Why is this KILONOVA SPHERICAL (and not donut shaped)?!
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- čas přidán 3. 05. 2024
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Today we’re chatting about a kilonova (aka a neutron star merger), that’s SPHERICAL. Our simulations & models show us that kilonovae should throw out material in a donut/disk shape. So this doesn’t make any sense to us. Let’s chat about how we know this and what could explain it…
Sneppen et al. (2023; a round kilonova remnant) - arxiv.org/pdf/2302.06621.pdf
Tanvir et al. (2013; suspected kilonova with GRB) - arxiv.org/pdf/1306.4971.pdf
LIGO collaboration (2017; expansion rate measurement with GW170817) - arxiv.org/pdf/1710.05835.pdf
JWST proposal 1936 - www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
JWST proposal 1984 - www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
JWST proposal 2091 - www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
Troja et al. (2022; the last kilonova detected) - arxiv.org/pdf/2209.03363.pdf
My previous videos on the “Crisis in Cosmology”
• The current crisis in ...
• How we plan to solve t...
• Hubble is fixed! And i...
• Is the strength of gra...
JWST has made the crisis in cosmology worse? - • JWST just made the "Cr...
00:00 - Introduction
00:25 - Neutron Stars 101
01:06 - What is a kilonova?
02:08 - The first kilonova: GW170817/AT2017gfo
04:01 - Our models predict kilonova are donut shaped - why?
05:49 - The spectrum published this month - what’s a spectrum?
07:18 - Fitting models of the kilonova shape - it’s SPHERICAL?
09:48 - Ideas for why it’s spherical and not donut shaped
11:19 - What’s next?
11:53 - AD: Brilliant
12:59 - Bloopers
Video filmed on a Sony ⍺7 IV
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk - Věda a technologie
Ever since I first learned their stellar origins, I've gotten a sense of deep appreciation for heavy metals and precious metals. To hold a small ingot of gold in my hand, and know its origins, makes me feel deeply connected to the universe. Knowing the origins of it does not lessen the wonder or the joy of holding it, it deepens it. The gold says, by its presence, "I was forged in the collision of neutron stars." What a wonderful thing to know!
Beautifully put
I appreciate oxygen and H2O
Yes, gold is very nice and makes us be connected to the universe, but to get it out of the earth, humans are destroying all the tropical forests of the planet, forests that are basic in this strange movie called "history of mankind".
That isn't always the case though. Majority of Earth's metals are formed in our planet's core.
@@tsuki_ Yeah, no. Just no
Yay! So cool to see you presenting our research in so much detail. Especially because I have been following this channel for years and I am enjoying your book right now 🧡
Small note though, the data was taken and published by Pian et al (2017) and Smartt et al (2017). We just added this sphericity analysis on top of the published data.
Why would there only be Strontium absorption apparent in the light? Why don't the other elements cause similar absorption smears?
@@renedekker9806 This is a great question. Indeed, I am currently working on showing another element also forms a similar smeared absorbtion at another wavelength.
But the reason Strontium is so predominant is really a combination of a few different things: 1) A lot of elements around Sr are produced in such processes (near the first r-process peak element), 2) Strontium has indcredible high oscillator strengths from atomic models (that means it has some really strong lines), 3) It at the right place in the periodic table to be really usefull at the typical ionization states for the temperatures in this explosion. But we are in the process of finding and showing more of these heavy-elements right now :)
Hi, @albertsneppen7569! It's amazing to know you follow Dr. Becky.
I'm an astronomy enthusiast and I'm always delighted when I see so much knowledge you guys extract from so little data.
The scientist's deduction and logical habilities are fascinating, you can see so much wonder where no one pays attention.
Keep being awesome!
Thanks@@cassiosiquara
That is mighty kind of you to say.
Best wishes, Albert
Awesome to see you here in the comments since I just listened to you on the Genstart podcast the other day and came here wondering if Dr. Becky would mentioned your research on her channel 🙌
I love watching Dr. Becky. Her enthusiasm is contagious and her information informative. Thank you!
