The Constitution of Medina & What it can tell us about early Islam
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- čas přidán 10. 11. 2019
- The so-called "Constitution of Medina" is one of the most significant texts in the history of Islam. But what does it actually say, and how can it be interpreted today?
Sources used in this video:
Denny, Frederick M. (1977). "Ummah in the Constitution of Medina". From "Journal of Near Eastern Studies", Vol. 36, No.1.
The University of Chicago Press.
Donner, Fred M. (2012) "Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam". Belknap Press.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1980). "Muhammad in Medina". OUP Pakistan.
VIDEOS:
Hamza Khan Swati:
• Haram mecca Khana kaab...
Thanks for great content!
I just wanna say that you should include the main thesis of Fred Donner.
He proposed that the whole movement that Muhammad (or whatever his real name was*) started
shouldn't even be considered as a creation or establishment of a new and separated religion/religious movement.
But a reformed and syncretic Arab-Abrahamic religious movement, that Donner called "Believer Movement".
This may help paint a consistent picture of socio-political condition that would produce such a document as the Constitution of Medina.
*About the name, some scholars suggested that Muhammad is more of a epithet, like Al-Amin, than an actual, personal name
It's funny, I actually talked about that very hypothesis in the original cut of this video, but decided to edit it out to save time and to avoid making the video seem to biased towards one viewpoint.
It is certainly an interesting idea that deserves to be brought up in this context, as you said it can give us further nuance with which to understand the document, so thank you for bringing it up!
Let's Talk Religion
Given that the traditional viewpoint persists in Muslim community for a longtime, I don’t think challenging it can be considered biased.
In fact, I think if we reinforce the traditional narrative to please the traditional Muslim, that will do more disservice to the whole enterprise.
I think this “Believer Movement” theory offers the most sensible, if not, the only, puzzle pieces to this vague and unclear history of early Islam
If there is any other theory you know of apart from Donner’s, please fill me in!
Remmebering me about Nabi Abu Al-Qasim, posibblity a Saint of Church of east...
Muhammad is most likely a epithet to apostolic of Mahamadim..
@@GaaraNous What does donners theory clear up for you regarding the early years?
Possibly if you read quran you will find that it is indeed a" believer movement", and that according to Qur'an the movements started by Jesus, Moses, Noah, Abraham and all the Prophets was a believer movememt with the same message.
In case of Islam, Christianity and Judaism, the Prophet was also provided with Law to rule between the people.
Islamic law accepts that the Jews, and Christians can implement their own law in their matters. This was implemented in Medina also.
Also, Muhammad is the actual name, and nicknames also existed such as Ahmad, Al Ameen. So no need to confuse.
In treaties, letters to other kingdoms, and documents of Islam the name Muhammad is clearly mentioned. Even the Official Seal had the name Muhammad inscribed on it. Isn't this how we study and interpret history using Manuscripts and Artefacts.
I was involved in the 15 years process of writing the new Somali Constitution. Somalia is 100% muslim nation, and there was a lot of public resistance to follow the western style of constitution writing. And that was where the translation and publishing of this Madina Constitution helped the process so much, which could have been killed without showing this document. Somali people realized the concept of constitution is deeply rooted in Islamic thinking and readily accepted the idea. Anyway, thank you for your great presentation of this wonderful document.
Thanks for actually showing the actual purpose of this orientalist movement which is to make us follow "western style of constitution" not actually look for what actually happened
Where can I find the translation?
@@AbdillahiRaage There was a WEBSITE for the Indepndent Federal Constitution Commission (IFCC) website that contained all documents related to the process. Unfortunately it no longer exists. But the new body called ICRIC -INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTION REVIEW- must have a new website. Look for their contacts and website. Professor Jawari, former speaker of the Somali parliament was the person who provided the document and is the best source of this document.
Problem with Somalia becoming part of the global community is the fact that is a highly tribal culture. Somalia has alot to offer in terms of tourism, fish products and other resources. All the best to Somalia!
Lmaooo so once the xoolos realised that the concept of a constitution goes all the way back in Islam, they decided to accept it but not based on the fact that Somalia had a constitution upon independence? These people have no hope wallahi
Never ever skip an ad from this channel. The man deserves his money!
Got it!!
Im sure he still gets paid regardless no?
If you skip the ad, he doesn't get money for it??
@@goingmonotheist783 Yes, this brother doesn't :(
@@NUDZZZ
That's messed up!
Watched your content for the first time. Didn't know there was a channel that discussed islamic theology and philosophy in such an unbiased manner. Usually, it's either entirely neglected or viewed negatively.
Thanks for this amazing channel!
Let's hope so, Having a background in something doesn't always mean biased btw, it can be an advantage, its for the presenter to have skills in teaching and understanding the audience at times as well!
Are you lot for real are you hypocrites or something????
Shame on you!!! He just attacked the foundation of your religion and you clap??? Unbiased are you joking!!! He hasn't studied Islamic sciences and rejects them flippantly without having studied a page and you say Unbiased!!!!
@@muhammadbenjuraij7734 I think being hypocrite is not accepting historical studies for what they are trying to do: bring the historical version into the light by as rational means as possible. Religious studies (as opposed to studies of religions) might very well bring insight and meaning, but rejecting studies of historical religious persons is probably most of all a sign of your interpretation of your religion is in conflict with reality instead of explaining it.
