Why Do Some Catalans Want Independence From Spain? | History of Catalonia 800 - 2021

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  • čas přidán 25. 02. 2021
  • Catalonia/Catalunya/Cataluña is an autonomous community in the northeast of Spain that in recent years had an increasingly visible movement asking for full independence, culminating in an election in 2017 that the Spanish government deemed unconstitutional and illegal. In February 2021, the Catalan rapper Pablo Hastél was arrested for lyrics and tweets insulting the Spanish royal family and praising groups such as ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) and GRAPO (Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre), Basque and Marxist armed groups. This has sparked more protests across Spain but especially in Catalonia. In this video I take a look at the history of Catalonia and the roots of its independence movement. Was it ever an independent kingdom? How long have Catalans wanted independence? And why is Spain so unwilling to let go of its northeastern community?
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Komentáře • 1,9K

  • @historywithhilbert146
    @historywithhilbert146  Před 3 lety +168

    So I think the HD version of the video hasn't processed yet.. Thanks CZcams! If you're early it may be a little grainy for which you have my apologies!

    • @sirsydneysmith8847
      @sirsydneysmith8847 Před 3 lety +6

      It’s fine

    • @m2v-animatez
      @m2v-animatez Před 3 lety +3

      Will you cover the current separatists in the Ghanian Volta Region

    • @oj5253
      @oj5253 Před 3 lety +7

      HD or not Hilbert is Hilbert and I am happy either way

    • @StefanVeenstra
      @StefanVeenstra Před 3 lety +1

      Historic Definition.

    • @newg4515
      @newg4515 Před 3 lety

      i literally watched the video you made over 3 years ago last night thats weird.

  • @Fummy007
    @Fummy007 Před 3 lety +575

    Castile = Castle
    Leon = Lion
    Makes sense on the flag

    • @papapepepenultimo
      @papapepepenultimo Před 3 lety +38

      AKSHUALLY... the name of León doesn´t come from the animal, it is a corruption of the name of a Roman camp in the area, Legio VII Gemina.
      Extra pedantry bonus: if a coat of arms represents the name of the place, they are called "canting arms" or "rebus."

    • @papapepepenultimo
      @papapepepenultimo Před 3 lety +19

      @ჶ Troopa3xd ჶ We agree, it does mean lion. But the origin of the name is not that. They have a lion in reference to the name, which itself is a corruption of "Legio."
      Más claro, agua

    • @papapepepenultimo
      @papapepepenultimo Před 3 lety +4

      Hay un sitio cerca de donde vivo que se llama "Helmond". Se le puso ese nombre en referencia al sitio donde está (viene a significar "entrada a un lugar seguro"). Pero, como contiene la palabra "helm" (casco), la bandera presenta un casco. Más o menos el mismo proceso: nombre original-corrupción-bandera.

    • @papapepepenultimo
      @papapepepenultimo Před 3 lety +1

      @ჶ Troopa3xd ჶ Aclarado, estamos de acuerdo. Y sin insultarnos ni nada, ya ves, esto no parece ni internet...

    • @neminemtarot9664
      @neminemtarot9664 Před 3 lety +3

      VISCA CATALUNYA LLIURE //*//

  • @panqueque445
    @panqueque445 Před 3 lety +634

    "The PP Party"
    Who said politics can't be fun?

    • @Jose-gc8rl
      @Jose-gc8rl Před 3 lety +34

      The PP party is a bunch of corrupt conservative thieves though...

    • @Thunder11110
      @Thunder11110 Před 3 lety +3

      _🙏PP🙏_

    • @theunknownpersonism
      @theunknownpersonism Před 3 lety +15

      @ჶ Troopa3xd ჶ pretty sure PSOE and Podemos aren't conservatives.

    • @crazyhercules9442
      @crazyhercules9442 Před 3 lety +31

      @@Jose-gc8rl it’s a joke bro. You don’t need to make it political. God knows there’s quite enough of that in the world😂😔

    • @domenstrmsek5625
      @domenstrmsek5625 Před 3 lety +14

      @ჶ Troopa3xd ჶ Vox are great

  • @yodef6828
    @yodef6828 Před 3 lety +144

    I'm Spanish and it is so fucking sad that some guy on the internet who makes content in English is able to explain this matter way too many times better and more accurately and objectively than all media in Spain.

    • @pablo8286
      @pablo8286 Před 3 lety +15

      Cause our media is supposed to create division

    • @Francosteiner
      @Francosteiner Před 2 lety +5

      What about his pronounciation? I only speak a little spanish, but sounds to me does speak it rather fluently.

    • @Manoooolo
      @Manoooolo Před rokem +5

      @@Francosteiner Indeed, he speaks Spanish very well.

    • @papapalpatine807
      @papapalpatine807 Před rokem +3

      @@Francosteiner his catalan is also farily on point

    • @papapalpatine807
      @papapalpatine807 Před rokem +3

      I'm catalan, and although we may ot agree on some things, I see we agree on the satisfaction on some impartiality on this argument

  • @Jose-gc8rl
    @Jose-gc8rl Před 3 lety +352

    I want to clarify some things. In the Spanish War of Succession it wasn't just Catalonia that sided with the Austrias, but the entirety of the Crown of Aragon (that being the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia, the Kingdom of Valencia and the Kingdom of Majorca, as well as its territories outside of modern Spain which were lost after the war) and the Nueva Planta decrees were imposed on all of it, banning not only Catalan but also Aragonese and abolishing the Crown of Aragon along with the fueros, or laws, of its regions and imposing Castilian language and law instead.

    • @elpaya7775
      @elpaya7775 Před 3 lety +9

      Cuán el mal ve d Almansa....

    • @miguelmartin901
      @miguelmartin901 Před 3 lety +7

      @@elpaya7775 ...A tots alcança

    • @cianosullivan2799
      @cianosullivan2799 Před 3 lety +12

      This is really important and often conveniently forgotten by both sides

    • @elpaya7775
      @elpaya7775 Před 3 lety +10

      @@cianosullivan2799 Castille destroyed all in his path of creating Spaim

    • @cianosullivan2799
      @cianosullivan2799 Před 3 lety +8

      @@elpaya7775 sí, y en Aragón precisamente es donde más ha calado esa ambición destructiva.

  • @ktheterkuceder6825
    @ktheterkuceder6825 Před 3 lety +311

    ETA deserves a topic. Basques are underrated.

    • @ktheterkuceder6825
      @ktheterkuceder6825 Před 3 lety +14

      @@destfirm9053 So what?

    • @aqpatt4675
      @aqpatt4675 Před 3 lety +35

      The 80s were hard years for Basque people and Spain in general, those were the times when ETA made almost one attack a week, and people was afraid of everything. On the other hand, the Spanish government take radical measures such as torture or State terrorism (GAL groups). It's still a controversial topic because for example right now there are some ex-terrorists from ETA in a political party called BILDU, that has representation in Spanish parlament and even the government make some accords with them

    • @oihanlarranegi472
      @oihanlarranegi472 Před 3 lety +37

      @@destfirm9053 the original basque nationalism was racist, that's true, but nowadays, that aspect has practically disappeared. Basques are no more racist than any other europeans. In fact, there is a lot of solidarity towards palestinians and saharawis.

    • @BirdEgg123
      @BirdEgg123 Před 3 lety

      @@ktheterkuceder6825 lol

    • @Albent
      @Albent Před 3 lety +12

      @@destfirm9053 Saying the Basques are racist is racist.

  • @ZetaFuzzMachine
    @ZetaFuzzMachine Před 3 lety +192

    23:05
    Today it's actually the other way around. The rural areas are more keen to independence and the big cities (mostly Barcelona) are skeptical about it. That has to do with the great cultural diversity and the dependence on trade and business of the big metropolis

    • @aguspuig6615
      @aguspuig6615 Před 3 lety +8

      man id say barcelona is about as independentist as it gets theres like demonstrations all year

    • @blacktemplar2323
      @blacktemplar2323 Před 3 lety +49

      @@aguspuig6615 Just because the demonstrations are there doesn't mean the majority of the local population is in support of independence. In fact the majority of the barcelonian population is opposed to independence.
      The reason so many demonstrations are there is beacause of the fact that it is the regional capital and people from rural areas go there to demonstrate.

    • @catnaz
      @catnaz Před 3 lety +32

      Yes, Barcelona is quite diverse, but the pro-independence movement is quite strong there. Now, the suburbs where most of the Spanish workers live, are strongholds for the pro-Spanish voters and also the far right (VOX, Ciudadanos and PP) Anyway, there is quite an interesting situation also happening there... ERC and CUP keep on gaining terrain. Many new pro-independence voters are Spanish-speaking and non-Catalan.

    • @rodrigomejia953
      @rodrigomejia953 Před 3 lety +12

      Tractoria vs Tabarnia, epic showdown.

    • @ZetaFuzzMachine
      @ZetaFuzzMachine Před 3 lety +1

      @@aguspuig6615 @catnaz
      You guys were saying??
      www.rtve.es/noticias/elecciones-catalanas/mapa-resultados-2021/

  • @mogaming5350
    @mogaming5350 Před 3 lety +142

    Could you do a video about Kurds and Kurdistan next?

  • @mateubertran2687
    @mateubertran2687 Před 3 lety +92

    Your pronunciation is very good! Coming from a catalan

    • @ikad5229
      @ikad5229 Před 3 lety +12

      His pronunciation is excellent in most languages. I'm always impressed.

