The Milky Way: Our Home Galaxy in the Cosmos
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- čas přidán 2. 05. 2024
- This is the twelfth lecture series of my complete online introductory undergraduate college course. This video series was used at William Paterson University and CUNY Hunter in online classes as well as to supplement in-person course material. Notes and links are present in the videos at the start of each lecture.
0:00:00 - Our Cosmic Address
0:14:51 - The Great Cosmic Distance Debate
1:06:29 - The Milky Way's Many Faces
1:35:14 - Stellar Neighborhoods: the Population I and II Stars
1:53:35 - The Galaxy's Formation, Evolution and Fate
2:13:31 - The Milky Way's Spiral Arms
2:39:57 - Dark Matter in the Milky Way and Beyond
3:24:06 - The Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way
(Correction: William Parsons, The Third Earl of Rosse, was Irish, not British. Apologies to the Irish viewers out there!)
Now we start the process of learning our place in space, by learning about our Cosmic Address. Where is our place in the universe? What is the scale of the Cosmic Map? After that, we learn the history of the Great Cosmic Distance Debate. The development of our understanding of our place that was just described is one of the great stories of modern science. The people of the latter part of the 19th century and the early 20th were just learning about what was out there. Their fierce debates and competitive drives were spurred on by their insatiable curiosity. We learn of great women pioneers in science, and we learn that the painstaking measurements of the distances to the nearest galaxies led to one of the most surprising findings of all time: the expansion of the universe. We then take a step back and look more closely at our home Galaxy, looking at full-sky images in many wavelengths that detail exactly what makes up our home. Next, these simple observations, combined with spectroscopic analysis gave rise to the discovery of two broad types of stars in the Milky Way, the practically-named Population I and II Stars. This gives us the basis for understanding that all stars and therefore our galaxy, changes with time. Armed with this understanding, we reach into the deep past and the deep future, as we explore the formation, evolution and fate of the Milky Way. We jump around in our discussion to the factories of star formation, the spiral arms. We show the evidence for them in our Galaxy, and we see our Galaxy as one among many. Following that, we see great anomalies in the way our Galaxy rotates, and how the spiral arm structure evolves. By studying this motion, astronomers discovered that there was something missing. A lot of stuff was missing. The Galaxy is rotating faster than it should when we take into account all the matter that emits light. We learned that most of the matter in the cosmos doesn’t interact with light at all, and was named Dark Matter. Last, we learn about the behemoth black hole residing in the core of the Milky Way. A central place of exceeding violence that’s safely placed many tens of thousands of lightyears away. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, SGR A*, belies its presence through its influence on stars and gas clouds in its local environment. It's the nearest such black hole, and there is ample reason for us thinking it actually is such an object. - Věda a technologie
Wow! This is the first video of mine to break 1 million views! That's amazing! Thanks for the support! You can watch the entire series of videos here: czcams.com/play/PLyu4Fovbph6fl0UGSo3aLqHCmBIYkiqzq.html
😂
Pa😊aq❤
Jason, congratulations! Astronomy is such a beautiful, enchanting and indeed grounding subject to study and immerse oneself in. Whilst a lot of accessible online resource is skeletal, your output answers so many questions, some of which I’d yet to ask. Thank you for all you are doing here.
This is wonderful to watch...feels like I'm in school at my favorite class with my best teacher!
I recall the 8 year old me being asked what I wanted to be when i grew up ,by my grade 3 teacher
"A scientist"...was my reply without hesitation.
That never happened, but here I am ,62 years later, just as in awe now as i was then.
Thank you so much for giving this old man such an enjoyable viewing experience!
Fell asleep watching totally something else, but only happy to wake up on this, and continued sleeping bit more.
Same lol
I fell asleep playing a 10 hour sleeping video where you fly through a galaxy and it’s supposed to help you sleep. I woke up to this video playing and since then have been engulfed in your videos! It’s all just so Interesting and even though most of the info goes over my head I can’t stop watching!
That's an excellent reason. I do see a LOT of uptick in the wee hours of the morning.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer I fell asleep to John Michael Godier videos and woke up to this one. I also sleep to David Butler videos. Just subscribed!
❤❤❤😅
@@jamesmoore4023same man
Just woke up. The first thing i see is this comment 😂
First time hearing your channel I'm obsessed with face and sciences I must say that this is on or above quality of well-known CZcamsrs as Frasier or Anton thank you earned my sub ty again
I cannot begin to tell you how much I enjoy these long-form uploads. Seriously.....so good.