@@Jon.Alexander by the way this is the second time posting as the first mysteriously vanished!
@@Jon.Alexander this is the third time posting an he is still removing it
Keep in mind that Medina literally means 'the city' so it could simply says "the people of the city"
That's true didn't occure to me like that.
@@samdis1890 it was called yathrib the prophet Muhammad forbid people to call it yathrib because the name has bad meaning.
The constitution was written after migration the name has been changed after migration, and the document was written or constituted by prophet Muhammad, so it is illogical to say that He would write it Yathrib instead He would write it madina anyway.
And if there is a common Law to all men set by God, there must be a Universal policy, so that the whole World is a City and Humanity the inhabitants. Why not. It must be that when God speaks, he speaks for his whole creation. And a man inspired by God must act to instruct all men..
@@malikialgeriankabyleswag4200 Quran does speaks to all people, sometimes it call upon people generally,sometimes Muslims, some times believers and Even call upon disbelievers directly and it also calls upon people of the book
Only if you read you will know.
It was called Yathrib, after the migration of the prophet and early muslims the people changed the name to al medina al manoura, often shortened to just medina or al medina
1:17
"Indeed, It is Upon Us to Reveal This Quran, and it is Upon Us to Preserve it" [Qur'an 15:9]
Wonderful video! I held a presentation to this very topic in my first semester of B.A. Islamic Studies and it really opened my eyes to the mentality of the early Umma. The "Constitution" (in quotes as it does not constitute a political constitutional document in its traditional sense, but does outline a legal agreement) is pieced out of many verses (āyāt) of the Qur'an and is confirmed via other sources such as the ones you mentioned in the video. Reading the Qur'an in a historically chronological order (see Nöldeke and Schwally, transl. from German) confirms that a difficult socio-political transition from the Mekkan to Medinan period occurred. To me, it is the primary indicator of a transition in Muhammad's lifetime from a religious leader to include a political role, and sets a precedence to the political expansion of Arab civilization through Islam in the years after Muhammad's death. It's also a clear piece of evidence that Muhammad had direct contact on the Arabian Peninsula with other monotheists throughout his lifetime, as well as through his profession as a merchant. Unfortunately, the contents of the "Constitution" are to this day sometimes misconstrued by some traditionalists and Hanbali Madhhab adherents as a green card to hold a grudge against Jews (and in lesser cases Christians or other groups), following the outlined consequences of treasonous acts by few Jewish tribes of Yathrib who sold out the believers (mu'minūn) to Banu Quraysh in Mekka. At the end of the constitutional transition, which lasted over a few years, the name of the town was changed to al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, "The Enlightened City". It's definitely a part of the Qur'an that should be made more aware of, besides teaching the Qur'an in a historical and chronological context.
Are the traditional chronology of the quranic suras accepted by secular scholars? Or could the chronology be a later interpretation to make sense of the verses?
@@ninjalarv Even if it weren't accepted, there is a verse that explicitly says no conversion should be forced and each one to his own religion (I am paraphrasing). So even within the text itself, taking them out of context wouldn't make sense.
"Covenant of Medina" perhaps then.
There are many other documents claimed to be covenants between the Prophet and other people's, institutions, communities (eg Christians) and empires. What does academic consensus (eg non Spiderman Tom Holland) make of those?
You are the best channel recommendation I got this year hands down. Being from a muslim background I salute your objectivity in the matter. All the videos I watched on other beliefs are awesome and demonstrates a meticulous historical accuracy.
PS:Your arabic pronunciation is top notch.
😃 jew channel
This is very in line with the Quran. I'm not sure how these "scholars" that are supposed to be expert on the topic are surprised of this leniency. There are many verses in the Quran that clearly state that peaceful non-believers who do not wish to fight Muslims shall be treated kindly and justly. The one I recall right now is 60:8 - "Allah does not forbid you to be kind and to act justly to those who have neither made war on your religion nor expelled you from your homes. Allah loves the just." Sadly, it seems religious subjects are often researched by people with a lot of prejudice or many personal convictions that they try to squeeze into their research.
Salam Alaykum, is the content of this channel good?
@@hashirabdullah8645 It should be treated as it is: an outsider's earnest attempt to discuss and learn about religion. I really enjoy his content, and it's a nice listen.
@@silverhusky7993 hey! Thanks for letting me know :). Do you follow or adhere to a Faith or belief system btw?
@@hashirabdullah8645 I'm a Muslim
I agree with you 100 pct brother. This is my 2nd video I watched on this channel and There are so many assumptions, clear mistakes, over generalizations, uncalled for statements, etc. I was literally going to make a post correcting inaccuracies but it will be long.
7:54 this is the Azhar Mosque in Cairo, Egypt not the Umayyad Mosque + the word Umayyad as in Umayyad Caliphate isn't related to the word "ummah" which means nation or community, but comes from Umayyah the ancestor of the umayyad family
Exactly my reaction!
seem he lack of arabic use of word knowledge
Your speech delivery is perfect and content is top notch! Carry on brother!
Awesome content yet again!
