How to speak Ancient Sumerian
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- čas přidán 25. 10. 2022
- Dr. Jay Crisostomo from the University of Michigan's Middle East Studies department joins Megan to talk about the sounds of Sumerian, and if we know what spoken Sumerian sounded like.
- Zábava
As one of the few people in the world who actually dares to sing in Sumerian, I was fascinated by this wonderful and insightful exchange. I try to do the best I can with pronunciation, but there is always an ancient Sumerian scribe in the back of my mind who pipes up every once in a while and says, “I can’t understand a single thing you’re saying!” 😀
I love your music!
I would like to see Sumerian language revived in Iraq. Internet could spread the use of language again. Imagine, from ancient clay tablets to modern day digital tablets. 2000 year gap 👍
It was a very informative interview, he explained in frank honesty what we know about the Sumerian language. Short and to the point. I hope to read his future publications.
That's again to Digital Hammurabi, your work is truly appreciated, and beneficial.
"...resist poor scholarship, always ask, how do you know that."
-Megan Lewis
I had seen a paper by Whittaker written in his quest to detect a Proto-Euphratean substrate from place names. Now I realize just how "cutting edge" it is to suggest any kind of phonetic reconstruction.
Omg I recognize Megan from her work with Bart Ehrman on his podcast 👍🏽
Summerians always spoke very briefly. I guess they like to summerize.
HAHAHAHA You must be Adad-this is such a Dumash joke it's practically Isin to repeat it...
@@fingernecklace4817 wtf is adad?
Thanks, Megan. I enjoyed this.
Excellent interview. It is clarifying a lot of questions I didn't know I had!
An interesting subject. Thanks Megan and Jay.
Speaker did a good job. And smart people love this channel ;-)
Next week I will try remembering the signs used by those people, I have managed to do the ones for King and mountain! Now to try all the other ones.
Interesting video. I’d like to share some recent research that might be helpful.
If you’re curious about the true sound of Sumerian, you should listen to Kurdish from Kirmaşan. According to the respected historian Soran Hamarash in his book “The Lost and Untold History of the Kurds,” the Kurdish spoken in Kirmaşan in Kurdistan is the closest dialect to Sumerian, which was an ancient Kurdish dialect or a Zagrosian dialect.
I recommend that you read the book yourself, but I can tell you some parts here. The book not only covers the Sumerians but also the Akkadians and others.
The Kurds (The Zagrosians) are the oldest population of Mesopotamia, i.e., the indigenous people. However, remember that the word “Kurd” is a collective name for all kinds of Kurds, i.e., an umbrella term.
Zagrosian/Proto-Kurdish: Spoken from approximately 15,000 to 5300 BCE. This was the oldest form of Kurdish, spoken in the Zagros Mountains and the surrounding plains.
Old Kurdish (OK): Spoken from approximately 5300 to 3000 BCE. During this time, languages like Sumerian, Hurrian, Lullubian, Gutian, and others were also spoken in the region.
Middle Kurdish (MK): Spoken from approximately 3000 BCE to 800 CE. During this period, the languages Median and Mannaean can be considered dialects of Middle Kurdish.
New Kurdish (NK): Spoken from approximately 800 CE to the present day and includes today’s Kurdish dialects.
Is Dr. Crisostomo referring to the Syllabary A texts? Does he have all the volumes of MSL behind him? :)
What does a river sound like? i.e. We make assumptions about rivers to answer this. So the question really is ‘What are valid assumptions we can make about rivers”? Also we know two English speakers can have problems with the sound of their own language! This for me was a fascinating discussion on the varying contexts of ancient tongues.
Hey, so like... Can we get that vowel/consonant chart at all? And read some words together? Or at least Mr. Chrisostomo could give us some clues, explanations of the more prominents traits/features of Sumerian pronounciation?
Thanks for the interview
hahahahaha Yeah, I mean... I know this may seem like a wildly presumptuous expectation I had no reason to have when I clicked on the video, but I suppose I thought it would at least contain some practical instructions regarding how to speak Sumerian...
The up to date working model of Sumerian phonology consists of 20 consonants. When working with languages that have a degree of construction in them, there will be two written forms. There is the formulaic construction form, and then the realization form. The point of the construction form is to establish a standard notation system to scientifically understand the language in a way that all researchers can agree on, it was built over the course of the language’s study. Anyone can make their own realization model by assigning actual phonemes to these formulae. I will give you both the construction model and the current theorized system of realization.
