The Catalan Atlas - A Medieval Marvel
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- čas přidán 22. 09. 2019
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== SYNOPSIS ==
In 1375 the King of France requested from his ally, the King of Aragon, a map of the world. The task was given to a master cartographer by the name of Abraham Cresques. Using the latest technology and information of the world, Cresques labored to produce a world map like never before. His work was a marvel of medieval cartography and a snapshot into the mind of 14th century Europe.
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== IMPORTANT LINKS ==
www.myoldmaps.com/late-medieva...
(This only seems to open up in Chrome)
www.cresquesproject.net/catala...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan...
- Yes I know its wikipedia and not surprisingly its partially wrong
HOWEVER it does have the highest resolution pic of the map!
== MUSIC ==
OMRI LAHAV
Peak of Atlas
WORLD MUSIC OFFICIAL
/ @worldmusicofcl7548
Epic Middle Eastern War Music
Full Moon Night
ANNO DOMINI
Still Standing
I posted the idea of creating this video on my facebook page a few weeks ago and the response was very clear - a BIG 'YES!' So as requested here it is. I might be able to do more of these smaller episodes in the future so keep the suggestions and comments coming. In the meantime enjoy the video and don't forget to share on social media! The Flash Point History channel is coming up to 30k subscribers and I couldn't have done it without you!
Been a Spaniard. It is great and sad that you are able to show the history of Spain this wonderful way. How about the Almogavares?.
The warriors you mean?
10:08 why is it 12 tribes of Egypt when they call it Babylon?
19:23 Taprobané = seleucid/graecoindian rendition of 'Dvipa Ravana' island of (King) Ravana (probably Ceylon)
This video is amazing! What if the Catalan Atlas isn´t real at all? For 14th, I don´t know.
@@DonRubinjo well they kept updating the map - you can see variants from the 16th cen
Imagine, after living your whole life in the same village, opening up this map and dwelling over the wonders and mysteries of the world; staying awake at night pondering it all.
I love this comment - truly something to think about. Even in todays world there are people that have experiences like this.
The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page.
Saint Augustine
@@drzarkov39 Incredible quote - shared this morning on twitter and facebook
@@FlashPointHx I'm old enough to have grown up before the internet. I used to consume every atlas I found. Historical atlases showing the development of the world, regional atlases of demographics in my home state of Victoria, Australia, specialist atlases on all sorts of subjects. Just before the internet, in 1995 I lashed out to buy a damaged Times world atlas: comprehensive edition. Today I still look at maps and videos on maps like this one. So thanks for making the video.
@@Dave_Sisson wow - someone more into maps than I am. Happy that you liked the video!
As a Catalan myself I found this map fascinating, been able to read and understand the majority of the labels it's awesome! Catalan hasn't changed much since then.
interesting - some others who are Catalan who have commented here, said it was a bit difficult for them to read
@@FlashPointHx Mostly because the font I think, as I catalan myself, pausing the video it's quite readable.
@@FlashPointHx It's difficult, but not impossible😉. As wiros said it's mostly because of the font.
@@wiros Download the map from the Wikipedia site - you can zoom down and read more
There is a catalan magazine called "Sapiens" that is giving the atlas (a real scale version) to it's subscribers and it's really cool! Cheers for the video, It help me lots to understand it!
I'm catalan and I didn't know this map exists. Makes me proud that this piece of art and science is written in catalan. Thank you and great great video.
You are so welcome! I’m happy that you liked my video and that you picked up something of your heritage
Els mallorquins feim coses bones a part del balconing XD
@@albertfuster6847 de les costums anglosaxones, quedeu-vos amb el Gin Giró i oblideu el balconing :)
@@albertfuster6847 🤣🤣🤣
Eating raw fish at the border of the map in the far east... I'm looking at you, Japan!
Ha! And these people eat seaweed and call it a salad
heh!😁.i cant decide which one that makes me giggles..your smartness or your ass..heh..they being naked cause it hot and humid on summer..the soil is fertile to cultivate Oleander seed which sprouted big leaves..blooming vigourously..such sight to behold..they life joyously reaping what they sow while singing 'ike ike ike'..
exceptional choice of topic (also, narrator's voice - outstanding - tenor, modulation, knowledge. accompanying music - spot on, too). A+
Wow thanks ! That amazing praise - appreciate it
3:54 - That 'jewish star' isn't for any kind of jewish state, though, it's for the Karamanid beylik in Anatolia who used that as their flag. It's the Seal of Solomon and was used by other muslim states like the Isfendiyarids and famous individuals such as Hayreddin Barbarossa.