I found this video really informative. I especially liked the pictures. I am sure they are worth a history lesson in themselves.
Both Picasso and Matisse were hugely influenced by Islamic art. Picasso more by African art ( which, it is my belief, he basically imitated and appropriated, as great an artist as he undoubtedly was.
Highly admired the choice of the topics, the depth of analysis, and more importantly the rational, objective analysis of the ideas it covers. In my opinion, the constitution of Medina is a very good illustration of the early Islamic madinan period spirit, one of tolerance, openness, and striving to build a society that is inclusive. The authenticity of such a document (beyond doubt despite some possible later alterations that won't alter its true spirit) represents an uncompromising proof for those who may stigmatize the Islamic faith and represents a true reflection of the general quranic message.
As a muslim It is good to finally have an unbiased perspective on islamic ideas of jurisprudence, spirituality and history. Great channel
I am rather impressed that you have provided such an accurate knowledge drawn from authentic books and latest research, especially on a platform like CZcams. Much appreciation, and keep up the good work! Just Subscribed from Pakistan.
He made some big mistakes look at the comments that are pointing it out
I was always looking for someone like you . I admire you for your scholarship and unbiased attitude.
Thanks for great content,
You deserve so much more view and subscribe, you put so much hard work, effort and research,
I believe one day this channel will grow really big,
Very interesting, informative, important and worthwhile video.
Great content as always. Thank you
Thank you so much!!! really apreciate the effort and quality! can you please make a video on the life of Anselm Turmeda, the franciscan Catalan monk who bacame a muslim in tunis and is considered a classical writer both in Catalan and Arabic. Thank you
"The one who is not spiderman" 😂😂😂
He said something against BJP government and Indians started to trend boycott Spiderman movies on twitter.
amazing content!
Thank you!
Thank you for making this, i love you
Excellent video, as always. Just one little but useful remark: there is no year "zero" for calendars, it's either "year 1 before the Hijra" or "year 1 of the Hijra", the same for the Christian calendars (of course, and all other calendars).
You have no idea how much I appreciate your work. I can't believe I hear about this document for the first time. Thank you!
Yooo we have the same name
Yooooo sup brother, don't we just have the greatest name ever 😄😄😄
So where are u originally from, your last name Moubarez means fighter in my language "Farsi"🔥
@@alijafari1008 yeah same here im from Afghanistan
@@alisayedmoubarez8563 خیلی خوشبختم هموطن، من هم ایرانی هستم😉
@@alisayedmoubarez8563 Sup Alis
Regarding your suspicion that the referring to Yathrib as Media could be a sign of a later edit - Actually there is little reason for such suspicion. Medina simply means “city” in arabic. So in the document the reference is simply to “the city”.
Oh and thanks for the great content otherwise :)
Yeah this point has been haunting me since I released the video. But you're right in pointing it out!
@@LetsTalkReligion I liked your video and your attempt at objectivity. But if it had been 'haunting' you all this time why didn't you do the right thing and correct the statement?
Dan Brubaker wrote a book (textual critism of Quran). There are 4000 instances of changes to the Quran manuscripts which refutes the Quranic claim that God preserved the Quran from change
czcams.com/video/1Ge8wEYkyIs/video.html
Jay Smith explains how the Quran was compiled from AD600-1985. All the variations, changes and standardizations from Original to the King Fahd version in 1985
czcams.com/video/3nXzi-_WTdI/video.html
Dan Gibson explains the original location of Kaaba was in Petra, Jordan and then moved to Mecca by Ibn Zubair after the 2st Islamic Civil war(Abbasid vs Ummayad)
50th min - Year 70AH in Islam is just 1 page as opposed to entire chapter. “The history of Al Tabari“ Implies the information on change from Petra to Mecca was censored/deleted.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/mecca
czcams.com/video/QGLWh5Cd-xo/video.html
Please share with others. thx
@@Raverraver9999 lol no, you won't find a muslim read different quran but you can find christian read different bible😂😂 try again
Most helpful educational discussions. Thanks for your thoughts and research.
This Great , timely and useful knowledge,thanks
Madina in arabic is city maybe that but thank you so much for this video as a muslim I believe that islam is the way of the world and everyone who doesn’t subscribe to the religion can benefit from the teachings so thank you so so much for bringing this up
Very impressive way of communication 👌👌👌👍👍👍❤️❤️❤️
Oh boy your understanding of islam is a mess, you should read sirat the prophet, the sailed niktar for example, life is not black and white you can't seperate politics from religion, politics help protect religion, look at Christianity with weak politics it was doomed after jesus saw ascension, the followers persecuted and it had become widespread only after 300 years when romans decided to blend it with their peagan beliefs.
Read the coran faithfully, unbiased, with its interpretation, may god guide you and save your soul
Wonderful intresting episode 👍👍
Very balanced presentation. Thanks.
Interesting video, brother. Just as a side note, the Ummayad dynasty's name does not relate to the concept of the Ummah but actually pre-dates it. It relates to the Arab tribe of Banu Ummayah, to which the founder of the dynasty (Mu'awyah) and his descendants belong. Both terms may come from the same Arabic word root A-M-U, but historically are not related.