    • @Ethan-qo9rx
      @Ethan-qo9rx Před 3 lety +3

      So you approve of him saying “some” Catalans

    • @The_Soviet_Onion
      @The_Soviet_Onion Před 3 lety +4

      @@Ethan-qo9rx it’s some Catalans, not all.

    • @Ethan-qo9rx
      @Ethan-qo9rx Před 3 lety +3

      @@The_Soviet_Onion it’s a clear majority

    • @The_Soviet_Onion
      @The_Soviet_Onion Před 3 lety +10

      @@Ethan-qo9rx I heard a lot of English speaking people say “some” when something is a majority, and i’m not talking only about independence movements, also things as basic as lemons and oranges

  • @nicolaieve
    @nicolaieve Před 3 lety +87

    I must say, being there, that "mossos d'esquadra" did certainly not just stand by, in fact, they closed more polling stations than both national police and Guardia Civil combined, albeit with far less violence. There is also an error as Jose Miguel arenas doesn't come from Catalonia, he is from Mallorca. Finally PSOE although somewhat opened to pacts on some issues with pro-independence parties, is absolutely opposed to independence and any form of consultation on the matter.

    • @hullie7529
      @hullie7529 Před 3 lety

      En el juicio quedó demostrado que los centros de votación que cerraron los Mossos fue después de dejar votar con normalidad (en contra de la orden del juez) y después del recuento, viéndose incluso imágenes de mossos de uniforme custodiando las cajas con los sobres. La policía y la guardia civil intentaron cumplir las órdenes y claro, eso creó conflicto, porque había gente que se quería saltar la ley.

    • @grauzamorapol
      @grauzamorapol Před 3 lety +1

      @@hullie7529 Igual la violencia nunca es la solucion... Pero bah no importa porque al final acabaremos todos dandonos ostias discutiendo el sexo de los angeles...

    • @nicolaieve
      @nicolaieve Před 3 lety +2

      @@hullie7529 En ese mismo juicio se absolvio a la cúpula de los mosos así que cumplieron con sus ordenes. No hay imágenes de mossos custodiando urnas si no retirandolas. Por otra parte la orden judicial que ordenaba "Cerrar los centros sin alterar la normal convivencia" de forma que quien realmente cumplió el mandato fueron los mossos i no la guardia civil y policia nacional quienes ademas se negaron a coordinar el operativo y compartir informacion. Eso sin entrar en la legitimidad de impedir el libre derecho de manifestacion pacífica y de expresión de la ciudadania", cabe recordar que la convocatoria de referendums está además explícitamente despenalizada en la legislación española.

    • @marcmarti5273
      @marcmarti5273 Před 3 lety

      @@hullie7529 como se nota que estabas ahí...

    • @goodaimshield1115
      @goodaimshield1115 Před 3 lety

      No they didn't. They only did that after standing by allowing illegal actions.

  • @o-o2399
    @o-o2399 Před 3 lety +125

    I wonder if this comment section will be cool or not ?

    • @o-o2399
      @o-o2399 Před 3 lety +11

      @Ian Is based 👌👌

    • @irgendeineperson5350
      @irgendeineperson5350 Před 3 lety +14

      Just like their ''independence'' it will be cool for 8 seconds and then stop

    • @savethatyt5640
      @savethatyt5640 Před 3 lety +10

      @@irgendeineperson5350 VISCA CATALUNYA //*//

    • @The_Soviet_Onion
      @The_Soviet_Onion Před 3 lety +7

      @@vlogsxi Viva España

    • @18754KRS
      @18754KRS Před 3 lety +3

      @ჶ Troopa3xd ჶ viva españa viva franco

  • @gre3nishsinx0Rgold4
    @gre3nishsinx0Rgold4 Před 3 lety +163

    This made me want to know more about the other independence movements in other countries.. movements that would cripple the nations they're in.

    • @shorewall
      @shorewall Před 3 lety +23

      Hell, I hear people talking about splitting up the USA. And I'm like, don't make me pull a Lincoln here. :D United we stand, Divided we fall. But I do agree in more autonomy for local states.

    • @andrewmannson7543
      @andrewmannson7543 Před 3 lety +38

      What Lincoln said about "United We Stand, Divided We Fall" is true for all countries, splitting into 2 or more different countries will only weaken both the secessionists and their country, only reason I see is a good reason to leave a country is that they are being heavily suppressed, like some people in China or corrupt Governments in Africa and South America

    • @lorenzodocx4021
      @lorenzodocx4021 Před 3 lety +31

      @@andrewmannson7543 The west is just as corrupt... We just called it lobbying and made it legal. miss me with that shite

    • @gerardoerrazquin9435
      @gerardoerrazquin9435 Před 3 lety +16

      This video is a joke, almost as bad as the referendum... You do not mention that in the legal election the voting is 50% between unionists and separatists, how the referendum reaches 92%?? The referendum was a hoax, there was no census, so people could vote several times and some of the boxes were full of votes before the vote started...
      Another big lie is about Hazel, no one goes to jail to insult the crown... The maximum you can get is a fine. The guy is been condemned because he attacked a witness, he bleached the head of a journalist, but you were not capable to do a minimum research before publishing this video. Made a favour to yourself and get informed before preparing a video...

    • @andrewmannson7543
      @andrewmannson7543 Před 3 lety +6

      @@gerardoerrazquin9435 which one of us made the video?

  • @BirdEgg123
    @BirdEgg123 Před 3 lety +10

    Thank you Hilbert for putting the music you use in the description. I especially like the "Laid Back Guitars" one.

  • @luismoralesvilchez5036
    @luismoralesvilchez5036 Před 3 lety +86

    Insults against the crown is indeed a crime in Spain(shouldn't, but it is) but its only punished with a fine. So anyone that says that they emprisoned him beacuse of these tweets against the crown is either wrong or being cynical. You re not to blame though,as there's a huge confusion about that same subject right here in Spain. I like your videos preety much, keep it up!

    • @loquendosuperdotats
      @loquendosuperdotats Před 3 lety

      Aqui es donde te equivocas supongo que sabesque en el codigo penal penas inferiores a 2 años de prision no entras a prision pero si tienes diferentes condenas, que casi toda condena de multa va de acuerdo a una de prision multa de 3 meses a 20€ al dia por ejemplo pero son 3 meses. En este caso la ultima condena por injurias supera el cumulo de sus condenas por encima de lso años i por eso la prision de los 2 años i medio de prision creo que casi 2 son por 3 condenas diferentes por sus tuits i canciones, o sea si esta a prision por decidir que los borbones son unos ladrones, cosa que es verdad corroborado por el fisco por la ultima regularicacion del emerito con el fisco.

    • @jordif7310
      @jordif7310 Před 3 lety +8

      Let me correct you, he has been imprisoned solely because of tweets and songs. The prison (+ €30k) sentence is for "glorification of terrorism" and "insults to the royal crown", "crimes" that have consisted on tweets and songs only. The rest of the issues he's been on trial for have been resolved in other manners. Review your sources. This is the same story of always with Spain, juditial warfare. A fascist power that never lost its strategic position after Franco's death. But they will fall, of course they will, along with the monarchy and the rest of the parasites of this fascist regime.

    • @VG-re1bj
      @VG-re1bj Před 3 lety +6

      Some of the sentences for the crimes he committed before (assault, threats, etc...) were "suspended", others are pending. For the ones already judged, that means the punishment would not take effect if one does not misbehave and does not commit more crimes, felonies or whatever. He doubled down and now he faces a rolling snowball.
      He is NOT facing prison because of the offenses to the royal family (and please, the non Spanish readers understand that "offenses" here does not mean singing songs about the king being fat, ugly or stupid but more on the line of actually publicly stating he is a criminal and accusing him of whatever without any evidence. Under Spanish law this is actually a felony if you do so to anybody, be him a king or not. But when the crime is committed against the king, it is specially typified as the king is an institutional figure), he has actively and publicly showed support and sympathy for terrorist organisations. It is debatable if this should be considered a crime or not, but we cannot forget that the main advocates for the criminalisation of speech in Spain and outside Spain is actually the radical left. I can only see this as an act of poetic justice.

    • @jonathanm9069
      @jonathanm9069 Před 3 lety

      What if you don't want to pay the fine? What's the condemn then? Another fine?
      At the end of the day you can absolutely be imprisoned in Spain for insults against the crown.

    • @VG-re1bj
      @VG-re1bj Před 3 lety

      @@jonathanm9069 As it is expected if you reject to pay any fine sentenced by the judge without any other reason that you do not want to do it. You are also given the chance of doing community work instead.
      The amount of the fine, in any case, is set according to your financial circumstances.
      Como ocurre si eventualmente te niegas a pagar cualquier multa impuesta por un juez sin más argumentos que no te da la gana de hacerlo. Se te da la opción de sustituir la pena por trabajo comunitario.
      La cantidad de la multa, en cualquier caso, se establece de acuerdo con tus posibilidades económicas.
      Artículo 53.
      1. Si el condenado no satisficiere, voluntariamente o por vía de apremio, la multa impuesta, quedará sujeto a una responsabilidad personal subsidiaria de un día de privación de libertad por cada dos cuotas diarias no satisfechas, que, tratándose de delitos leves, podrá cumplirse mediante localización permanente. En este caso, no regirá la limitación que en su duración establece el apartado 1 del artículo 37.
      También podrá el juez o tribunal, previa conformidad del penado, acordar que la responsabilidad subsidiaria se cumpla mediante trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad. En este caso, cada día de privación de libertad equivaldrá a una jornada de trabajo.
      2. En los supuestos de multa proporcional los Jueces y Tribunales establecerán, según su prudente arbitrio, la responsabilidad personal subsidiaria que proceda, que no podrá exceder, en ningún caso, de un año de duración. También podrá el Juez o Tribunal acordar, previa conformidad del penado, que se cumpla mediante trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad.
      3. Esta responsabilidad subsidiaria no se impondrá a los condenados a pena privativa de libertad superior a cinco años.
      4. El cumplimiento de la responsabilidad subsidiaria extingue la obligación de pago de la multa, aunque mejore la situación económica del penado.
      5. Podrá ser fraccionado el pago de la multa impuesta a una persona jurídica, durante un período de hasta cinco años, cuando su cuantía ponga probadamente en peligro la supervivencia de aquélla o el mantenimiento de los puestos de trabajo existentes en la misma, o cuando lo aconseje el interés general. Si la persona jurídica condenada no satisficiere, voluntariamente o por vía de apremio, la multa impuesta en el plazo que se hubiere señalado, el Tribunal podrá acordar su intervención hasta el pago total de la misma.

