isn't more like a _Habitadonut?_ Or maybe _Habitabagel._ Then there's the _Life Preserver Zone._
@@DNTMEE No. The planets orbit in a plane, but the zone is still a sphere centred on the star
@@elanjacobs1
You are, of course, correct, however I was looking at the zone more in practical terms than theory. Our solar system is orbiting the sun in alignment with the spin of the star itself. As far as I know, the other planets around other stars do the same. I don't think any of them orbit the star in a "polar" alignment. They all align themselves, more or less, in a plane with the spin of the star, eventually. I'm thinking that is the norm because of how planets form. Thus, to me anyway, what really counts is how well they align with the star in a donut shaped area around it. The rest of the "bubble" area is, for all practical purposes, useless and may even be more hostile to life than going with the flow by aligning with the spin of the star. When some objects in the universe release huge amounts of energy they tend to do so at the poles (90 degrees to the spin). The solar wind caused by our sun comes in two forms, fast and slow. The slow solar wind tends to come from the sun's equatorial region and the fast solar wind tends to be generated at the poles. The fast solar wind is composed of more energetic particles in that they are moving at a much higher speed. This could be harmful to any proto-life on a planet orbiting the poles of a star. Especially one with little or no magnetic field of it's own.
"It's Earth." Thanks for coming to my TED talk!
I can't imagine any place in the universe that could be more habitable than Earth. In fact, let's all work toward keeping this home planet of ours habitable.
Astrophysicists and the periodic table:
1: Hydrogen: not a metal
2: Helium: not a metal
3: Lithium: *a metal*
OK, folks, we're done! 🥳
fool
I mean the other stuff is less than 1% of the universe, how important could it be?
if Dr. Becky says it’s a Metal, it’s a metal!
Lithium is Grunge
actually, Hydrogen can have a metallic state, when it's cooled and pressurized into a solid under a diamond anvil....
This one really makes a person think. It really was a great question. This also makes me think about the Fermi Paradox, and how we might just be one of the happy accidents that happened ahead of schedule in our region of the galaxy.
3:57 - Incidentally, . . . . "Supernova Poop" is also the name of my new heavy metal band.
One interesting thing you hinted at that may have gone unnoticed by some is when you said the Gamma Ray Bursts that have been detected have all been outside our galaxy is that this is indicative of just how amazingly, mind-bogglingly powerful these events are. The most distant GRBs detected are presumed to be 13 billion light years away. Though most detected have been significantly closer, the thought of being able to detect the resultant activity of a single (or binary) star from the edge of the visible universe is staggering. Might be a good topic for a video all its own.
I just found this channel and I'm so excited!! I'm in school to become an exoplanetologist, this couldn't be better motivation to keep going!
Keep going 👏👏👏👏
Even sick, I could listen to you speak on space all day! Get well soon. Love the content!
Watching two years later as feel so bad for her being sick. Poor thing. Still made a video though, what a trooper
Who dares dislike her video???!!! You and I got problems!
Those outtakes are just the best . Well I always need to watch your videos at least twice to understand them but thts part of the fun . Best CZcams channel ever!
The best part of you Miss is your HUMILITY and you show with the outtakes that you are not perfect and I appreciate this. And thank you for the Galaxy Goldie Lox Zone. I never thought about it.
Are we not the opposite of what our Solar System. Where we are in the closer 10% to the Sun. And in our Galaxy we are on the last 20% or so. weird.
Again Thanks
Fascinating. So the most habitable place in the universe... in the galaxy, around a certain star, on a certain planet, at a certain latitude... at a particular time of year... in a particular kind of environment... is in someone's well-kept garden in a quiet corner of the UK (or other country!) with a nice group of friends and a table loaded with delicious afternoon tea treats!! Or a cosy place indoors watching science videos on CZcams!!
Off the Florida Keys there's a place called Kokomo. That's where you wanna go.
But you're forgetting Aruba... and Jamaica! Don't forget the Bahamas; c'mon, pretty mama.
I think Cosmobiology need to be further promoted in our faculties and academia. Thank you Dr Becky for sharing valuable insight on finding life beyond our Solar system including factors to sustain and propagate human life. I think scientist are also working on finding habitable conditions in our planet. Moon of Saturn and Jupiter are considered as favorable neighboring stations well beyond moon expedition.
Love your channel and watch it frequently. One small thing I’d suggest is to avoid saying “less stars” and begin saying “fewer stars.” That grammatical error detracts from what is otherwise a very learned and cogent presentation.