Exactly they are from two different roots as the root of Ummah أُمّة is the verb: أَمَّ، يَؤُمُّ. As for the word أُمَيَّة then it is the diminutive of أمَةٌ which means a bondswoman I.e., a little female slave! Theres no connection between the two and it's a condition for anyone speaking about Islam that they be properly qualified! He has made far bigger mistakes in issues of Aqaaid and Ilmul Kalam it makes me shudder to think innocent Muslims will be polluted by him! May Allah protect them Aaameeen
@@muhammadbenjuraij7734 I love his videos, it's inevitable that some mistakes will be made, but they're fantastic as an introduction to a lot of these concepts. From there I can do my own research.
If it weren't for these videos I would never have heard of any of these things.
Good catch Mostafa that’s very true
right ummayah is a tribe
@@muhammadbenjuraij7734 After reading some of your replies on some of commentaries..as a layman muslim i must say thank you.. from now on i will watch this channel with a bit cautious..indeed his approach could be dangerous to a layman muslim like me..
Jazzakallah brother.. salam from indonesian.
Salam Thanks for this useful knowledge sharing ! May Allah(swt) rewards your efforts 10 folds over
Great work!
Jazak Allah Khair!
Also I think it’s worth a mention, the first verses of sura 9 are a formal declaration of dissolution of a peace treaty to certain pagans who violated it. It declares that war will commence directly after a four month reprieve. Also the following verse instructs that any pagan who requests asylum is to be sheltered safely, highlighting that the war only applies to those that are active enemies.
P
Very interesting stuff, and well presented. I didn't know about this document before. It got me curious enough to look up the text.
Regarding what you say at about 7:27 on the use of the name "Madina", the text given by the Arabic Wiki actually has "Yathrib". The first line given there reads:
هذا كتاب من محمد النبي الأمي بين المؤمنين والمسلمين من قريش وأهل يثرب ومن اتبعهم فلحق بهم وجاهد معهم
with the word يثرب being "Yathrib". So maybe various versions of the text differ on this (I haven't looked further into it) or, also quite possibly, this is a translation issue (an English translator could have chosen "Madina" because it's a better-known name referring to the same place).
The last line contains the word المدينة (al-madina), but presumably this just means "the (already mentioned) city". "City" is the original meaning of "madina" (مدينة).
I also watched and enjoyed your video "Did Jesus Exist?"
Hello Sarah, where can I get the full document link?
Thanks, good stuff
Great lecture on the subject !
Very nice description of the covenant of madina. It was the first city state built by us and served as a model for all the subsequent states formed later. Also it's important to note that the Prophet himself was from the tribe of Quraysh. Here Quraysh refers specifically to the Quraysh of Mecca, who were enemies at that time. Also religious freedom was given to all, Christians, Jews and Mushrikeen and the only accepted and honourable way of conversion was through preaching and social service. Would love to have a discussion on this with you.
Surah Al Kafirun in the Quran already states the tolerance verses. There is no compulsion in Islam.
@@RobChristian Stupid pagan. Al Kafirun starts with "Qol" which means "Say". Christian Arabs say "Allah" about the father, so by your own logic, they're pagans.
Well done great work.
Excellent information
How the story ends relates to the present much more than what happened in the beginning.
Very nice. Please note that Umayyad mosque is called in reference to the name of rulers' family (bani Umaayah: the children of Umayah, that is a family from Quraish tribe)
thank you. very nice
Informative and useful for me who is novice to them.
now since you bring christian scholars to determine the history of Islam ..
how about we bring Muslim scholars to determine the history of Christianity ..
@Hamid Hussein what he doesn't understand is all those who believed in Muhammad tried to kill him before ...
these people were the most skeptic
@Hamid Hussein And Christian historians never lied? They lied more than any other historian in the world.
@Hamid Hussein
Bruh the most famous christian historian currently is a lier
Daniel brubaker
Good idea
@@superpenguinius1011 Exactly! Especially in their so-called 'historical' documents. As if fake news isn't aeons old!
I do think it's authentic and promotes tolerance in a time where the mention of religious diversity itself was rare
Very well explained
Really fascinating, although i dont like relagion so much but after watching this vedio now i wish to study relagion
Brother....I am amazed by your knowledge and way of presenting it. you are unique .
The Arabs at that time has a rigorous oral tradition just like many other ancient civilizations. Many of them had amazing ability to accurately memorize poetry and certainly the sayings of the Prophet (s.a.w.). Also, in the science of Hadith, there is this concept of chains of transmission. Many, if not most, of the Hadith is mass transmitted through multiple chains and many people. Scholars determine the authenticity of the Hadith by studying the chains of transmission. So, the Western methodology of being skeptical over the time when the Hadiths are written down doesn’t really apply here.
@Sabrina Shahab/ADMINISTRATIONBRAC if a goat eats a quran it doesn't mean the quran is lost... there are millions of people who have memorized the quran.
You could throw every quran into the sea, but a 10 year old Muslim child would be able to rewrite it with perfect fidelity.
@Sabrina Shahab/ADMINISTRATIONBRAC that isn't what the hadith says at all.
There’s nothing “ scientific “ about it and is absolutely no more than hearsay!
You can never call so n so heard so n so heard so n so say “ special “ in any sort of way.