  • @ViraL_FootprinT.ex.e
    @ViraL_FootprinT.ex.e Před 3 lety +5

    Fascinating stuff. Definitely helps understand the situation a little more. Thanks ✊🏾

  • @javiervargas8279
    @javiervargas8279 Před 3 lety +113

    He didnt talk about how Pablo Hasel asaulted a cop and sprayed acid on a witness

    • @aguspuig6615
      @aguspuig6615 Před 3 lety +27

      i have a feeling that didnt happen

    • @manumanitas161
      @manumanitas161 Před 3 lety +54

      Its full of errors and pro-independece bias, like saying the last elections had a huge increase in pro independence, the shift was about 1% thats like 51% for independence, taking into account the vote turn over went down about a 40% cause COVID. Not to mention that he presented the 92% pro independence as a serious referendum and not the shit show bannana republic tier it was...

    • @Didagg
      @Didagg Před 3 lety +18

      @@manumanitas161 Very well anti-catalan propaganda you got there bud, ciudadanos lost 30 places in the elections and every single one of the pro-independence gained places. Besides, it’s not 51% it’s 65%~ Which is a considerable number because there is only 3 pro-independence political parties

    • @manumanitas161
      @manumanitas161 Před 3 lety +27

      @@Didagg es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_al_Parlamento_de_Catalu%C3%B1a_de_2021
      Okey so turnout: 53%, which means half of the population doesnt give a shit about this political non sense called voting.
      From that 53% dumb enough to go voting:
      If you sum up all the independentist parties you have 51%, PSC is not independentist I think thats clear, neither is Podemos which is pro referendum but is neutral with strong negative views on the isue in other parts of Spain, just like PSOE...
      So no its not propaganda is just data, I dont know where you get that 65% from anyways

    • @luisblanco1851
      @luisblanco1851 Před 3 lety +31

      @@aguspuig6615 Ha assaulted a member of a jury and a tv camera man. He also told his followers that they should kill cops and the royal family, thos is a call to action and not free speech

  • @mallorqui1018
    @mallorqui1018 Před 3 lety +42

    Just to clarify, Valtònyc is not Catalan, he's from Mallorca in the Balearic Islands. He sings in Catalan since we also speak Catalan here. ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valt%C3%B2nyc

    • @hullie7529
      @hullie7529 Před 3 lety +1

      Yo pensaba que en las Baleares se hablaba mallorquín, al menos así me lo enseñaron en el colegio. Me sorprende cómo mucha gente de Baleares está tan dispuesta a que se pierda su identidad por hacer seguidismo a los catalanistas. En este caso España defiende la diversidad cultural de sus regiones frente a la uniformidad unitaria del catalanismo.

    • @Bermeslivre
      @Bermeslivre Před 3 lety +19

      @@hullie7529 Cállate por favor que no sabes de lo que hablas.

    • @otpascual471
      @otpascual471 Před 3 lety +15

      @@hullie7529 idiota, el mallorquí és dialecte del català

    • @lyonthespanishfox9686
      @lyonthespanishfox9686 Před 3 lety +1

      @@otpascual471 el mallorqui y el catalan son un dialecto del valenciano. Y no insultes al chaval, te quita la poca razon que tienes

    • @otpascual471
      @otpascual471 Před 3 lety +7

      @@lyonthespanishfox9686 en fi un altre que no sap del què parla, imbècils n'hi ha a tot arreu👍

  • @emisunflowers
    @emisunflowers Před 3 lety +2

    I've been subscribed to you for a while, but for some reason the youtube algorithm seems to forget about your content for me and doesn't recommend it much. I'm always stunned by your videos. I have this kind of subconscious idea of history youtubers making animations with meh scripts and meh visuals trying to turn a dime (not an insult to them), but your stuff just blows almost all of that out of the water. Thanks for everything you do.

  • @wilhemsansual3845
    @wilhemsansual3845 Před 3 lety +78

    22:44, great video, but unionism is currently more widespread on industrial areas and towns, rural areas tend to be more independentist.

    • @mrx0088
      @mrx0088 Před 3 lety +14

      In industrial areas with low profile immigrants from Spain.

    • @maxstirner6143
      @maxstirner6143 Před 3 lety +12

      @@mrx0088 80 years ago

    • @husted5488
      @husted5488 Před 3 lety +1

      no

    • @billycorgan3934
      @billycorgan3934 Před 3 lety +16

      To be more accurate, most of unionists weren't born in Catalonia unlike independentists

    • @siegmundeurades5753
      @siegmundeurades5753 Před 3 lety +6

      Industrial areas and towns tend to have a larger Spanish population, unlike rural zones, where most people are actually Catalan.

  • @Fuzzems
    @Fuzzems Před 3 lety +5

    @20:53 Loved getting to know the history on Catalonia, but as you state yourself.... loads of time is put into this creation. Personally I would love to see a 'slower' explanation in several parts. In this way you might even be able to shed some light on certain events, which are now related (ie linkend) to other creations which I haven't seen jet (or I can't, for this creation takes 34 minutes to watch in the first place) Keep up the good work by the way, love what you create!

  • @accruenewblue
    @accruenewblue Před 3 lety +17

    history with hilbert is becoming one of my favorite news channels

  • @alfredthegreatkingofwessex6838

    If they break away from Spain then winning the World Cup just becomes easier.

    • @nikolaradulovic5283
      @nikolaradulovic5283 Před 3 lety +6

      Barcelona have been shite in the UCL lately so it probably wouldn't be too big of a difference for the Spanish team

    • @o-o2399
      @o-o2399 Před 3 lety +4

      @Thomas shevchuk The new revolutionary guards already happened

    • @demun6065
      @demun6065 Před 3 lety +2

      @@nikolaradulovic5283 I think he means it'll be easier for the Dutch to win 😎

  • @manu._.7167
    @manu._.7167 Před 3 lety +42

    Pablo Hasel is also arrested for aggression and threat

    • @mireiasanchez7746
      @mireiasanchez7746 Před 3 lety +7

      That is true, but the independentist are not really interested in defending the person of Pablo Hasel but the right to criticize or even insult the monarchy. Therfore, they are not defending all his acts and if he were to only be judged by the acts of aggression no one would be protesting (unless people had the feeling that he were being persecuted for his ideals, i guess).
      That’s why I’m assuming it’s not specified in the video.

    • @manu._.7167
      @manu._.7167 Před 3 lety +1

      @@mireiasanchez7746 this is not about independentism, I agree that criticize the monarchy should not be a felony but if you want to change that you have to get the majorities and make all the process in the Parliament. Many people dont even understand the felonies they are criticizing such as insult or slander...

    • @grecolonsvila
      @grecolonsvila Před 3 lety +2

      When he was arrested in the university, that was for his music lyrics. It's right that he also has other charges, but all those demonstrations are for the arrest regarding the right of free speech.

    • @totetoresano
      @totetoresano Před 3 lety +4

      Las injurias a la corona no tienen penas de cárcel, sino de multa. El enaltecimiento del terrorismo sumado a las agresiones es lo que hace que acabe en prisión. Para mi ninguno de los delitos de opinión debería existir, el problema es que las mismas personas "defendiendo" la libertad de expresión de Hasel, quemando Barcelona y saqueando tiendas, ponen el grito en el cielo cuando la idiota de la División Azul suelta su discurso y aplauden cuando piden 4 años de cárcel para ella.

    • @Alvaro-ep2de
      @Alvaro-ep2de Před 3 lety +2

      @@grecolonsvila Si no tienes antecedentes no puedes ir a la cárcel y menos por algo como eso, no cuela ya tenía varios cargos a sus espaldas .

  • @nicsmith7689
    @nicsmith7689 Před 3 lety +15

    I'm TA'ing a course on Spanish history right now and this is by far the best, most thorough video I've seen about Catalonia and the origins of Catalan nationalism. The only issue I could find is that it's just called "ETA", there's no "the." Like NASA, but more violent.

    • @manumanitas161
      @manumanitas161 Před 3 lety +7

      Its full of errors and pro-independece bias, like saying the last elections had a huge increase in pro independence, the shift was about 1% thats like 51% for independence, taking into account the vote turn over went down about a 40% cause COVID. Not to mention that he presented the 92% pro independence as a serious referendum and not the shit show bannana republic tier it was...

