The Pictish Problem - Genetics of Scotland
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- čas přidán 14. 08. 2023
- Imputed genomes and haplotype-based analyses of the Picts of early medieval Scotland reveal fine-scale relatedness between Iron Age, early medieval and the modern people of the UK
Follow along at this open access link: journals.plos.org/plosgenetic...
Before the modern Scots, before the Angles and Saxons and Nordic populations of the Danelaw, before the Romans... Scotland was the land of the Picts. But where have these mysterious populations gone? In one of the first genetic analyses of Pictish Scotland, the authors of this PLOS Genetics article chart the results of eight bodies from Pictish graves from Ballintore and Lundin Links, Scotland.
This is an initial study, not nearly as comprehensive as those done in neighboring England and Ireland, but the data indicate the movements of ancient populations over the millennia, and the authors promise further studies to come. So for you lovers of Scotland, wonder no more about the fate of the Picts, for their history is written in their genes.
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Hadrian: "BUILD THAT WALL! ill make Picts pay for it! its gonna be a great wall!"
Make Rome Great Again!
Lol
@@keith19934 now i need to see Cato with a combover
Well. All the children and men and women being trafficked would have liked that wall. I guess it depends where you get your info from. Too bad humans are still suffering..no matter how this great new empire grows.....
@@joncrane7661this empire is reaching 400 AD, if you're comparing it to Rome.
I'm from Fife in Scotland, or Fib as it was known in the Pictish era, there's lot's of Pictish place names in our area, Pitlessie, Pitlethy, Pittendreich, Abernethy, Aberargie, there's lots more as well as rings of standing stones, the Markinch Kirk is built on a pictish site just down the road from me, the picts didn't disappear, we turned into Fifers 😉
You mean like Aberystwyth? Oh wait that's in Wales, gee guess those Scythians spoke Brythonic
@@0002EcMAberdeen, Perth and Dunfermline are a couple more non gaelic cities - I also believe Dundee is p-celtic and q-celtic - a nice wee mix if u will
@@0002EcMAber, the mouth of the river, Ystwyth, Wales. Aberdeen, the mouth of the River Dee, Scotland.
Aber is indeed what is now Welsh ( was Brythonic / briton lingo) and was spoken up there in pictyland. Old men of the north and all.
As with any peoples on this tiny island, we are all simply assimilated.
At least we can all pronounce medieval correctly ( 4 syllables , not 2 ) with our English English
Aber is Brythonic not pictish. Britons were all over parts of Scotland
so, in summary, we really still have no idea where the Picts originated...
Ha ! Ha ! Exactly. But those of us carrying Pict ancestry know ! My grandmother - Helen Mar Douglas. Just returned from the Orkneys - my daughter’s idea ! Stayed in an old Manse on Bay of Cornquoy. Magical. Two ancient cairns 1/2=mile away on private farm land. Now - getting a Pict symbol tattoo on my arm.
@@nanallen1 You're a Yank.
Right!
@@Dimple_5 My Grandmother was descended from the Mar “tribal group” in Northern Scotland. It is my understanding that the Mar group was descended from (or part of ) the Picts.
They're bell beakers/Yamnaya...
The "Scots" were a mixture of Gaelic settlers in the western Isles and the "Pictish" natives. The architecture in this area are identical to that of the "Pictish" lands to the east. Viking slavers carried of shiploads of Pictish nobility to the markets of Ireland and Iberia.
As I say to people who ask 'What happened to the Picts?'
I reply, 'Are you Scottish or have Scottish connections?' 'Then, look in the mirror!'
The Picts became the Scots!
The "Scots" came from Ireland - invaded .. I thought they were Red Haired Vikings myself.
I don’t think anyone was there, so we don’t really know. It’s tough, because it’s so much fun to create a narrative or think that we know, but the truth is we know less than 10% of our human history according to the Peabody museum of Archaeology and ethnology.
Lowland Scots Anglo Saxon Highland Scots Norse.
Weren't there Picts in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia area Way back?
@@kschoolcraft No.
My father is Basque, and my mother is Scottish. I indeed am blessed.
No, you’re human. There is nothing superior about anybody’s ancestry in particular.
My daughter is Norwegian and Basque.😊❤
Wow my two favorite culture, both of them have uniqe traditional fashion, and both of them are live on ocean side, and highlander too. I am Greek from my Moms side and Hungarian from my Dad,speak both of languages.
@IliasKiraly My Basque grandfather married a Mexican lady, my beautiful grandmother. So Spainish and English are the only languages i speak. All my great parents came from Europe in one fashion or the other. Norris/Irish, Scofield/English, Koch/German, Ybarra/Mexican. My ancestry to my great Grand parents. Thanks for the kind comment. 😇 Be well live, love, and prosper!
I suspect there are a great many sites and artifacts mouldering away in Doggerland and around all the coasts of the UK and Ireland. The water levels were much lower during the Stone Age, with so much of it tied up in glaciers. What you call home were undoubtedly the highlands of the landmass that makes up Western Europe.
As a child, I found a freshly exposed human footprint in the local sandstone cliffs, Arbroath, near to a known bronze age hillfort, and I suspect possibly close to the Doggerland latitude.
My discovery was immediately dismissed as impossible... But I have a witness... The footprint didn't last very long, being exposed on a very fragile area... It took the form of an adult footprint exactly like that of someone standing in wet sand.
Curiously, my maternal heredity is mixed, modern Irish, but with some Scottish ancestry from Loch Lomond, and Fife (McFarlane)
My paternal DNA has been tested (although the veracity of these tests is inconclusive) but apparantly 98% UK Mainland, a, surprisingly high percentage!
Thanks for this. The problem I find is that the burials are anonymous, and this could hold great significance. The influx of refugees to Northern Scotland during the Roman invasion and subsequent occupation, may have resulted in isolated groups with particular burial customs and practices. These individuals may not be Picts at all, just buried on land identified as Pictish. The very scarcity of Pictish burial grounds and remains, should raise suspicion as to why these individuals break that mould.
It's still a fascinating problem.
Your point is well taken; it COULD be that Picts practiced cremation rather than burial.
So you are saying that the "Picts" may just be displaced persons from Southern England?
There may also just not have been that many of them.
@@manfredconnor3194 No, I'm saying that any foreigners who were displaced by the Romans, will have settled amongst the Picts.
@@manfredconnor3194 Have you done no personal reading? The Picts fought the Romans, the Vikings, the Angels and Saxons... their were enough of them, over hundreds of years that if they practiced conventional burial, there should be more evidence of such.
There's a large Pictish cemetery close to Ackergill Tower on Sinclair Bay in Caithness, in the far north east of Scotland. It's not been excavated since it was investigated by Tress Barry in 1905. It's composed of square burial cairns, topped with quartz pebbles, and was immediately reburied. Perhaps DNA could be extracted from the burials there?
Just because a cemetery is 'Pictish' doesn't automatically mean the bodies found are Picts.
I googled the bay, and Caithness.. it looks like a truly beautiful place.
There were also Picts in Northern Wales from about 440 AD when the Votadini chief Cunedda moved the entire tribe to Gwynedd and Powys. They drove out the Irish and became rulers. So there is likely some Pict genetics still in Northern Wales extending into Shropshire. The Pict rulers of Powys were buried in Baschurch which was called Church's of Bassa.
💓
Hmm... I thought the Votadini were Brythonic speakers, like the rest of Britain? Both they and the neighbouring Selgovae, who later amalgamated to form the Kingdom of Strathclyde considered themselves separate from the Picts, and their Cumbric language was mutually intelligible with Old welsh. Weren't the picts mainly to the North of the firth - Clyde line?
@@bsaneil Most linguists now consider the Picts to have been speakers of a form of Brythonic, too, based on known place names and personal names. Lots of groups in Britain considered themselves to be "separate" from each other while all speaking some form of Brythonic.
