What Was The First Black Hole?
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- čas přidán 24. 04. 2024
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Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Incredible thumbnail art by Ettore Mazza, the GOAT: ettore.mazz...
If you like our videos, check out Leila's CZcams channel:
/ @somethingincredible
REFERENCES:
web.archive.org/web/200505111...
solarsystem.nasa.gov/resource...
physicstoday.scitation.org/do...
time.com/5199001/stephen-hawk...
www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/201...
www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/...
www.space.com/testable-primor...
astronomy.com/news/2019/07/pr...
arxiv.org/pdf/1810.12224.pdf
www.britannica.com/biography/...
ec.europa.eu/research-and-inn...
www.space.com/testable-primor...
adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1971M...
iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
www.space.com/earliest-superm...
science.nasa.gov/astrophysics...
astronomy.com/magazine/2019/0...
news.wisc.edu/what-is-a-blazar/
arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11090.pdf
arxiv.org/abs/1711.10458
arxiv.org/abs/2006.11172
books.google.co.uk/books?id=n...
www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/...
lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum...
scitechdaily.com/meet-sagitta...
Huge thanks to the IllustrisTNG collaboration for footage of their simulation.
Thanks to NASA and ESO for space footage.
Stock footage from Videoblocks and Artgrid.
Soundtrack from Silver Maple, Artlist and Epidemic Sound.
Image Credits:
Cygnus By T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) and H. Schweiker (WIYN and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA) - noirlab.edu/public/images/noa..., CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Keiper Belt NASA/GSFC/Marc Kuchner and Christopher Stark
La Silla By ESO/José Francisco Salgado - www.eso.org/public/images/potw..., CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Sedna Orbit By Tomruen - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Planet 9 nagualdesign; Tom Ruen, background taken from File:ESO - Milky Way.jpg, CC BY-SA 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Milky way halo By ESO/L. Calçada - www.eso.org/public/images/eso1..., CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Virgo Cluster By Pablo Carlos Budassi - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
M87 Galaxy By Chris Mihos (Case Western Reserve University)/ESO - www.eso.org/public/images/eso1..., CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
GURT By Serge Yerin (YeS) - Own work, CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Large Milimeter Telescope By panza.rayada, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Very Large Array By CGP Grey - 2009-08-24T14-15-41 -- DSC_0013 4892860281, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Event Horizon Telescopes By The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration - (2019). "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal 875 (1). DOI:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7. ISSN 20418213. Figure 1, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Event Horizon Infographic By ALMA, CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
ton 618 By Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Apache Point Observatory, Astrophysical Research Consortium - aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinLite..., CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Black Hole Eats Star Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith (USRA/GESTAR)
Universe Simulation NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and the Advanced Visualization Laboratory at the National Center for Supercomputing
00:00 Introduction
06:14 The First Black Hole
15:13 Supermassive
26:11 Before Atoms
34:22 Finding The Needle
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Thanks for taking the time to _"simplify this complex stuff"_ for us non experts.
I look forward, eagerly, to every new video you put out.
You look up & make a claim!? The only real 'Black Hole' Is Nasa, who fund 'Spacex' & Blue Horizon & at a snip at $68 Million per day, they provide in turn a lot of green screens, models & animation. Would it be at all possible, for you to provide 'Empirical Evidence' for either the Heliocentric claims, or your own outlandish presuppositions!? Maybe you could create a video, show casing your proofs.. Maybe it's best if people didn't question the narrative & just went along with the fairy tale!? Btw Unicorns are real, I got a picture. Tut tut.
I wonder if the one electron theory is correct when you factor in singularlies.
It could be that the whole of the universe could be an electron trapped in a singularly, and the matter we see could be that electron traveling through the Penrose of the singularly by our observation.
Maybe the singularly, or the hole it travels through in an instant that we observe; is the patterns we see in atomic weight.
"The big bag" would be that fracture of this electron and the singularly propagating throughout the universe, and that might explain expansion, as the speed of the expansion is governed by where the observation is viewed in the future.
Perhaps our looking into the sky, and other creatures great or small looking up is what makes the universe exists.
Maybe that's a bit existential. 🤔
Bro u make some of the best content on CZcams for learning about space and the earth thank u so much
As an german I find it imennsly entertaining, that an guy called Schwarzschild calculated the no return area and it's named after him, because "Schwarzschild" in german means "black shield". Untill I learned the no return border was named after an person I thought it was an term coined by an scientist because it's just fitting, just like the term "black hole"
Underrated comment
Brezelbruder
halb zumindest xD weißbier und ebblwoi liegen mir gleichermaßen im blut
What amazes me is an early 20th century German scientist working on anything other than bringing pain and misery on others.