I need that periodic table as a poster or a shirt. It is epic..
I thought about galactic habitability when I was in high school... some time in the last millennium.
I was aware of the solar habitable zone, and I thought that the center of the galaxy where the average temperature and light influx from nearby stars would be a bit higher would be the most habitable zone.
All wrong.
But at least I had a hypothesis to build on and test
That periodic table was awesome!!
Petition to start calling all theories "idearies".
Great idearie! :-)
@bogen broom so, so, sooo wrong.....you DO realise that dark matter is called that, because we have ZERO proof that it even exists ? right ? it's still just a place holder for something we do not understand...
Habitability an how unique the earth is is a fascinating topic.
One other discussion I saw indicated that in order for a planet in the Goldilocks Zone to maintain its atmosphere, it would need to have a single (relatively large) dominant moon. Otherwise, it becomes tidally locked to the star which then burns off its atmosphere. Another comment was that binary stars prevent this; so, no binary stars. Then we would also need a strong magnetic field and what it takes to get and keep that. I would love to hear you discuss habitability from a broader view.
Seems like maybe the galaxy's position in relation to a void would have the most impact on the frequency of those fossil galaxies occurring. So perhaps the definition of the habitable zone would be based on that. We had a lot of activity early on, got all the material we needed, and then were able to exist relatively unperturbed for the billions of years that it took for the planets to cool and then for life to emerge.
Ojisan642 makes sense. The Milky Way is also in a void, so there’s some anecdotal evidence in support of this.
@@andrewesther4705 What about the forthcoming collusion with Andromeda?
3:56.....supernova poop.... Lol. I love that.
You are so fantastic explaining the things that is hard to explain.
My daughter wants to be an astronom.
I have always loved space and space technology.
Dr. Hugh Ross (Ph.D, Astronomy) in his books describes at least 10 habitable zones (according to scientific discoveries over the last 20 years) that the Earth inhabits simultaneously. In addition, he discusses in his lectures and writings hundreds of ways in which this planet, this solar system, this galaxy, etc. are fine-tuned to permit advanced civilization to exist and flourish at this particular time in the history of our planet and galaxy. (His website: reasons.org)
Your link is a Bible site. What a disapointment. Earth is always going to be the best planet for complex organisms that evolved here and haven't been modified. We most likely derived from spontaneous actions and reactions. But, if "God" wanted to raise pure colonies, he would spread them out to avoid cross contamination. Wide spread solar systems are like bacterial isolation on a streaked petri dish. If we are someone's experiment, he fails my ethics review.
Fun video, hope ya feel better soon!
1) Fascinating, insightful, funny at times, and at a low enough level I could understand.
2) Consider that ideally spaced, sub lethal, energetic emissions may be necessary for either biogenesis or accelerated evolution.
3) Think not less of me when I say you're darling cute, and that is independent of your erudition. It's simply delightful of itself.
4) Be well. More folks like you are an unmixed good.
The way I heard the joke is more about optimizing environment control (temperature, heat in winter, cooling in summer) in the cowshed. You first start assuming that cows are spherical, with an infinite number of legs spread uniformly across their surface.
You know, cows.
Dr Becky, you are emphasising the importance of this planet within its goldilocks zone and how we are changing the environment to make it less habitable. I like your talks. Thank you.
I didn't realize a supernova could cause problems for life on planets orbiting other stars. It gives me a new appreciation for the power of a supernova. Are there any hints that a supernova could have caused any of the mass extinctions here on earth?
Wow, that is a really brilliant question that person posed. I'm just a layman but I tend to try and follow recent developments and ideas as best I can, and I don't think I've ever seen anyone talk about the idea that our relative isolation plays a roll all the way up to the universe level.
The whole idea of a galactic habitable zone became more interesting with the publication this week of a paper entitled "The Large-Scale Ionization Cones in the Galaxy", which describes a Seyfert flare which occurred in the Milky way some 3.5 million years ago. SagA* was the likely culprit, as evidenced by two Fermi bubbles emanating from the galaxy's core. Such an event would have likely sterilized much of the inner part of the galaxy, given that the brightness of the flare was reportedly equivalent to many thousands of supernovae going off at once. Scary stuff, remind me never to visit the galaxy's inner regions.
Does the habitable zone take into account pressure?
Like looking at all pressures and temperatures that could have liquid water?
Another question is could we have a different liquid like CO2, H2S, or methane that could possible replace water as a media for life to form. What would that habitable zone look like?