@@bsaneil My information has them as mostly Pictish and in the Edinburgh area on both sides of the Firth of Fourth, the northern part of Gododdin. The Votadini got along better with the Romans so when the Romans left they may have been open to options to relocate. The Votadini were between the Firth of Fourth and the river Ware during the later Roman period. The tribal capitol may have been at the Yeavering hill fort near Bamburgh. The Scotti were to the west having overwhelmed the Damnonii and working on the Selgovae. Most of the Votadini went to north Wales, the ones who remained along with other Gododdin warriors were overwhelmed by the Anglo-Saxons in Yorkshire. The epic poem called Gododdin by Votadini bard Aneirin praises the bravery of Gwawrddur. So mixed tribe likely but I would suggest mostly Pict.
The Venomous Bede is not to be trusted, are not all indo Europeans frim Scythia? Cunedda was indeed from North of the Antonine wall, the Gaels invaded at the same time, in colusion with the Angles. Indeed Vortigern was hated for inviting them here to the territory of the Gododdin who he sent to save Wales from Gaelic destruction and slave raids
The origin and history of Picts and Basque are very interesting stories. I like learning as much as we can find out about them.
The Berbers as well.
The Basque country is always one of the first things people go for to explain random stuff. Totally isolated language, plus Basque fishermen traveled pretty far.
Scots and Irish also have strong genetic ties to the Basque which would suggest they also came from Ireland but then maybe picked up a Celtic P language
There is a weird theory which states the people mentioned, Basques, Picts, Berbers etc all came from Atlantis.
Could be shared neolithic ancestry? @jooseppielleese7156
I like how our narrator turned Argyll into Our Gael .
regurgitated brains type narraterd
I thought the same
I just found this channel a couple months back and then a couple days ago I learned about Nick and all i can say is thank you so much for keeping his dream alive its definitely what he would want. I obviously didn't know him but im pretty sure he was as good as people get and if i miss him this much i feel for his loved ones. Thanks again DW and whoever else is keeping this channel alive.
Pictish symbols are found all around my town.
Used to have a festival on a Pictish site, on a hill just outside my town, but the police shut it down and blocked the site off.
This was a annual thing and lasted for around a week.
People from all over Scotland would come and there would be lots of old Scottish folk music and lots of psychedelic use (why the police shut it down)
My town was a Pictish village at one point in time, hence why the “unofficial” festival took place every year.
Where was that again? I think I remember going there once.
Dunnichen Hill. Between the village of Letham & Forfar Angus. It was to commemorate the battle of Nectansmere between the Picts & Northumberlands which the Picts were victorious in 685 if memory serves me right.
@@Global_House
Correct.
There’s also Restenneth Priory not too far away as well, which is also a Pictish site.
I’m pretty sure the priory was build in the 700s and there’s actually still a couple of walls standing from it.
Last time I visited the priory, it was full of wasp bikes and there was a mental bull you had to get past, to get onto the site in the middle of the field where the Priory remains are located………That bull was psychotic 🤣
Also there’s the remains of an old settlement under the water in Forfar loch.
yeah, so are these actual picts or just hippies?
Sounds hilarious, modern UK citizens celebrating an early medieval battle because "we be Picts" 🤣🤣
Rome at that time was a super power, that swept aside all before it ,but when it got to Scotland they built a wall 😂
They didn't want to get swarmed by a buncha crazy little guys who look like Angus from AC/DC playin bag pipes and swingin claymores at them? Just a guess.
😆
Those Scythians ( and their ponies) sure got around!
Don't grab too much "proud cultural insight" from the Roman withdrawal. It wouldn't displease nor surprise me to know that the Scottish and the Picts, whom I do admire, were steadfast opponents to Roman imperialist intent, but the Germanic tribes, especially the most warlike and very dangerous Goths had begun to seriously kick Roman butt, which pleased me to know, and Roman soldiers were badly needed closer to home. Like Cniva earlier, Fritigern destroyed a Roman army and killed two emperors. Soon Alaric sacked Rome in 410 ad. If I have it wrong I will correct my posting, but it looks that way to me. My Spanish family descends from both the Ostrogoth and Visigoth ruling Germanic military clans, the Balto and the Amal, respectively, as does the Patron Saint of France Clotilde, who is revered for bringing the Frankish hero King Clovis to the Catholic Church, when she was his Queen.
Although it's true the Romans didn't manage to take northern Britain by force, by the time the Romans had left the 'Picts' and the 'Scots' (as the Romans had dubbed them), both had adopted Roman Christian kingship. This means the Romans did in fact manage to invade the entirety of Britian and Ireland after all, if we consider a complete culture replacement to be a complete invasion that is.
??? My maiden name is Pickens. I looked it up with the help of a Scottish Genealogist. In his books it said Pickens means the Pict people. I traced my family back to Edinburgh 1400’s and the Highlands before that. There are numerous Pickens here in the US. My family was supposed to have come here in about 1720. Brigadier General (Revolutionary War) Andrew Pickens served on the first House of Representatives and cowrote the first American Indian Treaty. His grandson Francis was a Gov of South Carolina during the Civil War. His wife Lucy is on the Confederate dollar bill. There are more relatives of importance in our line. That just names a few. There is a Fort Pickens in Florida and counties named Pickens, etc.
Wow! You have great family history! It's good that you will be able to pass this knowledge on! ❤
Scythians as origin sure seems odd.
Ceasar or one in his campaign of coined the label, it likely means colorful people which matches up with all of Europe’s Celtic people. For centuries prior to Rome, the Celts were actually massive, Scotland across Scandinavia to Rusland through Central Europe perhaps to Sythian people ending at the Mediterranean in Spain and Pre-Rome Etruscans.
The Celtic culture and people were broken by Rome in modern France, “defeating” what they called “Gaul” leading to generations of people being enslaved to become builders, warriors or prostitutes to build, expand and pay for Rome.
The Vatician is no better and the “diaspora” Rome “caused” is simply another issue the 2000 year atrocity, “picts” suffer from.
Welcome to the family!!
All times fault lmao
He lied to you for money. Pickens is Norman French and came to Scotland and England post-Norman conquest. It means someone who makes picks or spikes and is sometimes Pickett or Pike.
@@TrggrWarning scythians are in fact the origin.
Fascinating topic. Thanks for putting in the work 🥂
The Pics being the ancestors of modern people with a little added from various outside populations isn’t surprising, and neither is the subsequent cultural amnesia. Consider post Bronze Age Crete. Those people attributed to gods and giants the works their direct ancestors built. At any rate, an interesting video as usual.
Beeker folk are muppets.
They Are Not! Go Read the Declaration of Arbroath! The Picts got Wiped Out! By the Scoti! The One's that Came from Scythia! This Guy Running this Channel is not Bright, and is Butchering Well know and Established History!
Interesting! Been to Crete twice and enjoyed the archaeology but didn't know that. Thanks.
@@TerryMcGearyScotland Thanks. Although I hope I'm right about it and you don't end up looking silly on your visit on my account. 😅
@@QueenChristine826 No problem Christine. I’m well used to looking silly😂 Part of the grandad role😄
Very well explained. Sadly we lack of enough ancient remains to extrapolate from Orkney to mainland Pictland.
It is I think. You have to have your wits about you though. I wish I better versed in statistics and genetics terminology to get full benefit.
@@TerryMcGearyScotland - Feel free to ask me for explanations on specifics, I'm very well versed.
Pythagoras means Heart of the Serpent, he was born in Sidon, a fishing Port in Phoenicia. His mother recieved a message from the Oracle of Delphi that he would become a great Leader and Teacher. Sidon means Kingdom of the Fish, and the Essenes, who wrote the Dead Sea scrolls, worshipped Pythagoras. The Sarcophagus of Eschmun III found in Sidon names him as the Widow's Scion, aka Hiram Abiff, the Founder of Freemasonry, of which Tyre was the premier Capital (at least equal to Thebes).
In 911BC Rameses II married the Queen of Sidon, home of Jezebel (Daughter or consort of Baal, basically "Queen") founding Neo Assyrian Babylon, an alliance between Egypt and Hiram, father of Jezebel and King of Assyria, and Egypt, forming the Phoenician colonies and building the first Temple of Melqart to commemorate the alliance.
The Si in Sidon is the basis of the Latin Exe, or X, and is the basis of the Cross, or Chi Rho that Constantine painted on his shields. Also known as the Cross of Tyre, or Cross of Baal, being Ra-El, or Ba'El. Oddly enough irrational numbers can also be mapped using Euler's number, producing a Templar Cross in the process. This cross can also be seen around the neck of Nimrod in Assyria, and is consistent with the Union Jack, and Solstice Calendar found in the Vatican Shiva Lingam.