I agree totally with you. Professor Kendall is a wonderful teacher and he explains every topic so well. This series is so great and it is totally free. I went to college to get a degree in Astrophysics many years ago but never finished because I lost my student aid. This course is such a great way to catch up on the latest research in this exciting field. Muchas gracias a professor Kendall!
¡Me alegra que te gusten las conferencias!
I passed out watching smartereveryday and woke up to this, I ain't mad just glad I didn't end up on one of those documentary livestream channels
I asked for playlist and I got all these! You is a bloody LEGEND, mate. Keep it up and G’day from Australia
Hey jason, I doubt you will even get to read this because I imagine you are extremely busy but, I've been watching all of your videos over the past few months and I felt compelled to leave ya a comment. Your videos are so I'm depth and I just love gaining all of this knowledge from your videos. My daughter has now begun to watch them she is 12 and she sticks to the iPad like glue watching your vids!! Woo keep it up man your amazing, and thanks again from the Taylor family!!!
That’s great! These videos weren’t made with 12-year-olds in mind. But if she is into them, and really likes talking about them, find all the STEM resources you can and get them to her. School resources won’t be enough. I took college classes proper in 8th grade and was fully enrolled at university before 9th grade. I graduated high school with half a computer science major done. I ended up with an excellent career. I still went to and finished high school, I just had permission from the high school to take classes that were not currently offered. If she is great at math, then have her follow the path of my mother who dropped out of high school to go to college and become the youngest graduate student at Harvard at 19.
Excelent, thank you for the upload sir.
I love your sense of humour and the way you explain the equations makes what initially looks like a bunch of letters and numbers around an equals sign very understandable - cheers for the upload and will be working my way through all your long videos at bedtime :)
Good to hear!
This is a godlike series of lectures, thank you Jason!
You're very welcome!
Thank you for including Pluto as a planet! I too believe that the New Horizons project and images sent back of our beloved 9th planet are the most incredible discoveries of our lifetime!
I love this video! Thanks Jason!
😅
Your content never fails to amaze me and ignite my hunger for knowledge about the universe. Thank you for sparking my curiosity.
So very well explained even the physics
Our brains are finite, incomplete, and therefore imperfect. So, I always have much more to learn. This is definitely a great video.
I love the idea of naming the combination of the two galaxies that we won't be around to see Milkcomida. That's thinking ahead!
I remember what the milky way looked like in the early 60's from Maui Hawaii. I lived in a small town by the sea . It was quite beautiful as there were practically no lights at that time. Especially during the new moon phase.
Sadly, Cole those days are gone. Perhaps one day again.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer unless you're out at sea sailing. No lights whatsoever. I haven't been out to sea on a sailboat but I'll bet the view of the milky way is incredible.
The place to see the best views is central Australia.
No doubt. We used to have a boat on Elephant Butte (southern New Mexico) and the views at night were amazing. Not perfect but it was remote enough to get amazing views.
I've only been a visitor, but I have gotten to see the night sky from the summits of Mauna Kea and Halealala, both views were so dark and clear that it took me more than an hour to re adjust to the constellations, because for the most part, I could barely tell which one I was seeing. There were so many more stars visible, and they appeared so much more uniform in brightness that I struggled to find even the most obvious landmarks otber than the Milky Way.
I watch a lot of CZcams this is top notch
I fell asleep to this, I swear I dreamed I was watching Magellan clouds and all those mysterious far away stars. Great video!
Amazing video thanks 👍
thank you for the content!
Thank you Sir.
What I love most about these are they not only so in-depth- but these are SO LONG. My default in searching the cosmos is “over 20 min”
I don't bother with anything that's less than an hour. So many of these channels have incorrect information. So many of them mislead and people think they're educated when they're actually getting dumber. I love how long this one is. And how informative.
@@SouthOfSanity79 Never mind the quality, feel the length.
O
I love putting these on when I go to bed, so anything longer the better. Nice to sleep to.
dude i just slept while watching yt and woke up to this playing like midway through
The third earl of Ross lived in Ireland. The original structure which supported his scope and the scope tube are preserved at his home place. The mirror is in the science museum in London. The earl made drawings of spiral structures... galaxies may have been the first. ?
Great lesson!!!
Glad you liked it!