How can they admit that gravity ITSELF isn't PHYSICAL having zero SUBSTANCE of ITSELF!!? czcams.com/users/shortsGo4aRe6VVC4?feature=share
The tiny bits I can get my little brain around are genuinely thrilling and fun, thanks for sharing, always much appreciated.
Same here, I love having my brain cleansed by ideas just outside of what I can define
@@manu-tonyo9654
A really nice way of putting it cheers
A ball wrecking question to globe slaves:
According to you, earth is a giant treadmill, right? Because "it's spinning" you say. So any vehicle traveling at 100 kmph in the east direction for covering 100 km distance should take a longer time than covering the same distance in the westward direction at the same speed.
Because earth spins from west to east, so while traveling west, the destination comes to you at 1600 kmph speed. So you should reach the 100 km westward destination much quicker.
But in reality it takes exactly 1 hour to reach 100 km destination at 100kmph speed in both directions. This clearly scientifically proves that the earth is NOT spinning.
CHECKMATE. Accept the flat reality, you won't regret.
@@Almighty_Flat_Earth Your claim does NOT comport with reality and is therefore rejected. Accept the globe reality. You won't regret doing so.
The second version of Kirchhoff was right! You did pretty well, actually! The German „ch“ is difficult to say for foreigners, especially because there are multiple variations as it depends on the letter before the „ch“.
On topic: always love news about neutron stars!! And I believe everyone knows that feeling when your results show the opposite of what you thought it would be, even in psychology.
Thanks Julia! 🥳 yeah I’m sure it‘a a common feeling across all the sciences. I love it!
@@DrBecky And it is Kirch-Hoff. One -h- for the -ch-, and the other -h- for the -hoff. (Literal translation of the name would be Churchyard).
Maybe search for "Kirchhoff Aussprache" (it could also be the electrical Kirchhoff rule, the same Kirchhoff name) and be careful to find the one with double ff.
The Ending is like "The Hoff", you know, Hasselhoff, take the "hoff" from it, that's the exact pronunciation of the ending, a bit of a rough short ending, not the version with the long "o" like "Hof" - and the beginning is from what I have written at the beginning of this comment here.
It was perfect in the video, the version without any s in it, without any sh. In the bloopers were more wrong versions of Kirchhoff with more of an s in it ;-)
Meaning there is no merge, neither there is no black holes (because rounding mistake in Schwarzschild radius published by Dr. Vivian Robinson).
@@SiqueScarface Technically this is correct, but even we germans often slur it, because the proper pronunciation would require that you stop in mid word, take a breather, and start again, which is really difficult.
We both finished highschool and college around the same time. You have an amazing career and I'm classed as disabled because of mental health problems. Watching your channel is a little bit of of therapy for me because I would have loved to be in your career path but alas the stars didn't align for me but i absolutely love your videos. You're an amazing teacher.
💚
Good luck on your path.
You and Anton are my favorite ScienceTubers! Thank you for making such great content!
Two of the best!
What is the Force
Here, here. I second that! 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼
Anton 🔥
It's an unbelievably hard day for Anton.
Cheer's to him for having raised over $240,000 for the kids of Ukraine 🥳
*🙏
This has been my favorite story in Astronomy in QUITE a while! I absolutely love the idea of finding out we've been wrong in our models of the effects of neutron star collisions this entire time. The fact that _that animation we've all seen a thousand times_ (you know *exactly* the neutron star merger animation I'm talking about lol), the one in particular showing what we believed the kilonova explosion to have possibly "looked like" (would've been across the entire EM spectrum, not purely, probably not even _mostly_ in our human visible light band), was quite likely wrong, is simply beautiful.
It's amazing when we're collectively reminded that we have...just an _inordinate amount_ of information left to learn about the universe that we're quite literally a part of. A sentient, conscious part of.