Shiva is the Hebrew word for 7, their culture also found its way to Japan (via the Phillipines) ultimately becoming Shintoism.
It was the Phoenicians who gave their name to the Pole Star, which they used to Navigate the Oceans using the Zodiac, thats what the Antikythera mechanism was for, and with it they wrote the Byblos Baal, what we now call the Bible. The first form of the Bible was written in 325BC and called the Vaticanus Greacus, or Son of the Sacred Serpent, a reference to Sirius, the basis of the Sothic Calendar, which uses a Hexidecimal or base 60 system found in all the Megalithic sites around the world.
In the second century AD astronomer Valentinus Vettori transcribed it into a Lunar chart of 13 houses, what we now call the Zodiac. Horoscope means Star Watcher, and the Phoenician word for Saturn, or El, was Israel or El, (Fruit) of Isis and Ra.
El is the primary God of the Phoenicians, representing the offspring of Egypt, and his consort Astarte represents the Assyrian half of the alliance. It may be possible to trace lineages and alliances through the naming of gods, which can be traced all the way to Ireland and the Vikings, and to Indonesia and the Americas, even as far away as New Zealand and Australia.
It denotes Sirius as Son of Orion and Pleaides, which sits at 33 degrees of the Zodiac. The basis of the Sothic (dir Seth) Calendar of the Egyptians. The New Moon in this position marks Rosh Hashanah, the Egyptian, Celtic, Phoenician, and Assyrian New Year, the first New Moon of September, which is called September because it's the 7th House of the Zodiac, when the Sun is in Ophiuchus.
The Phoenix, Benben, or Bennu is the Egyptian word for Heron, a Feathered 'Serpent'. It baptised itself in frankincense and myrrh at BaalBek, and then alights atop the Pyramid, upon the Holy Grail, or Alter of Ra every 630 years to take three days off the calendar during the course of the first New Moon of Nisan, which means "Prince". The Capstone of Pyramids is even called the Benben or Bennu.
The Phoenix is found in all religions, which are all Astrological Allegory for the Moon travelling through the Constellations, as a soul migrating from body to body, this is the basis of Joseph Campbell's Monomyth, or the Hero's Journey. The various planets no doubt play their own roles as portents, omens, and aspects, this astrology is the science of the Bronze age, and lasted all the way up to the 20th Century. Resurrection was an early teaching of the Christian Church, and likely relates to the lineage of Kings (The King is Dead, long live the King.)
Phoenicians represent the interim step between Egypt and Greece, their artisans and culture exceeding that of the Greeks, who literally adopted the Phoenician Alphabet, which we still use to this day, sounding out words phonetically. Phoenician is aliiterated in Venetian, and Vikings, being Kings of the Sea.
The Bennu is the Egyptian Phoenix, to Phoenicians the Hoyle, no different to the traditions of the Etruscans, who saw birds as sacred, just as the Celts. Hebrew and Iber as in Iberia have the same root meaning over, as in overseas, as in those who travel "over the sea." A colony called Iberia also appears on the Eastern shores of the Black Sea, where the same Dolmens and Megalithic culture originating in Ireland and Brittany appeared circa 4500BC.
_Phoenician_ means Scions of the Phoenix, the first Bible: Vaticanus Greacus Son of the Sacred Serpent (Prince). Then there's the Essenes, Sons of Light, the Tuatha De Danaan, Sons of Light, Annunaki, Sons of Light, Arthur Pendragon means Arthur Son of the dragon, Chertoff is Russian for "Son of the Devil" and Dracula also means Son of the Dragon, Masons have been known at times to call themselves the "Brotherhood of the Great White Serpent". The Ziggurat of Anu also denotes her as a great white Serpent, while New Grange and the Bru na Boinne in Ireland (4000BC) coated buildings with white quartz to denote the Moon. The Moon itself travels outside the Solar Elliptic by 5 degrees, which means it passes through specific constellations in a serpentine fashion that is always changing, but repeats every 19 years, the time it took to train a Druid or Magi, Magi meaning "Teacher" the Phoenix is also associated with this sacred number 19.
The name "Pharoah" means "Great House"
or "House of Light" and Cairo used to be called Babel. Pharaoh's themselves wore a hooded crown representing feathers, just as Native American Chiefs, ie the Feathered Serpent, they were also called the Commander in Chief. Aztecs also had Serpent Kings, (Canaan means Serpent Kings, and Sidon was a Son of Canaan, and Great Grandson of Noah) who were called to lead with cunning and guile, being the very virtue by which they claim the title in the first place; but to be seen in public as just and diplomatic.
"As wise as Serpents, but gentle as Doves" the old Egyptian flag of an Eagle attacking a Snake is also reflected in the Modern Mexican flag, denoting the Constellations of Serpentis (13th sign of the Zodiac) and Aquila.
The dimensions and 12 mathematical constants of the Great Pyramid are also expressed in New Grange, and Stonehenge, as well as in Watson Brake, (2500BC) and Teotihuacan, which correlates to the Phoenician/ Sumerian Hexidecimal system, which is what our modern systems of time are based on.
Officially no one knows who invented astrology, the zodiac, navigation by the stars, and time keeping. But whoever built the pyramids, and pioneered the 24hr clock in Egypt 5000 years ago also knew the exact dimensions of the Earth, as well as the speed of light. These calculations can all be made using these Megalithic sites as surveyors use a theodolite. Specifically Teotihuacan, which sits 180 degrees opposite Cairo, and has the exact same footprint. The ideal positions to determine the speed of light using the transit of Venus, by which one can accurately determine Longitude for navigation. Capt cook did the same thing in 1774 when he 'discovered' Easter Island.
The only culture that fits the bill was wiped out "not one stone upon the other" by the Romans in 146BC. Tyre, the capital of Phoenicia (israel) sat just offshore from Ur Shalom, City of the New Moon, or City of Peace. The root of the name Jerusalem, and was also seized by Rome in 70AD after a 13 year seige. The gap between is 216 years.
Greek Dionysians built the Temple of Solomon (now called the Temple of Melqart) representing the Solar Lunar Metonic Calendar on which this system is based, they also carried mirrors, a practice associated with both the Magi and the Druids as well as Greek and Egyptian scholars, these Mirrors are Astrological charts called "Cycladian Frying Pans" and record the cycles of the planets. The first Temple of Melqart (the Phoenician form of Horus, or Hercules, or Pan, or Thor) representing the 13th Constellation of Ophiuchus or the Serpent Bearer (hence Orphic Serpent worship) had pillars of Emerald and Gold, representing Isis and Osiris. The Jerusalem Temple only took payment in "Shekels of Tyre" a currency minted during the Jewish rebellion against Rome. "Give that which is Ceasar's unto Ceasar"
When Alexander sacked Tyre in 332BC they moved to Carthage meaning "New City" or New Jerusalem, where they built a second temple with Pillars of Bronze.
Nebuchadnezzar also seiged Tyre for 13 years, taking the City captive in 573BC: the same time as the biblical account of the Jews. And again in 70AD after a three and a half year seige, also consistent with biblical accounts.
@@Uncanny_Mountain Wow, thanks. I’ll need my coffee first.👍
@@Uncanny_Mountain - He was almost certainly from Samos. Why are you ranting about Pythagoras here?
From the comments I'm guessing no one is watching the video up to 35:51? I don't know what to say, I just want to send the family my warmest regards and may Nick's memory live long and be a blessing!
Fascinating history that I was not aware of. Thank you for sharing this.
Just reading a sample of the chop shop comments below it becomes clear how virtually everyone has little real clue and are just pushing their own biases on this matter. Every statement reads differently from the next one. The Picts were this, the Picts were that, they were Scottish, they were Irish, they popped up from the ground like angels. So ridiculous. Just admit that nobody knows for sure, it's less hassle.