@@danieldevito6380 dayyyyyum
Karl Schwarzschild has always fascinated me. He’s on the front lines of the war and when he’s not fighting, he chooses to derive field equations for Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. He survives the war only to die of a skin disease. Dude was fascinating to me.
it was just his life.
Yeah, the dude was put into a situation which showed the worst of humanity (war). Yet, he decided that he instead would devote his life to the aqcuisition of knowledge, and the advancement of human understanding of the universe. The Guy chose peace and knowledge, I gotta give him respect for that.
@@Snoogen11 based
He quoted in his letter that it was his way of escaping the horrors of the war and entering their world or something along those lines.
He wasn’t fighting he was calculating ballistic trajectories
Wow! This video is awesome and it's an honor that you used my images. Thanks for taking the time to mention my full name in the description. Keep it up!
Thank you for the wonderful images!
Holy crap!! I've seen a hefty amount of black hole documentaries, but this one takes my #1 spot! The narration, visuals, and music all come together so well, this is amazing!
Yesss!
Nice...
I'm chronically ill and don't have much to look forward to in life.
Your wonderful series helps me get my mind off of the gruelling pain and be at ease for a while.
Thank you
🤜
Hope you stay positive and enjoy lice as much as possible in your situation. Even if it's the little things. I had a stroke last year myself, but being terminally ill must be a huge bummer. Glad you seem to be keep yourself busy. And your spirits up. My thoughts n prayers are with u buddy 🙏.
See you on the other side
I know I'm a complete stranger, but whatever ails you I hope and pray there is some room for improvement and respite.
Kind regards,
Do as many mind expanding drugs whilst you can, IV them especially cocaine as it doesn’t matter really if you are already dying 😉
That was the best and most terrifying description of falling into a black hole I’ve ever head and I’ve heard many.
Always super psyched when one of your videos come out!! Thank you!
have no fear. black holes dont exist. this is all science fiction based on fictional forces and faulty mathemagic. dark matter/energy, "time/space" warping matter causing gravity, none of this is based in reality.
our universe is driven by electric currents and the electromagnetic fields they create. thats why we see these forces from the atomic to intergalactic scale. we are electrochemical beings controlled by electric currents delivering messages at insane speeds to make our bodies function. the spark of life is electrical.
Get real. You will never fall in one.
@@davidjensen4547 pretty sure no one here ever thought we would.
@@davidjensen4547 yeah we know Sherlock
Hey David, just want to thank you guys for these videos. I could genuinely see this series on Netflix but I'm happy it's here on CZcams. I deal with anxiety and trouble sleeping without something to fall asleep to some times, so I have watched all these videos multiple times. There's something really soothing about hearing you talk about history and cover topics in these videos and falling asleep to have crazy dreams of outer space and other planets/stars. Keep up the good work you guys :)
Same here 😢 but I've watched these all 20 times just during the day but I am also having anxiety right now and I need something to listen to to keep my mind off wat ever it is.... it PTSD causing my anxiety
So it's subconscious my mind is not racing or thinking negatively or anything like that
I'm in the same boat. I listen repeatedly to quell my anxiety and get a few hours of sleep.
Me too bud......Hope you're doing well 💪😁💪
In the past month or two, I've had quite the challenge of finding a video on astronomy that's not only put together really well but also informative and captivating. I found this for the first time today and watched it. It's unequivocally nothing short of amazing! I wholeheartedly appreciate the amount of time and effort that was put into this. THANK YOU for delivering such quality content.
It’s so nicely narrated that I often just listen to it when I go to sleep. My thoughts are then somewhere between the stars. But the first time I always watch it in full :) thanks for that great content and quality!
definitely, might be worth checking out SEA and john michael godier, but the fact that these videos are longer really helps
Same. These videos are so calming. Leaves you dreaming in the cosmos
@@craigkendall8452 While I enjoy those channels, they're not the "fall asleep to" type for me.
Cool worlds is a very similar channel
Also watching and listening to JM Godier,, SEA, PBS Spacetime, Cool Worlds, Astrum, Kosmo, Paul M. Sutter.
Always a surprise when they drop. Absolutely makes my week when you guys post a new video. Best thing on CZcams. Amazing work.
One of "few" longer content that I watch the same day I notice new video ^^
I quite agree! Best space channel I've seen in a while
This channel has brought me and others a lot of joy and inspiration really, very neat !