Construction model:
m n g̃
b d g
p t k
s š ḫ
z ř
r l
Again, the reason that the construction model is the way it is is simply because it is what the first Sumerian scholars presumed and was built up over time. Nowadays our models regarding how Sumerian was actually pronounced, a realized model, is a fair bit different.
You’ll notice there I only listed 16 consonants, that’s because that’s all that is written in the cuneiform. However in modern sumerology we have realized that there was also 4 invisible characters, those being a glottal stop, singular aspiration, a y and a w equivalent. So on the below realization model I will put those also. This realization model will be written in IPA transcription (international phonetic alphabet) and will align with the construction model’s ordering for ease of use.
Realized model:
/m n ŋ
p t k
pʰ tʰ kʰ
s ʃ x
t͡s t͡sʰ
r l
ʔ h
y w/
There are a few big ticket items here. Notably, there is no /b d g/. The reason why we know this is too much for more to answer here, but is googleable. So there was no Bilgamesh, instead there was Pilkamesh. And what we originally thought were /p t k/, were actually likely much breathier and harder-at least that’s what the Akkadians thought about Sumerian-which would probably be an aspiration mark, which is a slight h after the consonant. In English, our /p t k/ at the beginning of words is also aspirated-say “king” out loud and place your hand in front of your mouth and feel the air, that is the /kʰ/.
Another big ticket item is z and ř. The Akkadian word for “gold” was siparru, and for a while we thought in Sumerian it was zabar. It was always clear to us that this was a Kulturwort, what with s-p-r and z-b-r, but it turns out they were even closer as Sumerian construction z was actually /ts/, and as I already stated b was actually /p/. So Sumerian “gold” was /tsapar/, which is hilariously close to Akkadian /siparru/.
The final ticket item of note is that g̃, which was originally not speculated upon, we now know for almost complete sure that it was /ŋ/, which is the consonant of ‘ng’ in English king or sing.
Vowels are much more tricky and speculative than consonants are. In linguistics, consonants are always the more robust and long standing aspects of language. Vowels can shift once even in just two generations of humans, so they’re quite unstable. However, we have some ideas and there are a few modern model proposals with, in my opinion, good evidence to back.
First things first though, there is a construction model for vowels as well. The construction model is simple: a e i u. This is the construction model because Sumerian is filtered through the lens of Akkadian, which itself only had 4 vowels. The reason Akkadian had only 4 vowels is because Akkadian is a Semitic language and thus derived from Proto-Semitic, which itself only had 3 vowels, like Arabic, in: a i u. In Akkadian, a reduced to e often. So Akkadian speakers who heard Sumerian filtered the Sumerians vowel system through Akkadian’s 4 vowel system. The majority of relevant scholars today believe that Sumerian had more than the 4 vowels that Akkadian ascribes to it, this being the case because there are an overabundance of homonyms in Sumerian, Sumerian itself being a monosyllabic language. This is why construction Sumerian will have numerals in the subscript after many syllables. Like ma2, e3, kur2, etc. This has suggested to scholars that either Sumerian had tones, like modern day Chinese or Hausa, or there were more vowels. Scholars today tend to go for more vowels for various reasons that I don’t have time to get into here.
The system I personally agree with for Sumerian vowel realization is Eric J M Smith’s 2009 vowel harmony theory. Under his theory, Sumerian had 7 vowels, 6 of which were harmonious in the [-ATR]. If you don’t know what this is, search on CZcams “vowel harmony.”
The specific 7 vowels Smith reconstructs are:
/i e ɛ a o ɔ u/
In Smith’s model:
Akkadian i = Sumerian i
Akkadian e = Sumerian e or ɛ
Akkadian a = Sumerian a
Akkadian u = Sumerian o, ɔ, or u
If you don’t know what these vowels correspond to in real speech, Google “ipa chart” and listen to them individually.