The picts was kangz
The Picts were pretending to be comedians , like Gilbert and Sullivan 🪇😯
@Dimple_5 Of course they would be Scottish, they were the majority stock population of proto-Scotland. It was Scotland in all but name. It was called Alba, which is the old kingdom of Scotland, which is the same name the ancient Irish (Hiberni) recognised in their 'Annals of the Four Masters' document, and that name Alba (Scotland) was related to the oldest and most ancient name of the island of Great Britain - Albion.
Exactly. I just read some ridiculous comment about how there is a Finnish connection...after years of researching the Picts...and earlier people of these lands...not once have I ever heard of this supposed Finnish connection. Far be it for me to say they're wrong, though but seems a little over the top
@ScarlettBoudicca You seem to be too hung up on that label/term 'Pict', the word only started to be used on record to describe the early Scots/people of Scotland from the year 297, it was first used by the Roman writer Eumenius when he wrote a congratulatory letter to Tacitus that year. Today Scottish academia involved in the field holds that the term is little more than a 'chronological' identity of the Scots, meaning that it describes the people of Scotland who lived in a 'certain period' of time, and that time extends from as early as the bronze age to as late as the early medieval age, just like the terms 'Edwardian', 'Elizabethan' and 'Georgian' are used to describe medieval age English people who lived in a certain period of England's history as well, and the term 'Victorian' to refer to all British people as a whole (Scots included) who were born before the year 1901.
As for the term 'Celtic', again, this is another label some people get too hung up on, the term was first invented by the English linguist Edward Lhuyd in the 18th century to group old British forms of language together, such as Cumbric and Cornish, it was then later expanded to include historical continental European languages, such as those of Gaul (proto-France) and even Iberia (proto-Spain). None of these nations ever historically identified with the term, it was a foreign word put on them by other people (this has been done before all too often). Edward Lhuyd merely took the old Greco form of the word 'Keltoi' - which was just a Greeks word for a non-Greek foreigner which applied to anyone who was not Greek - including most of Europe, some of Asia and even parts of Africa that were known to the ancient Greek empire at the time, and then he Anglicised it to 'Celtic' and then gave it an entirely new definition (for linguistic purposes only).
I am a woman and my mother’s mother’s family were Pictish, from the Borders region. My mother said her grandmother’s family had lived on the same land since the Stone Age and that when her mother was a little girl, she used to holiday on her grandparent’s estate. While there, she would be explore caves on the estate and found cave paintings that her grandfather told her were painted by her ancestors thousands of years ago, during the Stone Age.
My mother’s family still live there, and my mother’s family tend to be black or brown haired, brown or green eyed people with a wiry, muscular build (lanky and thin as children and teens, even with good nourishment!) either medium height or very tall with swarthy, olive skin. As children they like to climb trees, explore wilderness places, run and “make cubby houses”! This fits with what you were saying about the Picts being descended from Neolithic peoples of North Eastern Britain.
And what Borders area is that ? I lived near Thornhill
Where abouts in the borders? I'd love to visit those caves. Had no clue of their existance.
Aye, and on top of it I was born on a Full Moon. This month is my birth month and there are two Full Moons.
This reminds me of one of our Canadian cabinet ministers, Sean Fraser. He is tall and slim, and has black hair. He's from Nova Scotiaand there are the "Black Irish" too.
There are not many families who remembers cave painters from stone age.
thank you so much for this - very interesting. nice to have some actual data/dna rather than simply conjecture in this area. thanks for the 'translation' and transmission of this research - it's such a pity that advances in this field (& others) so often remain in the academic realm
I love nerding out!
So glad to find this! Always wanted to know more about the Picts.
It's fascinating stuff but I have huge difficulty absorbing it all. It's time we had a Netflix series based on it! 🙂
I remember from my English history only that the Picts would dip their arrows in rotting flesh to insure infection of the recipient.
I love learning new things of history. Thank you for sharing.
Anyone ever tell you not to believe everything you hear and that goes for the internet.
I liked how you dePICTed the state of historical research
Oh my god, I always wondered about the Picts. I heard of them from a variety of sources but I was never sure if they were even real, to be honest. So glad I found this video
I wish people who made videos like this learned how to get to the point, like a news article. It's as though they deliberately avoid telling any relevant facts like they are trying to make you wait to the very end before revealing anything of substance. Skip the first 34 minutes if you want to get to the stunning lack of conclusive information contained in the video.
I've always been fascinated by the Picts. Thank you for posting this.
This is a well presented study. It is of course limited by small sample size and unknown social information. Clearly humans were always on the move and the more we can learn about that the better! Thankis for sharing this.
Being British English now living in Norway, I can testify that In England there is a greater variety of face types than there is in Norway. Just looking at the faces it seems clear that when the Germanic English invaded they defeated armed resistance but did not kill every Briton. Though they were apart in culture and blood a human being is valuable as a farm worker, servant, slave or ally. In time while the English dominated there would naturally be genetic intermingling locally. They were all though what we now see as distinctly European. In no way Middle-Eastern, African or Asian.
I have twin granddaughters---one looks just like her German Mother with brown eyes, and the other looks just like her Irish Father with beautiful Blue eyes! So--- how on earth can you go back thousands of years and try to explain
what human beings looked like? In the US, all we learn are the words---Stone Age, Cave Men, Iron Age, Copper Age,
and now in the 21st century it's the DIAMOND Age!!!! I wonder who the Scotch-Irish look like!!!!😇😇😇'S
Scotch is whisky ,scotsirish are known in uk as UlsterScots
I was introduced to the Picts by the Pink Floyd "musical" piece " Several species of small animals gathered together in a cave and grooving with a Pict" I was curious as to what a "Pict" was so I looked into it and discovered a fascinating history of the British Isles and the people there. I had never heard of these people before.
I have that set as my ringtone!! You can bet I get some crazy looks when my phone goes off.
My grandmother's maiden name was MacLaren, wish I still had some of those tartans and things .
In kindergarten I had an assignment to bring in a list of funny sounding words, I brought a list in Gaelic, everybody thought I made them up.
I like that but several species is kinda long, you must have used the speaking part?@@petevenuti7355
@@petevenuti7355 Haha! Gaelic words are something else, aren't they! Rarely does it sound like it looks. I hike regularly here in Scotland . Lowland hill and river names are fine but usually we hike farther north (in the Trossachs mainly) and we I'm sure we mangle those names something terrible! Occasionally I will look up the correct pronunciation online. I can naturally roll my 'R's and get 'ch' correct as in 'loch' [as opposed to 'lock' which is something totally different!] but apart from that it's take a best stab at it! Atb...Terry
@@TerryMcGearyScotland my girlfriend keep telling me to make that ____ sound (she would make some noise that's supposed to be a rolling r but ... Not ) trying to get me to pronounce a few things like that, and I'd pretend not to know what she's taking about so she keeps making silly sounds...
I'll never have a real accent like my grandma, but sometimes I just sound like it ... just happens.
Because they were black people that's why you never here about them
SO GLAD this channel continued!!!
i thought the creators stopped it after one of the founders passed away
That's so sad.... I'm glad this site is continuing.
It's a good thing, he's a far left anti white freak.. good riddance@@cecileroy557
You also need to take into consideration the Scottish diaspora. People currently living in Scotland may not be the same people because of the thousands that were removed during the Clearances. I have aDNA matches to Scotland but also many more to the USA, Australia and Canada. Both of my grandmothers have Scottish ancestry both back to the 1700s.
So, I was born in Scotland to Scottish parents that both have names that come from clans etc. My 23 and me was interesting to say the least. 95% Scottish/Irish (high but expected) 3% sub saharan african... OK we all started there etc, then the curve ball 2% unidentified... Did some research, that normally means they have never had a sample with my dna to study good enough to determine the origin. Pretty cool considering the size of their database.
In a nutshell the Picts were another Celtic tribe.
At my quick glance, which means I might be wrong, it seems that the Picts might be a more pure Celtic tribe. Meaning that they were lacking or having less pre-indoeuropean "local" women.
If you want to oversimplify it sure. People like to categorize everything.
I believe they were Celtic as they were La Tene. Though I think they were multiple tribes. The word walhaz as used by Germani to describe Romans has been also claimed to be used to describe Celts but the only independent Celts would be Picts and Irish and the term afaik was never used for them. It was used for the Celtic speaking Britons of course, but they happily embraced Roman culture and claimed Roman ancestry.