Good quality, easy to listen too. Deep dives into interesting questions
Ain’t that the truth
Your description of Karl Schwarzschild in those terrible trenches, receiving an envelope from his friend was a wonderful and evocative passage!
Elegantly written and narrated and, blessedly, without political observations. Pure science and science history. Thank you so much, History of the Universe and Leila Battison.
@@douganderson7002: Hi, Doug, I think you may be confusing the dry, academic lecture with the art of science communication.
The facts of science are astounding, but it's the narration, color and embellishments that make it both intriguing and memorable for those who do not pursue physics or astronomy professions.
@@douganderson7002 God forbid the narrator and writer use their talents to further their reach and make science and space exploration more appealing to otherwise more literary minded people.
'Incomprehensible Horror' -- Without a doubt, my favorite description of a black hole.
Eight days after John Wheeler's fateful lecture, the Star Trek episode "Tomorrow is Yesterday" aired, where the concept showed the starship traveling backward in time upon escaping an encounter with a superdense "black star". Star Trek came very close to naming the phenomenon we know as a black hole!
It's a better name too.
In doctor who the invasion of time, Tom Baker era, it was also named black star.
But since stars are different.
Black holes are space time. A black sphere so black it looks like a flat dark circle.
Observable by the emissions of matter around them..
They look like a hole, like the kitchen sink's drain, in the center of spiral galaxies.
Dark Star is the original name for black holes, they were conceptualized first time in the late 1700s by a John Mitchell, but was far ahead of it's time and people forgot about it, the name faded away. Feels like Star Trek took the previous name and changed it slightly
I remember reading something that referred to them as frozen stars. Implying they were frozen in time not frozen as in cold.
@@arioamin Wasn't Dark Star a sci-fi hero or something?
Your team have really improved, the flow, content and overall depth is really really good!
It makes for really great viewing, I look forward to more uploads to the history of the earth channel as well!
Please keep up the uploads, if there is a way to support you guys directly like patreon to get more uploads on this channel and history of the earth channel make available to the subscribers.
You narration skills have really really improved David! Well done and I continue to look forward to more uploads’
So much money 🥵, good suggestion sir 😄👍
@@smartupworld highlighted comment
@@smartupworld $$$$
Damn your comment looks cool
That's nice when your mother does something like this for your channel.
"Isaac Newton rarely went to sleep before 3:00am. It worked for him but it won't work for you."
I felt that.
2:55 am here, feel your pain.
10pm er@@Niklot81
lmao reading this at 3:53 am
this channel deserves more recognition! every single video is worthy of praise for the detailed explanation and history behind it.
Overdoes the S words like a snake.
@@doctorcrankyflaps1724 like u can talk with those cranky flaps of yours.
i've gotta say i love how your videos can transition from cosmic physics to down to earth history in such a flawless way, quite excellent
I absolutely adore your videos. Play them on a loop and always feel I learn one more thing each rotation.
Thank you!
Thank you for making these. This whole channel is absolutely amazing and I can't wait to watch and rewatch them all!
8 mins in and bloody loving it. Great work as always - for me its about the perfect ratio of accessibility and detail.
This.
I always tune in for the comment commercials. I like reading all of the comments from the people who are obviously paid to comment. That makes me feel stupid. Thanks you guys.
@@williamesselman3102 what's with you and accusing ppl of being paid to comment
@@dylank1972 it is what it is.
@@williamesselman3102 🤡
Doing amateur astronomy and astrophotography as a hobby, have plans of imaging SH2-101 and was showing my friends the shockwave from Cyg X-1 that we can image as well. And here you are same day dropping a video on black holes lmao! Excellent watch, your content is always a treat :)
Super informative and entertaining. I don't really follow science in general but I just watched the whole video taking in all that history and knowledge. Thank u for all your collective efforts, please don't ever stop
I just can't get enough of your high quality content. Damn that's good writing and dramatic reading. I have listened to every one several times. THANK YOU for making such fine content.
The content and quality of your work is absolutely amazing 👏. Always looking forward to your next posting 🥰
How do you donate to this channel as you cannot join for a fee as some other do...
Thanks button below title
Dear Lord, how many accounts do you operate while trying to trick the public into paying money for the channel? My goodness, you guys would have to have a higher IQ than the people you are trying to trick. You don't.
By far the best presentation of what we presently know about black holes. Script, images, background music, scientific content, everything is perfectly balanced. Thanks for this amazing moment !
