Read and write Hmong: Vowels

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  • čas přidán 23. 10. 2014
  • This video is to help those who want to learn how to read and write Hmong. I know there are tons of videos out there that teach you how, but some have different teaching styles, some charge money, and some aren't clean. Hopefully This helps people out who wish to learn how to read and write. I think it's important to know how to read and write Hmong to keep the Hmong language and culture living and vibrant. Let me know if you have any suggestions on how I can improve teaching it. Thanks.

Komentáře • 232

  • @KXV237
    @KXV237 Před 5 lety

    Omfg!!! Where have you been all my life!? I speak Hmong perfectly but suck at reading and writing!!! I’m about to master this!!! Thank you!!!!!!!!!

  • @mamabear0123
    @mamabear0123 Před 8 lety +33

    WOW! You're better than me!!!!!! RESPECT!

  • @gozu9455
    @gozu9455 Před 4 lety +1

    To my understanding "moos" is also a borrowedword which means hour in thai/loatian used in conjuction with "khwwb" is the english equavalence of "o'clock".
    [example- yim moos khwwb > eight oclock].
    the last time i ever heard that compound word being thrown around in a conversation was when i was still living in thailand.
    this video is very concise yet thorough. you did an amazing job both at speaking and understanding the language. i am a native hmong speaker fluint in both green and white dialect (24 years of experience) you got my seal of approval 😁👏 🍾

  • @mosthoj3
    @mosthoj3 Před 6 lety

    👏👏👏👏👏👏 keep it up! No matter what anyone says, keep the culture alive. Not many Hmong kids know or understand to speak/write/read Hmong anymore. I don't care what anyone says, if you know it, share it! 🙌 I hope this will inspire a Hmong child to want to learn their native tongue!

  • @BottledUpFunk
    @BottledUpFunk Před 9 lety

    Seriously...you speak better Hmong than myself and most of my friends. Props to you and a huge THANK YOU for these videos.

  • @sukanya110
    @sukanya110 Před 6 lety

    I am Hmong in Thailand, I just discover your video you are very intelligent in hmong language you can speak it better than me. Kkk very love your voice.!

  • @tfcaby
    @tfcaby Před 9 lety

    I remember learning this over 10 years ago which did help me learn my own native language better. Thanks for posting. You did a really good job.

  • @0919jx
    @0919jx Před 8 lety

    Yog lis yaj muas hais lawm, yog peb ncov hmoob tsis kawm thiab qhia peb ncov lus hmoob dau cov me nyuam xaj maim no ces peb tej lus hmoob no yuav tuag mus ib sim, yog tug mes kas no kawm laib, cov hais neeg hmoob yeej kawm tau thiab tiam sis peb coob tug toob keeg xwb tsis xav kawm, yaj muas koj ua tau zoo kawm lawm, superb

  • @nmcreep165
    @nmcreep165 Před 8 lety

  • @vanessavang2163
    @vanessavang2163 Před 6 lety

    Wow, you speak hmong better than I do! I have ben in the states since 1979, plus I am married to a very traditional family! Awesome to you!

  • @xeebxiong1577
    @xeebxiong1577 Před 9 lety +6

    Glad there's someone who appreciate our Hmong and our Pride :D
    Hmoob ALL THE WAY!
    You're pretty good with your Hmoob reading, writing, and speaking. Its almost fluent :D Keep it up and don't lose sight of it. Yes, the younger generation will not know what Hmoob is in the future, but its our job to teach them and when we teach them, we need to teach them proudly and say proudly that we're HMOOB!

  • @IamKALORFUL
    @IamKALORFUL Před 9 lety

    You speak such perfect Hmong. Bravo!

  • @melissaxiong94
    @melissaxiong94 Před 8 lety +2

    The language is slowly dying. A lot of young Hmong Americans who grew up with parents who were raised in the US are no longer speaking the language. What you are doing IS important. Your tone lesson was really helpful; I couldn't find many that thoroughly explains the difference between each. Thank you for taking your time to create these lessons. Much appreciated.

  • @Ka15hek
    @Ka15hek Před 6 lety +7

    Amen brother! Hmong is, indeed, a beautiful language & you...YOU are extremely impressive! The romanticism of it, is why I remade "Nco Kuv Me Me." We need more people appreciate this beautiful language.