My brother just saw an article about two sets of bones that were discovered in the late 1800’s, Gen Scot 24 and Gen Scot 26. Two related men that date back to the Neolithic Age and are DNA matched to my brother’s and Dad’s DNA tests. They also matched Kit Carson, Davy Crockett and Chuck Norris. They date to 6,000 years ago, not just 300 CE to 900CE. But we also show Pict and Dal Riata. (sp?). So when and where did the men come from? They were discovered within 100 miles of Glen Coe , near Argyle etc. our history puts our men in Glen Coe during the Massacre, along side the Mac Donald’s but in the Glen before the Mac Donald’s, related to the first Chiefs of the area.
@@davesmith3023we all came from the same people if we go back far enough tbh
@@lyssanch3096 Out of Africa.
This DNA testing brings up interesting stuff it seems. I'm tempted to give it a try. I would keep my chromosomes crossed to have something unusual discovered in my genome!
Definitely most informative for those with a greater knowledge of genetics and it’s terminology as well as anthropology.
Who were those who built the standing stones in Scotland? About 3000 years before the Picts mentioned in the video. They were probably the same people, but maybe not.
"Who were those who built the standing stones in Scotland? About 3000 years before the Picts mentioned in the video. They were probably the same people, but maybe not."
They weren't built by Celtic people, who originate from the Hallstatt culture. Since by recent research they might be actually far older that previously thought, it becomes harder to say. Let's say they were built either by the Tuatha Dé Danann or the Fomorians :) If you don't take those stories about them as accurate.
As you said...dense!! Thank you for this highly researched video. Loved it.
Dense meaning thick.
... and it was.
😉
The Picts certainly changed a bit since the Hyborian Age
You stole my thunder.
Bran Mac Muffin agrees
80 Conq LFG
@@bluebird3281 Bran At Morn seconds that.
Maaaq
9:20 This is my exact style of drawing. I've been drawing these in all their variations and more since I was a kid. When I look at it I understand exactly what it is and what the person who did it felt when they did it because I feel exactly why each curve is how it is
I was wondering if you were going to do a Pictorial history versus a strict verbal one.
Im from the north east of Scotland, the Pict or rather Cruithnich heartlands. Our place names are a mixture of Gaelic and Cruithnich, which could be close to Welsh. Myself and a group of friends did DNA tests on behalf of American clan societies, the results for all of us were the same, 2 ingredients, Celtic and Finnish. Finnish could be confused with Estonian or Sapmi. Don't ask me the details because I'm not up to speed with DNA. We were all predominately Celtic, I was 1/3rd Finnish. Our typical appearance is very fair skin and dark hair. When I have bene to Ireland, noted similar appearance. In England I notice fair hair, but darker skin is more common. Orcadians I have met are blond
so where does the scottish red hair come from?
Have you ever looked in to Scotland’s Hidden Sacred Past? bestselling author Freddy Silva examines the Neolithic culture, Gaelic language and sacred traditions of the Scottish Isles and finds a trail of evidence leading to the Armenian Highlands.
@@MsVanorak my best guess is evolution. Apparently Scotland is one of the most cloud covered countries. It’s also just as common with the Irish, who are also very cloud covered.
Etymology of place names tells us a lot.
Aber-Inver distribution.
All the best, from the Pictish Kingdom of Fib (Venicone)
I would think this study is a bit more precise in the DNA analysis and data usage than those that are commercially available to ordinary people and groups. In other words how any of these companies might break down a DNA sample geographically, will not only vary from company to company based on whatever statistics they're using ATM, but will also vary over time. IDK if they give you all the scientific probabilities for each data point (like why they concluded your DNA profile was part Finnish and what the probability of that was compared to something else).
Because if you think about it, it doesn't sound very likely without some known explanation of WHY there would be so much Finnish DNA around Eastern Scotland. Norwegians and Danes went west, but Swedes and any Finns who might have gone with them in real numbers went east. So it is odd. Further consider, that these analysis are done most likely by a computer that just looks for the closest typical regional match in their data. If the programming has a tendency to match a certain kind of Scandinavian DNA as "Finnish" regardless of nuances, then that's what you'll get.
Wondering how we feel about L1335 -> L1065 that was previously seen as Pictish? Does the recent findings of DF49 in Pictish burials mean that L1335 -> L1065 is better suited for the gaels of Dal Riata? When you look at S744 (downstream of L1065) it is extremely concentrated in Argyll and is only found in 2 ancient samples. The ancient samples are both Vikings (Norway and Faroe Islands) so it’s likely that this group of S744 was taken from either Ireland or the west coast of Scotland
Glad to see some new content good to hear you. How are Mrs. Barksdale and family doing i hope well?
He's an ethnic Yankee, of the native Yank Doodle tribes of North America.
@RR-pe5or yeah us yanks are mostly Scottish, English ancestry with some swede/Norse mixed in. My own family from Devon, circa 1620s, and the Bennetts from north of the English/Scottish border. Of course like most Yankees, there's some other bloodlines but our major ancestry England 🇬🇧. Yankee by birth, but the British isles winning out. Sorry, you can't get rid of us that easily. 😂😂😂😂
@70stunes71 What do you mean by 'British isles winning out'? In fairness we actually got rid of you people a long time ago, your people have changed a lot since 1492, as have our stock population/people, or to be more specific, we got rid of each other following the Treaty of Ghent following the great war of 1812, however it's more the Yankees of the Yank Doodle tribes of North America who still try to attach themselves onto us rather than the other way, it's largely a one-way latch on complex as many from the British nations just simply don't and can't identify with Americanisms and Americanised things, in some ways we even have more association with our Commonwealth allies as we have a unique history with them that doesn't apply to Americans and therefore would be as foreign to Americans as many of their customs are to us, and even Americans don't and can't identify with us from a modern context, only in historical things and contexts, it's a strange contradiction all around, many Yanks still seem to live as though they are trapped in a 1600s timewarp, to them as it's as though all of the worlds history only started then and that the 17th century never really ended, we see this in many of the extremely outdated stereotypes the ethnic Yank peoples still have about us and our nations.
Also it's a bit selective don't you think? To only focus on learning of ancestors who were not themselves Yanks when the vast majority of your most immediate and most relatable ancestors were also themselves Yanks? Why is it this attitude is endemic to America? No other nation seems to do this, it would be so easy to invade and conquer your nation again simply via psychological 'divide and conquer' tactics, which suggests your nation has a very weak national identity. A people are forged by their nation in so many ways than you realise, Americans too are very different to us in ways you don't seem to be aware of, why do you think that is? Is self-deracination really a price worth paying to be viewed this way in the efforts of attempting to foster connection to us when it involves the subtle undermining and gradual internal destruction of your own nation and its people?
It was a very difficult video. Truly a lot of specialized language.
always a wonder, the various genetics of people who lived relatively close to each other. the british isles are fascinating with influences from Scandinavia and europe.
go to Findochty (known as Finechtae - or Finechty) and that area if you want to find a Pictish link. Note the Nechtae part of the name. Related to Nechtan a Pictish name.
Fascinating.......but I will need to watch it again to fully comprehend!!
The study sounds quite clever with all those technical words, but in the complexity of the DNA investigation one thing was overlooked. The Scandanavian DNA could be the Picts. The Picts were culturally distinct, but genetically homogenous with the other Scandanavians. What we regard as people foreign to Britain may have been long-term pre-Roman occupants who cremated their dead, leaving no trace in the genetic record. Perhaps they made a large scale marine evacuation of the Isles rather than being wiped out or enslaved by the Romans and later the Normans?
Interesting that Scandinavian type DNA found from before the early medieval period. One possible explaination may be that this DNA came from the early Bronze Age Beaker Folk (Corded Ware/Single Grave ?) immigrants who lived in Southern Scandinavia, north/West Germany and the Low countries. Great Video, I look forward to your next one.