Check out the channel Astrum. Excellent black hole video.
@@doctorcrankyflaps1724 Great channel.
It's especially the script because there are wee bits of humor and wordplay. Clever stuff.
Just found out about this channel, amazing research and overall documentary content, man! Keep it up!
This really recaptured my amazement in black holes. I mean, it never stopped but this was like learning about them again for the first time.
Great video!
They just pull you in don't they
What a fascinating episode: an exciting glimpse into the incredible possibilities surrounding black holes.
This time I found myself having to pause and rewind several times, in order to grasp as well as possible what was being said - and yet I didn't mind doing so. It is a complex topic, yet very well presented. Thanks for creating these awesome documentaries.
Not sure why it took me so long to find you guys, but after watching the multiverse and this episode, I instantly subscribed. I have a whole library to watch now - Thank you! 👍
And their channels are still pretty new, just a little over one year each (if I remember correctly)! We are spoiled :)
¡Gracias!thank you so much for more than outstanding documentaries, and also the perfect english you use, for a spanish native your locution is clear and very musical for my ear! Hope you keep doing this amazing material!
The first video from this site and I am as impressed by your presentation as the storyline. Had to subscribe immediately after the video.
This channel doesn't get the recognition it deserves... Imagine this channel hitting 1 mil subscribers.. I'll come back in like 2-3 months to see it fulfillled
Still not sadly
I'm absolutely in love with this channel. Thank you for all the quality work done here!
Despite these being complex subjects you do a very good job of breaking them down for the laymen.
Excellent videos, very well made. I really like how you manage to speak about such complex topics but in a way where someone without prior knowledge can understand. Super fascinating, I could watch videos about black holes all day!
I just wanted to say that this is incredibly well done, narrated and presented. Incredible. And I mean your job, not only the topic!
Perfect!
This coming from someone with OCPD :)
I think it would be pretty cool to discover that there used to be galaxy size stars made from elements that no longer exist because they fused into the basic building blocks of our galaxies. What was left upon their destruction was a galactic dust cloud and a super massive black hole.
Some say that the universe was squished down to the size of a grain of sand.
Thats a very interesting thought!
infinitely dense point actually
makes zero sense because it would have directly collapsed into a black hole long before then
@@Spicymuffinonly the Japanese section
Amazing channel, keep it going! Peace and love from Brazil 🇧🇷♥️
great video, I've actually watched this on a few times. I am enjoying all your channels very much, thank you!
Amazing work ! Please keep uploading your content it really makes my day your videos
👏🤍🪐🪐
One small correction; at 13:00 you describe the formation of a black hole, you state that ‘if the mass of the dying star is greater than about 3 solar masses, …[it will become a black hole]’ - it’s the core that has to be >3, not the star. The original star may have had 20-30x more mass than the star itself.
what
Thanks!
A beautiful narration, wonderful cadence. And, of course, the topic and information are amazing
i watch these videos on repeat every night. obsessed with this channel… by far the best astrophysics channel on youtube.
I know falling into a black hole would be the absolute end of me and probably painful, but man I wanna go out that way 😔 your vids are amazing and make my day whenever I see a new upload, thank you for all the work you put in!
what do you main "painful" ? You would be dead way before you felt anything.
dont worry you'd be dead before you felt anything
@@GameTimeWhy small black hole would pull you apart. Those with active galactic cores burn you alive, and ultra massive ones crush you to death as well. I’m guessing it would be quite painful 🫠
@@ledaros6348 no you would be dead long before any of that could ever happen to you.
The only known Organic being in the history of the Universe to meet their end to a singularity. A unique death amongst a history of hundreds of trillions of living things. Sounds like a hell of a way to go to me. Lol.
The entire universe could just be an energy blast from an unimaginably massive black hole.
That used to be a giant star?
I've watched to many of your videos, and I must say the following: Your taste in classical music is top tier.
I love all your videos, top tier stuff, but the writing of this particular one is just beautiful
Thanks for the camera guys doing there fantastic job. Only they are strong enough to withstand the strength of a super massive blackhole.
Brave, brave camera guys. Going where no one has gone before. Spaghettifying so that we can see the black holes up close. God speed, camera guys. God speed.
Their*
@@TheWatcherxx99 I'm sorry I don't spell check what I'm writing on the Internet bud.
Very clearly written and narrated. I actually understood everything. Yikes! Thanks. This is the first time I actually understood how the primordial black holes could have come into being, and it really made a lot of sense. I love programs like this. Keep up the great work! There are a lot of us that have many more interests than overthrowing an election or a government, and lying 24/7/365. Really enjoyed it.