    • @john-hl5tq
      @john-hl5tq Před 3 lety +4

      @@manumanitas161 The "Banana Republic" aspect of the referendum was the Spanish Government busing in riot police to harass, intimidate, beat up and arrest citizens who were trying to vote. Not forgetting the lengthy prison sentences handed out to the politicians who organised the referendum. Clearly fascism in Spain did not die with Franco.

    • @manumanitas161
      @manumanitas161 Před 3 lety

      @@john-hl5tq Ignore the legal framework, comite a crime and complain about it... XD

    • @Jose-gc8rl
      @Jose-gc8rl Před 3 lety

      Actually, in Spain we say 'la ETA' or ETA' almost interchangeably, so it wouldn't be entirely wrong to say 'the ETA'.

  • @rogersole8458
    @rogersole8458 Před 3 lety +24

    Just some notes as a catalan independence supporter myself, Pablo Hasél and the other rappers imprisoned are not really part of the independence movement, but some far left-wing antimonarchy movement. It's easy to get them mashed together because they're catalan but they don't have much in common apart from you know, being prosecuted by the same state.
    Another thing you forgot to mention about the Reaper's War, is that, after siding with the french in order to kick out the Spanish, the french army was sent to Catalonia and basically did even worse than the spanish soldiers, so they switched sides again, some say that they tried to remain independent but with enemies on all sides that was basically not possible so Spain recovered part of Catalonia while the french took the north (as part of the Treaty of Utrech which involved basically every single european monarchy at the time and also the reason Gibraltar is not part of Spain).
    Also, when Franco decided to industrialize Catalonia and send millions of spanish speaking workers there, he did so in purpose (and he wasn't the first to try to do so, as in the early 1800s there was also lots o migration from regions such as Andalusia and Murcia), so that the immigrants would dilude catalan national identity. While it is debatable if the move payed off, the percentage of native catalan speakers in Catalonia was certainly reduced from 80%+ to almost 40% now.
    Lastly, the PSOE is not wiling to negotiate anything about independence. They MAY, and this is also very unlikely, support some sort of autonomy reforms, but that is also not really plausible as the Spanish Constitution would need to be reformed (2/3rds of the Spanish Parliament votes needed and Catalan seats represent 48/350).
    The reality is they cannot allow Catalonia to go out of Spain, as the loss would most certainly bankrupt them, and so they will try to keep us United whatever the cost, and whatever the % of support for independence.
    Congrats on making such a nice video :D

    • @xeroxsaw1303
      @xeroxsaw1303 Před 3 lety

      I agree with most of the things you said (because they were facts) except when you said that Spain would become bankrupt where Catalonia to leave. I really don’t see how this is true, if anything it would be the other way around. Catalonia lately has served more as a destabilizing region more than anything else, it is possible that where Catalonia to leave, Spain might on the long run, end up more stable

    • @ekosh6266
      @ekosh6266 Před 3 lety

      @@xeroxsaw1303 yaa, a lot of facts but his conclusion wasn't supported by any. I'm afraid he's just been brainwashed.
      BTW that rapper has a lot of crimes and deserves prison.

    • @xeroxsaw1303
      @xeroxsaw1303 Před 3 lety +3

      @@ekosh6266 I think he does, but that “Injurias a la Corona” law is stupid

    • @alexdeharo9036
      @alexdeharo9036 Před 3 lety +4

      @@xeroxsaw1303 Maybe not on the long run, same as Catalonia, but Catalonia is an economic powerhouse and almost the only connection Spain has to europe by land. Also If catalonia secedes vasques will probably follow them after a while.

    • @xeroxsaw1303
      @xeroxsaw1303 Před 3 lety

      @@alexdeharo9036 Well Catalonia’s position would be much worse. They would have lost many companies, they would be out of the EU and Spain would probably veto any attempt for the EU to join the EU, furthermore Catalonia would be very unstable since about half of the population would disagree with the decision to leave Spain, they would probably still have relatives in Spain. Also, pro-independence parties have made 0 plans as to what they would after seceding from Spain, and their day to day administration has been quite bad honestly, even while still being part of Spain. I frankly don’t see how Catalonia would be better off after independence

  • @salzach353thomas8
    @salzach353thomas8 Před 3 lety

    Well done. Gives a good idea of what's going on in Catalunya. Informative !

  • @albertvisa4615
    @albertvisa4615 Před 3 lety +1

    Thanks for this video.
    Very interesting 👌

  • @aB-of1nz
    @aB-of1nz Před 3 lety +4

    Really good video with lots of historical Facts! Congratulations

  • @paubabau599
    @paubabau599 Před 3 lety +4

    Excellent work! The best video I've seen on the subject, thanks a lot. I'm a Catalan independentist by the way.

    • @javimoya9963
      @javimoya9963 Před 3 lety +1

      And why exactly do you want independance?

    • @paubabau599
      @paubabau599 Před 3 lety +2

      @@javimoya9963 Same reasons any other nation wants to be independent, so we are not ruled by our neighbors.

    • @paubabau599
      @paubabau599 Před 3 lety +2

      @@javimoya9963 Incidentally our neighbors happen to hate us, so it's also about ending centuries long oppression and preserving our culture.

  • @longliveavalon
    @longliveavalon Před 3 lety +2

    Amazing video mate!

  • @pinkomoore
    @pinkomoore Před 3 lety

    Fascinating video, enjoyed it alot.

  • @callumvantriet2941
    @callumvantriet2941 Před 3 lety +43

    As you can see on the flag of Spain:
    Top left is Castille (Castle)
    Top right is Léon (Lion)
    Bottom left is Aragon (Where Catalonia is part of)
    Bottom right is Navarra (Part of Baskonia, another region who wants independence)
    Spain is thus clearly a union of these 4 kingdoms

    • @c8adec
      @c8adec Před 3 lety +10

      You forgot Granada, in the bottom center

    • @callumvantriet2941
      @callumvantriet2941 Před 3 lety +2

      @@c8adec oh really? Did not see it. In the center of the coat of arms you can also see the Bourbon dynastic shield

    • @c8adec
      @c8adec Před 3 lety +5

      @@callumvantriet2941 Don't worry, I'm just extra picky there because I'm from Granada 😅 And normally we don't get recognition as one of the kingdoms that merged into what is known today as Spain.

    • @callumvantriet2941
      @callumvantriet2941 Před 3 lety +1

      @@c8adec as an EU4 player (maybe you’ve heard of the game) I know all about how Spain formed, it’s very interesting

    • @18754KRS
      @18754KRS Před 3 lety +2

      viva españa viva franco

  • @ihavenoidea9426
    @ihavenoidea9426 Před 3 lety +3

    I think some more maps and visual features in the video would be really helpful in understanding and keeping track of the history better.

  • @BrewBlaster
    @BrewBlaster Před 3 lety +1

    Very Informative; thank you.

  • @randommoroccan1262
    @randommoroccan1262 Před 3 lety +6

    Good video as always my good sir even if I just started it.

  • @IKEMENOsakaman
    @IKEMENOsakaman Před 3 lety +49

    Wow, Catalonia has a long history! Didn't learn this in my school.

    • @xXxSkyViperxXx
      @xXxSkyViperxXx Před 3 lety

      American schools?? whoever mentioned american schools haha

    • @Skankhunt668
      @Skankhunt668 Před 3 lety

      @ゴロゴロ what you don't learn about the whole history of every country in the world
      Pffff

    • @Lau2856.
      @Lau2856. Před 3 lety +1

      @ゴロゴロ school kills your creativity

    • @VladimirPutin-on9xq
      @VladimirPutin-on9xq Před 3 lety

      Can you not learn on your own?

    • @neminemtarot9664
      @neminemtarot9664 Před 3 lety +1

      VISCA CATALUNYA LLIURE //*//

  • @nilfabra4365
    @nilfabra4365 Před 3 lety +12

    My mom’s aunt is from andalucia, she used to constantly change job if it paid a bit more, she was normally payed in pennies when se was young, everyone on her family had to work and lived in a marginal zone of barcelona, nowadays if tou go to her house she will stuff you with all kinds of foods and say you are too slim and have to eat more, very sweet.

  • @micahistory
    @micahistory Před 3 lety +1

    Even though, it was half an hour, i really enjoyed this

  • @Synths-n-Guitar
    @Synths-n-Guitar Před 3 lety +209

    This will be very good and interesting but controversial for sure among the Spanish. Its very interesting to see how Spain and UK have dealt with secessionist tendencies in some regions

    • @SpanishDrill
      @SpanishDrill Před 3 lety +5

      yea becouse uk are united kingdogm here the original autonomies aint respect and dont have the same borders

    • @aqpatt4675
      @aqpatt4675 Před 3 lety +37

      @@serrillas2253 no, only the fucking extremists hate each other, normal people appreciate their country

    • @andrelopes3889
      @andrelopes3889 Před 3 lety +38

      Spain has two main points of tension that are a source of constant instability: the secessionist/separatist movements (and the now dormant terrorist activities) in the basque country and catalonia and the remaining divide in the spanish society caused by the brutal civil war 80 years ago. To make somekind of a parallel with Britain, it's like the UK had gone through the civil war between the parliamentarists and the royalists and the troubles in less than a century.

    • @aqpatt4675
      @aqpatt4675 Před 3 lety +14

      @@serrillas2253 I know that Spain is the second country in the world with the greatest amount of common pints and many people is still searching for his father or grandfather in them but the great majority of Spanish nowadays has got over it, if you see it as an usual topic in media is because politicians use Francoism as a demagogic weapon to create division between righ and left wing. Also the "two Spains" thing seems really overdramatic to me, because it's a term coined before the civil war, when there was a worrying political tension and social inequality, but nowadays people just use it to describe the right-left political division, although it's something common in every democratic country.