I love it! Humility and modesty will take us a hell of a long way.
the fact that when something extraordinary is happing telescopes just drop whatever they are working on and focus on 1 thing is amazing (probably not for scientists working on their work at that time)
Surely the telescopes get back to what they were doing before as soon as they're done, a few more days to get your data shouldn't end a PhD
For being an astrophysicist, you need a different view on these things. If someone calls in and says, 'we have signs of a Kilonova there and there', you have to be ready to drop your work, save whatever you were at, and turn your attention to this event which is so unique that you cannot hope for a similar one for quite a time. This is the nature of this research. Stars aren't relics buried in the ground and patiently waiting for their excavation; they do whatever they do right now, even their last explosion.
LOL! I had a little scene play out in my mind when she said that. I imagined scientists all over the world sitting down with some food. They hear the news of this strange thing happening in space, and one telescope has eyes on it right now. They all simultaneously throw their food against the wall and run out of their house to get to their equipment.
The Brilliant sponsor is perfect ... cause it, you, and your ability to explain big stuff ARE. Thank you.
🇩🇪 here and I must say, your pronunciation of “Kirchhoff” was spot on in the final cut! 👏🏻
Thanks! 😃
@@DrBecky the double tap of the mouse in this video made me bounce back to elon Musk videos on A.i.
There aren't many people I can listen to all day speak about such topics.. thankfully you fall in that list. 🙂
Yet another instance of our predictions being incorrect... so many questions, so little time..
Also, I think it's called the Teens? No "insy" added. 😉
I'm always excited to see our models being off. It just shows how much we still have to learn and how much awesome discoverys are still going to be made. Science without constantly being proven wrong would be boring :)
Dr. Becky, I'm no astrophysicist, but I think neutron stars pretty dang fascinating! 🙂
Hi il live in sahara i love the astronomy now i study this field an there is nothing better to boost my spirituality than this. Thx u for what u re produicing keep givin mam and By the way had u writing any book i will more than happy to add it to my onw library
You live in a great place for doing home observations. She has written several books.
Ooh looky, a new video from Dr Becky. I'm watching it on my sofa after just getting home from a hard week at work, got my coffee and a slice of cake. Chillout time. Presses play...
This is the second time I have heard about this Kilanova with out what seems to be the two most obvious possible explanations being considered: 1. that this wasn't a spin-down interaction and was the rare instance where two objects collided head-on without spinning into each other; 2. That we are relatively face on with the interaction and thusly the donut looks like a ring
If they weren't orbiting each other they would have seen that straight away in the gravitational wave data.
@@dtnicholls1 they may have ... this disparity between the time the gravitational vs the Gama ray burst arrived 1.7 sec has not yet been explained... either the speed of light is different between gravitational waves and light waves ooooor .... the propagation of the gravitational event collision between two masses happened before the event creating gamma rays (nuclear fission events)
The gravitational waves that the kilanova was observed with would easily rule out the ludicrously unlikely direct collision. I'm not sure if they could even detect a direct collision. As for the orientation of the donut, if it's axis was pointed in our direction, that would maximize the difference between the transverse velocity (of the stuff moving perpendicular to us) & the velocity along line of sight. It would have one of the sharpest effects to notice with this technique.
Now, if the axis is oriented about 45degrees off from us, I'm not sure how well this technique works.
@@paulfey6760 based on the data released I am not afraid the gravitational waves do indicate a spinning gravitational interaction
@@gweebara Now, I'm not an astrophysicist, but from what I understand...
The speed is the same. Or at least so close for the difference to be negligible.
Gravitational waves arrive first because they're emitted as the two stars orbit each other, before they ever touch. Once they touch, the gravitational wave stops quite suddenly, hence the sound you get from it. As they get closer and closer they orbit each other faster and faster, which you hear as the pitch of the signal increasing all the way up to the point they touch and then it just stops abruptly.
The delay in getting light could be for a few reasons, depending on what's actually producing it. If it's the stars themselves as they touch, that light has quite the environment to traverse as that happens. That can slow it down.
Or it could be all the material that's thrown out as they collide, in which case you're waiting for that to actually happen before it gives off light.
Or it's like the sun. Light generated in the middle just takes time to get to the outside to be emitted.
Or some combination of those.
