Writing Chord Progressions in Harmonic Minor [MUSIC THEORY / SONG WRITING]

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  • čas přidán 11. 05. 2024
  • The Chord Progression Codex is NOW AVAILABLE! shorturl.at/bouLV
    My pro theory + songwriting course bit.ly/2J2Nctn
    Enroll in my Rhythm Training Course at ANY price! bit.ly/3wDacU4
    Get the PDF Here: bit.ly/2mo9Ygk
    Confused? Try the Intro to Harmonic Minor: bit.ly/2uLEvIT
    In this video, we go over the chords in Harmonic Minor and some suggestions on how to put them together in order to write music only using the Harmonic Minor scale.
    *All chords are covered with the exception of the Augmented bIII chord. I forgot to mention that the chord is nearly useless to me and I have yet to find a use for it in the context of Harmonic Minor.
    I will be posting tabs and the jam tracks on my Patreon page for my subscribers. Special thanks to Linas Orentas for helping sponsor these lessons!
    Patreon: bit.ly/2zFwzOO
    / signals_music
    / signalsmusicstudio
    www.signalsmusicstudio.com
    Free online guitar lessons for beginners, intermediate, and advanced players. Located in Crystal Lake, Jake Lizzio provides free jam tracks and video lessons for guitar players, as well as music theory videos and other music education content.
    Table of Contents:
    00:00 Intro
    00:34 Harmonic Minor Scale
    03:26 The Diminished Chords
    06:13 Writing In Harmonic Minor
    07:48 Harmonic and Natural
    10:07 Wrapping Up

Komentáře • 671

  • @SignalsMusicStudio
    @SignalsMusicStudio  Před 5 lety +214

    00:38 Building the Chords
    01:28 Start writing!
    03:26 Discussing Diminished
    04:17 i-iiº
    05:00 DEMO i-iiº in Minor and H.M.
    05:42 iiº-V-i
    06:13 More Writing!
    06:58 DEMO Yngwiesque Prelude
    07:48 Comparing Against Minor
    09:30 DEMO H.M vs Minor in i-iv
    10:06 Final Thoughts

    • @jasonlove4583
      @jasonlove4583 Před 5 lety

      Signals Music Studio the link to the next video that you mentioned at the end of this one?

    • @jasonlove4583
      @jasonlove4583 Před 5 lety +1

      Nevermindddd just realized this vid was posted today. I'm new here. XD

    • @oneeyemonster3262
      @oneeyemonster3262 Před 5 lety

      You need to change the WAY you think....YOu CAN PLAY WAHTEVER the HELL you want,,,,,Even if you use just the notes of the harmonic scale
      You can ALTER the chords...ASIDE from just stacking it EVERY OTHER NOTE
      The Iion #5, Phrygain dominant, and locrain b4. bb7...are also possible AUGMENTED CHORDS
      You can also my the Lydian #2...min. diminished, or min/Maj7
      You dont have to stack it every other note.
      There's 9 parallel scales....you know this..you're suppose to use ALL
      of THEM and mix them all up...becuase just like the Natural minor
      you'll also get BORED of playing just the notes within the Harmonic min
      over and over again....even if you alter chords as from going every other
      note...or play those modes forward , backwards or upside down...
      FREE bird is in E minor......The F MAJOR chords derive from
      E harmonic min b2...aka N6
      Even in WILD HORSE..rolling stones.
      .during the chorus...that b2 MAJOR chord
      gets inserted
      BYW C HUNGERIAN MAJO = E Harmonic min b5
      C lydian #2, b7...incase you wanna make it C7
      or A dorian b2, #4
      it's like the harmonic min and melodic min got together.lmao

    • @rosemarygao
      @rosemarygao Před 5 lety

      The best guitarspell caster! 🧚‍♀️🧚‍♂️🦄🍓🥑

    • @user-pw9bw2do8y
      @user-pw9bw2do8y Před 5 lety +1

      Hi Jake! Take a look at my progression (play arpeggio): Em | F#m7b5(2322xx) | C | D#dim7 (x6757x) | Em | F#m7b5(2322xx) | C | B - sounds very cool!

  • @allxtarmusic
    @allxtarmusic Před 5 lety +904

    Best guitar theory Channel on CZcams.