    • @demun6065
      @demun6065 Před 3 lety +7

      @@andrelopes3889 right, and Germans weren't divided in the last century? All I get from these comments is that some Spaniards are dramatic little whiney babies, who can't move together into the future.

  • @roto2880
    @roto2880 Před 3 lety +11

    Fun fact: During the 70s and 80s were many punks bands in spain that their lyrics talked about ETA and the government didn't send them to jail

    • @aguspuig6615
      @aguspuig6615 Před 3 lety

      yeah i think its mostly because he insulted the crown rather than the ETA stuff

    • @nicsmith7689
      @nicsmith7689 Před 3 lety +1

      None of the ones from that time (at least not the popular ones) directly supported ETA in their lyrics. You might hear chants at concerts though.

    • @Corfean
      @Corfean Před 3 lety

      @@aguspuig6615 You can't go to jail for insulting the crown, so no. He went to jail because he supported terrorism and the murder of politicians.

  • @rhoetusochten4211
    @rhoetusochten4211 Před 3 lety +10

    Fascinating.
    Could you look into the Anglophone Crisis in the Cameroons?
    This ongoing genocide needs to come to light.

    • @slyninja4444
      @slyninja4444 Před 3 lety +5

      English: I am the true language of Cameroon.
      French: No, I am.
      Native Languages: Am I a joke to you?

    • @amiciprocul8501
      @amiciprocul8501 Před 3 lety

      So stupid. Colonialism pisses me off.

    • @axelbaal6093
      @axelbaal6093 Před 2 lety

      Also France did made war against Cameroun indépendantist. Not to mention Biafra war.
      It is barely known , in France.

    • @taen6917
      @taen6917 Před 2 lety

      Check James Karl lensi I will get good information about ambazonia an global political situation

  • @Ingvarali
    @Ingvarali Před 3 lety +106

    Louis the THIRTEEN not the 18th. It was a mistake but not a big one. Focus on your reading you sounded tired on this video. Excellent job.

  • @joseramondelpino3082
    @joseramondelpino3082 Před 3 lety

    Un vídeo muy bueno Hilbert

  • @micahistory
    @micahistory Před 3 lety

    Very interesting and well made video

  • @tristin6995
    @tristin6995 Před 3 lety +13

    Great Video! I have a Friend in Spain who lives in Barcelona and She told me she has always been against the independence movement, i always wondered why :/

    • @saint_gales
      @saint_gales Před 3 lety +6

      because she lives in barcelona, the least independentist place in the whole of catalonia...?

    • @sade_es8809
      @sade_es8809 Před 3 lety +6

      Becouse there is no reason to be an independentist if you don't feel you want the independence...

    • @maxpuente6291
      @maxpuente6291 Před 3 lety +3

      @@saint_gales Not the least lol it's 50/50 in the capital more or less. It's acc the surrounding cities of Barcelona who have the least independentists

    • @alexsanchez6659
      @alexsanchez6659 Před 3 lety +7

      Because she has common sense and doesn't believe independentist propaganda

    • @danielcampanoflorido854
      @danielcampanoflorido854 Před 3 lety +7

      Because she doesn't feel like a victim because she is not a victim, in fact she is in a region of Spain which has enjoyed previleged from the Spanish goverment

  • @abraham.composer96
    @abraham.composer96 Před 3 lety +9

    History with Helbert! You have got a very accurate Spanish pronunciation. Congrats!! Btw: I love your videos ^^

  • @mauritsponnette
    @mauritsponnette Před 3 lety +7

    Very informative video Hilbert! It's a very interesting but complicated subject and I see lots of similarities here in Flanders. Greetings

    • @manumanitas161
      @manumanitas161 Před 3 lety +7

      Its full of errors and pro-independece bias, like saying the last elections had a huge increase in pro independence, the shift was about 1% thats like 51% for independence, taking into account the vote turn over went down about a 40% cause COVID. Not to mention that he presented the 92% pro independence as a serious referendum and not the shit show bannana republic tier it was...

    • @danielcampanoflorido854
      @danielcampanoflorido854 Před 3 lety +2

      @@manumanitas161 exactly , Gilbert set the video on initial wrong assumptions, and omit relevant information along the video....,apart from suggesting that offense to crown can take to jail, nobody goes to Jail for offending the crown, it is just fine ( which I disagree by the way)

    • @mauritsponnette
      @mauritsponnette Před 3 lety +2

      He did state that the 2017 referendum wasn't representative because everyone who would vote against didn't vote as per legislation of the Spanish government.

    • @manumanitas161
      @manumanitas161 Před 3 lety +1

      @@mauritsponnette Yeah, he said 20 minutes into the video... I havent seen it but it creates a strong bias if you say it in minute 0 and then elaborate over that for 20 minutes....
      Also the statement that independentist made a HUGE surge.... The HUGE surge was in people not showing up to vote since TurnOut went down 25% es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_al_Parlamento_de_Catalu%C3%B1a_de_2021

    • @danielcampanoflorido854
      @danielcampanoflorido854 Před 3 lety +3

      He also forget to say that the industrialization of Catalonia come from the protection of manufactured good by the Spanish State...., people were obliged during centuries to buy whatever was manufactured in catalonia by tarifing so expensively goods from abroad...., Catalonia has created wealth under the protection of the Spanish state, no by creating a competitive industry, but Gilbert forget to say that, as many things....

  • @athomicritics
    @athomicritics Před 3 lety +30

    you forgot to mention the funniest bit , when their government said : yes we are independant ! only for them 8 SECONDS later say : "actually...that was a joke we arent..."

  • @PR-qp8iz
    @PR-qp8iz Před 3 lety +21

    Pablo Hasel was not condemned only because of his disgusting lyrics, he had a number of other legal issues.
    I really enjoyed the whole historic backup.
    Peace from a Catalan who's fed up with the whole tiresome issue of independence.

  • @Game_Hero
    @Game_Hero Před 3 lety +4

    It's the Dutch anthem running gag that made me subscribe, it's just that funny you think about every possible situation in your videos to include this.

  • @TheAndrewirons72
    @TheAndrewirons72 Před 3 lety

    Wait, the cat was in a box?! (Tongue in cheek.) I was always told it was in a bag!
    Seriously though, your videos are always so informative and entertaining. I love the overt nods to your Dutch heritage. You are an amazing documentarian! Please keep up the great work.

  • @thomasgascoigne7850
    @thomasgascoigne7850 Před 3 lety

    Appreciate you said some in the title not all

  • @huevofrito2255
    @huevofrito2255 Před 3 lety +23

    Very interesting video indeed. I would only like to clarify that Hasel (the singer who got arrested and is now in jail) has not been arrested just because of his lyrics and the comments about the monarchy. He already has a criminall record of two aggressions, one to a journalist and another one to a witness in a trial .

    • @mapache-ehcapam
      @mapache-ehcapam Před 3 lety +13

      Similar stuff happens here in Chile, when criminals, and I'm talking about true criminals, the kind that murders, robs people with extreme violence and set shit on fire, get arrested or even shot by the police, people go out protesting claiming abuse of power.
      It's ridiculous.

    • @billycorgan3934
      @billycorgan3934 Před 3 lety

      Oh yes sure like Valtonyc???
      Like any other musicians? 😅

    • @danielcampanoflorido854
      @danielcampanoflorido854 Před 3 lety +2

      @@billycorgan3934 Valtonic encouraged people to go to kill Guardias Civiles on a stage after a concert...., apparently it should be legal..., tocate los huevos...

  • @thehaus6998
    @thehaus6998 Před 3 lety +4

    hey hilbert,great vid long and nice like I love it,but sometimes I feel you edit yourself out mid sentance and pass to another part

  • @elangelyt7738
    @elangelyt7738 Před 3 lety +7

    I remember playing CK2 I started as The Duke or county of Barcelona and the first thing I did was to become king of Aragon, that indeed was different from the Kingdome of Leon

  • @patrickschattilly8877
    @patrickschattilly8877 Před 3 lety

    Awesome video

  • @Tekudachi
    @Tekudachi Před 3 lety +30

    0:26 It's necessary to clarify that 2017 referendum of 1st of Octuber had a low participation and under age people was able to vote in that referendum (16 years old)

    • @uvbe
      @uvbe Před 3 lety +3

      16yo should be allowed to vote anyways.

    • @neminemtarot9664
      @neminemtarot9664 Před 3 lety +3

      VISCA CATALUNYA LLIURE //*//

    • @oriolandres1085
      @oriolandres1085 Před 3 lety +9

      You're wrong. The registered turnout was 43%, without counting the 700.000 votes stolen by Spanish police, and only people over 18 was allowed to vote

    • @saint_gales
      @saint_gales Před 3 lety +1

      not true

    • @unknownhandyman6821
      @unknownhandyman6821 Před 3 lety +3

      We also have to take in account how the Spanish police attacked poles, scaring many other catalonians.

  • @Guitarristandgoats
    @Guitarristandgoats Před 3 lety +10

    It's funny how you keep bringing examples of Catalonia trying to declare independence and for all of them go like "yeah but this doesn't mean they wanted to be independent eh they just didnt want anything to do with Spain"

  • @EduNauta95
    @EduNauta95 Před 3 lety +16

    The only reason Catalonia is not independent is because there is a sizable portion of spanish immigrants from 1950-80 that now make an approximate 50% of the region's population. Polls show that if you have 4 catalan speaking grandparents, 87% of people want independence, whereas 4 grandparents born outside catalonia, only 15% want independence.