Yes, some of the other people have mentioned this as well.
@@FlashPointHx Ah, sorry, I gave only a quick check and didn't see! Cool video though, I found it very interesting :)
Oy vey we poor jews must have free land and treat the palistienians as Hitler treated us thats gods way
Yes, more videos about medieval/renaissance inventions/concepts/scientific advancements!
Hahha - yes sir!
In short:
Early medieval period -
Some dude: "this Old Roman stuff is really neat, aqueducts, big arenas, sewerage. Man could you build it, pls?"
Engineers: "Yeah, you know we kinda forgot how to build this shit"
Somewhere in Alexandria: "Too bad someone DESTROYED SHITTON OF FUCKING BOOKS ON SUCH TOPICS"
Middle medieval period -
First scholar: "dude, if I throw log into the fire, it will burn"
Second scholar: "HOLY FUCK"
Intermediate medieval period -
Some person: "These arab dudes are really nasty but they got some cool shit from Antiquity and they are good at math"
Spanish and Italian nobles shipping Arabic translates of Greek works: "I am about to start this man's whole education"
Late midages-renaissance:
Church: "This shit is dumb"
Galileo and bunch of other scholars before 14-16 century who nobody knows and I am lazy to look for their names: "No, you are dumb. I am going to set this shit right"
PEOPLE BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND that up to 3 ad Greek dudes were really smart and world shifted to regress until ~14 century. So there is no progress in history therefore it's just a Marxist bs. OH WAIT MARX WASN'T BORN YET
Bacon: "I think we should build models first, experiment, prove, and then talk about how the whole world really works"
Kepler: "Yeah, I think math is a good thing which you can build model with"
AGAIN Galileo just COPYING ARISTOTLE: "I think we can't really understand everything in the world but we could interpret things in out human way"
A BIT LATER:
Newton: "Hello, I am here to kick some asses and [to invent calculus (fuck off Leibniz), the model of world gravity, come up with how the light moves etc]. And as you can see I've already done everything specified in parenthesis"
As someone who is half Portuguese myself I am deeply grateful for the time, effort, and the energy being poured into this project. The story of Portugal and that of Spain is a fantastic and fascinating tale one that my family would deeply hold in reverence.
Thank you for this awesome comment - we have a Portuguese community here in the SF Bay Area and those that I’ve meet are fiercely proud of this history and heritage so I can totally understand where you are coming from. Thanks again for saying this!
This history is part of the Crown of Aragon's history. This map is usually shown in balearic Islands' schools or the catalan once, but not in the rest of Spain...
Yeah Portugal is Spain too right?
Had this video added to my "To-Watch" playlist, but due to working ~15h/day I didn't get to see it until now. Absolutely incredible work! Loved every minute of this!
So happy that you liked this! It definitely means a lot coming from you my friend!
This map is absolutely fascinating. I was completely caught by surprise by the details of the coasts of nowadays countries like Italy, Algeria, Tunisia Spain, Greece, Turkey, Croatia or France for example and the compilation of knowledge on such things as pearls cultivation, resources or African kingdoms to name a few is incredible in my opinion for a 1375 piece of work!
Awesome subject and great treatment, thank you!
You are so welcome! Happy you liked the video and the content
We, the mallorcan people were great merchants in the mediterranean sea, we knew it very well
@@albertfuster6847 Thank you sir for enlightening me on this topic. As a lambda French guy I didn't have a single clue about how Mallorcan traders could be that precise at studying the whole Mediterranean sea and all its coasts.
The expansive history of Spain is a fascinating story and I commend you for devoting so much energy and time into each of your videos.
Thank you! I find it more and more fascinating as I go along
fascinating conquest of forced religion
At the time this map was drawn Spain did not exist, neither as a reign nor as a country. The Iberian peninsula was divided mainly on four reigns: Granada, Portugal, Castile and Aragon.
Is to the king of Aragon that this map was commissioned.
The reign of Aragon included the Catalan Counties and hence the name of the map.
@@cadburries Spain exist as a sinonim of Catholic Iberia, so not as a country but as a imperial idea for the unification of the peninsula. The kings of leon claim to be the imperator hispaneae. Also the origin of Aragon is the Marca Hispanica so........