One of best content on youtube. Facts, presentation, music and narration- all top notch.
This is one of the best channels on CZcams. Thank you for amazing insightful content.
Summary:
*INTRODUCTION*
- A black hole can usually be found with an accretion disk surrounding it. This disk contains fast-moving gas, dust and debris significantly heated by friction and lensed into a halo by the superior gravitational pull of the black hole (the intense gravity of the black hole quite literally pulls the light from the accretion travelling behind the black hole up and over its horizon - you can see the back side of the black hole from the front because the lensing is so intense).
- The frictional heating also radiates intense X-rays and Gamma Rays. As you enter the event horizon, you can start to experience extreme tidal forces (aka spaghettification).
- It is usually thought that most galaxies have a supermassive black hole at its centre.
*THE FIRST BLACK HOLE*
- 1915, Schwarzschild has just received a description of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. A few days later, he gives the first metric solution to his theory. Most importantly, his theory predicts the existence of black holes, more specifically, Schwarzschild is able to define something called the "Schwarzschild radius" which implies the density at which a given becomes a black hole, the radius being the event horizon.
- The radius depends only on the gravitational constant, the speed of light and the given mass available (the Earth's Schwarzschild radius is only 9 mm).
- 1964, a geiger counter strapped to a rocket travelling outside the earth's atmosphere picked up X-rays from within the Cygnus constellation which was later realised to be the proof of black holes. The object they saw turned out to be smaller than a start but 15x more massive from further analysis.
- 1967, the name "black hole" wasn't coined until this year when, during a John Wheeler lecture on the then unnamed phenomena, an audience member suggested he use this name instead of having to describe the "gravitationally completely collapsed object" every damn time.
- The common formation of black holes is through the supernovae of stars 3 times larger than our sun. As the star reaches the end of its life unable to continue fusion, gravity wins and the star collapses. Once the star collapses there is no known force in nature which can stop this collapse for such a big stellar object, and so it _never_ stops collapsing, so to speak.
*SUPERMASSIVE*
- 10th April 2019, the first image of a black hole was released. Turns out a big enough black hole with a large enough accretion disk produces just enough light to be captured by a radio telescope - a galaxy central supermassive black hole was needed.
- Sagittarius A*, the central supermassive black hole of our galaxy was a good candidate but it's too close making the adjustments needed more frequent and strenuous and half the milkyway would be in the way. A further but bigger black hole was chosen instead
- Sag. A* was only 25K light yrs away with 4M solar masses, but the chosen black hole, M87, was 55M light yrs away with 6.5B solar masses.
- A satellite the size of the earth was required: the Event Horizon Telescope. A collaboration of multiple different massive radio telescopes scattered across the world from Spain the South Pole all synchronised by atomic clocks. The resolution was 4000x the Hubble Telescope, a 4 day scan was required and the volume of data used had to be transported physically since it was too large for the internet bandwidth - it took two whole years of data processing after the data was collected in 2017.
- A second image was then released in May 2022 after 3 more years of data processing.
- Quasars are the brightest objects in the universe, and at the centre of them are not supermassive black holes, but ULTRA-massive black holes, one of the biggest ones having 66 Billlion solar masses, which is more massive than our milkyway. Naturally it's accretion disk reaches ridiculous speeds - a fifth of light speed - which leads to a luminosity that outshines its own galaxy.
- Most galaxies do have at least a supermassive black hole at their centre, in fact a question often asked is whether these black holes formed the galaxies, or if the galaxies formed these black holes?
- Many supermassive black holes date back to only a few million years after the big bang which shouldn't be possible. This puzzle alone gives us a large hint that there may not be just one way for black holes to form.
*BEFORE ATOMS*
- In 1966, Stephen Hawking wrote his doctoral thesis helping prove the validity of the big bang theory, all while his motor neuron disease continued to develop. Later he proposed the idea of Hawking radiation, a semiclassical idea noting the clash between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity that most likely existed at the event horizon border.
- In 1971 he then also suggested the existence of primordial black holes which formed from the big bang itself. After the Universe is born and the universe cools to allow the first subatomic particles (quarks & leptons) the Universe is then theorised to under cosmic inflation where the universe doubles ~90 times in a hundred billionth of a second turning quantum fluctuations into cosmic inhomogeneity that is however barely observable to us for the most part.