I will now present to you a full Sumerian construction, and then my preferred realization with the consonant model and Smith’s vowel model:
ud re-a
ud su3-ra2 re-a
ĝi6 re-a
ĝi6 ba9-ra2 re-a
/ɔt rɛa
ɔt sura rɛa
ŋi rɛa
ŋi bara rɛa/
English transcription:
Ot rea
Ot soora rea
Ngi rea
Ngi bara rea
English translation:
In those days,
in those distant days,
in those nights,
in those remote nights,
@@fingernecklace4817See my comment above for a practical explanation and instructions.
koş means run in turkish,ata is the old turkic form for dad...cuneiforms were developed a few thousand years in turkmenistan before they were first used as a semitic language...5000-6000 bc...the semitic speaking communities took the ural altic tablets in cuneiform,and developed it...
the idea of sumerian was actually casdo scythian by jules oppert...
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Oohhhhhh, I missed it. If I were watching it live, I'd have asked if they had puns, or funny accent variations. Or if we have any way of knowing how accents marked people socially. Like, the way the southern US accent usually represents a specific cluster of values, education and ideas in mainstream culture. I always feel like written text misses a lot of these spoken nuances. ESPECIALLY, when translated.
Great question. We're unfortunate to not have Jay answering it.
sumerian language according to the sumerina scientist samoeal noh krimmer the sumerian language is one of the agglutinating oralic language such as finnish and hangarian and turkish languages .... sumer mean in turkish , su= water or sea . mar or mor= black or dark.... mean the (land of) black sea... the sumerian clan( tribe) name is hankar ... han = king or noble man kar = ice or white.......
Native Tamil speakers might disagree ;-) In the Ice Age, the "fisher people" of the S Iraq culture, were near the Strait of Hormuz, not at the head of the present Persian Gulf. At that Early Neolithic time, "fisher people" were much closer to the mouth of the Indus, which was probably more like S India is today.
Is there demand for translators of sumerian.?
Great qasab padagogry!
Presumably bilingual cuneiform dictionaries of Sumerian and Akkadian provide some guide to pronunciation of Sumerian -- as would the transliteration of foreign names.
I asked Dr Kipp about this but for Biblical Hebrew , Megan can you guys do a video on the way linguists & scholars know the "correct" phonological values for vowels & consonants
Thank You
When vernacular became much closer to Aramaic 2000 years ago, which is why the "cheder" were created to teach boys proper Torah. The Masoretic scholars came along a few centuries later, and we presume they represent the consensus of the "cheder", but possibly influenced by Classical Arabic. Grammer was developed in Baghdad by Persian Muslims, and Judeo-Arabs there picked up this idea of formal grammar from them.
@William Branch
Wow I didn't kno Megan goes by William
get us Karan Armstrong please
Just found out a friend's girlfriend is Jay's cousin. Small world!
Astonishing
I feel like he overplays how little we know about the pronunciation and sound of Sumerian. A lot of very intelligent people have done some very clever work to learn way more about the language than just "we have Akkadian."
Sir Leonard Woolley, an archaeology professor, who spent his entire researcher’s life (close to 60 years) with Mesopotamian excavations, said:
"Since 1939 I keep requesting and urging the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to send me a Hungarian linguist. The Sumerian language - despite its 7,000 years of history - shows amazing similarities with the modern Hungarian language. Based on my researches, I know for a fact that - for example, 56 of the specialty of the Sumerian grammar shows 53 stunning parity with the contemporary Hungarian language. The Turkish language is the second closest language to the Sumerian, and there are 34 similarities found with the foregoing. While the Turkish stands on "nephew" degree in terms of similarity with the Sumerian, we can say that the Hungarian is the SIMILAR and the direct descendant of the Sumerian language. More than 6,000 basic Sumerian root words matching up with Hungarian words. "
Mind you, Professor Sir Leonard Woolley later came to Budapest, where he learned the Hungarian language privately, because the Hungarian Academy of Sciences never supported and appreciated his efforts. As a matter of fact, the Institute denounced him, saying, " We will never confirm that the Hungarian language have anything to do with the Sumerian.”
One scholar claims that Minoan is similar to Hungarian.
@@williambranch4283
Dr. Péter Révész, a professor at Lincoln University in Nebraska, deciphered the Linearis A script using the ancient Hungarian script.
@@williambranch4283
czcams.com/video/qZZ0HWqRHFg/video.html
(Hungarian-language presentation by Professor Dr. Péter Révész on the topic.)
@@williambranch4283
1857 - MÁTYÁS FLÓRIÁN, linguist and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Science, who was in correspondence with OPPERT, stated: “I gained from Oppert the treasure of the words (Sumerian) and called his attention to the fact that they resembled the words of the ancient Hungarian language.”