    • @mrx0088
      @mrx0088 Před 3 lety +2

      And the real problem lays there. Everybody knows and understands it, even babies, but it's taboo to talk about it.

    • @danielforrester5265
      @danielforrester5265 Před 3 lety +4

      Well catalonia has been part of spain for centuries. Its inevitable that many have mixed familys. Most people wont vote to straddle their famiy accross a border. Even with open borders it complicates things as different legal jurisdictions can affect things like healthcare, next of kin, inheritance.
      Immigration is also a growing trend globally and especially accross the EU. The world is moving towards integration. National sentiments aside, spliting economies, reducing the pool of accessable universities, spliting families (both catalans in the rest of spain and other spaniards in catalonia) etc etc just doesn't make logical sense.

    • @EduNauta95
      @EduNauta95 Před 3 lety +5

      @@danielforrester5265 'splitting families' argument is bullshit. Small minority. True catalans don't have families throughout spain. Only people who live in catalonia but are not culturally or linguistically catalan do. Ethnic catalans will never stop trying to regain their land back. They feel like as different to spanish people as portuguese. Your argument will be valid when portugal goes inside spain.

    • @danielforrester5265
      @danielforrester5265 Před 3 lety +7

      @@EduNauta95 Riiiight cause people dont move for work, education etc and inter-marry..... Do you not think mixed race exist? Like it or not, racial purity of any individual is rare if not unlikely. Most people are of mixed ancestory even if its just a few %.
      Your line of thinking is borderline racist and supremist. Not very democratic to just disregard so many catalans as not 'true' catalans over mixed blood. Is a half catalan who speaks catalan amd born in catalonia not catalan to you? Pretty narrowminded if thats how you think

    • @EduNauta95
      @EduNauta95 Před 3 lety +4

      @@danielforrester5265 a catalan is not about genes, is about someone who lives in a catalan way. Most imigrant people and mixed people don't live in a catalan cultural way. They live in a spanish way. Being catalan is not superior to spanish, this is not about supremacism. It about setting differences clearly what castillian/spanish supremacist nationalism has wanted to muddle and make dissappear since the middle ages. Catalans are still here. They wont go anywhere. Catalonia is catalan land. Those who are 'mixed' will have to adapt or live elsewhere in the 'great spanish country'. Facts.

  • @chrisframpton7681
    @chrisframpton7681 Před 3 lety +2

    Can you do something on the Zong Massacre. I thought I was a learned historian, but just read about this and was shocked. It is a story that needs to be told and shared.

  • @xeroxsaw1303
    @xeroxsaw1303 Před 3 lety +16

    Quick correction, Pablo Hasel was charged with crimes of supporting terrorist groups such as ETA as well as death threats towards some people. For this he was sentenced to prison but ended up staying on probation. It was during his time on probation that he insulted the King and thus went to jail. Personally I feel like the law “Injurias contra la Corona” is frankly stupid and anti-democratic, but with that being said, Pablo Hasel has done things that do deserve jail time

  • @lukethomeret-duran5273
    @lukethomeret-duran5273 Před 3 lety +30

    Imagine if the northern spanish catalans and the southern french occitans united into a new country. A cool idea except i would no longer be french and now technically be occitan/catalan since the soutern half of france is technically the cultural, ethnic region of occitan.

    • @roms4154
      @roms4154 Před 3 lety +1

      les occitans tous comme les catalans sont en fait francais d un point de vue "ethnique" tout comme par exemple les corses sont plutôt italien d un point de vue ethnique !meme si la france n a pas vraiment une ethnie particulière . mais bon tous ca n a plus vraiment de sens aujourd'hui ! l europe del ouest s est tellement mélangé ! nous avons tous des liens historique fort entre francais , allemands , italiens , espagnols , britanniques , belges et hollandais !

    • @lukethomeret-duran5273
      @lukethomeret-duran5273 Před 3 lety +2

      @@roms4154 Im french and spanish. But yes i identify as more french than anything else. Also i dont really like the british or germans but i agree with the rest

    • @roms4154
      @roms4154 Před 3 lety +1

      @@lukethomeret-duran5273 it's not a question to like or not ! the link between our people and nations is a fact !

    • @lukethomeret-duran5273
      @lukethomeret-duran5273 Před 3 lety

      @@roms4154 dont worry ive studied french ethnic history and if anything has shaped my opinion

    • @RoderickVI
      @RoderickVI Před 3 lety

      @@roms4154 We are only ethnically french in as so far as to say we are descended of the Gallo-Romans and partially the Franks, but we are more Gallo-Roman than Frankish, unlike the north of France, thereby Id actually say us Occitans and Catalans are in fact Gallic, or Galloroman, not French.

  • @mccorama
    @mccorama Před 3 lety

    Great video

  • @alvarolopez656
    @alvarolopez656 Před 3 lety +18

    Awesome pronunciation my dude, keep it up! Just wanted to point out that Hasel is also being imprisoned for threatening a witness and throwing cleaning products over a journalist in a protest. Keep it up, loved your recent runes video

  • @iggomez1312
    @iggomez1312 Před 3 lety +4

    Perfect video. I am from Spain and you have done a really good content

  • @matheusferrao
    @matheusferrao Před 3 lety +11

    You should produce a video about the Basque country and Galícia

  • @mcbabwe4977
    @mcbabwe4977 Před 3 lety +21

    You forgot some of his larger crimes, such as how he assaulted a member on the press and early 2010's charges that were "paused", based.

  • @kierenandrews1944
    @kierenandrews1944 Před 3 lety +2

    It's all a really good video, the only mistake is that the rural regions are more pro independence than the cities

  • @gamf5996
    @gamf5996 Před 3 lety +16

    I think it’s the opposite of what you said the industrial centers of Barcelona and Tarragona and the upper classes are less independentist than the rural areas 22:24

    • @alvaro6587
      @alvaro6587 Před 3 lety +8

      The urban lower classes are usually less independentist since they are descendents of andalusian and southern spanish people

    • @grecolonsvila
      @grecolonsvila Před 3 lety

      @@alvaro6587 Basically.

  • @josemanuelreuss9604
    @josemanuelreuss9604 Před 3 lety +6

    It’s essential that you check the facts before creating a video like this. Pablo Hasel was NOT condemned because of ‘freedom of speech’ issues. He was incarcerated because he assaulted a witness and he beat a journalist, as well as other things such as praising terrorism. I think you should take this more seriously than just reading the newspaper headlines from misinformed media.

  • @Corwin256
    @Corwin256 Před 3 lety +3

    I love your attention to proper pronunciation of different languages. I'm not fluent in any of the languages, but I know the pronunciation rules that as a native English speaker, I just forget when I see those words. Especially Valencia, as that has the Spanish pronunciation with basically a lisp to it, and while I know that rule, I just never thought of it.

  • @DiscoDreamer1
    @DiscoDreamer1 Před 3 lety +13

    Oh boy, what a nice video about the Catalan situation, I sure hope the comment section is not a shitshow!
    (cool video btw)

  • @TheAmericanPrometheus
    @TheAmericanPrometheus Před 3 lety +7

    interesting to think that there's a viable alternate timeline out there where Spain and Portugal are united and Catalonia is independent.

    • @r.ladaria135
      @r.ladaria135 Před 2 lety +2

      Well, if Catalonia had not joined Spain, France would have annexed Catalonia.

    • @curry-
      @curry- Před rokem +1

      @@r.ladaria135 uhh Catalonia never joined Spain
      Spain was the Union between the crown of Castille and the Crown of Aragon (which included Catalonia) under the Catholic monarchy

    • @r.ladaria135
      @r.ladaria135 Před rokem

      @@curry- if not in Spain, Now we would be french . And probably the csyalan would have died.

  • @EannaWithAFada
    @EannaWithAFada Před 3 lety +12

    I really don't understand why they want independence
    Being a rich region doesn't make your region a bread basket like let's say Ireland was pre-independence from Britian
    It comes off a bit like they just think they're better than the Castillians and want independence because of that

    • @whitegold2960
      @whitegold2960 Před 2 lety

      Catalonia is basically Bavaria but more extreme
      We’re rich so we’re better xD

    • @Hipocamp-Vives-
      @Hipocamp-Vives- Před 2 lety +1

      Well, the reason of independece is to have more autonomi to grow in the social and economical way. This can be done without independence, in my opinion I think it would be better if we could get that autonomi without independence, but it's not that easy and the independenc it's just a direct path to that autonomi

    • @santakosoundsystem7542
      @santakosoundsystem7542 Před 2 lety +2

      There are many reasons. Some of them:
      1. We are a Nation and we have the right of self-determination.
      2. Spain threatens our Catalan language and culture instead of promoting them. An independent State will allow our culture to survive and develop.
      3. Castilians love their King. We Catalans don't want to be serfs of any King. Independence is the way to get a Republic.
      4. Spain doesn't invest enough in the Catalan Countries. It has been decades of spoliation now. They spend most of our money in Madrid, and a lot of that is going directly to the pockets of Spanish oligarchy and aristocracy.