  • @rageagainstmyhatchet
    @rageagainstmyhatchet Před 5 lety +454

    Best guitar theory Channel on CZcams
    (Worth saying twice)

  • @ThomasAbts
    @ThomasAbts Před 5 lety +242

    I am a drummer and can only play guitar on a very basic level. But I watch this channel, like I watch Bob Ross painting, while not being a painter: It's just entertaining to watch and learn something at the same time, because it is presented and explained so well!

    • @SignalsMusicStudio
      @SignalsMusicStudio  Před 5 lety +38

      damn dude that's awesome to hear, I'm glad I'm reaching past just the guitarists!

    • @ThomasAbts
      @ThomasAbts Před 5 lety +5

      Of course it was some more rhythm based video (the infamous missing Master of Puppets note), which initially brought me here, but since I am a progressive metal songwriter for 30 years, I am always interested to expand and consolidate my music theory knowledge. You have to keep up with these guitarists ! ;-)
      Since you are obviously a Dream Theater fan, I guess you might even like our stuff. I consider the following song section, which is part of a 20+ minute epic, as one of our best compositions: czcams.com/video/sqjLqx_lEuI/video.html

    • @alfredcollins2558
      @alfredcollins2558 Před 5 lety +4

      Signals Music Studio Oh. You don't only reach drummers. Pianists also.

    • @craigcotter7476
      @craigcotter7476 Před 5 lety +6

      Bob bloody Ross again. Almost everywhere I go on you tube someone mentions Bob Ross.

    • @bobwilson360
      @bobwilson360 Před 5 lety +7

      @@craigcotter7476 the longer an internet discussion goes on the probability of a Bob Ross citation approaches 1.

  • @loganbrown3565
    @loganbrown3565 Před 3 měsíci +2

    Owe this man my life for the progress I've made not only on guitar but keyboards, woodwinds and producing as well. God bless

  • @mrjoni663
    @mrjoni663 Před 5 lety +185

    This channel is honestly one of the greatest around for practical theory learning. I've only recently gotten into it, but you made it so easy to understand all the scales and modes and how to use them in real song writing that I can actually practice it by myself. Thank you for making such great content.

    • @blackcitadel37
      @blackcitadel37 Před 5 lety +8

      This one, Ongaku Concept (about music theory in game soundtracks) and Rick Beato's (music theory, orchestration, production, etc) channels are awesome.

  • @mehrabnikoofaraz233
    @mehrabnikoofaraz233 Před rokem +7

    9:33
    It's actually a catchy melody, I didn't expect to get a wonderful music inside a theory class. I appreciate it.🔥🔥

  • @educostanzo
    @educostanzo Před 5 lety +95

    How can you make it so easy to understand? I've studied harmonic minor before, but your approach makes everything so straightforward. Love your theory lessons!

    • @TheLuizSouza
      @TheLuizSouza Před 5 lety +8

      I guess it's not that he makes it simple, but also that people usually over-complicate it.

    • @carltaylor4942
      @carltaylor4942 Před rokem

      educostanzo - Yes! Every time I watch one of Jake's videos I think, "Ah! Now I get it! At last!" He is such a great teacher.

  • @Paul-gf6kp
    @Paul-gf6kp Před 3 lety +2

    This is the only channel that makes sense of the theory. All the other channels don’t make good sense of it

  • @elihill294
    @elihill294 Před rokem +2

    I play piano, but I always come here first for theory videos. You're just that good of a teacher.

  • @timothyclay3668
    @timothyclay3668 Před 5 lety +59

    Excellent lesson... clear and informative. As has been said in other comments Signals is one of the best "practical application of music theory" channels on CZcams. All the work you put into producing these lesson videos is very much appreciated.

  • @natehartman967
    @natehartman967 Před 2 lety +1

    Been playing for 30 years and this dude has taught me how to play all over again! Mucho kudos!!

  • @gholamrezaotoofat6907
    @gholamrezaotoofat6907 Před 2 lety +1

    Watching this video 3 years after its posted and its still one of the greatest "music" lessons of all time. This is what its meant when someone says i teach "music".. pure , thanks

  • @BobRossLives
    @BobRossLives Před 5 lety +1

    You are the best teacher/demonstrator/explainer on You Tube. I will absolutely support your channel. Thank you.