Either way, the light is produced by a different thing to what the gravitational wave is. What produces the light doesn't start till the gravitational wave stops. The light also isn't departing through a vacuum, so it will be slowed down at the start of its journey, or is coming from ejecta that then glows, which takes time to happen.
Always love the outtakes. They're like the cartoon at the end of a movie. Helps get over the trauma that stars must die to give life to another video.
"No stellar masses were harmed in the production of this video."
0:48 I recently learned there's some theoretical work that suggests the outer layers of the neutron star are a kind of 'nuclear pasta' rather than the whole object being a perfect neutron crystal.
Very interesting and well explained. It's nice to think that a neutron star collision produced the gold in my wedding band.
Awesome! Thanks for all you do! Keep on keepin' on!
Life's too long, and people like you making us learn new scientific terms each and every year make it even longer. Thank you and thumbs up.
If you eat galaxies and don't increase in volume that should make it even longer! :D
I love that you share that you are always learning!
Ive just added your audiobook. Looking forward to listening to it tomorrow. Its all so mind blowing that all that is out there
You get me every time! You excitement just totally get me in and I am glue to the screen. Cosmology is just amazing.
Thanks! You were superlative again.
Dr. Beacky . Love your channel one of the most informative on CZcams. Keep up the great work.
It amazes me how far we've come in learning these things work. I've seen information on kilanovas before. I've never seen it so well covered.
Yay, another Dr Becky video! And hey, when we see something that doesn't agree with what we thought we knew, it means we can learn something new. Always a good thing, IMO! Leaving a well-deserved like and comment for that ever-voracious Almighty Algorithm.
❤❤
Yepp, getting the exact opposite of the expected result is the best and maybe also scariest result. You spend a lot of time wondering what you did wrong. Been there, done that...
I absolutely LOVE your explainer videos! Thanks for taking the time to create them and teach us laypeople something interesting.
That was an incredibly well-explained analysis. You have a special talent for distilling complex ideas into comprehensible concepts. Thanks for all you do!
Is it possible it IS a disc, it's just facing us in such a way that the LoS and transverse velocities are equal. Similar to when you looks at a disc and a sphere straight on they both look like a perfect circle?
We must remember to appreciate gravity also, even if it cause a lot of drama at the same time
It doesn't 'need' our appreciation, It will always do its thing . Gravity is trustworthy,
@@manu-tonyo9654 nah it’s well sketchy, always trying to pull everyone down
Gravity is just an illusion, but of course we can appreciate an illusion too.
This was very easy to understand, thank you so much for taking the effort to explain these kinds of things for the layperson in an engaging way
I Luv that you add the bloopers, Dr. Becky!
They are Classic.
Dr. Becky, I was wondering if the spin of the neutron stars would have anything to do with the shape of the debris cloud? If the two neutron stars are spinning in the same direction, (re: clockwise) would that be enough to cause the spherical shape of the cloud? What would happen if the two stars are spinning around each other in a counter rotation in relation to their spin?
I had this thought too. Could their rotational axes be offset as well? Or is the gravitation so strong that the neutron stars end up tidally locked before the merger so their previous individual rotation is no longer relevant? Questions, questions!
Yes, this is a very good topic.
@@RenshawYT What if they were not only offset but also spinning at different rates?
@@cuzinevil1 many interesting possibilities, but spinning in opposite directions is also one that hasn't been mentioned. However, @Renshaw's mentioning of tidal locking got me wondering how (un)likely it is to happen before the stars' individual spins dominate over it anyway. Would they have time to orbit another long enough and close enough to become tidally locked? If so, in none, some or all cases?
@@benhetland576 I thought about that for a bit but two mass's several times the mass of the sun spinning at several times per second is not likely to tidal lock I would think.
Hope we can get a new kilonova with both JWT and the Gravitational Wave Observatories.
Fascinating stuff indeed! Thanks, dr. Becky! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Such a great explanation for those of us who are keenly interested in this subject but not especially knowledgeable about the details. Thanks! You have a great talent for explaining such things without dumbing it down too much.