    • @disbauxa
      @disbauxa Před 2 lety +1

      We are not better than anyone. For centuries we have been fighting against the repression of the disguised Spanish fascist state. Everything goes against us, you will never understand it if you do not come here. They don’t give us a voice because they want to tread (and have already done so) our culture, and so try to make us forget our main purpose, as we saw on October 1, 2017. We will persist until we become independent, for our own good and for our land. There are so many reasons…

    • @el_nesto1844
      @el_nesto1844 Před rokem

      @@santakosoundsystem7542 you are wrong on everything. 1 Catalonia is not a nation. 2 Spain does not threatens cooficial languages and they are taught in school. 3 The desire of a republic is spread all over Spain, stop thinking that Spanish people are all Vox voters. 4 Catalonia is the one that gets the most money in the state budgets while its not the autonomous region that makes the most money, that being Andalucia

  • @alphabetaomega265
    @alphabetaomega265 Před 3 lety +1

    Can you make a video about the dutch elections in two weeks? Thanks

  • @JMM33RanMA
    @JMM33RanMA Před 3 lety +10

    This is very interesting. At this time, with Scotland being flirting with independence, it might not be as apropos to ask why Spain doesn't consider the British model, El Reino Unido de Iberia, if not Los Estados Unidos de España.

    • @JonSeverinsson
      @JonSeverinsson Před 3 lety +12

      They already do. Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain. Different communities have different degrees of autonomy, and Catalonia is one of the three most autonomous communities (the other two being Galicia and the Basque Country).

    • @JMM33RanMA
      @JMM33RanMA Před 3 lety +1

      @@JonSeverinsson My last trip to Barcelona was a few years after the fall of Franco. I would usually try to use travellers guide Spanish, but found that got me hostility in Catalonia. I started to introduce all requests with, "Perdóname, mi lengua materna es el inglés y hablo muy poco español .... " This usually got a smile and, "Good, we don't speak Spanish here and prefer English."
      The political problem may be moving in the right direction, too, but if it is not resolved permanently it can flare up at any time. I am surprised that EU integration hasn't done a more thorough job, though.

    • @JonSeverinsson
      @JonSeverinsson Před 3 lety +6

      @@JMM33RanMA I'm not saying the political problem is solved, just that the British model won't help, as Catalonia already have more devolved powers than Scotland.

    • @JMM33RanMA
      @JMM33RanMA Před 3 lety

      @@JonSeverinsson Oh, I see. My understanding was seriously outdated.

    • @andrelopes3889
      @andrelopes3889 Před 3 lety +1

      To call it Reino Unido de Iberia is just as ill-advised as calling the islands of Great Britain and Ireland the "British Isles"

  • @polgarrigariba324
    @polgarrigariba324 Před 3 lety +4

    Rural areas tend to be independentist. Urban areas (around Barcelona and the coast) tend to be unionist. Within social classes, the highest classes are unionist, with middle and high-middle independentist, and low and middle-low classes unionist.
    The main factor is ethnolinguistic identity (most unionists are Spanish-speaking and they or their parents come from other regions) except for the highest classes which simply fear Catalonia becoming a rump state and prefer the statu quo.

  • @oscar_eslava_
    @oscar_eslava_ Před 3 lety +14

    It's funny that you have discovered to me that ther has been any kind of terrorist separatist organization in the Canary Islands! LOL. Really, you should check on that because I've never heard of such and I've been a spaniard myself for 49 years.
    Besides that, I love learning the history of my own country from foreign sources - they tend to be quite more impartial than the ones you can come by here. Good work!

    • @victorpujadasaltemir8747
      @victorpujadasaltemir8747 Před 3 lety +3

      I think he is talking about the Fuerzas Armadas Guanches, the militar branch of the Movimiento por la Autodeterminación e Independencia del Archipiélago Canario (MPAIAC). While they were not as active as ETA for example they did exist and it even had a mortal victimn. And I do know that they were a very small group but they were considered a terrorist organitzation by the Spanish Government

    • @oscar_eslava_
      @oscar_eslava_ Před 3 lety +1

      @@victorpujadasaltemir8747 Well thanks for the info. Once again, it's funny I have to learn these things here. However, it's a bit of a failure for a terrorist gang not to be known by their own countrymen for their criminal merits or motivations (I wish it'd happen more often, we had more than enough suffering ETA for decades)

    • @safahsalah5390
      @safahsalah5390 Před rokem

      I remember thier leader was killed in Algeria

  • @raymondsmith9975
    @raymondsmith9975 Před 3 lety +2

    Marcher Lords, right near the border of Dorne, yeah I'm familiar...

  • @mizuguru5015
    @mizuguru5015 Před 3 lety +31

    Spaniards: dude, our country is so lame
    Catalonians: yeah, I think we should leave
    Also spaniards: *oh no no, you stay here*

    • @meinkopf3855
      @meinkopf3855 Před 3 lety +14

      Actual Catalan Independentists: we are a superior class of people and we are so cool, we want more money and if we fuck up, Spain should rescue us again. Damn Spaniards.

    • @suerte1392
      @suerte1392 Před 3 lety +1

      No, you may not leave. If we have to suffer the other half of Spain you too.

    • @marcelinochaconleon8309
      @marcelinochaconleon8309 Před 3 lety +9

      @@meinkopf3855 That is not how Spain works man, practicly all the money that the Spanish Government has, is money from Catalonia. In Catalonia we don't want more money, we want OUR money.

    • @Eteriaa
      @Eteriaa Před 3 lety +7

      @@meinkopf3855 come again? Have you actually watched the video? It says that Catalonia is one of the most richest regions in Spain, second only to Madrid which has 19.2% of national GDP while Catalonia has 19.0%. If you consider this on top of all the bullshit coming from the central government which primarily benefits Madrid itself, you'll see that the situation is, in fact, the oppose of what you said.

    • @lNewAge
      @lNewAge Před 3 lety

      @@Eteriaa of course Madrid has recently surpassed Catalonia economically because it has only been the capital of Spain for a few years... (sarcasm)

  • @andevm5922
    @andevm5922 Před 3 lety +3

    Hilbert, Pablo Hasel has gone to prison for what we know as accumulation of sentences. He hit a trail witness, he force the entrance to a public building and, finally, he has made those songs. Media has twist the story to make a case of it, this guys is not an angel.

  • @ccityplanner1217
    @ccityplanner1217 Před 3 lety +5

    Philip V imposed on Spain a unitary polity on Spain (in emulation of France), which was completely unsuited to the country, having had up until that point more of a federal structure.

    • @shorewall
      @shorewall Před 3 lety +2

      I think the federal system is the most suited to humans. Have local states, with a formal union. Ala Germany, the USA, etc.

    • @SolarFlareAmerica
      @SolarFlareAmerica Před 3 lety +2

      @@shorewall so long as, unlike the US, diverse political parties are allowed to run, instead of just two.

  • @foundthestone5173
    @foundthestone5173 Před 3 lety

    Well crafted as always!

  • @quintentess2517
    @quintentess2517 Před 6 měsíci

    Dear Hilbert thank you for making me ever more wise

  • @samhouston4939
    @samhouston4939 Před 3 lety +3

    Because. Spain has denied the political and culture rights of the people.

  • @nlforces2079
    @nlforces2079 Před 3 lety +37

    Step 1: be early
    Step 2: insert funny joke about being early
    Step 3: profit

    • @hmartinspliff
      @hmartinspliff Před 3 lety

      Pablo Hasel-hoff, a lone crusader in a dangerous world. The world of the Knight Rider.

    • @hmartinspliff
      @hmartinspliff Před 3 lety

      Pablo Hasel creating hassle for Spanish government in Madrid.

  • @nicocurreri9805
    @nicocurreri9805 Před 3 lety +10

    As someone from Cataluña who just had to write a massive research paper on this exact thing, great job! I just wish you had made this a bit earlier, it would’ve helped a lot! 😂

    • @detainjappp
      @detainjappp Před 8 měsíci

      but this is just general information…

  • @Wulable
    @Wulable Před 3 lety +1

    The biggest test for countries like this with very distinct regions will come when online consensus polling becomes the norm in the coming decades versus representative government. Especially once global high speed internet is accessible to anyone it will be possible to directly vote and regional divides will perhaps become less important when everyone has a say in governance.

    • @monicavelazquezrodriguez3035
      @monicavelazquezrodriguez3035 Před 3 lety +1

      I agree with you. "Representative goverment" is a nice word for oligarchy, it is not a democracy at all, at least in Spain. There is no referendums and the polls are never aproved in legal terms, so, people have no participation in politics, only to vote richer politicians that are ruled by banks and companies.
      Besides politicians can choose the judges, so there is no political indepence in justice.There is no democracy in Spain.

  • @JanjayTrollface
    @JanjayTrollface Před 3 lety +11

    I've travelled and worked with a few people from Catalonia and they were all happy to have a candid, adult conversation about its independence status. I guess this in itself is a fair insight into part of the culture there, what surprised me was the range of opinions shared, even amongst close groups of friends. Only one of them was of full Spanish heritage and he didn't really care either way (as he felt like a part of both Spain and Barcelona) and both were bittersweet for him. Two were of 50/50 Spanish/Catalan heritage, one said he felt Spanish not Catalan and didn't care so much, the other felt Catalan to the core and was fully pro-independence. The 'full' Catalans I knew either didn't care so much or were pro-independence (a couple were HARDcore for independence) except for one girl that wanted to stay because "Espana is fucked without us", lolz. The fact that they were all good, intelligent people that could have a civil conversation on a touchy subject like this, without it souring relationships, was impressive to me (in this day and age anyways). Freedom for Catalunya!