Dr. Becky - Based on what you have just said - lets think about the most habitable time. That would be the time in a solar system - or galaxy, when it is best for life. Too early or too late means less, or no, life.
Love your work Dr.
Like always the most convenient spot is in the most boring, because average, area. It seems CHANGES, the thing that makes life interesting, does not match with the option to live at all. So we and other life-forms must get along with boring conditions, that are pretty stable and lack sudden events. Otherwise they won't have a chance to start existence at all.
Thanks for this nice video
I really like the "clean" backdrop for the youtube talks, I don't think that corner needs decoration
The problem with the idea that a larger galaxy will be safer than a small one that has the same star formation rate is that if you can't move between star systems to get insurance by spreading out, you are just as hosed if a supernova goes off in kill range when you are in a large galaxy as in a small one, and if the star formation rate per unit volume is the same, the supernova rate per unit volume will also be the same.
Hope you feel better soon! The Milky Way is so close to being in that perfect zone. What helps out Earth in our Solar System is that there isn't much around us. We are a big Galaxy, but Andromeda is much bigger which makes it not quite the perfect place. I wonder if Earth was in the Andromeda Galaxy if we would be safer? But, even with all the Local Group Galaxies we are quite alone in this part of the Universe which is a big plus for us though.
New to tour channel, I will be subscribing. You did an excellent job of explaining this, I'm still trying to wrap my mind around the concept of how massive and diverse this universe is, thank you for putting some of it into prospective for me.
I love me some Dr. Becky. An astronomer with personality!
Respect for your perseverance
Thank you Dr. Becky! I guess it's time for colds to start, since schools are back and everyone starts sharing! Hope you feel better! Very interesting video. I just think it's a miracle for life to exist, period! When you think of all the variables that have to occur in the right sequence through billions of years without a extinction event that wipes out the planet! Well I'm guessing that someone has figured out a probability but I don't know how in the world you could account for all the variables. Anyway, I'm just thinking out loud on paper! See what you started!
I really love watching your channel and I still have to buy your book! Thanks again and take care. Your friend in New Mexico, Kim. 🤠🐎
Great video Dr. Becky! The absolute most habitable zone that I know of is a Spa located on a Carribean Island at the waters edge!
This was extremely interesting and l also had never really thought much about cosmic goldilocks zones. We probably tend to assume that a spiral galaxy like ours in an underdense region of space and with a small and mostly dormant SMBH would be optimum for life, because here we are. But we could easily be a statistical outlier and perhaps our galaxy is far less ideal than we imagine.
Another home run in this vlog. Thanks
You've also spoken of Super Voids. Using the Earth as the Control regarding Habitability, Super Voids should be candidates for Universal Habitable Zones since we dwell in one. More Rare Earth Hypothesis stuff...
You managed again to find an interesting subject that other channels (that I follow) don't really talk about.
You need stars with good metalicity. You need a small accretion disc around the proto star (the sun's was shaven off by another star close by 4 billion years ago). You need a star that is not going in and out of the arms of a Galaxy (if it has arms). The sun is just orbiting the center of the Galaxy fast enough to stay ahead of such an arm. There are so many more variables.
when I hear about scientist talking about a habitable zone, it's usually about a planet that is thousands and thousands of light-years away. They look at planets in the "Goldilocks" zone around a star. I sometimes feel like we are looking too far away. Now, I have no idea where all we have looked but if Earth is in the habitable zone of the solar system which is in the galactic habitable zone of the Milky way which is in the Universe habitable zone, I would assume the ring of the Milky way we are cruising around would be more likely to have another Earth like planet.
I'd like to believe that somewhere out there is a civilization on a watery planet with a dynamo around a small slowly rotating K-type star in the galactic habitable zone of a fossil galaxy away from dense superclusters...who are also smart enough not to squander their super-habitable marble for unsustainable economic expansion.
It may be the purpose of intelligent life to collapse high order energy into entropy and when that's done, so are we. Intelligent life might be like a forest fire. With a sufficient build up of flammable floor litter a fire emerges to feed off that store of high energy order. Once done, its over and out for the fire.
Kepler-186f is probably the most habitable exoplanet that we know of. The only problem is that it’s 500+ ly away. Also, there’s undoubtedly a closer candidate because Kepler only monitored 1/400th of the sky, so there’s another 399/400th of the sky to look in.