This Channel is So Wrong, you more so... We know exactly were the Viking DNA From, we know all this History, it's all known, and it was the Scoti that came from Scythia, if you Read the Most Important Historical Document out of Scotland you would know this, the Declaration of Arbroath! My Ancestor Signed It! It's Called a Pedigree! The Chief of Ross the Earl of Ross was 4th to Seal it! FYI the Majority of Ross' are Scottish, and Related by way of the 4th Earl of Ross on! Name once Protected by Law! I am a Scoti, a Scytian!!! We Crushed the Picts, go watch someone that actually knows History Unlike this Channel!
You need to do much more research. You need to look beyond mythology/legends based upon unreliable documents that have been discredited by modern DNA analyses and archaeology. If you have DNA evidence that the Scots came from Sythia and that the Picts were "crushed" by the Scots (does this mean made extinct) then lets see your proof/links.@@randyross5630
@@randyross5630 Scandinavian DNA existed before the Viking age, and after. The Vikings didn't just appear out of thin air in Scandinavia- nor did they suddenly develop the knowledge of how to build sea going boats. Actually there are quite a few Celtic objects from earlier periods in Scandinavia showing that there were trade links with the British Isles. It isn't all that hard to imagine that seasonal fishing expeditions would soon find the east Scottish coast, do a bit of trade, and soon make a regular thing of it. And where there is regular contact...well humans do what they do.
And the Scythia thing was never more than the kind of early Medieval myth based on a similarity in how the names sound, plus then wanting everything to have a "classical" origin. I mean except for Bede's account, is there anyone who even mentions boatloads of Scythians sailing through the Med at what would be the right time? Even a small fleet? Enough really to replace whatever people might have ALREADY been living on the East coast of Scotland to any noticeable degree rather than just intermixing, so that one could claim later that the "Scottish" came from Scythia? I mean I seriously doubt that there was more than a merchant boat or two from the Med, if any at all- and who knows where they may really have been from. Bede just made the sort assumptions typical for the age; Scotti=Scythians. They were curious then, as we are now, of the history and origins of people and places, but didn't have the means to answer it as we do. They put a lot of stock in names and myths, and even then there was "culturally correct" answer.
@@randyross5630 The picts may have been serpent people like your Roths. The map shows them originating from the same water hole as your serpent ancestors.
@@libbyhicks7549I’d go back to taking those meds.
The Scythian connection/background and pathway to the British Iles map seems oddly sketched up? Why not an arrival over todays Russia and Scandinavia by first Russian rivers, then the Baltic Sea, the Danish belts, the Kattegat and finally the Norths Sea? Seems more logical also since Denmark was partially populated from Scythia in their second grand westward expansion/migration as long as 5-7000 years ago. Thank you for a great video.
The word 'Scot' also originates from the word 'Scythia', by way of Scottish - Scot - Y-Scot - Scyt - Scyth - Scyth - Scythae - Scythia etc.
The word Scutten is an ancient Germanic form and the word Skotto is an ancient Greek form.
The historic Asian based Scythian also referred to themselves by the word 'Scoloti'. The Scots largely are an Indo group of people.
Explains a lot - - czcams.com/video/fbbSVjVWX-4/video.html
@@RR-pe5or that's interesting to learn, thank you
Some say some scots are from tribe of dan, sythians.
my dna test links me to both at least my true ancestry dna does.@@angeldevilleheavenly4009
My and my dad's paternal haplogroup is I2a2a. I just recently read that it is a haplogroup that is found in Scotland and surrounding areas since at least neolithic times. And very well may be associated with the picts.
I doubt it because the pict were black people
@@tommyjohnson6410 So were the Romans, Julius Caesar, Ancient Greeks, Alexander the Great, Aristotle, Achilles, Paris, the Carthaginians, Hannibal Barca, Ancient Egyptians, Ramases II, Indus Valley people, Bactra-Margiana people, Aztecs, Maya, Sioux, Cherokee, Inuits, Incas, Moche, ancient Chinese, Chin Emperor, Khmer, ancient Polynesians, Mongols, Turks, Osman I, Persians, Cyrus the Great, Abraham, Israelites, Moses, David, Sumerians, Akkadians, Sargon the Great, Assyrians, Scythians, Cimmerians, Hittites, Celts, Vercingetorix, Vikings, Rollo, Rurik, Byzantines, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Turner, Constable, Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth, Drake, Hanno the Navigator, Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Van Diemen, Cleopatra, Beethoven, Picasso, Cezanne, Bach, Galileo, Newton, Captain Cook, Darwin, Einstein...
Have I missed any?
@@tommyjohnson6410oh yes everyone is black and black is best and history is being rewritten to this effect. If you dont believe this you are racist!
Sounds like you have rare ancient DNA!
@@tommyjohnson6410no, lol. The Picts were very, very white and had a high percentage of red hair.
Your diction and delivery is amazing spanning biological, anthropological, and genetic terms and concepts. A polymath you are!
Appart from Gaelic in Scotland is pronounced Gah leek and Alba is Ala Pah
Clearly bird-brained.
@@sheikowi and keeps the women away and vampire... Gaelic, most of the population cant even read it.
@@wor53lg50I'll put my hand up to that! Neither of my parents or grandparents (at least) knew Gaelic , we're too far south. It does seem odd to me that our railway station signs down here are in English and Gaelic . I think it's for the tourists 🙂No harm in it though if it helps keep the ancient language alive.
@@Albanach-je1nk But, he's speaking English, in which case the proper pronunciations are gay-lick or gal-ick, and al-bah or ahl-bah.
There were far more than five languages. Brythonc had several variations many ogf which have been lost to history. In recent centuries There have been Cornish and Manx as well as Romany and the various Asian languages now common inn the UK The north west of England has had a variety of Celtic which is now rarely spoken anywhere else. At the time of the Picts there were other now enigmatic folk such as the Attecoti.
When it comes to languages in Britain it has largely been a progression of many different dialects that have merged over time and may explain the great variety of accents. The myth of a standard English is a joke. Even today it depends on where you are in the world eg Jamaica; Australia; South Africa or, indeed, North America. Some folk may take on a snobbish attitude but English is a growing language and always has been
The same applies to German: nobody really speaks "Hochdeutsch". Most German speakers speak their local dialects, which can be arranged in families. Italian is very similar. France on the other hand, has worked very hard to get rid of regional variations (not all gone, but certainly much reduced).
And 'Norn.'
The standard variant in a language is a model taken by the state to have a language for administrative purposes. The thing is that it has also been used to commit ethnocide through stigma-propaganda:. The further a variant (or another language) is from the standard, the more likely it was to be targetted for its disappearance through stigmatisation of its speakers, explicit bans on its use in different contexts (schools, church, playgrounds, written language, songs...) and so on.
All the areas invaded by the Romans...
were culturally destroyed....
tradicions and language destroyed....
I'm pleased someone brought up the Attacotti (?). Didn't St Jerome describe them as being from NW Scotland, cannibals and speaking an unknown language.
For my money they could be remnants of the Neoloithic first farmers, practising sky burials and then defleshing the bones before putting them in long barrows, like you find in N Scotland.
Just a thought..... DNA might provide some answers.
There was also a pretty substantial injection of Flemings in the Renaissance period into the east and somewhat in the north. Again, this was a project to upgrade crafts & commerce, to “add value” to Scotland’s produce like wool.
Fascinating. Thank you.
Love this type of history.
All very informative, I'm sure, but anyone who hasn't had college-level classes in genetics will be put to sleep by this video.
Haha I micro-sleeped a few times, but the ghosts of my ancestors kept tapping me on the shoulder!
More burials need to be discovered & excavated in the Pictlands in order to get a sample large enough to draw a lot of conclusions from.
The problem we have is that it's extremely rare to find any human remains from this era in North-East Scotland as the soil in this part of the world is highly acidic.
There was never a people that called themselves Picts in Scotland. Picti was the name the Romans gave the tattooed people they saw there. They were probably Gaels, Celts of some type/types going by artifacts left behind. They warred with and were invaded and assimilated by people from all around them. The Romans penetrated far deeper into Scotland than is generally thought, it is interesting to read about this. Various Scandinavians ruled and populated large parts, the Irish came and stayed, the tattoos went out of fashion or those that once wore them died out, all of this before 1066. There were little or no records kept of what happened there for centuries. The oldest histories were often written centuries later than the events they purport to document and what was written was usually little better than myths.