  • @nicholighkun
    @nicholighkun Před 5 lety +12

    There are few (if any) music teachers on CZcams who are as easy to understand as you are, and none of them are as prolific. Thank you for investing in the future of a sea of musicians. We appreciate it very much.

  • @blackcitadel37
    @blackcitadel37 Před 5 lety +7

    If i could i'd watch your videos all day. There is so much information and shown in a very practical and intuitive way.

  • @RandyBakkelund
    @RandyBakkelund Před 5 lety +10

    Killer lesson! Harmonic minor is my favorite scale. I've been wanting a lesson like this for awhile.

  • @JYelton
    @JYelton Před 5 lety +9

    Your videos are really excellent. You explain things very clearly and provide examples that solidify concepts. Your delivery and playing are really top-notch; combined with concise video editing makes your channel a must-see! Thanks!

  • @EC2727
    @EC2727 Před 5 lety +6

    I've been waiting a lifetime for this video! I'm so glad that you've ventured into this topic...I literally opened CZcams on my right monitor while /trying to/ write a song in a D harmonic minor scale in Ableton on my left! Timing could not have been better; information could not have been more beneficial. I truly appreciate all the work you do for us here, Jake.

  • @tissuemissue9324
    @tissuemissue9324 Před 5 lety +10

    The best music education channel on youtube, easy to understand, Good luck mate

  • @ThePouchey
    @ThePouchey Před 5 lety +4

    Tremendous! I appreciate the efficiency of your lessons.

  • @squarefrog
    @squarefrog Před 5 lety +3

    Wow, that progression sounds phenomenal. Thanks for the video Jake, really inspiring.

  • @blackcitadel37
    @blackcitadel37 Před 5 lety +161

    5:07 Santana mode activated.

    • @gavinreid8351
      @gavinreid8351 Před 5 lety

      Jefferson Sales uses Dorian.

    • @blackcitadel37
      @blackcitadel37 Před 5 lety +8

      i bet he uses modes from the harmonic minor too. this scale has a strong latin sound, depending on the rhythm you play in.

    • @lucas.n
      @lucas.n Před 5 lety +5

      damn... i was about to write exactly the same thing :P

    • @keeranimal8
      @keeranimal8 Před 5 lety +4

      You beat me to it! I was gonna say "he cracked the Santana code!" 😂

    • @HowarthsNJ
      @HowarthsNJ Před 5 lety +1

      Thinking more of Dick Dale...

  • @mactheknife9611
    @mactheknife9611 Před 5 lety +2

    You’re a phenomenal teacher in my opinion. The way you breakdown it all down and explain is fantastic! I feel like this has helped a ton and will revolutionize my playing. Thank you!

  • @OliKember
    @OliKember Před 5 lety

    My new fave music theory channel. Your tone of voice, the diagrams, examples with and without the harmonic shift...This is the best music education I have seen in a long while! Thanks so much!

  • @MegaUWAGAN
    @MegaUWAGAN Před 4 lety

    I've been watching several videos of yours these past few days, and it seems that you are really good at what you are doing.

  • @RatInYourSewer
    @RatInYourSewer Před 5 lety +3

    Good video as always, been here since the start... will be till the end.

  • @hernandezreyescarlosdaniel8824

    Best teacher ever

  • @lightningantmusicschool

    This is such an amazing video on harmonic minor. I love watching your videos! Thank you so much and keep ‘em coming! You’re amazing!

  • @A.LEXsdesk
    @A.LEXsdesk Před 3 lety

    Really appreciate the way you explain each scale and relate it back to the more familiar maj/min. Great videos!

  • @Quan-jy8ue
    @Quan-jy8ue Před 2 lety +1

    BEST QUALITY THEORY LESSONS ON CZcams. PERIOD

  • @trDewy
    @trDewy Před 5 lety +1

    Your videos are the best, Jake. I've never taken any actual theory classes before but you make everything so easy to understand. I already feel significantly more confidence in my songwriting cause of your videos. My favorite theory/guitar teacher on YT, keep up the great work!

  • @hawkwind8468
    @hawkwind8468 Před 4 lety +1

    I'm super impressed with your knowledge and use of theory which really is a road map I'm always learning more of!!

  • @kasares17
    @kasares17 Před 5 lety

    Great great video, really opened up how I look at building progressions now. Thank you! This channel is always top quality! Keep it up!

