This Chip Could Change Computing Forever
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- čas přidán 3. 05. 2024
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Researchers have created the world's first graphene semiconductor. The joke goes that graphene can do everything but leave the lab, but in the last few years, this is no longer true. In this episode we'll see how scientists turned the best conductor known to man into a semiconductor, opening the door to faster, cooler and more efficient computing.
Note: the resulting graphene was doped with pure oxygen within the experiment. Apologies for not explaining that critical part.
Also another correction, I called "Georgia Institute of Technology" "Georgia Tech" , just wanted to clarify that.
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Paper: arxiv.org/pdf/2308.12446.pdf
Producer: Dagogo Altraide
Writers: Dagogo Altraide
Editors: Brayden Laffrey
Animator: Tawsif Akkas - Věda a technologie
I've heard, for about 20 years now, that a development just around the corner will make laptops last a week without a charge. Never happens. Color me skeptic.
You do realize innovation doesn’t happen with a snap of your fingers right?
Then be specific in the "far future"
@Retly_Ai it has to go through the military first, then we get it 😅
well technically speaking if we had the computers with the power from 20 years ago running on modern batteries they would actually be able to run for a week. the problem is that processing power and demand is increasing too fast.
@@mortalkombat266Unironically, the military doesnt get the best and lastest nowadays and consumer chips can outperform those produced specifically for military use. In fact the us military bought 1000 playstation 3s years ago instead of buying enterprise grade equipment to build a supercomputer. It was one of the most powerful supercomputer cluster that the us military had at the time.
10 years ago: "We gonna have graphene computers!"
10 years from now: "We gonna have graphene computers!"
It reminds me of the saying "Gallium Arsenide is the future of computing. And always will be."
40 years ago: we are gonna have flying cars everywhere
40 years from now: we are gonna have flying cars everywhere...
Graphene was supposed to be the wonder material, fast more efficient CPUs, better batteries, ... Haha called it 3:10
Graphene is amazing and has allowed incredibly fast and tough tech to be developed. There is no question it would make almost everything better/stronger, the problem is with scaling. If you can't make everyone a processor with it, then it's not 'profitable'.
@@sanderschat Not happening unless its all automated. Just look at idiot drivers on the road. Now picture them in the sky.
When I was young...we used graphite rods encased in wood to do calculations on flat sheets of wood pulp.
i used them to draw but to each their own
When I was young we used chisels and stonetablets and carved chickenscratches onto the tablets...
We used wedges pressed into mud sheets. Apparently they'll last thousands of years.
@@thiesenf Encino Man
@@merlingeikie Ea-Nasir hates this one simple trick!
Graphene is just like Nuclear fusion, always 10 years away 😅
Until it isn't.
Lets develop a car's engine. We can do it in 1 or 2 years, test it, do research on it, and use the data gained to develop the next generation of the motor. The cycle of creation and testing linked to time truly matters! People often forget that building and testing a fusion reactor takes 30-35 years, especially in the past. With such a slow cycle, expecting fast results wouldn't be logical. Fusion research has a very time-consuming development cycle.
If you want to know about progress, find data on specific research advancements. For example, magnetic fields for fusion are 10,000 times more efficient than 20 years ago. There's been great progress, but there are still hurdles to overcome.
Superficial judgments are easy, but they're simply misguided.
to be fair, so was blue led for decades, without it we wouldnt have led lights and screens.
innovations is expensive and require young people who are typically less trusted with large sums nowadays due to rapidly failing society, hence the increase in junk papers/claims and decrease in society changing tech.
@@Jack-he8jv There's a lot to unpack there man. 😅
*You're not entirely wrong, but that's what they said about flat TVs 50 years ago.*.
"Imagine your phone lasting for days" Why yes, I do remember the 3310
touché
You good sir win the internet.
And those changeable batteries of old , when you have the power to fix the problem. Instead of having to get a officially sanctioned item , which the manufacturer decided not to allow you to have access to .
Easy to last for days if you're a thing that does nothing in contrast to our small super computers today.
And unbreakable
It's intriguing how often I stumble upon a seemingly groundbreaking technology, only to discover it's been around since the mid-20th century.
Nicole Tesla was experimenting with a lot of these things in early 19th century but they blocked him.
I've noticed the same thing! Very often the newer papers also don't cite the older papers, probably because they don't want to admit that their work is not all that new.
And will never be useful. I swear it's just stock bro's pumping and dumping stocks of these companies. I wish there was a securities investigation into these CZcams channels pounding out this rubbish.
this is clickbait and nothings changed, if graphene had promise and this paper was released in January there would be more articles about this
Right! I’ll be like “wow microwaves are so cool,” look up its history and Wikipedia will be like, “Microwaves were an indispensable appliance during the time of Magellan.”
Back in 2003 when I was studying Computer Science at FSU, one of the breakthroughs the university had was regarding graphene. I'm still waiting for it to materialize into ANYTHING we use daily or get a benefit out of.
Manufacturing techniques have not been developed do make such structure efficiently, best current practice is still done by placing individual atoms and this is not economically feasible at scale at the moment.
Go Noles! I am a current FSU student. Cool to see an alumni in the comments section.
Bob Myers is still here teaching if you were wondering.
You can now get H-C pencils. yep you guessed it, completely made of graphene. teh future is nownownownow
A breakthrough does not mean a stable or close to final product though. It just means a significant improvement, or that a solution was found to something that hindered further process.