I like how you call it a round-a-bout, Americans call it a merry-go-round. In America a round-a-bout is an annoying intersection in the shape of a donut with 1-way traffic around the donut. In Britain I think they call them ring-junctions. Just something I noticed in your video Dr. Becky. lol 😄
Nope, they're roundabouts here too, except when we call them islands.
Oh, that makes more sense. I imagined she was referring to the same "roundabout" as in American English, which almost makes sense in context.
No mate they are roundabouts in the UK.ALWAYS HAVE BEEN.
@@jasperpike242 good to know thanks man!
I am sure they looked into this already, but could the same velocity of the matter along the line of sight as well as the traverse not also be explained by looking at a 'doughnut' edge-on?
I thought the same
Not a physicist, but I wouldn't think we'd see _any_ frequency shift in such as case, since _everything_ would be moving perpendicular to us. Nothing would be moving towards or away from us to produce the observed blue- and red-shift.
@@xtifr Thanks, but I think if the donut shape was seen edge on, one end of the donut would be rotating away from us, the other towards us
It's me!! Almost didn't recognize it because it's from such an old video. (Just so everyone knows, that merry-go-round made me _really_ dizzy. I had to wait about 20 minutes or so before I could drive home.)
4:37
Yaay new becky video! Much love❤
Huge Muse fan myself. Seeing them in Glasgow this year!! 🥳 But Neutron Star Collision is easily one of their weaker songs sadly 😂
I miss all of their older songs which referred to space and whatnot. With all of the fun space stuff going on right now I'm amazed they haven't done more space songs.
Now I really want to go and listen to Supermassive Black Hole!
Also all the mentions of doughnuts made me think of Daniel Craig...
I assume the transverse accounts for perpendicular in both the y and x axes? If not is there a tiny chance that the two dimensions measured are the same because we were astronomically unlucky and were looking at the disc head on so that it appears as a 2d circle?
I believe they got the inclination angle from [arXiv:2210.06568] as between 19 and 24 degrees. Regarding the projection "v||" is the velocity along the line of sight, this is the expansion towards and away from us. "v⊥" is the velocity perpendicular to the line of sight, which describes the expansion in the "head on" projection you described.... I think.
I was thinking the same thing, i have very little education in this field but it seems likely (in my mind atleast) that its a question of the angle of observation. Since ever other instance of violent explosions in space throws material perpendicular to the orbit of the object. (It might be bollocks so dont quote me, i just love to theorize about space)
I wish I had you as a professor in university! I've learned more from your videos than I did in 4 years of college!! 😄😢
thanks for the information dr becky
Do changes in the rate of expansion of the universe over time affect how redshift should be interpreted?
the red shift is just the total expansion from emission until detection.
What's your thoughts on the 6 galaxies just found by James Webb at 13.5 billion years old but they seem to be very large and old like the milky way.are you going to make a video on this.cheers..🌙🌙🌌✨🎆🎇✌
Or they're young and large like MOND apparently predicts.
She already covered this in a previous video, think it was her previous Night Sky News video that she does monthly. Basically it's a bit unexpected, but nothing that really turns everything on its head. It will help us tweak our simulations better if we know there was more mass in the earlier universe than we previously estimated.
@@mrgalaxy396 thanx..I'll see if I can find it..🎇✌
@@tristanmills4948 the universe is 20 billion years old.much older then what we thought..
@@galaxyexplorer6189 they're young galaxies because they're so far away. I just don't understand why MOND gets a bad rap, when there's been no dark matter candidates.
But I am not a physicist, it is just that I've not seen an explanation why dark matter is the solution rather than Newtonian dynamics working differently at galactic scale - both seem reasonable solutions which need pursuing rigourously (I guess the difference is that particle physicists want to chase dark matter too...)
Smart talk make my brain mushy but how dr becky explains it always makes it simpler
Thanks a lot for this video! ❤️
The limit for the size of a neutron star is 2.16 Solar Masses. Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit (or TOV limit)
A spinning neutron star?
Yes, in 1939. We have more precise models (Kalogera 1996) that suggest the limit is in the range of 2.6+-0.3 solar masses.