- It can be said that while the Universe is only *one second old*, that during cosmic inflation these quantum fluctuations coupled with the uneven distribution of subatomic particles could have opened up the chance for the spontaneous creation of gravitational singularities. and the later that these collapses happened the larger the black hole would be (giving a full range of possible micro sized black hole to all the way up to supermassive black holes). These promidal objects could then have ample time to grow into what we observe today.
- Unfortunatey, Stephen Hawking's theories are known for being mathematically watertight but hard to prove or falsify
*FINDING THE NEEDLE*
- In 1951, Gerard Kuiper deduced that an asteroid belt he called the Kuiper belt should exist beyond the orbit of Neptune in order to explain the current persistent existence of short-period comets, acting sort of as a nursery of icy bodies of which some bodies end up getting knocked out of the belt from time to time. Evidence for this asteroid belt was found in 1992.
- Later on, very unusual trans-neptunian orbits were being found orbiting the sun, the main quirk being that these orbits were all distributed to one side of the solar system at a very esoteric angle to the equatorial plane.
- 2012, Rodney Gomes suggested a hypothetical planet existed to cause this off balanced distribution of trans-neptunian orbits however no evidence suggests as such. It could be argued instead that Planet Nine is in fact primordial black hole the size of a tennis ball. Such an object would instead be emitting radiation from any possible dark matter halo it may have and so we may use this as evidence for its possible existence.
- In order to assert, however, that such a black hole would have a dark matter halo you would of course have to know what dark matter is.
- Two possible ideas: WIMPs - Weakly Interacting Massive Particles; or MACHOs - Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects.
- Hawking believed primordial black holes to be a good candidate for dark matter, specifically as a MACHO. The amount of primordials that could be produced during inflation is enough to outnumber regular matter meaning it could make up some if not all of dark matter. These primordials would then be the pricks in spacetime keeping galaxies in check as its dark matter halo.
- Any black hole could supposedly be detected by its gamma ray emissions from hawking radiation. Unfortunately, little to no gamma ray emissions have been observed thus far, therefore primordials could only make up at most 1% of dark matter.
- Overall, as of now, the many observations being made of the universe right now have severely limited the range of sizes for the primordials (restrictions come from things such as minimal scarring in the CMB, an abundance of neutron stars, the failure of gamma ray and optical astronomy etc.)
- On the plus side, LIGO's detection of gravitational waves since 2015 have given some counter evidence that supports the possibility of primordials. If most primordials end up having a similar mass, then this would fit the data received by LIGO very well.
- In the end, black holes can tell us a lot about the early universe and the evolution of galaxies and ultimately the entire universe.
Wow spoilers
You have the absolute best videos! Thanks so much for your time and effort! I can't get enough keep them coming!
Hear, hear! 👂 👁 👁 👂
I just watched the first 60seconds of this and I'm already hooked. Very well written my friend.
High quality content this is.
Much, much appreciated.
Thx
The content from this channel is stunningly superior to pretty much everything else I watch on YT at this time.
9:04 "so powerful, that not even...light can escape."
That line is in EVERY documentary about black holes.
Why is that relevant? I'm just curious, because I can't tell what you're implying.
If a piece of info is correct, then it should be in every video/lecture.
So, if it's true that light can't escape a black hole, and this fact reflects its incredible power...then every video should include that line, no?
Because that’s literally what makes it a black hole. If light could escape it wouldn’t be invisible or, as we call it, black.
Wow!!! This is so very interesting for me! Thank you so much for taking the time to make this video! I’m so grateful!!!
Good stuff. Very much enjoy watching in this format.
How awesome would it be to fall in a black hole looking at the universe and literally see time speeding up exponentially up untill the end of the universe. You'd basically live forever.
Yet again, you lot throw out an absolute beautiful piece of art, just stunning. Love this, and always looking forward to your next video
(Teaser of this one being on black holes got me very excited)
Awesome video! I've recently developed an interest in cosmology and I enjoyed every minute of this.
Excellent video presentation. Well done for creating this really interesting history of black hole formation in the early Universe.
There are hundreds of channels and videos on astrophysics, cosmology, space phenomena and black holes. This is one of the very best.
**I changed my original comment, so for context, I wrote a rather generic but nonetheless glowing comment about this channel, and the douche-canoe down below accused me of being a paid ad comment. I guess he couldn’t believe that someone would actually write a positive comment on a great video by a great channel. If I was being paid, I’d be beholden to not calling him a turd burglar.
It is incredible that every channel has a comment like yours. Isn't that weird?