  • @davide_p
    @davide_p Před 5 lety

    I’ve just found the best channel on youtube. Seriously, you get me hypnotized, even if some of the things are way beyond my knowledge and I can’t understand everything you explain, it’s so damn interesting! Thank you!!!

  • @carltaylor4942
    @carltaylor4942 Před rokem

    Thanks you so much Jake. This is pure gold. You are really helping me break out of boring chord progressions and introducing me to a whole new world of music. Every video is an eye-opener and gives me a whole feast of food for thought.

  • @eduardotepoxteca9171
    @eduardotepoxteca9171 Před 5 lety

    It's amazing how much I have advanced with theory thanks to you, it's not just technical part but the approach to how to use it and not feeling like following a formula.

  • @brianwarner308
    @brianwarner308 Před 5 lety

    these are great lessons man, you are truly doing the music world a great service... thanks again!!

  • @douglashalliday8235
    @douglashalliday8235 Před 5 lety

    Thanks. Your knowledge of theory is amazing. Thank you for sharing it. I have learned a LOT from your various videos.

  • @davidbrowning6762
    @davidbrowning6762 Před 4 lety

    I just discovered your channel, I love it. I found it today and I have watched 12 videos and learned so many tricks. I’ve been playing and writing for more than 20 years and there have been many many times I have lacked inspiration and I’ve recently been in one of those ruts. Thank you for inspiring me to play again.

  • @MrGman127
    @MrGman127 Před 5 lety

    Jake, you have the most educational guitar tutorials on the internet. You are a true master of your craft. Thanks for all that you do to help us learn the ins and out of music.

  • @Nowo78
    @Nowo78 Před 5 lety +1

    Great stuff, as always! Keep up your awesome work!

  • @realraven2000
    @realraven2000 Před 5 lety +1

    Love those minor cadences involving 6 and 4 chords. Remind me so much of the Cardigans masterpiece album "long gone before daylight". That had Progressions to die for!

  • @Jamfjr
    @Jamfjr Před 5 lety +2

    Thank you, I've been looking forward to this video.

  • @B_Migs
    @B_Migs Před 5 lety +1

    Dude, you have no idea how much I've been waiting for you to drop this video. I almost wondered if I was creating too much hype in my mind over how good it was going to be. Well sir, you have delivered and I am wildly grateful to say it's so much better than I even imagined!
    A+

  • @tonybalsam
    @tonybalsam Před 5 lety

    You're the best Guitar teacher I've ever seen! thanks for your lesson 🙏🙏

  • @discomfort5760
    @discomfort5760 Před 5 lety +1

    Learning from you is like learning to write in a language I can only verbally speak. Helps with enforcing structure to what's otherwise a mess of ideas, especially with this song I've been improv-written for a decade now. It's taking shape, finally. Thank you.

  • @2Langdon
    @2Langdon Před 5 lety

    Great stuff, thank you so much. Clear and practical explanations and demonstrations. Getting a lot from your teaching so I've signed up on your Patreon page.

  • @MarkDHastingsMusic
    @MarkDHastingsMusic Před 4 lety +1

    I've been trying to get my head around modes for some time. So many videos give the "what", but your goes into the "why", by covering the "how to use". Thanks! this has been really helpful.

  • @TheQuietRiot
    @TheQuietRiot Před 4 lety

    In my books, you're by far the best guitar teacher - on CZcams and beyond. I especially love how you always tie in theory with applications that can be used right away to sound fantastic. Thanks a ton!

  • @Thomohawk21
    @Thomohawk21 Před 2 lety

    Yours is the channel I have been looking for! So much gold around modes and scales and composing with them!
    You’ve explained things in a way no one has and you have rekindled the fire under the cold, dormant cauldron that is my 20+ years of musical knowledge! 😅

  • @joanasantos2672
    @joanasantos2672 Před 5 lety

    bro, this tutorial is a pure bliss, was exactely diggin this and i found you...Bless ya ;-)

  • @Soulspeaktripledeek
    @Soulspeaktripledeek Před 5 lety

    You are a very gifted teacher. I've learned a lot about composition in just two videos that you've made.

  • @SiegDTLu
    @SiegDTLu Před 2 lety +1

    I used to learn the music theory from some teachers the hard way, meaning I don't really know what those means and how to adopt them, but Jake's videos make me so clear for those theories. Thank you Jake!