  • @payang5485
    @payang5485 Před 9 lety

    It always fascinates me to see others speak the Hmong language. Kuv zoo siab tias koj tau los kawm hais lus Hmoob thiab tseem xav qhia ntawv Hmoob rau lawm tus. Av tsij kawm ntxiv thiab hais lus Hmoob kom yus txawj nawb!!

  • @Malentina7520
    @Malentina7520 Před 9 lety

    Zoo Kawg Li os. Zoo siab ua koj tseem los qhia peb cov lus hmoob thiab.

  • @TheMrRomely
    @TheMrRomely Před 9 lety

    Wow! You're way better than the younger Hmong generation.

  • @bbaox4408
    @bbaox4408 Před 9 lety

    Your hmong is very fluent and I completely agree with you that the hmong culture is starting to die as each generation goes on. I just think what you are doing is amazing. Thank you for spreading the word and helping others enjoy and learn hmong;)

  • @kxtone
    @kxtone Před 7 lety

    Without the video and just hearing you speak, I couldn't even tell you are not Hmong, that is how good your Hmong. MAD respect ...

  • @upondlite
    @upondlite Před 9 lety +1

    You're like... the ideal son-in-law in a hmong family.

  • @chawtshuachannel7273
    @chawtshuachannel7273 Před 6 lety

    phooj ywg koj hais peb cov lus hmoob tau meej kawg li os zoo siab nrog koj nawb

  • @MaisieLor
    @MaisieLor Před 7 lety

    koj nyeem thiab sau tau ntawv hmoob zoo kawg thiab koj tseem hais lus hmoob meej kawg li.

  • @peevxwmhawj3888
    @peevxwmhawj3888 Před 5 lety +1

    Hi, Collin! Wow.....you have done an excellent job! Keep up the good work, brother! When ever you speak Hmong, you have the perfect Hmong's accent. Thanks so much for learning Hmong, brother! Peace! Thanks!

  • @panupattanapoonpol3055

    It's great of you to conserve Hmong language even though it's not your mother tongue
    .

  • @pie00infinite
    @pie00infinite Před 8 lety

    I support you... You definitely have it down ... Good Job!!! I am magick..the last Va Hmong.. Surpassing shamans and talking to ancestors!!! The way you speak it is how I speak it too..

  • @user-dl1xf2ez1k
    @user-dl1xf2ez1k Před 9 lety

    AMAZING!! Collin!! So clear and no mistakes:) great job!! When you have the time, try speaking Hmong green dialect, or maybe you already know how too. But that's not the point, point is, this is amazing and that you are willing to help others as well. God bless you and so great to know we have strong believers and that nothing in this world will divide or apart us from our father. Vajtswv foom koob hmoov rau koj thiab ua tsaug rau koj, yog li ntawd zoo kawg paub peb muaj muaj zog cov ntseeg thiab hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav faib los yog sib nrug peb los ntawm peb leej txiv.

    • @collinsmith7572
      @collinsmith7572  Před 9 lety

      Haha thanks. But yeah i actually speak a fair bit of green hmong as well. Its a little more difficult for me to speak it as fluently because I have to think before i speak to make sure i say things write and use the right words. But thanks for your kind words

  • @Calcifurr
    @Calcifurr Před 9 lety

    Hey Collin! I'm hmong and am from California. I saw your videos on prepare to serve and was so impressed! You're awesome! You should come to California for the Hmong New Years during December in Fresno. I've seen plenty of Mormons who come and experience the Hmong New Years. I think you would love a great experience like that. Hope to see you around! :)

  • @hnialee9348
    @hnialee9348 Před 8 lety +1

    wow I'm so happy that there's people out there like you that find our language is fascinating. you speak it very well. thank you so much for this video. it will help so much people. much love from the Hmong peole

  • @lolforu7257
    @lolforu7257 Před 9 lety

    Hello I'm Mouachee Vang, there's not a lot of people that are really interested in Hmong culture but its pretty cool that you learned it aand spoke really good. Yes my name is weird..... Teachers can't pronounce it right, it always starts with a MMM OWW or MMOOOO. -.- it's just Moua then chee

  • @evsfunchannel1731
    @evsfunchannel1731 Před 8 lety

    Wow, I am very impressed with your Hmong. You are extremely fluent, hands down you can speak much better than most Hmong teens nowadays.