1860 - JULES OPPERT emphasized the relationship of the Sumerian and Hungarian languages.
1860 - The German linguists and professors at the Congress of Kiel announced that the only correct name for Mesopotamia’s Turanian ancient populace was “Sumerian”.
1870 - ARCHIBALD SAYCE, Professor of Oriental Studies in Oxford, deciphered the first Sumerian one language text and gave a linguistic analysis of the language. He used comparative linguistics to study different branches of the language. In the course of his research, he examined the relationship of the languages of the entire Turanian language family with the Sumerian language. He found the closest relationship to Sumerian in the Hungarian and Basque languages. He went to Hungary to learn the Hungarian language and also found Hungarian to be the most useful language to read the Sumerian language.
1870 - FRANÇOIS C. LENORMAND, the amazingly talented French linguist, stated: “The Sumerian language, not only in its vocabulary but also in its structure, is a Turanian language.” It is obvious that his work was very thorough because he studied the Hungarian historical phonetic linguistics and he studied the Halotti Beszéd, the Legend of St. Margaret and the Bible of the Hungarian Hussites.
1873 - LENORMAND formulated the first Sumerian Grammar and also made a thorough comparative study of the grammar and vocabulary of the Ural-Altaic languages. By so doing, he proved the relationship between the Ural-Altaic languages and Sumerian.
1873 - EDOUARD SAYOUS, a French historian proved the linguistic comparisons of Lenormand. In 1869 and 1896, he was in Hungary and he learned Hungarian. In acknowledgement of his work, he was made a member of the Hungarian Kisfaludy Literary Guild.
1875 - FRANÇOIS C. LENORMAND strongly advocated that the language that discovered writing was most closely related to Hungarian. Therefore he traveled again to Hungary to learn the language more thoroughly. In his book “The Ancient Language of the Chaldeans and the Turanian Languages” from phonetics to the noun suffixes, almost entirely relying on the logic and pronunciation of the Hungarian language, he continued his research into the comparison between the Sumerian and the Turanian languages. He found that the Sumerian phonetic rules were based on the Hungarian.
1875 - HEINRICH GELZER, a Swiss linguist, in an article entitled: Das Ausland, stated that the Sumerian noun and verb suffixes were identical to those of the Turanian languages.
1875 - OSCAR PESCHEL, a German ethnographer, professor at the University of Leipzig, wrote: “The most ancient cuneiform writing was developed in the city of Ur, the so-called Sumerian-Akkadian writing. This ancient people was called Turanian.”
1876 - DOPHUS RUGE, a German scholar, in his work: Die Turanien in Chaldäe, stated: “Now, among the Turanian peoples, a people of first-class culture has appeared - the Sumerians.”
1879 - ZSÓFIA TORMA, archeologist and researcher, on the encouragement of Floris Rómer, in 1875, began archeological excavations on the banks of the Maros River in Tordos and its vicinity and found 10,387 artifacts with Sumerian characters. Among the 4,500 year-old ceramic shards, she found four with Szekler runic script. She suggested the possibility that the writings on the Tordos finds were connected to the Assyrian and Babylonian writings. She came to the conclusion that the ancient people of Babylon belonged to the Sumerian-Akkadian people who were a Turanian people.
1881 - ERNEST DE SARZEC, a French researcher, discovered LAGAS, the first Sumerian city. In his excavations he discovered 40,000 clay tablets with cuneiform characters.
1883 - Dr. ÁGOSTON HALÁSZ, Bishop of Kassa, in his study: Legújabb ősnyelv (The Newest Ancient Language) clearly follows the spread of human civilization from Sumer to Assyria, to the Hittite Empire and then to Greece. His conclusion was that the first pioneers in city dwelling were the Sumerians, who were identical to the Hungarians.
1887 - Dr. SÁNDOR GIESSWEIN, a canon and linguist, to prove the Sumerian-Hungarian relationship, used anthropological examples and a thorough comparative study of the grammar of the two languages.
1. He demonstrated the similarity between the flexional endings of the Sumerian personal pronouns and the Hungarian objective conjugation.
2. Both languages are agglutinative.
3. The prepositional endings and affixes, in Sumerian and in the Ural-Altaic languages are eroded nouns.
4. The connection between the Sumerian and Ural-Altaic languages is that the simple suffix can express the noun-relationship.