Who would have thought 20 years ago watching you play baseball for the Pittaburgh Pirates that you had such knowledge of astronomy. I'll never forget I was at the game when you broke your ankle. Still to this day, I can't get the image out of my mind. That injury was right up there with the hit from L.T. that broke J. Theismanns leg.
Very funny story about that....
I was once contacted by a gushing fan of his. I played along but said "please don't let anyone know about this email" (which was different at the time) "but I want to thank you for your support, and I hope you're able to come watch more Pirates games!"
I knew that if I impersonated him, I had to do him quite right, and make sure he got all the praise. Same thing applied when someone mistook me for Michael J. Fox on an airplane once.
We’ll have a great sleep every one ! Let your mind wonder in the vastness of the Milky Way ❤
this is an excellent lecture. I would consider myself fortunate to be in your class
Sounds just like Adam Savage from the mythbusters
Glad I wasn't the only one thinking that 😂
I used to get Michael J. Fox when I was in college. Then when I was overweight, it was Nathan Lane.
With respect to the galaxy formation presentation, it appears observations through JWST found well form galaxies within only 500 million years after Big Bang.
I was watching Overwatch and then I woke up to this beutiful and amazing vodeo❤
Great lecture series, I really appreciate it. It's helping me big-time to place individual knowledge into a broader picture, meanwhile I'm getting the occasional revelation, such as the spiral arms of a galaxy not being spirals at all really, but are instead individual blobs of gas and stars in their individual orbits that are currently lining up to show us a spiral as we take a snapshot. The spiral is a lie.
I found a fun little blooper at 3:14:40 as G350.1-0.3 was called a "galaxy emitting cluster", hehe.
Thanks for the blooper find. When I get around to remastering this video, I'm sure I'll fix that.
And actually, the spiral isn't a "lie", it is what we see if you aggregate the view. That is similar to saying that a cloud in the sky is a lie because it's an aggregate of water droplets. Or a dog is a lie because it's really a collection of diverse cells, most of which are non-dog bacteria.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer True, I was being flippant with the lie thing. That's what happens without a /s tag :P
Not to worry at all! It’s just that you should see the loopy comments that come in. I knew it was all in good fun. I just needed to think about those who might just take it seriously….
Love it
how do you apply all this knowledge????
the HI nearby galaxy survey (THINGS).. I want this for a wallpaper.. got any idaes?
Describing galaxy rotation reminds of that 80's song: "You spin me right round baby, like a record baby..."
Unfortunately I don't think not of that era would get the rotating record analogy. *shrugs*
Sorry for my ignorance, but i have a question. In the image at 1:21:29 taken by ESA's Planck, the background shows something like the lines of an electromagnetic field, what is it?
That image specifically shows the microwave light emission due carbon monoxide. It’s a simple molecule that forms easily and is a tracer for hydrogen gas clouds. Here, Planck is trying to map it to remove it from their primary goal of seeing the cosmic microwave background.
How about the AndroMilkymedaway? Don't think much to the planned combo.
Would the large clusters of dust and gas of the milky way ever experience electromagnetic storms or anything caused by collisions or friction the cloudier areas? Some images of the galaxy from side on look as if it's a storm or a massive explosion still in effect.
Was watching Vsauce, fell asleep, woke up 1 hour into this. Cool!
watching this not as a student is a cool feeling jus interesting as heck!
I still want to see that
Epic. Loved it.
woke up to this bu I ain't mad. cool shit
Measurements and metrics
Omg. I can’t. “Cause ya want meat!” lol.
I woke up to this
Hi,
are there any places in europe were ordinary people can look at the sun and/or planets in observatoryˋs?
There are many. Start with contacting nearby universities that offer Astronomy or physics degrees to see if they provide public events. Also search for amateur astronomy associations or clubs.
nice man
3:33:44 I like to repeat these words: A 4 million times the mass of the sun. I think of things. Of heavy things. of VERY heavy things. Of the HEAVIEST things, and I know that this is beyond my imagination, forever.
Same with 1:26:51 "hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe.... " my imagination crushes under the size.
What does Dr S Freud say about the milky metaphors of the objects in the universe?
no joke i fell asleep then this video started playing overnight
2:07:29 - Lol! ^.^
the fact the universe could not drink in america blew my mind, thanks for the knowledge !! would love to translate these into french for my folks but i m not sure they would even care to listen 😅
A Flea living on a Dog, no matter how clever it thinks it is, or what it claims to know, will never comprehend or accept the truth that it just lives on a Dog...