Actually, very interesting theory. In fact, I like it. But who populated Scotland when the Romans came? It were mainly Britons, because Gaels migrated into Scotland in 4 AD, before that there were pre-Celtic and Celtic (Brythonic) People. The mix of this people named Picts. And also, many manuscripts left about Picts. And many of them are calling Picts the true lords of British Isles.
So, your theory is actually wrong. But I like it.
yes, the Venerable Bede is not a source. i don't know why anyone still bothers to refer to him.
Thank you for this post 🎉❤
How did so many people end up sailing around Scotland without checking it out or landing and ending up at Ireland?
If you assume that a hostile landscape was already inhabited by a people unwilling to give way to immigrants when theres already scarce food and shelter... well Scotland has had a reputation of being difficult to take and hold.
I wondered what was with the East coast avoidance also. As the closer cost to Europe you would have thought they would have landed there rather than sail around to the west coast
This is great. 😊 I'm mostly western continental european but get pictish samples, and I lived in Nova Scotia, Canada as a teenager, for me one of the best cultures and places to live in. I should go to Scotland
It is utter garbage.
Informative as always.
I'm more interested in where they came from than in where they are now. Certain parts of the genetics can track relationships to parts of Europe
It's important to understand that in Bede's time, Scandinavians were often called "Scythians" in Greek and Latin texts. He probably wasn't saying that they sailed from Ukraine, but from the Scandinavian peninsula.
There is, in fact, archaeological evidence supporting the Scythian migration into Scandinavia, such as the appearance of short recurved bows and mounted warriors on stone carvings from the beginning of the Scandinavian iron age, along with a paper trail of classical geographies which seem to place some tribes in Finland and suggest that even the Sarmatians (who'd driven the Scythians out of Scythia) had pushed as far as the Baltic by the first century.
Much of what little we know about the Picts seems consistent with a Scythian origin. For instance, they had relatively high levels of gender equality, they wore body art, carved picture stones, avoided Roman conquest and had an angular script, designed to be cut into wood. All of this stuff is also true of the Scythians and Scandinavians.
Personally, I suspect that the Picts were a group who'd set out from the Norwegian coast and were carried to the northern British Isles by the North Sea currents, as has frequently occurred during the historical period. As with many other invasions, they probably didn't displace the local population, but achieved supremacy over it through violence and imposed their own culture, while being themselves influenced by the existing one. I think archaeologically, they seem to have a lot more in common with Scandinavians than with Celts, but I wouldn't expect to see substantial genetic evidence for it.
The Norse and Scythians weren't matriarchal either - they were just not generally strongly patriarchal (though this varied over the centuries and between tribes), but you do make some good points. The tradition that put Boudicca on the throne is unlikely (though not impossible) to have had a Scandinavian derivation, so nor can the Pictish tradition (which indeed, may be a myth) be strongly tied to Scandinavia.@@damionkeeling3103
They can use the Danube to travel to Anatolia, the path the original settlers took re the Cucuteni. Vikings served for Constantine by virtue of this route
@@damionkeeling3103 same with Israelites
Aka the Phoenicians
Q: Scandinavians were often called "Scythians" in Greek and Latin texts...
A: They were known as the Sveones, Goths, Francs etc. and were not mistaken with the Scythians in Greeks and Latin texts. There were at least two historical migration from Ukraine to Britain: on the 2nd century AD by Marcus Aurelius, and since the 5th century AD along with the Anglo-Saxes.
@@Uncanny_Mountain The Israelites were Hebrews descended from Shem, Semites. Phonecians were Canaanites from the tribe of Sidon, through Ham. So Phoenecians are Hamitic. Hebrews were told to eradicate all Canaanites from Israel, Joshua tried.
One question I’ve always wondered is, whenever one group moves into a new territory and takes it over, which we can tell from genetics, language, etc., how often are the killing all the people who are there, and how often were they intermarrying? I’ve heard discussion about how when the new Europeans came into a new region, all the males appear to have been killed, leaving only females to breed with the new conquerors, and I’d really love to have more in-depth information on this topic, based on what the genetics tells us
Its prooved it didnt really happen in britain, thats the benefit of being an island, basically the invaders bribed the natives as the logistics was to much off a head ache, the DNA supports this has hardly any roman DNA can be found in indigenous britons Lineage whereas Scandinavian/saxon can, but even this is in a small percentage as the majority of the DNA shows to be native as in celt and original to the land, romans basically came with a army and administration that walled themselves in, it would have been against roman rule to marry a native slave or it would be looked down on, and even when a native slave fell pregnant from their master the infant was usually killed or sacrificed, vikings and saxons did marry and have familys the reason why this DNA shows up more but this was no way genocide or with a simple breeding out, it seemed that both cultures adapted to each other, im guessing mainly because they was so close and likewise in those cultures ways of life and beliefs, also the native chieftains would marry into viking, saxon, nobility and royalties further strengthening ties with the indigenous population as with the danelaws....
It sounds very unlikely that whole replacement was something that happened unless the place was originally inhabited by a very small population. It's not like mass genocide was the norm when a group of people arrived somewhere. Culturally though - that's another story. As with the realization that "the Celts" were not a population or ethnic group, but instead a continent-spanning shared culture between various different tribes and peoples. And later there were the Romans invading the Celtic-speaking Gaul, and now everybody there speaks a Latin-based language - but nobody is proposing that this is because the Romans wiped out the existing population and replaced it with people of Latin-regional origin.
Edit: In reply to the next commenter - I should add "whole sale genocide didn't really start happening until modern firearms were invented". The Romans didn't, Alexander the Great's campaigns didn't, the Persian empire didn't, and, to go to a later time - the Mongols didn't. Lots of bloodshed, but not genocide. The conquered areas didn't involve replacing all natives with Mongols.
@@tohaason TO who,??? to arse what??, to whats happened in maui, TO whats happening in canada, TO those in authority id be keeping 2 eyes on this one..⬆️..
"One question I’ve always wondered is, whenever one group moves into a new territory and takes it over, which we can tell from genetics, language, etc., how often are the killing all the people who are there, and how often were they intermarrying? "
How often is hard to say. But you can see it from what happened to male-genome. What's certainly uncommon is that they exterminate the conquered women too.
@@wor53lg50 Wtf are you trying to say?
Could you please make a video on the jiroft civilisation of Ancient Iran? I love your content btw and enjoy learning new information everyday. 😊
So glad sama is still here❤❤❤
19:35 I'm so happy you found a picture of my Greatx50 grandmother, Lagertha to use in illustrating this research. 😁
Great video…. I’m fascinated with the historical evolution for inhabitation of the British Isles (England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland). The terrain of this region is not very inviting for settling, so the different peoples who decided to migrate to either of these islands is intriguing. The reason why this happened is not very obvious, but living on the continent of Europe must have been a very difficult struggle for survival. The history of humanity is based upon this same struggle. Survival of the fittest is the core of human survival and our history. So to be pushed to the last point of European land is an interesting situation to encounter. What a group of people’s would do on the mainland is not the same as what their reactions would be when they are pushed to the end of their options for land to flee to. England became such a broader ‘melting pot’ when compared to Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. I’m guessing that it is that way because of closer proximity to the mainland and a less defensible terrain (but I am only speculating). Thank you for posting this video
Survival of the fittest is a myth and a lie more popular than anything Darwin ever said. Have you ever been to Europe, let alone Scotland? Not very inviting? It's practically a paradise, rich in everything people could ever want and need.
Your speculations are poorly formed, based as they are on ignorance and misinformation. There's a good reason that you're speaking English right now, and that's in part down to the very nature of the British Isles and the peoples who thrived there.
@@StevieMoore68 What does he get wrong?
Well, seen from the Norwegian " vikings ", Britain was not to be pushed to the corner of the continent but rather a heavenly land for crops and improving quality of life x)
Excellent doccie and superb narration
No notice taken of Sinclair's Statistical review re Shetlands and the Picts -the good Bishop said it was well known that they fled to Shetlands and at that time there were only a few people who still spoke more than a few words.