Nitpicking - metals in Astronomy are elements above Helium, AFAIK (see the search of the mythical Generation 3 stars...) . Also, it wasn't Sheldon, but Leonard who talked about the spherical cows.
Dr Becky, there is also an Ultraviolet Habitible Zone too, and Earth is in the midst of it. New Studies are out about the Ultraviolet Habitible Zone, and no Red Dwarf has the Liquid Water and Ultraviolet Habitable Zones in the same area. Their only Concurrent around Stars just like our Sun. Please do a show about this, and the Rare Earth Hypothesis...
Can you talk about Laniakea specifically in a future video ? Also I love your outtakes at the end of the videos.
Hi Dr. Becky. Perhaps the most pesky conflict to all these theories is having absolute control over each variable.
I have heard that our local group of galaxies is at the edge of a giant void. Is this so, and could you put a "you are here" arrow on a diagram of the Laneakea collection of clusters and super clusters. Might being on the edge of a void provide some protection from the quasar/hypermasive black hole/gamma ray exposure, provided there was already enough "metals" to form planets?
Periodic table for Astronomers...😂🤣😇...love it!
Bless you for powering through the crud and still giving us some science
Being a former biologist, I assumed that solar systems were essentially petri dishes where life could thrive, but if that life didn't evolve a mechanism to leave that system and spread out through the galaxy, then it would die. So, solar systems are self destructing incubators with time limits. But, I believe that galaxies could scale that way as well. It may be that one or a few species might be the dominant lifeform in a galaxy. It is quite possible that we could be a form of Clarke's Firstborn. I am not sure that life could spread to other galaxies due to the distances. However, William H. Keith has a story where the galaxy is being tamed 4 billion years in the future and being engineered. The merger with Andromeda is just another phase of that galactic engineering. The Sol system seems to be in a galactic sweet spot, especially if SgrA* had a Seyfert event 4 million years ago. Cosmobiology is just science fiction at this point until they have found another planet's biosphere to test their theories. Life may be quite common, but intelligent life is probably quite rare. Thus far, we have a sample of 1 as far as habitable planets. Until we find other habitable planets, such papers will be speculative at best. As Pratchett said, "Street lights are pretty rare in the Universe." But, then, so are trees as far as I know.
There's no point of thinking in terms of galactic Goldilock zones because the distance becomes to great to study. Take it one at the time from nearest to farther out. It could be you find life outside the Goldilocks zone like on the moon Europa under the ice cap.
Dr Becky - can you make a video concerning these new Saturn moons, please? 👍
As always l enjoyed learning more from you. Silly me I thought that that star on your desk was a decoration. Found out it's an award. TEE-HEE my face is red. Peace love & stardust. TomCat
🎶😜🎶 Largest number this year... of missions....all in the name of science. Hope you feel better. PS: Great Video✌😀
The questions is why those stars are forming AS groups, is there any criteria OR properties?
If we filled a colors plastic balls into a cup of water AND spills it over the table then we CAN see that there are some criteria those forming in group ( if those are bigbang as you told in the series )
Book was fantastic, keep up the good work. When is the second volume out?
Regarding "spherical cows in a vacuum", kinetic theory of gases is based on ideal gas, a huge oversimplification not unlike those cows, but it nevertheless gives extremely useful results.
Hay, Dr Becky. Do a show on the surrounding stars that can go super nova like Beettlejuice, Antares and IK Pegasi. And maybe any others I need to be unnecessary afraid of. =].
didn't WHAT THE MATH describe a super duper massive galaxy that fits this description, a big, globular hazy super galaxy that puts ours to shame ? a place like that should be goldilocks heaven
I understand that astrophysicists have lots of evidence that the universe had a beginning when all space, time and matter were created. What interests me is that it appears to agree with the very first sentence of a book that was written 3,500 years ago. "In the beginning [time] God created the heavens [space] and the earth [matter]."
Super massive black hole: exists
The sign: DO NOT FEED
There could be habitable zone under the surface of planets where there is hidden water and possible a hidden hydro-logical cycle. This would expand the habitable zones around stars and various planet types. For example a huge ball of H20 floating within Jupiter with oceanic life?
Earth like planets are good templates of habitability. Earth like in this context means similar air pressures and atmospheric compositions to Earth, as well as similar surface temperatures and minimal radiation concerns. Specific conditions like these are probably not very common. Proxima C appears fairly likely to have those conditions, as are the Trappist C D and E planets, as well as at least a few Gliese worlds.