How long before nobody gives a crap anymore? Comment commercials and paid commenters are dumb and everybody knows what you are. The world would be a better place without all commercials.
@@williamesselman3102 the f are you talking about?
This is a genuine compliment to an amazing video that nails the subject matter, if you didn’t watch the video why make a comment like that? Go fish for gotcha points somewhere else, d!ck…
@@williamesselman3102 so you’re accusing me of being a paid schill….
I KNOW that you wrote that without actually watching this, or any videos on this channel or their sister channel. I’ve been watching space/physics channels for years and sifted through basically all of them, and this is one of the best documentary-style channels about this stuff with dozens of equally bad ass episodes of the same caliber.
You thought you were calling me out as an “ad comment”, dude I pay for CZcams premium and have no affiliation with any of these creators. It’s genuine praise for genuinely good content. I spent an hour yesterday soaking in this episode and everybody who watches History of the Universe or their other channel knows this narrator and script are some of the very best on this platform. That’s how I know you wrote that thinking you were so clever, but you’re just throwing accusation around without any merit to get internet points.
Get f*cked.
@@williamesselman3102 totally agree my friend!!!
@@williamcryer4047 he’s accusing me of being paid to leave nice comments, believe me, that’s not what this is, so agree with him and go play in traffic while you’re at it bozo.
Wild theory but you know how heat like in a desert makes an image appear visually distorted? Is it possible Black Holes aren't actually doing what the picture relays and it's simply some kind of illusion / mirage? As in, all the stretching of the space around it that makes it appear stretched out, that could just be a perspective issue too. We did recently find out that the suns plasma loop is an optical illusion as well. So just putting that possibility out there.
I’m sure someone has already came up with this theory and it’s most likely been disproved if it has
well, the desert illusions are usually from hot and cold air/ground interacting and causing optical distortions and illusions.
it doesn't need to be extremely hot or extremely cold, it just needs to be enough of a difference. there is an argument that the same thing caused the sinking of the Titanic, the warm air of the gulf stream interacting with the cold arctic waters creating a visual illusion that made it almost impossible to see the iceberg due to an effect similar as that which makes it looks like there are puddles in the distance on roads on very hot days.
Possibility
Love every video, keep it up😁 After watching most of your videos, learning as much as possible, I'm now wondering if everything rests on whether or not it's pronounced data, or data??
Wonderful writing, masterful narrative! THANK YOU
Black holes are my favourite space topic. TON 618 might be the biggest *known* black hole, but I do wonder how massive they could really get, hiding outside our little bubble. Like bigger than all those theoretical limitations even? After all, we've seen a lot of stuff we didn't think was possible. I'm in awe of the size of these lads.
what's eerie is that a blackhole as large as TON 618 was believed to be - and still is, for the most part - impossible. you have to wonder if there's truly a limit for anything in space.
@@waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa it does have a margin of error putting it in the possible size class which is probably what it actually is. Though the upper limit of a black hole is probably just any mass within its respective local cluster which some local clusters are huge. It’s unlikely, if not impossible, that they’d ever get that big but that is probably the limit for size.
Still only 200k subs. Crazy to me. Maybe an odd concern but I feel it's inevitable that it'll have millions, and these videos are likely only getting a portion of the views they would had they been released then. But it's evergreen content and I'm sure they have plenty of future stuff too.
Beautiful video ! Beautiful narrative !
Extremely good and interesting video. Thank you for the incredible work
Definitely one of my favorite new channels!!! I rewatch these over and over as I go to sleep at night. Would love to see you cover the topic of "The Great Attractor!" 💯💯💯
The stunning, incomprehensible, and beautiful parts of our universe touched on in your videos is greatly appreciated. Thank you so much for your dedication to this content.
look up the electric universe model.
@@ElectricalExistence Ill see what's up, thank you for a recommendation
@@ElectricalExistence look up reality
@@seanmuir2862 i did. reality is Electric.
@@ElectricalExistence Then why can't you not anyone else prove it? And why does all the evidnce say you are wrong?
The top Universal show on CZcams and creator. Keep up the amazing creations and work. This is like watching art in motion, truly spectacular. You have reawoken my love for black holes. As someone said "The brightest things in the known universe, at the center is the darkest."
The videos on this channel are exquisite. The voice, the graphics and the music are all perfect. Many thanks
i find it truly mind blowing that even at 6 billion solar masses M87 is on the small side of super massive blackholes and ours at 4 million is barely worth mentioning. and maybe these truly giant blackholes are remnants of a previous universe that survived the birth of this one ?