5. A common characteristic of these languages is the use of the possessive suffix, to which additional connected suffixes can be added.
6. Obviously, the close relationship of more possessive suffixes in the Sumerian and Hungarian languages can be observed.
1896 - Dr. K. A. HERMANN, Estonian researcher in the Russian Oriental Archeology Congress, in Riga, stated: “On the basis of linguistic conformity to rules and identity, my opinion is that the Sumerian language is related to the Ural-Altaic languages.”
1900 - Dr. GYULA FERENCZY, University professor, in his work: A szumirok nemzetiségi és nyelvi hovatartozása (Where the Sumerian People and Language Belong), he stated the following: “From the facts that we already know, there is no doubt that the Sumerians are an ancient branch of the Turanian people.”
1913 - JÁNOS GALGÓCZY, linguist, pointed out that both Hungarian and Sumerian possess the special subjective and objective conjugation.
1916 - Dr. ZSIGMOND VARGA spoke fourteen languages. In 1920, on the basis of his book Ötezer év távlatából (From a Distance of Five Thousand Years), the Hungarian Academy of Science acknowledged the relationship between the Sumerian and the Ural-Altaic languages.
1926 - JÓZSEF ACZÉL, linguist, in his book Szittya-görög eredetünk (Our Scythian-Greek Origins), stated:
1. “The Hungarian Grammar and three thousand root words are identical to the Hellenic Greek.”
2. “The Szekler and Scythian and ancient Hellenic scripts are identical.”
3. “Some of the words, when they are written, are surprisingly similar (read from right to left).”
It is a unique linguistic phenomenon that, in the whole world, apart from the classical Latin and Ancient Greek languages, only in Hungarian can poems be written in classical hexameter.
“In some of the Hungarian folk songs, the melody is so old that the Scythians may even have sung them accompanied by their ‘musikos.’”
1932 - EDGAR CLEMENT, German linguist, was so impressed by the musicality of the language that he learned Hungarian. According to him, the Hungarian language had a magical strength, which reflected a deep spirituality and only the highest ranking languages, especially the old classical languages could match up to it.
1939 - GÉZA BÁRCZY, member of the Hungarian Academy of Science, discovered the 5000 year-old Sumerian suffixes and proved that they were identical to the Hungarian suffixes.
1940 - Sir LEONARD WOOLLEY, English archeologist and linguist, excavated the Sumerian city, Ur of the Chaldees. He found 400,000 clay tablets, which were covered with linguistic material. He made a glossary and deciphered a large number of texts for the Institutum Biblicum in Rome, among them a six volume Sumerisches Lexicon, in which he deciphered 4,000 words.
1943 - BÁLINT HÓMAN, historian: “According to our present knowledge, the Sumerian language belongs to the Caucasian Japhet language family. In the future, when we analyze the ancient Hungarian words of Caucasian and unknown origin, we should not disregard the Sumerian and Huttite-Hurrite language remains.
1948 - RENÉ LABAT, Director of Studies at the École des Hautes-Études in Paris, developed a dictionary of Cuneiform signs that were numbered, for the use of his students.
1953 - ANTON DEIMEL S. J., Principal of the Institutum Biblicum in Rome and editor of the Sumerisches Lexicon, in the letter which he wrote to Dr. Ida Bobula, stated: “I have not the slightest qualm about accepting the Hungarian-Sumerian relationship.”
1962 - ÁRPÁD ORBÁN, researcher who followed the theory of probability introduced by Jószef Aczél, and developed the rules for the dating of the word relationships.
1963 - VIKTOR PADÁNYI, historian, in his book entitled Dentumagyaria, examined the Sumerian-Hungarian vocabulary and, on the basis of phonetics and meaning, stated: “The spirit of the Sumerian and Hungarian languages, their structure and grammar are almost identical and, by this same measure, they differ from other languages.”
1966 - JÁNOS HARMATTA, historian and academician, stated that, in 1961, N. Vlassa, an archeologist from Kolozsvár, discovered in Tatarlaka one round and one rectangular clay tablet, on which the signs could be easily deciphered with the help of Sumerian pictograms which they resembled.
@@williambranch4283
1968 - ANDRÁS ZAKAR, linguist and researcher in cultural history, demonstrated the language development on the basis of dating methods, and showed that in the Hungarian language, after 5000 years, out of one hundred words, 63 words were Sumerian and 12 Akkadian. This shows not only relationship but also direct descent. The newest scientific methods prove that the Sumerian-Hungarian linguistic analyses are based on certain historical and archeological evidence.