  • @asianpersuasionbby
    @asianpersuasionbby Před 8 lety

    thank you for this video. will have to watch it again until I speak Hmong as good as you.

  • @Oddlymysterious1
    @Oddlymysterious1 Před 9 lety +3

    Hello! So I stumbled on your videos because I'm really interested in learning the Hmong language. My bf is Hmong and I'm Filipino. He taught me some words and phrases but I want to be able to really understand and have a conversation with others. I saw this video is a year old but I hope you're still able to make other videos like this. I know you're intention on making these videos were mostly for ppl who want to learn how to read and write in Hmong, but if you're able to expand this such as teaching a non-native speaker Hmong and having full conversations in Hmong that would be awesome!! Thank you for making these videos! I really hope you can make more :)

  • @pajtxivduaj9980
    @pajtxivduaj9980 Před 7 lety

    koj hais lus hmoob tau zoo heev li os

  • @tousshong9438
    @tousshong9438 Před 8 lety

    Excellent video! I'll have to ask my 16 year old son to watch this video and perhaps it will motivate him start to learn to speak, read and write Hmong. I myself was pretty much grow up here in the US and couldn't write or read that good either. LOL. You do have a valid point, if you're Hmong then you should at least speak your native tongue to keep your culture alive at the minimum. Thanks!

  • @tswvxyasxiong1744
    @tswvxyasxiong1744 Před 4 lety

    Brother you speaking Hmong really well

  • @mellowm3lo
    @mellowm3lo Před 9 lety +2

    I am so impressed!!!!!!!!!!!!
    I am hmong I understand you very well.

  • @theAlliecat51
    @theAlliecat51 Před 9 lety +2

    Wisconsin represent~ I'm white(not that race is important, just I was only taught english as a child) and have been trying to find a way to learn Hmong because I'm dating a Hmong guy, but it's hard for him to teach me. Thanks for explaining so clearly! Lots of respect dude!

  • @chasingshadows9559
    @chasingshadows9559 Před 8 lety

    you are the hmong kids savior

  • @CuaKay
    @CuaKay Před 9 lety

    OMGGGG. Not a lot people I know even know khwwb! You are awesome and your effort to learn a different language is appealing :D

  • @chris03cha
    @chris03cha Před 7 lety

    Thanks Collin for helping our Hmong people out such as myself who's been waiting for this moment. Keep it up and don't let the negative people effect your calling for helping our Hmong people. 🤗

  • @BigBossChino
    @BigBossChino Před 8 lety +22

    You speak Hmong better than some Hmong kids.

    • @collinsmith7572
      @collinsmith7572  Před 8 lety +8

      +Tou Vang hey dude thats uncalled for. To be honest, the sad thing is is that I do speak better than some kids but does that make me better than them as a person? Definitely not. I just want to help people learn how to read and write so they can have the opportunity to learn someday. But back to the original point, saying stuff like that is disrespectful. :(

    • @paubtxhuasyam5774
      @paubtxhuasyam5774 Před 7 lety

      Why do you like to compare one to another?

    • @maiyang1118
      @maiyang1118 Před 5 lety

      Not just kids, better than some adults too. You’re so fluent. Good job!!!

  • @zouakhang6171
    @zouakhang6171 Před 9 lety

    I still say that word with the two ww. I'm surprise you don't hear a lot of people saying it. Thanks, I just learned even more. I actually learned how to read hmong from sing hmoob christian music.

  • @BUTTERFLY75ful
    @BUTTERFLY75ful Před 9 lety

    Awesome!!! You are doing a great job!!! My brother is currently a missionaries in Utah.
    Yes, very true that Hmong culture are beautiful! Thank you for your video!!

  • @fleurdopium
    @fleurdopium Před 9 lety +3

    Dear Colin,
    I'm a Hmong girl living in France and i just discover your videos. And i found it amazing that you could speak Hmong so well, better than me ! ;)
    I'm proud of you, of your hard working, of your interest about our culture.
    You are in the good way to find a Hmong girlfriend, yep ! ;)
    Receive all my encouragements, please continue like that.
    Hope to have news from you soon, here.
    Have a beautiful day !