    • @irenejover4316
      @irenejover4316 Před 2 lety +1

      Yes, that's all we want. Freedom. Freedom to decide for ourselves, a fair decision. ♡

  • @marks2457
    @marks2457 Před 3 lety +7

    It has allways srike me that you have an interest in spanish history

  • @Germ_f
    @Germ_f Před 3 lety +1

    Man, the independence movements flags are cool (I mean the design, not the significance)

  • @tadeuszsa8314
    @tadeuszsa8314 Před 3 lety +63

    Fundamentally, it is a Barcelona bourgeoisie that feels almost as strong as the Madrid bourgeoisie and wishes it could manage its businesses with less intervention from the Central State. That is, to make Catalonia its own playground without having to render accounts to Madrid or having to participate in the common Spanish expenses. But with the benefits of easy access to the Spanish market and the European Union.

    • @omerjameel3524
      @omerjameel3524 Před 3 lety +4

      No it's not about that we are one of the most profitable parts of Spain so that why Spain use us as a piggy bank to finance the hall of Spain because they are too lazy to work and need government grants/aids

    • @DaVultureTTG
      @DaVultureTTG Před 3 lety +12

      @@omerjameel3524 Im all for independance should the majority call for it, call it my irish ancestory living through me, however making generalising sweeping statements doesnt help premote your cause brother.

    • @tadeuszsa8314
      @tadeuszsa8314 Před 3 lety +16

      @@omerjameel3524 the same argument could be used inside Catalonia with the "poor" rural provinces of Lleida/Girona... vs the rich and urban Barcelona and his minor cities. Are the people of Lleida lazy and fools?

    • @oscargrove2107
      @oscargrove2107 Před 3 lety +4

      Yes and no. There is also a clear leftie CNT nostalgia movement going on. It’s a delicate alliance and both sides don’t hesitate to stab each other in the back.

    • @oscargrove2107
      @oscargrove2107 Před 3 lety

      @@omerjameel3524 Tu meen menys Madrid en roba i més arguments de calitat siusplau. Que sino europa no ens mira

  • @xtremestar1573
    @xtremestar1573 Před 3 lety +23

    You should get informed before talking. The 2017 "referendum" was not valid for several reasons:
    1) In Spain, the Constitution does not offer the possibility to divide the country; however, the Spanish Constitution admits any kind of change, so the constitutional process is to change it to include that possibility.
    2) I don't know how in other countries works, but in Spain, the money of the different autonomous communities is shared among the other communities to help each other. So, as well as many autonomous communities have benefited from Cataluña's money, Cataluña's has also benefited from the rest of Spain's money. So we have a conception that all Spain territory is of all Spanish people; and not that your community is yours and not of the others.
    3) Before taking place the "referendum", the Constitutional Court warned Cataluña's government that it was anti-constitutional (because the State government is the only one with the power to do referendum, among other issues).
    4) While voting, there were no control of the voters, so you could vote once, and then go to another place to vote for s second time (in fact some people did this).
    5) 16 years old people were allowed to vote. In Spain the legal age is 18, because it is considered that you are more mature an less easy influenced than when you are younger.
    6)Only 43'3% of the population voted. The people that didn't want to get the independence did not vote. The voting was biased. To illustrate this, in the last elections, the most voted party was PSOE, a not independentist party; and, in total, not independentist parties obtained 1332337 votes, while the independentist parties got 1357696. Nothing to do with a 90% in favour of independency.

    • @ag.3820
      @ag.3820 Před 3 lety +3

      Catalonia, especially Barcelona has seen HUUGE development and progress during laste 80s - early 90s mainly because of the olympics. I was amazed to see how much was done during these years, the ronda, port olimpico, Montjuic stadium, the freaking beach, entire neighbourhoods etc. That kind of investment surely didn't come from local budget but from all of Spain. I think Catalan forget that it's 2021 and we live in a diverse multicultural world and the only way forward is unity not extreme nationalism. They want out of Spain but still in EU.. lol

    • @miquelcolom7132
      @miquelcolom7132 Před 3 lety +4

      @@ag.3820 Spanish unity is precisely the opposite of multiculturalism. For instance, as it stands, the Spanish constitution explicitly says that all Spaniards have to duty to learn Spanish while most of the public opinion regards the existence of other languages as a stubborn nuisance rather than a source of richness and diversity. On top of that, there is this constant paternalism that suggests that Catalonia would have never developed if it hadn't been for Spain. To me, all of this sounds like Spanish supremacism, and it is rather the opposite of the multiculturalism that you say you process. Diversity in 2021? Ok then, perhaps it is time to teach in Catalan or Basque in schools from Madrid, or to make them official languages in the EU, or to have armed forces than don't vote massively for Vox, or to not constantly depose Catalonian presidents and detain rappers with biased judges, or perhaps to allow Catalonians to FREELY choose what is their political relationship with Spain in a peaceful way... Or does any of this somehow go against multiculturality?

    • @ag.3820
      @ag.3820 Před 3 lety +2

      @@miquelcolom7132 European Union is exactly that, the unity of a mix of cultures. I want to believe the future erases this ideas of “I speak this I am different than you and I want to make my own rules”. Based on this logic all the countries in Europe should be split in a thousand pieces. To me Catalonia is pretty independent as it is, has it’s own government, language that is thought in school over Spanish which is in minority etc.

    • @overdose8329
      @overdose8329 Před 3 lety +1

      @@ag.3820 Every culture and region has its own history, values, strengths, weaknesses, and problems therefore the EU’s one size fits all style of rules does not work and that is partly why you are seeing the growth of so many anti-EU sentiments across the EU countries.

    • @r32guy85
      @r32guy85 Před 3 lety

      @@miquelcolom7132 you realize 48% of the population of barca does not want out of spain? and why are you bringing up armed forces and what party they voted for, they can vote for which ever party they feel like. if you don't agree with them you don't need to include it into your arguement because it has nothing to do with what your saying.

  • @davsalda
    @davsalda Před 3 lety +5

    Not knowing much about the current Catalonian political make up... My gut instinct is that those southern Andalusian poor factory workers would be to this day (their descendants) in the urban areas. And I would think that the rural native Catalonian are more pro union bc they are probably more conservative, in contrast to the more liberal/euro-socialistic urbanites in Barcelona

    • @davsalda
      @davsalda Před 3 lety

      @Raul Armas Serina ohh

    • @palimpsestransparent
      @palimpsestransparent Před 3 lety +2

      @@davsalda you are correct. The immigrants from the south and their descendants are mainly in the outskirts of large cities, such as Barcelona. Some of the descendants integrated and became fully Catalan in regards to their sense of identity but others chose to remain Spanish. That is why pro independence is found more in villages.

  • @danielimmortuos666
    @danielimmortuos666 Před 3 lety +1

    Could you please do a video on Van Gogh?

  • @CH-fc8dm
    @CH-fc8dm Před 3 lety +1

    Great job. Would like an ETA video as well

  • @domingoguerra7381
    @domingoguerra7381 Před 3 lety +5

    Thank you for simplifying the history of the catalan independence movement for me. I moved to Barcelona 5 years ago from the USA. I recently bought a book about the Spanish Civil War trying to understand the history behind the independence movement. It is so confusing that I can only read a couple of chapters before my head starts swimming and I have to put the book down. Too many damn factions. How do they ever get anything done?

    • @hullie7529
      @hullie7529 Před 3 lety +2

      You can't make sense of it because you're looking in the wrong places. History has nothing to do with it because you can use it to justify any position as long as you focus on just some episodes and you interpret them a certain way. They're like Trump supporters, they want their way and won't accept anything else, and if they have to say the elections were rigged they'll claim so even if they don't have any proof. Separatists are like that, don't try to make sense of it all because most of the time they don't even know.

    • @Sanhi3
      @Sanhi3 Před 3 lety +5

      @@hullie7529 Calm down dude...

    • @disbauxa
      @disbauxa Před 2 lety

      @@hullie7529 deixe’m endevinar, o ets un colono a Catalunya o ets un anticatalanista. Se’t nota a l’hora d’escriure, tros de quòniam.

    • @guillem251
      @guillem251 Před 2 lety +1

      Your comment is the reason so many people want independance

  • @IceGuadian
    @IceGuadian Před 3 lety +9

    Cant wait for my country to split apart into flanders and wallonia. And its becoming more possible every year

    • @enricmm85
      @enricmm85 Před 3 lety +4

      Now that Scotland is outside the EU the race for causing the first secessionism-based EU crisis is between Catalonia and Flanders as other independentist movements in the EU seem to be asleep. I wish you all the luck but then again I want my Catalonia to win the race. Go Catalonia! Go!
      PS: Thank you for keeping Puigdemont safe, my secessionist pals ;)

    • @IceGuadian
      @IceGuadian Před 3 lety

      @@enricmm85 i think itll sooner be flanders than catalonia considering flanders is more than half of belgium and catlonia is a smaller part of big spain. But who knows, crazier things have happened in this world

    • @matpk
      @matpk Před 2 lety

      @@enricmm85 Compare 1930s Nazi Germany vs 2020s Communist China in your next video project before it's too late

  • @walnzell9328
    @walnzell9328 Před rokem +1

    Catalonia: We are uniquely different from the rest of Spain!
    Basque Country: We are uniquely different from the rest of Spain!
    Galicia: We are uniquely different from the rest of Spain!
    The rest of Spain: We are uniquely different from the rest of Spain!

  • @egyptianboi305
    @egyptianboi305 Před 3 lety +2

    can you make a video about why north sudan and south egypt want to break away from egypt and sudan respectively?