You can’t even prove the Muhammad of the Hadiiths is the same as the Muhammad of the Quran 🤦🏿♂️
@@TheQuranExplainsItself hearsay doesn't come with chains of transmission or with narrator biographies
100 percent!!!
Awesome 👏
I respect the respect this man gives when he talks about religions especially Islam.
Madina word is used to describe the city of residence, doesn't matter in which city you are currently residing.
I liked what you said about the Ummah and how it was meant to include ALL the people living in Medina at that time and not just the Muslims.
Thats speculation without any basis
@@samdis1890 I mean, it's an ongoing question that we dont know the answer of - is the Ummah just the Muslims or is it all ppl in Medina? Nobody knows, but if you look at the document itself, I tend to believe it means a "unit" that means both. so the Jewish Ummah is part of the larger Medina Ummah, but they have an Ummah on their own with their own rules/customs too, though adhering to the common law/constitution that governs the larger the Ummah of Medina.
Speculation? Well you don't have any counter argument as well don't you? But that's history for you man, it's interpretation. And interpretation sometimes is a speculation, but based on what we have and what the practices are at the time :)
@@noeswantra2295 if u reject all hadith and at the same time use a document from a book of hadith and say this is the only document that i'll use in my researsh is stupid.
@@samdis1890 well show ur research then, rather than 1 point sentences.
@@noeswantra2295 what would some random college students do that scholars that have spent their whole lives studying the subject for the last 1400years havent already done.
Could you do a video on the science of hadith and seerah in more detail. Love the content 👌🏻
Dear brother , amazing documentation , as you said some are very co related to the Quran and some are doubted , if you need more clarification I would like to suggest to speak well trusted historical scholars and investigate longer if needed . You can find some in howza in Iran and Iraq they have been keeping and collecting lots of authentic historical events .
It has been reported that Muhammad AS said "I've been given authority over you, I am not the best of you. If I do well, help me; and if I do wrong, set me right. Sincere regard for truth is loyalty and disregard for truth is treachery. The week amongst you shall be strong with me until I have secured his rights, God willing; and the strong amongst you shall be weak with me until I have rested from him the rights of others, if God will. Obey me as long as I obey God and his messenger, but if I disobey God in his messenger, you owe me no obedience." The same is true for all Muslim leaders.
he spits nothing but fax
Hey man, we muslims don't take ibn ishaq's work 100% true.
Love your work from Jordan.
Good of you to point that out, this is mostly true of course.
Thank you!
@@LetsTalkReligion we take Ibn Hicham more seriously though, he made his own comments on the Sirah of Ibn Ishak (Isaq not ichaq).
Amazing content!
@Hamid Hussein do you really think someone that did this much research on islam and islam history doesn't know the science of hadith .... dude your question is kinda too much to be honest
@Patricia Hill He was not his student, and he didn't censor anything that was proven to be true. Except the preislamic tales which no one would know how exact they are.
please stop using hate speech, that web site you post has no educational content, simply propaganda (even if it states facts, the conclusions are always non neutral, i still didn't read much of it though).
the fact that someone claims he has the Sirah of Ibn Ishaq today is the ultimate proof that he is a complete ignorant or hypocrite.
I can't imagine discovering the manuscripts of Ibn Ishaq's Sirah without it being a revolutional thing, people have been searching for it for centuries.
@Patricia Hill no scholar agrees on that.
Have you read the Sirah of Ibn Hicham or are you simply speculating??
Ibn Hicham himself states that he studied the Sirah of Ibn Ishaq under the hands of Al Baqaii.
Al Baqaii studied indeed at the hands of Ibn Ishaq.
Not sure how you manage to name these facts and claim that all scholars agree on them.
As of Ibn Ishaq, he was praised by most scholars for having a good memory, and criticized for not verifying the stories he put in his book (Ibn Hanbal, Malik, Al Duhali, Al Chafeii,...)
And it's not a matter of opinion and agreeing or disagreeing, it's a matter of an absence of a consensus between scholars that lived at the same era on the reliabilty of Ibn Ishaq's version, which makes any interpretations based on its "non existing" source no more reliable.
I love this video
Thank you for educating me about Islam and the beginning of this religion. I plan on binge watching a great many of your videos because I want to learn about other world religions.
welldone but its worth mentioning that we believe that islam came with the first man adam and islam means submition to the one god and the prophet muhammad always called the jews and christians to worship the god of abraham cuz he was not a jew nor a christian
Enjoy the pedophila, warlord, slave owning(that never stopped), racist, sex hungry, bad at plagerism founder of Islam named Mohammed.
Quaran isn't even in chronological order. Muslim will tell you it's "allah who wanted it this way", but honestly read it chronologically like most books and it'll reveal how mohammed started off as a harmless com artist to a power hungry warlord with sex slaves. And that's the tip of the iceberg. Muslims are not used to this critic because their countries suppress questioning and criticing Islam. Along with human rights abuses specific to Muslim majority countries.
"There is no compulsion in religion." Quran 2:256 , that's my comment on 16:30 and 16:42. Great content brother. I have been watching your videos for 2 weeks now.