1970 - IDA BOBULA, philosopher and historian, a researcher who spoke seven languages fluently, in her books Sumir rokonság (Sumerian Relationship) and A magyar nemzet eredete (The origin of the Hungarian People), and also in A 2000 magyar név sumir eredete (The Sumerian Origin of 2000 Hungarian Names) demonstrated that a majority of Hungarian names can be understood with the help of the Sumerian dictionary. In her analyses, she states that the returning Magyars brought with them a Scythian language, developed in Sumer.
1976 - ADORJÁN MAGYAR: “The majority of the European peoples learned to read and write only after they were converted to Christianity, while the Magyars lost their own runic script after their conversion because the Church regarded it as pagan.”
1976 - ELEMÉR NOVOTNY, linguistic researcher, in his book Sumir nyelv = Magyar nyelv, (Sumerian Language = Hungarian Language) published in Switzerland in 1976, convincingly proved that that a large part of the Sumerian vocabulary was identical to Hungarian. He presented the cuneiform tables of RENÉ LABAT, in which 13 Sumerian cuneiform signs could be understood and were identical to the Szekler runic script.
1976 - DÉNES OSETZKY, researcher and engineer, came to the conclusion that: “Inasmuch as the Sumerian language elements in the Hungarian language are the result of the connections between the two peoples, the initial influence could be only such a group which anthropologically belonged to the ethnic type of the Homecoming Magyars.
1976 - FERENC BADINY-JÓS, university professor, stated that the total number of cuneiform signs was approximately 4,800, but this did not include the words created from the cuneiform signs. He proved the Sumerian-Hungarian language identity with help of the 6000 year-old cuneiform tablets. He explained that the name of the Hungarians, HUN-GAR, just as the Asian name HUN, has been known for 5000 years and the name of the MAH-GAR people is now known as Sumerian.
1977 - SÁNDOR CSŐKE, linguist, according to his final conclusions about the Hungarian language:
a) It is an original ancient language.
b) Its structure is entirely Hungarian.
c) Its vocabulary is 95% Hungarian.
1977 - KÁLMÁN GOSZTONYI, professor at the St. Michael’s College in Paris, with the financial support of the French government, published his book: Összehasonlító szumir nyelvtan, (Comparative Sumerian Grammar) and stated that from 53 Sumerian grammatical characteristics, 51 are identical to the Hungarian, for example:
a) The adjective is singular, the noun is plural e.g. jó emberek
b) The interrogative pronouns and numerals can have a possessive suffix. E.g. Mi-d van? Az én tíz-em.
c) Nouns may be in singular or plural. E.g. kéz, kezek. Juh, juhok.
d) The same word can indicate both genders. E.g. ember, gyermek, testvér
e) An independent verb can create a sentence by itself. E.g. Fáj.
Besides the grammar, he presented, from the collection of cuneiform signs of Labat, Árpád Orbán’s new methods of dating and, with this, he examined 93 Sumerian words.
1980 - BÉLA OLÁH, an independent researcher, in his book: Édes magyar nyelvünk szumir eredete, (The Sumerian Origin of our Sweet Hungarian Language) states the following identities:
1. The Hungarian vowels and consonants are completely identical to the Sumerian.
2. Vowel harmony is present in both languages.
3. Words may not begin with two consonants.
4. Both languages are agglutinative.
5. They do not distinguish gender.
6. The Hungarian verbal suffixes are more developed than the Sumerian.
1988 - SÁNDOR FORRAI, professor and expert in scripts, in the collection of ceramic shards in the Museum of Kolozsvár, in which Zsófia Torma recognized four Szekler runic characters, found eight more and stated that, in Tatarlaka, N. Vlassa in 1961, excavated a round clay amulet, on which there were four segments containing script. Among the 10 characters, six of them were clearly recognizable as Magyar runic script and two more show a close resemblance. He traces the origin of the Magyar runic script to the writings found in Mesopotamia, which are 3,500 years old. It is not accidental that the linear script, developed from the pictographs, remained in the Hungarian script as runic script and has survived to the present, in spite of the fact that, in the course of a thousand years, from the 34 runic letters, the Hungarians had to adapt to the 24 Latin letters, which made it very difficult to express the double consonants.