    • @collinsmith7572
      @collinsmith7572  Před 9 lety +2

      Haha, well it's a little difficult to even find a Hmong girl to date because I don't live near any Hmong people in the first place. Ah, whatevers, if that's supposed to happen then it will happen! :P But yeah, I love Hmong people!!! :D

    • @g-yaj
      @g-yaj Před 9 lety

      Collin Smith Ahhh you're so cute D: ..... But uhhh yeah, you could easily get a hmong girlfriend lol. Koj hais lus Hmoob zoo tshaj kuv. :(

  • @abbey.belamour
    @abbey.belamour Před 8 lety

    Collin, I'm super stoked that I've stumble onto your channel. I'm in my mid 40's and have been in US for about 40 years. Much of my Hmong is lost and these days, I can barely carry a decent conversation with my mom without stumbling. I'm going do my best to learn from you. Bless you for sharing & keep them coming. Take care. -Abbey (Maiv Hnub Lis) Marcum.

  • @joyyang7090
    @joyyang7090 Před 9 lety

    Wow... this video is the most helpful video ever... thank you so much for making this video.

  • @samanthamoua1109
    @samanthamoua1109 Před 6 lety

    Being Hmong myself I’m extremely happy someone actually wants to keep our culture alive. Of course I do to but what you said is actually true. A lot of kids in this generation doesn’t really know Hmong. I have a Hmong friend but she never speaks Hmong nor understands which disappoints me. I’m actually glad I got to go to a school where they taught my language( i mean it was a Hmong school.) but anyway, I know lots of Hmong because my parents are more on the older side and they always speak Hmong to us so I’m really glad I got to learn my language. They only sad thing is that my little sister doesn’t know much Hmong, and I really wish and want to keep our culture alive. But anyway this video is great and keep up the good work!❤️

  • @nkaujzoolauj
    @nkaujzoolauj Před 8 lety

    We will not let our culture and language die away....we will try our best to make it Live forever in this work, that writing is not our real writing, our real write that God gave to us Hmong was Phaj Hauj..

  • @hmoobcrafting9358
    @hmoobcrafting9358 Před 9 lety

    This is really amazing and especially how well you speak our language! Thumbs up to you! From now on I will need you to translate for my Mom whenever she goes to the hospital...lol...and your accent is barely noticeable.

  • @naniecow2
    @naniecow2 Před 8 lety +1

    I'm obsessed with you! You are simple amazing. Thank you!

  • @teevangvang6720
    @teevangvang6720 Před 6 lety

    thank you for you to learn Hmong language

  • @cerithah
    @cerithah Před 7 lety

    wow i dont even speak hmong i jelly right now but when i learn i will put a video out....you motivate me

  • @republiccan5203
    @republiccan5203 Před 9 lety

    Thov qhuas koj os. Koj txawj hais thiab txawj qhia kawg li.

  • @hmoob-lom_zem.chanel3389

    zoo siab tsaj uas tau paub koj miskas tseem hais tau lus hmoob meej tshaj plawg thiab tsis tas li ntawv koj tseem qhia ntawv hmoob thiab. vam thiab cia siab tias ib hnub twg kuv tau ntsib koj es sib kawm txog ntau yam lus zoo xws li uas luag lwm haiv neeg li lus...xin chân thành cảm ơi!!!

    • @yogi00700
      @yogi00700 Před 8 lety

      +Phong Thao Trying to read this after watching the video. I am not sure how good I am doing.

  • @littlecraft1o1animesong51

    Oh shitt you speak Hmong so good and very fluent

  • @Def_notmaddie
    @Def_notmaddie Před 7 lety

    It's funny because I can hear your English has a Hmong accent lol which is totally fine and cool!

  • @YANGBEAUTE
    @YANGBEAUTE Před 9 lety

    This is amazing! I'm so proud and astounded!! :) Keep up the good work & thank you for spreading your knowledge of the Hmong language!

  • @davisyong48
    @davisyong48 Před 9 lety

    I agreed your tutorial is good for people who would like to learn how to read and write in Hmong. I just want to throw some suggestions here. It is good to start with simple vowels(single vowels), and then introduce the single consonants. It is also important to learn how to combine single consonants with single vowels first and make sure to be fluent. Once the understanding of this concept has been developed, then introduce the tones and how to use the tones with the single consonants and single vowels all together. Learn this until very fluent, then move onto the harder vowels(double vowels) and double consonants. It might be a little harder for non-Hmong speakers because of its pronunciation, but it should be very easy for Hmong speakers to learn. IMO, if follows this mentioned steps, then it should not take more than 2 months to become fluent in reading and writing in Hmong for Hmong speakers.