Those verses were abrogated later
Allah says: "There is no compulsion in religion", meaning: do not force anyone to embrace Islam, because it is clear and its proofs and evidences are manifest. Whoever Allah guides and opens his heart to Islam has indeed embraced it with clear evidence. Whoever Allah misguides blinds his heart and has set a seal on his hearing and a covering on his eyes cannot embrace Islam by force...hence Allah revealed this verse. But, this verse is abrogated by the verse of "fighting...Therefore, all people of the world should be called to Islam. If anyone of them refuses to do so, or refuses to pay the Jizya they should be fought till they are killed. This is the meaning of compulsion. In the Sahih, the Prophet said: "Allah wonders at those people who will enter Paradise in chains", meaning prisoners brought in chains to the Islamic state, then they embrace Islam sincerely and become righteous, and are entered among the people of Paradise.[1]
Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, Al-Firdous Ltd., London, 1999: First Edition, Part 3, pp. 37-38
@@monkeyrapingfrog4720 those apostates were a betrayer. Even in modern days, betrayer for every nations deserve a death sentence, more over those orders came within time of war with Quraish.
@@bonar1211 Their "betrayal" was leaving muhammad's cult. that's not the same a sedition. It's just another part of the evil of islam.
@@danielbromwich1827 There’s actually a list of Muslims from that time that privately left islam yet nothing happened to them. It was only those that riled rebellions against the muslim state that were executed. If you think that’s unfair then look up the punishment against treason in the USA.
@@neelovalam8586 But we're not talking about rebellion or insurrection. we're talking about apostasy, which there are clear and active laws against in the sharia of all branches of islamic jurisprudence and in almost all muslim majority countries and some where muslims are just a large minority.
It's just another example of the immense evil of islam.
You're also talking about people who "privately left islam"
As a Muslim person even though I am a Islamic scholar yet I can say Islam is tolerant and it started as tolerant religion and still is tolerant but unfortunately many Muslims and none Muslims have little knowledge about true interpretation of Qur'aan and the Islam. Ignorance is more destructive than a powerful army.
Oh yes, very tolerant of say the pagans. So tolerant you call them unclean, kill them, steal their temple, and rewrite their history. Mecca is a polytheist temple and Muhammed (piss be upon him) was a degenerate warmonger.
I have no sympathy for Muslims persecution then or now, it's completely justified by our shitty book.
very nice
Wow just watched a video of Fred dinner and was gonna mention him and then the first comment mentioned it. Saw your reply
Who are you. You work so hard on these videos
The secret of course is 'passion' . A gifted presenter with the passion to serve his subject matter with sincerity . He also has the intelligence to appear totally objective .. concealing his personal beliefs from his audience .
to be honest I was disappointed in how you portrayed hadith. scholars weren't as skeptic as you said, they have developed very strict rules from the early days of Islam to ensure the authenticity of the sunnah to an extent that someone wouldn't take hadith told by his father because he slightly forgets or mix hadith these rules are known as (علم الجرح و التعديل و علم الرجال ) and it's a very large section of the hadith studies. people who lie, act rude or show any deviant behaviour of any sort or follow teaching of people with (هوى) are automatically are not accepted as (محدث) people took responsibility to the point they were ready to die to defend the sunnah and hadith.
The think with this argument is, that it can not be proved. The ummayads did. all they could to ensure their reign and suppressed anyone who opposed their rule or right to rule. They Ummayads basically never had a right to rule.
No one knows how heavy their rule changed them.
@@schaihmansur8298 most of the hadith books that's considered to be (صحيح) where collected in the rule of fhe abbasid: al bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad bin hanbal...
so no it wasn't a tool for the umayyeds to rule.
some (صحيح) hadiths even told about the event, outcomes and reasons for the fitnah that happened after the death of uthman bin afaan.
Yeah as Muslims I feel you but this guy is a scholar of religion and must adhere to modern academic standards of what information they accept. So they have an aversion to information that comes from biased sources, or from too far away in time from the events.
Thank you.
Allah bless u Man. Aamin
Islam is the 1st government that had religious tolerance and did so without separating church from state.
By destroying Mecca's polytheist idols? Or by expelling all the jews from Arabia?
By giving Christians and Jews their rights and protecting them from eachother and even other sects within Judaism and Christianity. Only expelled Jews for treason in Mecca. I'm sorry, I forgot there was no tolerance for idol worship and polytheism.
@@miliyeyo1476 well in that case, rome and ancient greeks were way earlier to tolerate other religions, don't you think.
@@stoneruler no. I always learned about how they persecuted people for their beliefs.
@@miliyeyo1476 That is only true for Christians in Imperial Rome (ok and maybe the Followers of Bacchus). There were mostly tolerant of other Pagan believes and also Judaism. So Religious Tolerance for most People, but not all. On the other hand, I think religious intolerance was something humans had to lern, the Persians for example where also quit tolerant before the Greeks. And tribal People in ancient Times had little emphasis on Religious Unity as well.
one of the many miracles of prophet Mohamed PBUH. He was illiterate. Born as an orphan. In the middle of nowhere. Yet he was able to produce such a strong nation. Laws, economy, and many other fields were improved and are being influenced till this day by not a philosopher or a scientist but an illiterate man he said a book full of wisdom.