@@cadburries Crown of aragon not kingdom if aragon
Fascinating! And I can even read the map, it's almost modern catalan.
Ha! Happy you like it - some of the others who have commented here have said the same thing
The Catalan Google Maps :D
Ha!
Oh wow, i can read some of it directly. For example in 6:44 " Aquesta regio de nuruega es molt aspra y molt freda y muntanyosa[...] y plena de boscos..." Almost like modern day catalan.
And in 8:19, you are showing the wrong text. The thing you are reading is further north-east: "Tota aquesta [...] tenen gens q son embollats..."
Thats awesome ! That is exactly the reason I used the close ups
Interesting - I'm basing this off the research I came across - I don't speak or read Catalan myself
I bought a Catalan atlas “poster” and placed it under some glass on my coffee table. I’m in the process of decorating key spots that interest me with rhinestones. I used gold rhinestones to give Mansa Musa two gold coins instead of one lol. And I marked Palma with a blue rhinestone to represent the blue Star of David in honor of Cresques and the other medieval Jewish cartographers
As you can see from the edge of the map, the mermaids show the breakdown of science.
History channel: hold my beer...
And cue ancient aliens . . .
This mermaid seems like the first Starbucks logo LMAO
@@albertfuster6847 it actually could have been - this was how mermaids were portrayed in a bunch of books and inscriptions
A video about The Tabula Peutingeriana would be just as interesting, along with A video about the Tabula Rogeriana .
Often I find people interested in history to always focus on wars, kings, and political spectrum in general. In your video though, it can be clearly seen how deep can we get into the mind of the medieval person through looking at their everyday creations. How their understanding of the world was formed and most importantly what was their imagination for the world in general. Amazing video. Keep up the great work.
Thank you so much! Happy that you like the video. Yes, you're right this map is a window into the mind of the medieval person on the cusp of the age of discovery. Impressive that our ancestors had that drive to go forth and explore
I did the Catalan Atlas jigsaw puzzle some years ago and I was able to make out only very few words or place names. I was always wondering what the descriptions read. Thank you so much for solving so many questions!
Too cool - they had a jigsaw of this map? that must of been really cool to put together
@@FlashPointHx It was! 4000 pieces!
Wow do you remember where you bought it? I’d love one
@@lauragranger9813 Hi, sorry for my late reply! I was living in Italy at that time. I just walked into a toy shop and bought it. Unfortunately, I don't remember who the maker was.
I am Catalan and I already knew about this map since I read many years ago a book by the name "L'Atles Furtiu" by Alfred Bosch. But I have never seen the atlas so deeply explained before. Thanks a lot, boss!
Thank you! Really happy that you liked it - especially coming from a Catalan
this map is like a sober guy had to draw the world and took a shot everytime he drew a country
hahahahah!! This cracked me up
@@FlashPointHx thanks :)
The map you presented here is amazing. The level of detail and knowledge is astonishing for a time for which people claim was filled with stupid people under the dogmatic pressure of the church. The island of the Amazons could fit the location of Sri Lanka or Ceylon. Also, if one presumes that the knowledge of China is based of Marco Polo's visit, how are there Chinese vessels in Indian Ocean? That points to almost direct naval contact between say, Middle Eastern countries and China in India. And the island east of China has both elements of Japan AND to be precise, not Sumatra or Java, but Borneo and New Guinea. New Guinea has a big mountain range with impassable jungle surrounding it, even in modern times. The giants are imagination, but cannibalism was rampant among the indigenous populations inland of the island. Again, one can only wonder how did that information with a figment of reality reach some Jewish guys in Majorca...
Amazingly well said! Love your comment - this gave me pause for thought - you're right Iana could easily be Sri Lanka. The map has secrets in plain view - that Chinese Junk for example; I had to research the Ming Dynasty after reading what you wrote. During the Ming (about 50 years prior to the creation of this map) - they had massive fleets that sailed to explore the world. Perhaps this is where the depictions arise from? And the SE Asian archipelago - that makes sense about cannibalism as well. Thank you for this!
@@FlashPointHx The large Ming fleets of Zheng He (that did reach ports in India, Arabia, and East Africa) were a few years after the creation of the Atlas (from 1405 onwards). The Ming came to power only in 1368, i.e. shortly before the Atlas was produced, and in their first years, implemented a policy of isolationism.