  • @maywasp8519
    @maywasp8519 Před 5 lety

    I'd honestly say this is the best applied theory channel on CZcams. There's so many layers to the information.

  • @6maxgrinder549
    @6maxgrinder549 Před 3 lety

    Bro, these vids on the scales/theory/song writing are the best applicable guitar lessons on youtube.

  • @AaronLS.
    @AaronLS. Před 4 lety

    I watched about 5 other videos on harmonic before this one. In this video he covered everything they did and more, while making it all immediately useful. Also, he did it in half the time. This is my new go to for music theory learning.

  • @annandywoodhouse3040
    @annandywoodhouse3040 Před 3 lety

    Just like to say I’ve been following you just for a short while. You rock in so many ways. Love your focus of music combining song writing with theory and everywhere it takes us all. I’m retiring at 54 so focused on a life now of music rather than corporate crap. This helps in my journey so thank you.

  • @diaphanoux
    @diaphanoux Před 5 lety

    You sir have one of the greatest skill/gift of all. Teaching. The way you describe and explain every detail, very engaging, dynamic and simple. Kudos!

  • @nerahm249
    @nerahm249 Před 2 lety

    Just got my harmonic minor mode chart and needed a quick recap. Thanks for all your hard work helping us rock.

  • @renleblanc2993
    @renleblanc2993 Před 5 lety

    Great video - you are very concise and to the point, which is rare for theory tutorials - well done!

  • @philclaou3486
    @philclaou3486 Před rokem

    In all your videos your solos are incredibly melodic. They are so beautiful!! You are really gifted. I would love to listen to your compositions. You are also a very talented teacher. Thanks for all

  • @erniejohnson8200
    @erniejohnson8200 Před 5 lety

    Each time I watch this it solidifies my understanding. Thanx!

  • @Rocklicks72
    @Rocklicks72 Před 5 lety

    Loving your explanations for theory and the practical application. 😊

  • @brentcoley9742
    @brentcoley9742 Před 4 lety

    You never see channels consistently pumping out videos with this kind of amazing like/dislike ratio. Keep it up! This is an amazing channel!

  • @michaelteems5813
    @michaelteems5813 Před rokem

    Always learn something from Jake!! A great teacher and a better explainer!!!

  • @WasabiNoise
    @WasabiNoise Před 5 lety

    You make all your videos very easy to follow and understand. Thanks, man!

  • @williamroberts4508
    @williamroberts4508 Před 2 lety

    Bro your videos have so much content, wealth of applicable knowledge.

  • @Rorre65
    @Rorre65 Před 2 lety

    Dude, this is so epic! Appreciate this channel

  • @mrgamers74
    @mrgamers74 Před 4 lety

    Honestly you're really really good at teaching music. I always suffered trying to understand how modes were working and how I could associate things together. I started watching all your videos about music theory and, even if I still have a lot of work, I start to understand better everything. And music theory becomes something more and more pleasant everyday, thank you for your work !

  • @bykers81
    @bykers81 Před 5 lety

    ...and just when I think I’m getting the hang of music theory, your amazing videos keep me thinking! Awesome work, very well explained thank you.

  • @DANTHETUBEMAN
    @DANTHETUBEMAN Před 5 lety

    you have a great balance of theory and creativity, and you are making the theory understandable. i have seen a lot of books that make little seance.

  • @stevenbradshaw519
    @stevenbradshaw519 Před 5 lety +2

    After 30 years of playing and learning. I can honestly say your approach to teaching is perfect for me. We all need someone to help the pennies drop, and your videos do just that. Cheers bud, keep up your impressive work. Massively appreciated 😊

  • @geosguitar3745
    @geosguitar3745 Před 2 lety

    Thanks for your videos Jake! They are super helpful and well explained!

  • @SamRommer
    @SamRommer Před 5 lety

    Great simple description of how to use this scale and it’s chords, thank you!

  • @johnvansmirren8626
    @johnvansmirren8626 Před 5 lety

    You have an awesome skill in presenting and teaching ! You can use that skill in lots of other area's in your life too. Looks like a gift and comes very natural. And then of course the guitar lesson which is REALLY good. Thank you for doing this and let others and me enjoy your video's. Been playing 35 years !! and you are the best explainer !!!