Brother, you should use the full term of PBUH instead of the abbreviated form as said by some scholars. :)
Thank you
Amazing
Professor Herald Motzki cleared all ambiguities raised about Hadith in his scholarly acclaimed studies
Good work and thank you. Letters written by Muhammad could also provide valuable information about the time and thought. I believe copies of these letters exist or their wordings.
In the prophet's immigration he was greeted with the famous chant(song) by the people of yathrib. Talubadir, in it it says "you have arrived and honored the Madina (city)."
czcams.com/video/Bsp9UfQkgf4/video.html
Yathrib was later called Madinah tun Nabi "مدينة النبى", or the City of the Prophet (PBUH), which eventually changed into just Madina (City).
So, it's more probable that the term is a later edition in the constitution.
The name was immediately changed by prophet Muhammad Himself after He migrated to Madina.
So this logic is 100% flawed.
It was changed because it meant a bad thing maybe in Arabic so the prophet changed it
Thinking that an arbitrator peacefully coming to Medina will change the name of the city himself doesn't seem logical. Only conquerors do these things and the Prophet PBUH wasn't one when he came to Yathrib.
@@muhammadfasihkhan8508 that's the only logical reason for the name being changed, infact there is no other explanation.
I wish you give us the story of hadithts and how they come about it.
Me, too.
Totally agree!
Dan Brubaker wrote a book (textual critism of Quran). There are 4000 instances of changes to the Quran manuscripts which refutes the Quranic claim that God preserved the Quran from change
czcams.com/video/1Ge8wEYkyIs/video.html
Jay Smith explains how the Quran was compiled from AD600-1985. All the variations, changes and standardizations from Original to the King Fahd version in 1985
czcams.com/video/3nXzi-_WTdI/video.html
Dan Gibson explains the original location of Kaaba was in Petra, Jordan and then moved to Mecca by Ibn Zubair after the 2st Islamic Civil war(Abbasid vs Ummayad)
50th min - Year 70AH in Islam is just 1 page as opposed to entire chapter. “The history of Al Tabari“ Implies the information on change from Petra to Mecca was censored/deleted.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/mecca
czcams.com/video/QGLWh5Cd-xo/video.html
Please share with others. thx
this needs more votes so he can see it, i would love to see a video on this
@@Raverraver9999
1) Dan Brubaker's book was refuted by Dr Tayyar Articulac.
2) Jay smith allegations were answered by numbers of muslim.
3) early mosque facing petra. I was in iraq and china 8n 2019. The early qibla for the wasit mosque and the china mosque (forget the name) appeared in Dan Gibson were not facing Petra. Both facing between Mecca and Petra.
I am not defending islam, but i am defending ademic integrity.
Thank you very much of saying the truth about Islam .
I remember being taught a major cause of the Abbasid Revolution was that under the Umayyads Jews and Christians that participated in the Arab Conquests were exempt from restrictions placed on the Dhimmi, while converts without proper "Islamic" (ie Arab) lineage were still subject to them. I wonder if it comes from this early policy in Madina, with it's particular usage of Ummah and the other thing in this video.
But o brother ,you are wrong about the very last moment in the video.. Mohammed (pbuh) and his Khaliphs not came to rule the world but to make justice and reightiousness among people, eventhough for that God had given the Profit so much even to test him (which also means others learn lessions from him and the events)
He was ones asked, what he want in this world, he choose simplicity instead of riches..
The outcome of those days and we see these days are an inspiration to the believers and to make their faith strong..
Thanx a lot sir I never knew about this before I am an Indian I am very much interested in Zoroastriansm and Islam as both their founders are ought to be admired. By the way the term madina just means a city.
Thank you! They are both very interesting religions, especially in some of the ways they are connected!
While the information on Zarathustras life is lacking in comparison to Muhammad, it certainly seems that they had a few things in common. Aside from theology, they both sought social change in an environment that was plagued by unrest and injustice (if we accept the standard stories).
By that simple fact, I agree that they should be admired!
@@LetsTalkReligion Scholars who wrote Hadiths before imam Al Bukhari of Sahih Al Bukhari:
1. Hamam Ibn Munabah (died 131 Hijri)
Narrated 138 Hadiths directly from Abu Huraira (RA)
2. Muammar Bin Rashed Al Basry (died 153 Hijri)
Narrated 1645 Hadiths
3. Muwatta Imam Malik (died 179 Hijri)
Narrated 3000 Hadiths
4. Abdullah Bin Al Mubarak (died 181 Hijri)
Narrated 272 Hadiths
5. Abdullah Bin Wahb (died 197 Hijri)
717 Hadiths & stories about the Sahaba
Bonus:
- Musannaf of Ibn e Jurayj (d.150)
- Musannaf of Abd al Razzaq San ani (d.211)
- Musannaf of Ibn e Abi Shayhab ( d.235)
- Musnad abu dawood tayalsi
- Musnad shafi
- Musnad ahmad
- Sunnan darmi
- Musnad ishaq bin rahwaye
Thankyou bro
I agree with you. When Prophet Muhammad was chosen to be the leader he is now not just a theologian and clerical individual but also a general
Of his army..the leader of his nation which include those who is not the followers of Islam... so for muslims especially today he is viewed as the role model of the embodiment of what he had taught. A leader Muhammad, a general Muhammad, a husband Muhammad, a father Muhammad and also an Imam Muhammad.