@@RedlifeWoW I don't think that the spin of the object impacts the size limit, but I could be wrong.
Another great video from Dr Becky, thank you!!
Thanks! For all your hard work love all your books.
Loved the “musing about muse” right at the end of the bloopers there!
Love it! Interesting video. Amazing data analysis.
I really enjoy your videos. Thanks.
I remember the first time I heard Lawrence Krauss explain the way heavy elements are made in stars. And the idea that you could literally have carbon in your left hand that came from a star hundreds of light years away from the carbon in your right hand while wearing a gold ring on one of those hands made up of Flex of gold that came from hundreds of stars all over the universe. It’s fucking gorgeous.
Very interesting to observe and document the configurations of matter in space and time.
I learned so much! Thank you.
Love your insight
Interesting. I particularly liked the zooming into the Strontium absorption in the black body radiation data between 7000 and 9500 Angstroms. It would be interesting to delve into why the authors dismissed B fields as possible causes of the spherical symmetry. I'm thinking of solar physics in which the energy contained in twisted magnetic fields resembling ropes is considerable and associated energy releases would have spherical symmetry. Maybe.
You should sing more! That little bit at the end wasn't bad at all! Thanks for keeping us informed, I love learning about this stuff.
you are a breath if fresh air. love your stuff.
im so happy you knew about the song neutron star collision.
I'm not sure about Muse but Peter Hammill has a song called Red Shift.
I bought my first telescope back in 1986 and the amount of new information about astronomy since then has been, well, astronomical. I still have some of my astronomy books from then and they now read like archaic manuscripts.
As a pizza cook, I do love her spinning dough metaphor, it's a perfectly apt description of angular momentum
Really eloquently spoken, great video!
Good video! On a side note, after watching the video, I tried something different when I watched the bloopers. I changed the playback speed to .5 and, well, just try it.
JWST will gives us more information about the structure of the kilonova, hope it's will be observed soon.
She gets so excited that I get excited. 👍🤘🏼. 10-1, her lectures are awesome.
Amazing......and the information is exciting too.
Many thanks Becky 👍🙏
Finally a new thing about Nuetron Stars!! Wooo
Same force, facinating. Maybe it will later flatten out! I have a really good idea from this docuvideo though!
I shared the kilonova news pieces from what I could find to ALL my friends. This was REALLY cool.
You know the media are going to have a field day with "killer nova"
U nailed it at 14:02 - 14:03!
Kirchhoff
Fascinating, thank you! Again though, occasionally the editing moves things on a little too quickly. The graphic around 3:34 builds gradually, but there's barely enough time to read the following slide, especially if you need time to consider what "λ-CDM" is. Then, while watching the next graphic build at 3:45, something slides in at the bottom; there's barely enough time to see that it's there before it's taken away again. Something about statistics? Obviously you can go back and pause it - but you shouldn't have to!
"... *noughties* and the tens..."
You have no idea how happy hearing someone else finally refer to the decade after the nineties the same way I refer to it as makes me.
Thumbs up to another great video!
Thankyou for the explanation of the Kilonova data.
I wonder if the spherical shape is being caused by trapped gasses burning to create a vacuum that is being acted upon by the immense gravity surrounding it.
Great video today, properly enjoyed it.
The only astronomical impact song I know is "Jupiter Crash" by The Cure, about the singer finally getting with the girl and disappointing the heck out of her:
I turn as I try to explain irresistible forces in the orbital plane, "or maybe it's more like a moth to a flame."
She brushes my face with her smile: "Forget about stars for a while."
Meanwhile, millions of miles away in space, the incoming comet brushes Jupiter's face and disappears away with barely a trace.
"Was that it? Was that the Jupiter show? It kind of wasn't quite what I'd hoped for, you know."
Pulling away, she stands up slow. Around her, the night returns. Around her, the night returns.
Yeah, yeah, that was it. That was the Jupiter crash, drawn too close and gone in a flash, just a few bruises in the region of the splash.
She left me with the sound of the sea. She just drifted away from me. Yeah, so much for gravity.