Not really any reason to particularly believe that. Infinitely more likely they just happened to be some of the first black holes in a more dense and more uniform universe so were able to get way way bigger than they ever could now and our supermassive black hole is just too young to have gotten so large.
Shout out to the anonymous NASA student who offhandedly and sarcastically coined the term “black hole.” 😄 So much easier!
What a great video! And the narration is just superb.
Each episode of this channel is a masterpiece. I feel I am in trance - physics, philosophy and art , all in one.
Nothing, can slow down time...
A black hole is not nothing.
Gravity can affect time.
@@Canadian_Hospitality Time does not exist.
We human being invented time and now you wanna say a big mountain can effect something we made up out of nowhere?!? hahaha
@@Desperado070 Time does exist. Our perception of it and means to measure it is man-made, but time as a factor, does. We literally have proof of this, too, using atomic clocks both on Earth and in space (affected by separate levels of gravity) and how their readings were different when reunited.
But, please - don’t let me stop you from using False Equivalences.
@@Canadian_Hospitality I asked one thing, how can a mountain (gravity) effect something we made up (time) ?
But that was already to hard for you to answer, the answer is: NOT
You can try to talk al fance whatever you want but you are putting out false equivalences.
This has been proven while what you are saying has not.
@@Canadian_Hospitality You mean the proof that a telescope can't view further than a sudden point because if you look over great distances you go back in time.
Problem is, our new telescope can look beyond that, not only that, the universe is NOT expanding...
You just keep going on about something we got learned in high school but actually has never been proven.
So once again you just proved you got no idea what you talking about...
Go look on the offical websites from nasa yourself!
Or you wanna say that is fakenews now?
Speculation:
It is certainly reasonable to assume that if we can imagine it and it's physically possible the universe has already done it, and more besides.
However, while we have imagined primordial black holes and even have some evidence as to what sizes may be out there Ligo documenting a collision between two likely candidates isn't evidence as such.
If two 30 solar mass black holes can collide to form a roughly 60 solar mass black hole then so can two 15 mass back holes make a 30-ish. 7-ish mass black holes and you're getting in to the realms of documented and reasonably well understood stellar black holes.
So if Ligo finds smaller candidate collisions, especially if they keep getting smaller, we find ourselves with a more prosaic possibility. The questions remain: 'Can Ligo detect such collisions, and how long do we need to watch before we can assume they don't happen as a general rule?' Even if they do that doesn't mean primordial black holes aren't a thing, just we don't currently have a way to tell one type form another.
I would suggest the scientist who says 'It can't be true' without giving a good reason why is only displaying their lack of imagination. So primoradial black holes must be a thing until proven otherwise. But we don't have any credible evidence yet, only observation suggesting their likely size range and a hit they do exist if that hint doesn't have another explanation.
Why the comment at all?
Certainly not as criticism to this fantastic video. Only as a hint to any who may be interested that complicated subjects often have answers more complicated than one may at first appreciate, if any answer at all! That alone might inspire some to look more deeply in to this fascinating subject, or at least give a friendly warning that while it's fine to be a 'dabbler' every 'dabbler' needs to appreciate that they don't really know. (Including me!)
Excellent series, thank you!
Watched all of it in the background, had to rewind a few times, will definitely watch it again
I just had a thought, what if black holes don't have a singularity and instead are spheres of matter that are insanely dense and with a gravitational force so powerful that even light can't reach escape velocity
Nicely done. Respect. Interesting, quality animations, uptodate information. Amazindg to me :)
I love these videos, it makes me feel like nothing matters, and I forget about all of my worries. Very relaxing
Your intros are so well done ❤
Great channel and topics!
Best vids on the market...great presentation.....thanx
Very intriguing, awesome narration 💯, thank you so much! 😁 I'm left wondering if time somehow could have reset at the first primordial Big Bang ❤️
This channel and @SEA are the absolute best!
I had no idea it took over 2 years !!! to decode all the information on to paper for a physical image to be seen. WOW!! there has not been enough attention nor credit given to the people who worked so hard to bring us these images of black holes in the universe and our very own galaxy... TRULY AMAZING!!! 🤯🤯
To everyone in the production & the viewers, Thank you so much
this was such an amazing journey trough the major astronomic findings
I REALLY LOVE these Documentaries.
Every time I listen to your program I learn something new and it inspires me to think outside the box. Thank you
There's something about space I love. So hard to comprehend it hurts my brain and helps me sleep
This was beautifully done thank you.