  • @dabedaberson360
    @dabedaberson360 Před 5 lety

    Dig that lesson. Like the way you explain, give examples, tips for practical application and show all the theory written out on the side. Very well made educational video and all with a relaxed vibe. Thanks!

  • @louiseobrien2010
    @louiseobrien2010 Před 5 lety

    Best song writing videos ever. Congratulation Signals Music Studio on doing such great work

  • @nunyabusiness7927
    @nunyabusiness7927 Před rokem

    Excellent! I get a lot of guitar videos fed to me by CZcams because of all the other videos I watch, and this is one of the better tutorial videos I've seen. Good job.

  • @keegan6298
    @keegan6298 Před 3 lety +1

    Absolutely love that prelude that hit me hard..wow
    To get melody like that, that expresses so much in such a short space of time has always got me, it cuts deep man. I hear Bach in it
    I could loop that for an hour and not get bored

  • @faet37
    @faet37 Před 4 lety +1

    Jake lizzio, you and 8 bit music theory, are the chariots of musical learning on CZcams. Love your content my dude! If I could afford to be your patreon subscriber, I would. You deserve it, and thank you so much, for what your doing. I've always thought about music in my own terms, but the way you communicate, and cover ideas definitely speaks to me. Thank you. Cheers to you Jake!

  • @rudranaksh9540
    @rudranaksh9540 Před 4 lety +1

    I was searching this lesson my whole life thanks brother

  • @josephyagappan1896
    @josephyagappan1896 Před 2 lety

    I love your teaching..By listening your videos,my song writing has improved a lot..
    Thank you! God bless you!!
    Keep it up!!

  • @orshy1
    @orshy1 Před 5 lety +1

    Great stuff! Sounds like you've been improving on your tone compared to some of your older videos. I'm digging all the demonstration jams in this one. Looking forward to the composition video!

  • @HiEnergyMusic
    @HiEnergyMusic Před 5 lety

    Some great sounding examples with easy to grasp explanation here. Awesome! *Thumbs up*

  • @rebeccastorey1897
    @rebeccastorey1897 Před rokem

    This video was so helpful for a beginner in music theory for songwriting. Excellent content!

  • @parttroll1
    @parttroll1 Před 4 lety

    I really like your content and delivery. You got yourself a subscriber

  • @aptelbruno8316
    @aptelbruno8316 Před 4 lety

    Beau travail !!! Belles phrases !!! So useful !!! Thank you Jake.

  • @naturligfunktion4232
    @naturligfunktion4232 Před 2 lety +1

    Great introduction to Harmonic minor! This makes me really exited to compose. I really dig the idea of keeping the chord progression ”hidden”, as in you dont know whether it is natural or harmonic minor. Offers alot of freedom in terms of improvising

  • @fatihbellisoy1083
    @fatihbellisoy1083 Před 3 lety

    Even tho I dont know how to play guitar I watch your videos and enjoy! Great job man keep doing it. It's very helpful and teaching a lot.

  • @music4all252
    @music4all252 Před 5 lety

    That sir, was Excellent! From the explanation to the execution. Excellent!!

  • @michaeldorrenbacher8977

    These videos help me a lot to brake out of just doing pentatonic stuff. Thanks a lot!!!!

  • @cleanmike7312
    @cleanmike7312 Před 3 lety

    Love you videos man MERRY CHRISTMAS 🎄

  • @fomofreddy7306
    @fomofreddy7306 Před 4 lety

    Great lesson, always learning new things from your videos. Thank you!

  • @jongui3377
    @jongui3377 Před 3 lety

    congrats! your classes are excelent!

  • @svarthelikoptern
    @svarthelikoptern Před 3 lety

    Excellent! You explain things so well. if you as me, I think you are a very talented player and teacher and that is very rare.

  • @User-qr2gk
    @User-qr2gk Před 4 lety

    Thank you very much for the good lessons you give! helped me a lot getting my hands on composing with guitar again didnt do that for a long time cause i never really understood the scales and chords on guitar :D on the keyboard it just seems so much easier! thanks!

  • @ThoughtGum
    @ThoughtGum Před 4 lety

    You sir are a brilliant teacher! I love your videos!

  • @Super0062
    @Super0062 Před 4 lety

    Truly the best teacher I've ever experienced!

  • @mastertimb
    @mastertimb Před 4 lety

    Thanks for the amazing lessons Jake!