The Romans were all over Scotland like a rash - they didn't stop at Hadrians wall - look up Antonine Wall - have a look at OS maps of the Highlands and you'll see roman roads and forts all over the place. They were great sailors and were all over Aberdeenshire too.
Having the Bayeux tapestry as a background doesn't make a lot of sense when discussing Scotland.
I know this sounds harsh and violates norms but I imagine at some point we'll collect the DNA from those who've been in tombed, barried, etc. It'll be very helpful for many different reasons. We are reverse engineering time and in doing so all available information needs to be collected and placed online (the datafication of all information).
I wouodn't hold out a lot of hope for many Pictish bones. It’s very difficult to get DNA from any era because so much of Scotland’s soils are so acid. The guy they found in the cave at Rosemarkie in 2016, dated to 430-630AD did have links to people on Orkney, apparently. He also had some similarity to his contemporaries in Ireland.
10:32 the illustration is slightly incorrect. Breton is not descended from Gaulish, it is descended from Brythonic and is believed to have been mutually intelligible with Cornish up to the 13th century (some say it still is, but they are definitely separate languages now). Celtic Pictish is likely to have been closely related to Cumbrian and the language of the Hen Ogledd (Old Welsh). Even in this model Gaulish has to split from Brythonic before Breton and Cornish diverge from Brythonic.
Such a small sample size does little to decode the Pictish enigma. Actually it obfuscates with the darkening of presumed authority often attributed to DNA analysis and scientific jargon. The problem with the Picts has often been hermeneutical especially when framed within or in contrast to an Anglo-British meta-narrative and mythos.
Why not test the DNA of the known clans that had pictish origins, like the clan Alpin and it's septs? However, I have to add previous to Kenneth it would need to be Mitochondrial DNA tests...
My clan McMillan is said to be a tribe of Moray who derived from the ancient people of Kanteai one of the subsidiaries of the northern Picts according to book of Scittish Clan and Family Names by Roddy Martine.
Well bery good idea huj as Europe was also invaded by many
My parents are Irish I have a clan name from Republic of Ireland
@@mairilinacremac heard is Scottish and mc irish hun just letting u know what u told
Audrey, although my surname was McMillan it is still clan MacMillan. Sometimes the Mac was abbreviated to Mc in written documents. I am 93% Scottish and 7% Irish. I am descended from King Somerled onf the Isles.
The Picts may have been familiar with Stonehenge. There are are also the beakers. these two are very old. before history
There is a mistake at 10.31
Breton diversified from Brythonic in the same manner as Welsh and Cornic. Not from Gaullish
Excellent! I learned something about the Picts! But also I learned why the Northeasteners and Cumbrians differ greatly from the Yorkshire people.
My grandmother from the north western boarders between scotland and england mentioned something to me about our links to pictish ancestory some time ago my grandfathers family settled on the north western boarders of scotland/england some 700+ yrs ago.
History facinates me, thank you for this thorough detailed doc on the history of the picts.
Not bad for A.I. But its too hard to track those gene number names. Its totally confusing.
My brother sent in a dna sample from The Big Y test and was contacted personally by the geneticists to let him know that they identified that he carried a mutant gene known amongst Scottish Highland kings known in the 3rd and 4th century. And the matriarch test identified that our 3rd great grandmother was of pure blooded Viking.
DNA is still just beginning to open up unknowns, especially or genes identifying diseases. (my nephrologist ordered a renal gene study of me and identified "FOUR" genes that caused specific kidney diseases. 4 from my mother, and 1 from both parents. But only one could be scientifically identified how it effects me. DNA and bad genes is still unknown, and out of 20,000 genomes in humans getting it all known is still astronomically impossible. (just my renal study, it took nearly 3 months)
Nicely done , Thanks Muchacho
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When you have written section headings, you should put them on the screen in addition to reciting them. That means an otherwise isolated sentence is instantly recognized as a section heading.
Concerning the origins of these people this one is the most Pictical....
A very dense, thorough, & scholarly account which merits further viewing. I'll certainly watch this again, probably more than once, ignoring the Hadrian's Wall nonsense.
G'day SAMA, My family came from up that way so I Was looking forward to watching this vid and finding out more about wether I'm Pict Ish or Pict Ure, I soon realised I sustained to many concussions as a boy playing AFL to take it all in 😥.
Incredibly fascinating!
Strong Pictish bloodlines in my family. Proud of it too🏴
Same here my surname. Pitkeathly.
@@duncancallum We had a fire officer at our place of work with that surname! Nice to know we've kept going!
@@derekporter7658 Where did the Pit you know came from Derek, mines originate in Auchterarder , furthest back i ken was 1760 in my tree , i live in Aussieland since 1964 i am from Edinburgh.
@@duncancallum I believe his name was Michael Pitkeathly, he was from Edinburgh too! I'm originally from Kilwinning in Ayrshire, but we traced our family back to East Lothian, and saw the progress from there to Ayrshire. However I did research into my family, and we (Porter's) came to East Lothian under King Angus alongside other Picts for the battle of Athelstaneford.
@@derekporter7658 Thanks very much for your reply, i don't know of Michael in my family . Your Ancestry certainly goes back for many many years, so i can see how proud you will be of it for sure. In 1988 we had World Expo in Brisbane, and i was there one day listening to an Irish Folk group play, and this chap asked if he could sit at the table i said yes , anyway he was an Aberdonian and we got talking normal stuff, then he came out of the blue and said to me , do you know you are a Pict i said yes because of my surname, so i asked him how do you know that, he said by your skin tone, as far as i am concerned i think i am no different than any other Scot. Ah well he knows something about the Picts that i dinnae ken.Duncan.
You forgot the Erse language. My theory is the letter W came from the Picts. That’s not what they called themselves. It’s a cintrsction if the Latin name for them as Pictus meaning “ painted” blue in battle.
Munro Clan claims they left Scotland because of the Romans and settled in Northern Ireland. The valley of Roe from about 200 to 400 ad. After the Roman exodus, they returned to their homeland. Munro ( From Roe ). It is intresting that Ancient Irish sprouted and flourished from this area when this all occurred. Could ancient Irish actually be the Pictish language?
Careful what you read on Picts and Northern Ireland, revisonist unionists try to make stuff up to justify the plantion of Ulster and tie themselves to Picts. Wikipedia says the Munro are from Northern Ireland and are Irish not Picts with dna studies to back it up.
8:15 Oh hai Uncle Neolithic David Crosby 👋😂
(Sorry, could **not** help myself.)
This is super fascinating stuff. As someone whose mother & father had the SAME Scottish surname (spelled differently! VERY important lol 😂), & thus whose family tree is absolutely crammed top to bottom with Mcs &/ Macs & Duncans & Roberts' &, obv, Flemings & Stew/Stuarts' etc I've always been really interested in finding out like "ok **clearly** for HUNDREDS of years they were all from 'round those parts but what about BEFORE/after??" so...any & all newfound genetic info in that arena is SUPER interesting to me.
Thx for posting this & including great sources! ❤
(And absolutely #RIPNickBarksdale 😥)
A couple of points early into this video.
The Romans didn't invade the British isles, they invaded Britain, no concrete evidence they invaded Ireland.
Secondly, the very term British Isles is an anachronism, it's not really looked kindly upon by most Irish people, including myself. You could simply say Britain and Ireland if you want to keep culturally neutral on it.
...except your old enemy is the United Kingdom, not Great Britain, which name identifies a land-mass, not a political entity. Harsh, but fair imo!
Indeed, the island of Ireland is an Irish Isle.
Romans didn't invade Ireland and tried with Scotland they couldn't take it over was inky England and Wales hun
@@bfc3057 actually they were losing there empire by time they went to Ireland they didn't bother invading it so more druid history in Ireland more knowledge as Romans whipped it out in Britain
@@audreyroche9490Not really. There was nothing of value in Scotland for the Romans so they didn’t bother with it.
I watched this film on HBO and it was a version of the king arthur story. I guess it was kinda about a land however an agreed partnership or even the lancelot character probly gets into that ending in the game of thrones
I will try that with kippered snacks, one of my faves. And i will try you receipt BUT chop the peppers and sardines , mix them with the caper mayo and serve it on top of the greens. No mess.
And chopping it up i can feed the fam neglecting to mention...