As a Muslim learning a lot about Islam here :-)
yaa why not as if ulema has died long ago so if u no other option of knowing ur deen
@@azamkhan1526 🤣🤣 such negativity Allah bless you bro
That was amazing and educating for me and I am inspired to look up and read this constitution myself. Couple things to add, firstly ummah is NOT an Islamic word, but simply an Arabic word often translated to ‘nation’ or community or something like that, which I believe you did address eventually. Also the words you mention (mu’minoon and muhājiroon) مؤمنون مهاجرون you kinda messed up the English transliteration and pronunciation there.
Agreed with you
Thanks for this document. What about the letter supposedly from Muhamad to the monks ot the Saint Catherine monastery in Sinaï. When and by whom was it written in fact ? This document should be studied too.
Actually this covenant is a common topic in the seerah of the Prophet ﷺ and I have read almost all these points while reading the history (from muslim sources) and I hardly see any difference.
The Word Islam appears in Holy Qur`an itself , The Name of City Yasrib was changed to Madina (Meaning the City of Light) as soon as the Prophet Mohammad (SAW) migrated there .
No. “Madina” means “City”.
@@jadthemagnificent Madina means City but it is called Al-Madina Al-Munawwara.
@@superpenguinius1011 I know that.
Amazing. Beautiful and unbiased. Completely agree with your views. Please throw some light on document AHADNAMA. It must be the same document by his holiness Muhammed. (Peace be to Him.) But was hushed by later powers in their zeal to spread Islam.
Right and who are those later powers who are in their zeal to spread Islam ?
Hi. Thanks for an informative talk. I just have a few comments on your use of 'Ummah'. If you look at its Arabic meaning or can mean Mankind or the Muslim community. In the Quran, it is referred to 60% of the time as meaning Mankind. Also, whilst I agree that the biographies of the holy Prophet were mainly written by 'muslims' after the passing of the Prophet, were subject to the various Caliph's interests, you can refer to Nahjul Balagha or the Peak of Eloquence written by Imam Ali, the cousin of the Holy Prophet and someone who was constantly in his life as well as the prophet's sermon which gives an authentic detail of the Islamic constitution to get a more accurate reference.
Isn't Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) the fourth Rashidun caliph or am i wrong ?
There is a science behind the ilm of ahadeet we can not say them skeptical you must understand the ilm of ahadeet
non-Muslim academics of religion generally cast doubt on the texts of a religion if they were compiled by the people of that religion and instead rely on historical contexts to view them. obviously, us Muslims know the science of hadith is very precise and thorough. however, since it comes from Muslims themselves, non-Muslim academics in general will think it's biased. they do this for objective purposes, but I do think this method is taken to an extreme that leads to a loss of understanding of past societies.
And ilm al hadīth itself rooted in skepticism about widely circulated hadīth; like, are them all actually come from the prophet SAW. Ilm al Hadīth serves as a study to investigate them.
@@trevormiller931 uP
@@muhammadbenjuraij7734 Are You A Jew or A Zoroastrian
@@muhammadbenjuraij7734 Well seeing how people usualy and unfortunatly often attack islam on the internet. This guy didn't. He isn't muslim but was open minded and talked without biased. And while analysing what western scientist says he came to the conclusion that muslim in Medina lived in piece with its other inhabitants as we believe. I found actually remarquable that analysing it from a non muslim point of view showed that what we believe seems right. And in islam it's encouraged to recherch and use science to make faith stronger.
What music did you use in this video for background ??
I made the music myself! :)
Did you want it for something in particular?
@@LetsTalkReligion yes, it put me In a state of trance I would like to use it for meditation, can you share it with me ?
haiderali19999@gmail.com
@@LetsTalkReligion ??
@@HyderAli-mz7uw Sure! I'll send it to you later today!
@@LetsTalkReligion thanks..🙆
Great content. Here's a comment on the word Ummah. Ummah in its general sense refers to a person or a group of people striving towards a common (often ambitious) goal.
The Ummah that's often used to describe the Muslim community nowadays is only one instance of the general term (Just like Medina, which means "the City", and refers to a specific city in Arabia). Therefore, the idea of considering Jews, Muslims, and others, as a single ummah in the context of a text that tries to unify them, is not unexpected. This also explains why Jews were referred to an ummah, within the Yathrib ummah.
Good content indeed. JazakAllah
@Akm Akm when are you launching your channel?
@Akm Akm
By my logic,
You shouldn't criticise the skills of a footballer if you don't know anything about playing football.
You claimed he is ignorant,
Which implied you are more knowledgeable than him. Fine by me, sure but where are your contradicting(sublime) thoughts to be compared with?
@Akm Akm
You do know that Media literally translates to "City" in English.
The city which today we call "Madinah tur-Rasool" short for modern day Medina. Its original name is Yathrib.
Even better if you are Arab, then perhaps you know Quran better than I do and help me understand:
How do you differentiate between word Medina/Yathrib and literal Medina/TheCity?
@Akm Akm
Can you paste an actual example of the mention of Yathrib and the City of Medina in Quran?