But I am a leaf of the wind.
Maybe it is something to do with Hawking radiation.
The merge of the Milky Way and Andromeda isn't "long after the Sun extinguishes". It will happen at about the same time.
Thanks for the catch! I’m in the process of redoing the whole series, so I’m going to need to pick out flubs like these.
Andromeda is closing at c/1000, so it makes for an easy calculation….if you use light years, and not the dreadful parsec.
Lots of new information to cover, a lot of it thanks to jwst. :)
Why didnt the early universe collapse in on itself as a giant black hole?
Seems like the RR Lyrae stars may simply have planets orbiting them causing the dimming.
There’s a very different light curve profile for a sphere passing in front of a star.
👍👍👍👍
I saw the milky way move with many shooting stars holy shit like 10 shooting stars
@ 1:10:05 there is a police siren
They know a lot
Pluto ain’t a planet never should have been! New horizons was great though
What do you call a star with no arms and no legs in a pile of leaves?
Russel
What do you call the same star 10 billion years later?
Pete
How about a timelapse from one to the other?
Hertzprung-Russel
This one started autoplaying after I watched Vsauce
The Milky Way is actually a barred spiral galaxy. The image shown looks more like the Andromeda Galaxy
Lol
Did you watch the whole thing?
Glad I wont be around when the Milkyway and Andromeda merge. I would die of shame of its new name.
I heard this term cosmology before, but in a religious context, like Jewish Cosmology, or Hindu Cosmology for example. What the relationship is, if any, I'm still trying to understand.
Cosmology is the study of the entire universe. It used to be the purview of religions, which tried to explain Where It All Came From. But now, we understand so much more. It is now a precision science. Religions still give each their own human-centric interpretation of “Why Was This Made For Me”, and “What Is It All For”? Science seeks to understand the reasons for the natural phenomena that are in abundance. We now have the tools to understand how the universe has changed and grown from the very earliest times. Scientists debate and research the boundary points of knowledge, not resting on or aiming to reinforce one final story, in the manner of a religion. The goal of science is to offer explanations to what’s observed, and see if they fit and if they fruitfully lead to more questions.
Learn more with my video on it: Big Bang Cosmology: the Origin and Fate of the Universe
czcams.com/video/aDDnhwzoGv8/video.html
Xkcd1053
I feel small.
Coolile
Damn, i fell asleep watching a video on 4d visualization. Idk how i got here.
very well into the delusion I was like you once when I was in school.
Such delusions are good.
Lol I woke up and this was playing and I couldn't see the screen, I swear I thought it was Adam Savage
One quibble - "you can see the sky as it was MEANT to be seen." It wasn't "meant" to be seen. It just is.
Neeeew suuuub
I prefer the guy with the English accent!
Forgive me mate🙃
Aw stay on this side on the pond with me!
Each stars has their own god/jesus who went down to their Earths to teach inhabitants😂
Jokes aside, can we say that the observable universe is filled with other humans, given that physics applies everywhere else in the universe?
One can always say that, but when dealing with it as a scientist might, one must always gather evidence to support an extraordinary hypothesis.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer Thank you for your reply good sir💯. I understand.
Famous science fiction, notably Star Trek, have a theory of convergent evolution to explain why all of the aliens look human/humanoid.
It was a little handwaved because they couldn't make good looking ALIEN aliens back then.
You may also be interested in Steven wolfram's computational physics research, where the evidence is pointing to physics being this way because we observe them this way, and if you get far enough away physics may actually work differently.
Just some food for thought.
Cheers!
Lol
The earth 🌎 isn't flat ,flat earthers brains are just 1 dimensional
I admire and apriciate the plead for change.
But then you know....
A calmness settles over you and then suddenly Elon goes supernova implodes back on himself... Only to eventually vapour, radiate into entropy.
I'm wish I'd still had fate in mankind overcoming the discrepancy between their theoretical best odds and their practice. Though we are strong when the masses unity and God is dead, we are moving towards more individual, we are confused and may fear the future challenge which causes a vulnerability towards populism, lack of optimal rational change collectively in the right direction... But we are in motion and with increased velocity. The energy needed to / time = the apple on tree - out of reach moving away.
Unless AI comes up with a backup plan to save the day. But if I were AI and would try to come up with ways to improve the conditions for earth to host life...
Uhhhh ups.