That said, there had been trade between China and India via Southeast Asia already under the Yuan dynasty. As the map seems to incorporate quite a lot of trading knowledge about the Indian coasts, and some Europeans travelled to Persia now and then, reports from Arabian or Indian traders about Chinese junks in Indian ports didn't have that far to travel.
@@varana I thought they came a bit earlier. I have a buddy of mine that does the Hx of China Podcast. Let me ask him
btw, its called Jung not Junk, pronounce Joong
It is probably not a depiction of Sri Lanka. The location of it was already known well before in Europe, through Ptolemy who called it Taprobane. His work was not widespread at all in medieval europe, but Isidore of Seville also mentions Taprobane in his Etymologies (English translation by Barney et. al. 2006, page 286.) Since the Etymologies are among the most copied and well known books through all of the middle ages, as well as one of the most important books on geography, it seems not plausible that Cresques did not have knowlede of it. I can't tell why he chose not to depict Sri Lanka, and i can't tell either, where his information on the amazon island comes from, or why he put it in that exact location.
Zheng He and his fleet only traveled on routes well known to Chinese merchants since long before. So it is plausible, that Marco Polo could have heared of such trade, although i am not familiar with that source material.
The "short video" might not do the map justice but it does a great job of opening the door to have a peak on the map and the conditions that lead to its design and creation. Great work!
If I can get even one person to take a deeper look into this, then I'd be happy.
Impressive video. A high degree of quality. Of course I would enjoy more videos like this.
did a search of for Medieval Maps....... saw the title of your video loaded it..... AND surprise I recognize that voice!!!- took a look and YES it is Flash Point History ,😃 one of my fav. podcasters/doc./history persons!! ............ great story telling as always ......... great work does not have to be long - through enough........I vote YES to this type of video
😃
Nice!
Extraordinary! I certainly didn't know about this atlas, and you have described us its various details and information. As you said, it's a glimpse in the level of knowledge of the time. Thank you very much for this video.
You are so welcome! I’m happy that you enjoyed the content and that you learned about this incredible map. Like you said it is a snapshot of the mindset of the time.
This video is pure educational gold! Plus, sooooooo interesting for the fans of maps and cartography.
Happy that you liked this! I'm a huge fan of maps
Imagine how much work went into this marvelous thing.
I know right. . . years to make the map
Amazing, the old world was far more interconnected than I had originally imagined
And in a relatively short order. In 150 years there would be world empires
Why ask if we want more vids like this in the future? The answer is obviously "Yes, please!" You are highlighting significant parts of history often untold or glossed over by many "Western" history books.
Cartman! Good to see you here as always - yes sir - I'll make more of these mini-episodes going forward.
not especially "western", history books at all.
Thank you for this, helluva way to be introduced to your channel. You've certainly ignited the fires of imagination with this one, keep up the good work.
Nice!! I love hearing that my videos get people more interested in history. I'll keep up the videos on my end. Take care!
Fantastic video. Entertaining, educational and an absolute delight!. YES, PLEASE do more of these. Have definately subscribed to your site.
Welcome aboard!
This is really a magnificent series, good quality very informative and intriguing, especially this one, please keep 'em coming.
Thank you so much! I put a lot of time and effort into making these videos. I appreciate that you enjoyed them so much. I definitely intend on keeping this going.
Glad that I have found this channel, really interesting insights into a fascinating time period!
Thanks! Happy that you liked it!
Absolutely beautiful video. I love your work!!!
Thank you so much!!
This is SOOOO cool!! You did an amazing job and I'm certainly subscribing and going to check out your other videos.
Thanks ! Let me know what you think of the other videos!
First time seeing this map. Praise your presentation. Excellent! Super! Yet, again. 💖😎
awesome - Happy that you liked it
Very cool presentation. I'm 69 and always seeking new knowledge.
you can never stop learning
Gj as always !!
Your narration is so smooth that if you made a 5 hrs long video , the interest would never been lost .
Thanks for the quality given to us !
You're so welcome. A five hour narrative ? Wow that would be a feat to create and listen to =)
This is amazing. This map is a huge step forward from other medieval maps. Great Job.
I agree - happy that you liked the video as well!
Great quality video! I enjoyed it from start to end
Happy that you liked it !