Re: Supernova lethality. If your planet is in orbit around the star as it goes supernova, then you probably don't have to worry about the radiation killing you. Your home-world getting ripped apart by the solar tsunami will be much more of a problem. It's the guys in the next system over that has to worry about the new radiation source in the sky that you can see during the day, even if you are looking beside your own star to see it.
I'm so proud of my mom nd dad🌳❤️🌻
We over estimated the matterial valable in space. Most planets are bigger then earth. Even bigger then Jupiter. So don't blame our abnormalities on Jupiter. Our Sol might be cloud that broke off from main nebula
That's kind of a stretch. The fact that we've discovered mostly planets larger than Earth has a lot more to do with the fact that with current technology, they're a lot easier to detect.
@@NotHPotter but still so many super earth . And super Jupiters. It's safe to say there's enough matterials at Edge of the Galaxy
I've been wondering lately that maybe the answer to the Fermi paradox is you need enough generations of stars to die in an area to provide all the heavier elements that make our modern lifestyle possible.
All those elements that are part of the planet as it forms sink towards the center. So you would need enough left over in the asteroids and such that enough hits the planet to not only make life possible, which isn't much, and enough for an intelligent species to become advanced.
cool! You taught me what collimated means… Also spherical cows in a vacuum would explosively decompress, I would switch to raising pigs, then you would get BACON!! I know, It’s not fair to the piggies, but it taste so good!
Do you want to where the most habitable place in the universe is? Do you want to know the truth? The truth is that the Earth is not only the singularly the most habitable place in the universe, but when you look at it, it is of endless beauty. If anyone wants to find somewhere else to live, then they seriously need to take another good look at the Earth. The abundance of life on Earth is truly awesome, the beauty of life in the vast ocean is sooh amazing, the mineral kingdom from a grain of sand to the crystals is absolutely stunning, the range of the flora and fauna is virtually unending in range and beauty. the whole place and everything on it and in it is the best best place to be and we need to be looking after it and everything on it. This imaginative narrative of is there some place elsewhere that either could support life or is there another planet with life supporting capabilities and the like is so meaningless. The ridiculous distances of the modern deluded astronomers have attributed to the heavenly bodies makes any chance of ever reaching one of them totally impossible, so whats the point of the conjecture? What's the point with the idea of aliens? Well it all helps the psychopaths of the Cabal to convince you there is no such thing as creation, especially if you smoke ' an Einsteinian "Big Bong"
Love the NASA t-shirt, makes me want to wear my FE hoodie!! Haha!
If the assumption is that the environment must be very stable for eons then you are left with only solutions where that part of the universe is at the end of its active space-life (as opposed to human-life) cycle. A useful habitat doesn't need to exist that long to support life. (OK life on Earth has been around for 4 billion years, with a few setbacks, but if we are looking for environments that we could seed or might not have had those setbacks, maybe it could be much shorter.)
So my point is there could be sweet spots that could be great habitats between the various disasters you cited (Gamma bursts, supernovas etc.) as long as the mean time between life destroying disasters was not unreasonable. That would greatly increase the number of suitable habitats.
I would make an analogy with 50 year and 100 year flood zones (or earthquake, hurricane, etc.). It might seem a bad idea to live in a flood zone, but then again if they are rare enough and you need housing you take the risk. So, some of the habitats that are being ruled out as risky might be great locations, perhaps even better in terms of resources and events that stimulate life. So I would look at the stellar, galactic, and wider universal (clusters etc) evolution and consider not just location but the MTBLDD (mean time between life destroying disasters) to allow for some additional golden zones. What is a good number for MTBLDD? 1 Billion years? 0.5Billion?
One other point to note regarding supernovae is that the last nearby Supernovae was from a OB association of stars around 400+ light years from Earth about 2.5 million years ago which is one of a number of relatively close supernova over the last 20 million or so years and we technically are still inside their now quite diffuse remnant. So at the very least 400 light years is far enough away for life to do just fine. A more controversial idea with surprisingly strong evidence suggests that these supernovae may have driven the rise in fire based ecology and grasslands observed in the fossil record around this time. The evidence is based off simulations which show that at around 400 ly the energy predominately is deposited into the upper troposphere where it lowers the threshold for storms to generate lightning activity which would account for the rise in fire prevalence. Given how this ecological shift seems to have driven our ancestors onto the path towards hominids it is quite possible that without nearby supernovae we would not be here to contemplate the habitability of the universe. ;)
Still loving your V Logs, keep em coming.