Great post tangentially related to the 50th anniversary of Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon featuring a prism and light beam on the album cover.
I kept wondering why an observation of top down/bottom up wasn't also considered as a possible explanation for the data.
@Dr. Becky, I’m not an astrophysicist in any shape or form but nonetheless I have two less than hypotheses about the spherical “intermediate result “ of the kilonova event:
1. The “doubling” of mass should theoretically increase the gravitational pull so it doesn’t allow becoming a donut.
2. Maybe the spin of the two neutron stars was perpendicular to each other while spinning around each other at an different angle. And the result of this multiangle joint resulted in a quasi spherical blob.
Okay I have a third one:
3. The combination of the two mentioned above.
Have a nice day… weekend, week, month, year……
I know Brady doesn't need the promotion but the Sixty Symbols The Age of the Universe video might be the most entertaining crisis in cosmology video you've been involved with.
The big bang happened on Tuesday.
This sounds a lot like meteor impact craters. You naturally imagine oval shapes depending the angle of approach. As I understand it though, the impact is explosive, to it radiates out spherically from the point of impact.
When I try to imagine two colliding neutron stars, when they explode may not really be due to the spin but due to fusion accelerating particals equally in every direction much faster than the spin. I imagine it's like holding an apple in your hand, spin your arm around and let it go. It will just leave your hand at that angle, not keep spinning. If the matter is pushed out there's no matter to keep spinning/orbiting. Maybe if the matter collapses back onto itself it will form a disc.
outstanding!
It's great that you folks have understood this or that since the 1850s... it's just sad that you don't really grasp the quanta...
Much is being made of the calibration issues with the distance ladder of observations made in crowded space as one of the root causes for the different results.
George Efstathiou (Cambridge Uni) and others have a good summary of the issue, the implications and what is being done to "confirm" whether or not the 10% issue is real of "just" a result of how crowded space adjustments may have "caused" a systematic calibration error.
I would be interested on your take.
Clearly for a spherical result the outward pressure of the "explosion" exceeds the pre existing rotational inertia -- the model does not show if there was a sphere or a more flattened form. At some point ejected matter would be prevented from / slowed down as it approaches the speed of light - what are the "speeds" of ejector with mass in supernova (let alone kilonova) explosions.
Interesting stuffs!
Thank you, Dr. Becky. My daughter and I can now respond to your question "what is going on?" We will of course cite your work. Doc
It's refreshing to see Astrophysicists starting to acknowledge "Crystal Cores" in Astronomy. That's one step closer to understanding the true nature of the Universe, now you need to do a little research into Crystal based Quantum Computers, and realize at the very center of the "Cores Of The Cosmos" - there are in-fact "Dark Energy Crystals" - that lead to an entirely new Universe...!!! A Naturally Occurring Crystal Core Quantum Computer; Universe... And that is exactly what we are in! OMG!
Seen what you did there with the Dark Side of the Moon cover 😍
Over here in the US, a "roundabout" can be inferred to be a traffic circle. The device in the video we call a "merry-go-round". That said, the gist is clear enough -- I just had to think for a minute and look at the image (I'd only been listening podcast style).
Interesting, as always! Thank you!
A roundabout is also a "traffic circle" over in the UK - they're just both called roundabouts. Context gives it away as you said.
While the Spectrum overall has a best fit on the "spherical"-Line, there are portions that better fit the aspherical lines. I don't know if this spectrum was recorded synchronous or if there is a timeshift along the wavelength axis. However with what limited insight i have (and maybe lots of dunning-kruger) i'd like to mention the idea of äquatorial ejecta in the form of spiral arms that only temporaryly overlap the measurements of the spherical event...
Please forgive me for this, because as a fan and follower of scientific news, and especially a fan of astronomy, cosmology, and astrophysics, this will seem like a terribly weird issue to bring up, but as a musician, it's something I simply cannot ignore. At 5:58-5:59 in the video, there seems to be a strange audio edit, and if it IS actually there, I am just curious to know what the deal is. As far as the video itself, loved every second of it, but that one little bit really caught my ear for some reason. Don't stop being wonderful!