Man this was great as most of your videos. Yes please I like to see more videos like this one. It’s fascinating. Thank you
Will do ! Happy that you liked it!
This is incredible! Thank you for the good work
You’re welcome!
What a wonderful piece! Thank you!
You are so welcome!
Incredible work, this is a must see to understand the thinking of the time
Thanks - I agree, this was a snapshot into the mindset of the time.
fantastic video, fascinating topic. great music choice throughout as always.
thanks~!
This is great I loved every minute of it
awesome to hear!
Fantastico, Obrigado. Keep this amazing work!!!
Thank you!
Wonderfulness incarnate! Your videos are awesome.
Really happy that you liked my video so much!
I not only enjoy your videos, I LOVE them. Just binged your entire channel content, and I don't regret it.
wow - thats like a day of watching my content on youtube - impressive!! More to come!
@@FlashPointHx I hope so! Just wanted to say how impressive the quality of your vids became as they improved during the span of the last three years. Let's hope your sub count will reflect that soon enough!
Thank you Thank you Thank you for your time and effort
You are very welcome
@8:50 If you compare the lizard scales with the google map, you'll see the same dead serpent - with its head cut off - according to the old literature.
Absolutely fascinating. This is one of the most interesting videos I've seem Thank you, I enjoyed this.
I'm so happy that you liked it!
I agree.
The background music is well chosen.
I've saved this for future reference.
Amazing video! Just wow... Thanks alot!
You're so welcome!!
This is an Amazing Atlas, thanks for the presentation!!!
Thanks!!
Hey! I just wanted to thank you for this video again I referred to the Catalan atlas in my paper! Thanks again
Send me a link to your paper
Enjoyed your video very much. Please do more about maps. Definitely subscribing
will do
👑RÍOS FAMILY 👑 it refers to the ROYAL HOUSE OF ASTURIAS where the RÍOS👑 last name most likely originated from 👑
Flash Point History upload HYPE! More of the amazing things from Iberian Peninsula!
will do!
Fascinating, I love maps. Great choice of subject
Glad you enjoyed it! Love this map!
more like this old maps PLEASE
incredible documentary, thanks
Thanks!
Man, this is such a good in-depth look into the 14th century European worldview. Excellent!
Thanks!
Wow! Thank you for posting.
My pleasure - happy that you liked it
Fabulous documentary!! Thank you
Thank you!
@@FlashPointHx my pleasure. I would love to see details about each area say eastern europe, anatolia, middle east and so on
Fantastic work with detail. Thanks for your videos. I live in Malaysia. In the map the unknown traporbana is most probably Philippines and north Borneo island. This zones was habited by Canibals and naked tribes that were pirates on the sea routes leading to the Malaca Strait. So this zone was known by traders as a dangerous zone. For sure there was history of fights that grow with their imagination. The legendary Traporbana was considered as the end of the known world, by Luis vaz de Camões on Lusíadas. So a reference for this important Map.
Think you are right. Funny how even such a distorted map, there is a bit of truth
Very impressive & informative production. Will be subscribing for more!
Good to have you onboard
thanks, very informative video.
Excellent video. I did not know there was such a map. Well Done.
Happy to hear this!
The map is often quoted in different sources, but I never knew all those quotes stem from just one map. Subscribed.
Yeah I was equally fascinated. I've seen bits of this map my entire life - to have it all in one place is just awesome
Loved the video! Would love to see some older maps too, viking, roman etc
If time permits. I will be doing a series on the discovery of the new world and I'm sure there will be a few maps that will come up!
Extraordinary ❤
Thanks :)
Fantastic! Thank you. There is so much more history to the Balearic Islands than many know. Even today some of the old Arabic Scripted language is spoken in Spanish. Their Rock Slingers were so famous for their skill, they were more feared than the archers of most armies.
I've always wanted to go there - heard its a really party stop these days
This is an very impressive video, well done good sir!
Thanks !
very well done....thank you
You're so welcome!
Great episode. Thumbs up!!
Thanks !!
Impressive map for 1375 plus it appears like a work of art. Thanks for the video.
My pleasure !
I loved this! I am a blue water sailor and truly enjoy these narratives! Thank you!
thank you! I wonder - when you see a map like this does it make you think of all those before you who shared a desire to determine what lies beyond the horizon?
Wonderful work thanks
youre welcome!