1989 - ISTVÁN ERDÉLYI, archeologist, in his book, Sumir rokonság (Sumerian Relationship), writes: “Among the Faculties of the Hungarian Universities, there should be a chair for Assyriology, which should also encompass Sumerology.”
1990 - JÁNOS MAKKAY, archeologist, in his study, A tartariai leletek (The Tartarian Finds) states that the attempts to understand and decipher the Sumerian words themselves verify the Jamdet Nasr connections.
Of the 56 particularities of the Sumerian grammar, 53 figure in the Magyar Language. Researchers at Université Paris-Sorbonne have concluded that, of today’s world languages, Magyar is the only language that has kept 68% of its ancient etymons, that is, the original elements of humanity’s primeval language. For comparison, it should be mentioned that this retention is:
o 4% in the English Language;
o 5% in Latin;
o 12% in Tibetan;
o 26% in Ancient Turkish.
The Magyar Language can be called the primeval language. This is why Magyar words are found in every language of the world. But we did not borrow these words: Rather, since ours is Mankind’s most ancient language, it is clear that every other language became an heir to this inheritance.
21:00 it could be done through internet
Tantum ergo sacramentum, veneremur cernui: et cetera ...
Doing this just in case I find a creepy-looking book Bound human flesh and inked blood
This video is not "How to Speak Sumerian." As an advanced researcher who was excited to see a video on learning how to speak Sumerian I was very disappointed to see another video covering the same introductory explanations that 99% of the CZcams videos about Sumer and Sumerian discuss. The first Sumerian syllable is pronounced near the 22 minute mark. It is /nu/.
Damn. Thought that was AI
Sumerian kurdish
The only way to speak ancient Egyptian is to go back and learn it of course you will need a time machine because the language is long-dead no natural speakers Left alive.
She/he him/her she/tree him/dog
cry about it
Sumerian is old Armenian
We Kurds are Sumerian, the language and grammar the words, the quotes, the strange laws, it’s Sumerian and the language is not dead, spoken by 45 million people with 6 dialects, but it’s Sumerian, this book (the untold story) by Professor Soran Hamarash czcams.com/video/FuUDNp-XMtI/video.html talk about this subject, guys when I hear Sumerian, I understand it, only Kurds , same people same historical place from north!
can you speak Sumerian Language Bro?
i want to learn it .
im from 🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭
@@sapphiraph5121 yes learn Kurdish and you speak Sumerian, choose a dialect, Hawrami is wonderful, kutdish people love Philippines ❤️
@@babylongate i will try bro.. i heard that Mesopotamia is now Iraq in modern day.
so why Iraqi doesn't speak Sumerian?
stop clime other people identity. which word in kurdish is like sumerian ? czcams.com/video/412EpG9pdiQ/video.html
Looking at you and hearing your voice, I can tell your pronouns. Do you really have to tell me that? what will I do with your pronouns?
Language changes and evolves with cultures over time. It's bizarre you've come far enough into linguistics to seek out a niche academic discussion of a long-dead language while still struggling with the idea that some additional nuance has developed into the usage of pronouns in modern English beyond the concepts as you understood them in kindergarten...
What?! Really?! Pronouns?! Argh!
If you don't like it, you're welcome to leave!
I also support trans rights, affirmative action, and free healthcare :D
getting pissy over some pronouns? snowflake
Why, for the love of all that is remotely reasonable, why is the inclusion of this information something you have a strong emotional reaction to at all?
Language changes and evolves with cultures over time. It's bizarre you've come far enough into linguistics to seek out a niche academic discussion of a long-dead language while still struggling with the idea that some additional nuance has developed into the usage of pronouns in modern English beyond the concepts as you understood them in kindergarten...
It is not even novel or unique in global history of languages, that there be labelled categories of gender which would have to explicitly stated in an introduction in order for any stranger to know which term/s were accurate to use. Like, not at all.
so just
find a different hill to die on, something else to be up in arms about that actually, you know, hurts you or anyone at all in any way whatsoever
@@fingernecklace4817 So I am in the wrong, but is totally ok for woke people to lose their mind, even to the point of violence, when others don't call them by their random pronouns.
Amazing. But looking forward to no longer see this ridiculus thing of "your pronouns is???"
is he expert in Sumerian OR Akkadian?
Thought it would be more in depth
Keep digging.