  • @hmongkoreachannel7796
    @hmongkoreachannel7796 Před 5 lety

    Support hmong thanks your so much friend

  • @tiayang2125
    @tiayang2125 Před 8 lety +2

    Thanks for the video! I bought a kid's book in Hmong but can't read it YET. This shall help!

  • @phouayang282
    @phouayang282 Před 7 lety

    Wow dude, you're amazing! This video is great for folks like me. I'm Hmong but never learned to read or write so this is perfect for training the English brain haha. Keep on keepin' on brother!

  • @KLYang40
    @KLYang40 Před 9 lety

    Great video. Zoo kawg nkaus os Yaj Muas.

  • @zerozero9642
    @zerozero9642 Před 9 lety

    Wow, your Hmong's pretty good. I'm impressed. Your Hmong is better than a lot of Hmong kids these days. And considering how short you have learned it. I have been here for ten years and I'm still struggling with English. (Well the tense are always tough). Watching your video makes me want to learn a new language. :D

  • @NraugOoYaj
    @NraugOoYaj Před 9 lety

    Your Hmong is very good! Better than some Hmong kids I know.

  • @beeztrapz
    @beeztrapz Před 7 lety

    I literally just watched every video you have. I'm very impress with you. Keep up the great work. So proud of you.

  • @Sh1znitz
    @Sh1znitz Před 9 lety +11

    holy fuck he is better than ME and im full blood hmong!!!! smh mad respects to this man

    • @MiNgiJav
      @MiNgiJav Před 9 lety

      Haha totally agree he is better than ME!!! LOVE IT!

  • @kabaolo001
    @kabaolo001 Před 9 lety +1

    I want to say thank you so much for teaching how to read and write hmong! It is super helpful! I'm hmong but I can't read or write :( I look forward to seeing more videos and to learn more! Thanks again and keep it up!

  • @daygold886
    @daygold886 Před 7 lety

    hais lus hmoob meej tshaj kuv lawm thiab. ntsim kuv kawg li os.

  • @kristyyang94
    @kristyyang94 Před 6 lety

    This is great! Thanks for the awesome tips!

  • @F4MuHSx
    @F4MuHSx Před 9 lety

    You honestly give me chills and I love it! You're amazing at Hmong and in all honestly you're so much better than I am. I really really really wish I could meet you in person and converse with you. Keep going! You're amazing and you're an inspiration.

  • @tyyoungyoung2395
    @tyyoungyoung2395 Před 5 lety

    Keep it up bro.. koj hais lus hmoob heev li.. os npawg.....

  • @crisscrossyang1222
    @crisscrossyang1222 Před 6 lety

    you are too good about speaking Hmong,I'm that respect that bro...

  • @svthao09
    @svthao09 Před 9 lety +1

    My parents family use khwwb all the time. Great job. Your pronunciations are very good. I'm actually very proud of you.

    • @collinsmith7572
      @collinsmith7572  Před 9 lety

      Aww yea, use that khwwb! I think it's an awesome word, but I don't think to use it for some reason.

  • @YawgHmoobLaus
    @YawgHmoobLaus Před 9 lety

    Simply amazing brother!

  • @kspell9649
    @kspell9649 Před 9 lety

    This is wonderful Collin Thank you for your dedication... my hubby needs to learn now

  • @mbmarch5662
    @mbmarch5662 Před 8 lety +1

    Collin, this is awesome! I am going to have my husband learn Hmong from you!

  • @OUTT1E
    @OUTT1E Před 9 lety

    Much LOVE and respect to you brother. Please keep making videos. I am going to follow you and share your videos with my wife and daughter. Thank you!

  • @ratree2594
    @ratree2594 Před 8 lety

    You are awesome! Koj hais tau lus hmoob zoo heev li.