Truly fascinating presentation.
Thank you - appreciate that!
Stunning presentation!
Thank you! Really happy that you liked it!
Fascinating bit of history.
Thanks!
Great video! The Catalan Atlas is also a great source of knowledge regarding early heraldry and vexillology, as are other portolan maps of the Catalan school.
Good point - you can seen (at least in the European aspect of the map) a snapshot of the politics of the time.
@@FlashPointHx As a Bulgarian, I couldn't help but notice a tiny detail - the atlas does contain a flag that is presumably the one of the medieval Bulgarian kingdom (as evident by other maps), but it's right next to a fold, so the gold paint has almost entirely been scratched off and you can barely see the flag's contours. In copies of the atlas, it's been replaced with a blank or silver flag.
There is a video on CZcams, it is in French of the Catalan atlas. Take a look at that one - it doesn’t have as many map creases as the one I had access to. I think they were able to do their video based on the map that is in Paris. Perhaps the Bulgarian flag is there
@@FlashPointHx Thanks, I'll make sure to check it out. However, I've examined all three maps attributed to Cresques (the Catalan atlas as well as the maps housed in Paris and Naples) in high resolution and the flag on the Bulgarian sea coast is scratched out or smudged in all three (*insert conspiracy theme*) I've managed to find it in other maps of the time (Pietro Vesconte in 1321, Angelino Dulcert from 1325, Guillem Soler in 1385, Mecia de Viladestes in 1413 and 1423, and Battista Beccario in 1426), but it's just a funny bit of trivia that in all of Cresques' maps it's damaged. If anything, it says something about the region's dwindling importance in the wake of Ottoman conquest that flags in this section of the map were worn. Or, conversely, that section suffered a lot from pointed fingers at the war room.
@@axechop Ta mate will look into them
Did not do much study on historical maps at uni but am making up for it
PS GIS ruined cartography which saddens me
Yet so many in villages around the world knew of no dialed except their own a could not fathom a skin color more than a few shades different than their country. Those who are homebodies owe so much to those who explore and gather knowledge throughout all of history. Great video! I had no idea that this existence. Thank you for gathering and sharing the knowledge.
Sorry, my phone has episodes of manic autocorrect.
Love that you like the video! It was a lot of fun to make this. I’m really happy how much people really like it. You’re right, we all a lot to the intrepid few who are willing to go out and discover this for everyone else.
those maps look cool
Brilliant video. Thank you a lot
You're welcome! Happy that you enjoyed my video
@@FlashPointHx well, I had attended an exhibit once where the Catalan Atlas was displayed and, while it was carefully curated, your video gave me a deeper insight on the pivotal historical relevance of this map and understanding of the period, secular-mythological clashing forces shown across the map, and dozens of "Aha!" moments. You show that CZcams can be much more than cat videos (although those are cute too!)
@@aguerrero I'm so jealous - you got to actually see this map in person. As for cat videos - I live in the Bay Area and every year in Oakland they have the international CZcams Cat video festival. Its been sold out for the past 7 years!
excellent as always.
Thank you!
Excellent presentation
Thank you!
What an excellent watch.
Hey thanks! Happy that you liked it!
Brilliant Video, well put together! Have you considered doing this for the Fra Mauro Map? Keep up the great work.
Thank you! If I could find a high res pic of the Fra Mauro it would be possible. Do you know of any good sources?
Amazing video thank u
thanks!
Amazing job!!!
Thank you!
keep posting more fascinating info like this! gives a whole new meaning to globalism! it started about the time they made this map! very intriguing!
will do
That was awesome! Good work! Would you consider doing this for other famous maps like Ptolemy's World Map or the Tabula Peutingeriana?
maybe a latter map would be feasible
This is fantastic!
Thank you!
very well done sir.
Thank you!!!
Another great video. A question? Did you make a video about the final fall of Grenada and the surrender of Bo Alim, I think that is the spelling. I watched all 38 episodes of Worlds at War but I don't remember what should have been the last episode, the fall of Grenada?
Getting to that soon - My next episode is about Granada - The Last Kingdom of Islam.
Great video I love maps. any recommendations for a History of the world by maps type of book? Thanks
I have 'Mapping the World' by Micheal Swift - its fairly basic, but covers a lot of time periods and allows one a chance to see the big picture.
I love antique maps, great video.
thanks!