  • @jesikamoua8848
    @jesikamoua8848 Před 5 lety

    Dangggggggg!!!!! Your Hmong is hella good!!!! I cant even read hmoob. 🤦‍♀️ youz a Pro. Keep it up! 👍🏼

  • @2007supersunny
    @2007supersunny Před 9 lety

    Great job! You are amazing n very talented. I'm glad this is one language you loved to learn... I totally agree our culture is beautiful n I would hate it to disappear. Your Hmong definitely is very well compared to even some Hmong

  • @tublaujkawmpaub899
    @tublaujkawmpaub899 Před 6 lety

    Nyob zoo. Koj hais lub hmoob tau zoo heev li. Congrats. Kuv subscribe koj lawm. Kuv yog hmoob nyob Laos

  • @thbestbuys
    @thbestbuys Před 8 lety

    Thank,trying to learn little Hmong and about there culture .

  • @jackieher5606
    @jackieher5606 Před 7 lety

    You're doing great bro! Keep up the good work! I regret not teaching my kids to speak Hmong and Khmer. They're mix.

  • @anfboi08
    @anfboi08 Před 9 lety

    This was helpful for a Hmong boy that doesnt speak hmoob. 👦

  • @chouaher8892
    @chouaher8892 Před 9 lety

    I am amazed!

  • @Dmansushi
    @Dmansushi Před 9 lety

    Excellent job!

  • @andyvang2115
    @andyvang2115 Před 9 lety

    koj hais lus hmoob zoo kawg li os tij luaj

  • @pavang1747
    @pavang1747 Před 9 lety

    Awesome video.

  • @ragingyoutuber8452
    @ragingyoutuber8452 Před 5 lety

    Wow, zoo heev! You are fluent at hmong! Keep studying.

  • @ValorieMim567
    @ValorieMim567 Před 7 lety +2

    I'm so happy to have found you! thank you!

    • @collinsmith7572
      @collinsmith7572  Před 7 lety +1

      mee thao hey I should have a website up soon! I'm trying to get it up in December. it should have reading and writing and then grammar videos plus more on it. add me on fb to keep updated with it.

    • @abcai754
      @abcai754 Před 7 lety +1

      mee thao wow I love the way you guys speak mom is Maisie I never heard so many why guy who can speak mom I very interested

  • @yengyang5870
    @yengyang5870 Před 8 lety

    Dude... your good!

  • @shadowfourgolf
    @shadowfourgolf Před 9 lety

    @Collin Smith, thanks for the video. Can you share the learning regiment that you went through during your Hmong language training?

  • @sweetdreams2867
    @sweetdreams2867 Před 7 lety +1

    Oh my god! you are amazing 😲😲😲😲

  • @boosweets9242
    @boosweets9242 Před 9 lety

    Nice hmong voice for you sir!

  • @shawn-5529
    @shawn-5529 Před 9 lety

    Legit. LDS must have a specific way of teaching because I can always tell when someone's Hmong is a result of them having served a mission. And I need to go to church.

  • @kylamassie3650
    @kylamassie3650 Před 6 lety

    Hi collin I hmong but I don't know to write hmong word but thanks your video I do now.

  • @jeanisfreakncool
    @jeanisfreakncool Před 9 lety

    You are so fluent! Holy shit! Good job. :)

  • @pab3channel740
    @pab3channel740 Před 6 lety

    Wow you speak hmong amazing

  • @kuakatiexiong
    @kuakatiexiong Před 9 lety

    Great job!.

  • @juliexiong9573
    @juliexiong9573 Před 9 lety

    Hi Collin yaj muas Smith,
    Kuv hu ua nkauj hnub ci xyooj, kuv zoo siab tias koj yog ib tug neeg uas muaj lub siab xav kawm txog peb cov hmoob cov lus. I am very proud of you and what you are doing right now, but I want to point out a thing about Hmong words. It is not your fault but our Hmong people's fault because they mix Lao and Hmong words altogether. Ex: the word Nyeem is not a Hmong word but a Lao word that Hmong elders like to use. Lo lus tiag yog Twm ntawv tsis yog nyeem ntawv. Unfortunately, our elders show the wrong way to speak Hmong because they mix all the time Lao and Hmong word together. So, our youth thinks that it is Hmong words, so they copy and say it. Hmong people take and write Lao words in Hmong spelling, and that is wrong to me.
    Anyways, be careful about which is Hmong word and Lao word. But above all, I love that you, a non-native Hmong speaker is so into our Hmong culture. And yes! We, Hmong should learn how to write, read, and speak our mother tongue.
    BRAVO!!!