Graphene breakthroughs seem to happen just often enough that makes me believe I'll never live long enough to see any graphene products.
THIS is y we haven't gotten GTA 6 yet...they waitin for the graphene 💀
There are graphine batteries
@@kyleferguson4236 what do you think the G is for
Just like the fuel cell. All cars were going to be powered by fuel cells in 10 years. That was 20 years ago. Now they don't even talk about them.
yo why did I get a notification for this comment. I didn't even post here
The year is 2120... We will finally have graphene computers in 10 years!
It's 5 billion years in the future. The sun is now in the Red Giant phase, but we will have graphene computers in just 10 years!
Envisioning a groundbreaking new use for something, is infinitely easier than the trial and error process of turning a theory into a useful tool. Not only that, but it's not just the linear problem solving of engineering the whole thing. You have to figure out every step in the theoretical process and then turn that into a machine that can do what you need it to do. It most likely takes more time to build fabrication technology up to par for the new tech than it does to actually engineer that new tech. and that was only generation one... See how it can take years to move forward? When you look at the situation, actual time spent on the new tech is limited by the speed at which fabrication can keep up. Imagine you run into such a novel problem, that is a known solution, but the fabrication technology doesn't exist... You stop doing everything on the new tech, and start over with the fabrication tech... It's not just a straight forward thing.
More than likely what is the longest term problem, is that you can't even begin to start designing a chip set architecture until you know what the dimensions of your components will be... Getting to a useful chip, gen-1 is hard enough...
video is already 12 years old of the old guy. this is a clickbait false crap. author knew it's so old.
I thought we will have analog computers.
This is the same case as with batteries, every year you hear about some breakthrough tech and still your phone dies in a day with the same old lithium battery.
I googled the battery mentioned in this video, and yes, too good to be true... Those batteries are no longer available, company was sold in 2021, and they no longer offer consumer products.
To be fair a lot has happened with ion lithium technology over a large span of years. It's never as cut and dry as people wan't it to be. However, we do get plenty of idiotic technology promises all the time like Diamond powered cars was the latest one I saw. And every year some tech startup or pump-and-dump scheme promise fusion power. And Elon Musk promise every year that we will go to Mars in five years. Conventional, affordable and established technologies will be the thing that surrounds us for decades to come and they will always be improved upon. But new technologies like solid state batteries and Graphene chips might eventually become the norm. And then our descendants will have the same discussion when something new arises.
It's crazy isn't it, hopefully within the next decade we'll have an alternative?
@@mrtiff99 What's crazy is that Dagogo didn't mention this at all in his video. If you haven't done research yourself, you would have been massively misled about those batteries.
Progress takes time
I'll believe it when I see it. They said we're gonna have solid state batteries 5 years ago and we still have nothing.
"They can" doesn't mean "they will".
They exist.
You can buy solid state batteries online right now. They're just expensive
To be fair, the advent of cost-effective solid state batteries that actually see widespread commercial use seems to have been moved off the backburner and into the forefront of attention with the recent increase in EVs. I wouldn't be surprised if this time, the "EV solid state batteries in 5 years" turns out to be true.
Very impressive but the most important info is missing: How did they achieve the "semiconductiveness" for graphine? What is going on in detail so the meterial behaves that way?
yes, they did.
Read the paper
Read the paper
Eat the paper
Hold on to your paper.
A little thing about graphene synthesis. There is a company out of San Diego called Grolltex which has made strides in synthesis and fabrication. Their CEO did his PhD thesis on the subject, too. The main bottleneck is not necessarily the synthesis of pristine graphene, but transferring and fabricating on different surfaces. That's what this company is trying to do.
I know the sad joke about graphene being able to do anything except leave the lab, but the number of companies that are working on scaling, the number of companies working on graphene fabrication infrastructure, and also the very smart people in materials synthesis labs have put out lots of papers recently on the subject. There is one professor at Johns Hopkins who is working on graphene synthesis via CO2 splitting, which is exciting.
If you're an aspiring materials scientist or chemist, this is a great field to be in right now.
I work in an innovative tech startup, and I'm here to tell you, that our economy is shifting more and more towards an economy of empty promises, where our claims become increasingly flashy and ever less based in reality.
The big money goes to the guy with the flashy powerpoint, not the guy with the working prototype these days. FTX is a perfect example of this.
Maybe I'm wrong about your specific field, but I'm not very optimistic about this. Yes, they have a plausible mechanism by which they can explain what might be possible with this material, but until there actually is a promising prototype or a proven theory, all of this remains speculation and empty promises which can evaporate at any moment
@@horrorhotel1999There is proven theory though.
@@horrorhotel1999 I know exactly where you're coming from. And as someone in the startup scene, I share your lament. The problem, at the end of the day, comes down to where the founders go first. If you want to be able to deliver on the promise, you need to go to the experts first. If you're in biotech, go to doctors. If you're in materials, go to a materials science lab or DoE/DoD lab. Theranos and FTX failed because they wooed the public and venture capital, but they did not at all consult with accredited experts.
The name of the game is Due Diligence. Because the founders of Grolltex based their foundings on high impact papers, a whole doctoral thesis, and the backing of a respected materials science professor, I am inclined to be more optimistic with their work. The same goes for other companies, like Unigrid in the battery space.
Maybe they just need to inject more AI into their graphene!
@@horrorhotel1999 This is because even among the elites the understanding of physics at the scales we are talking is poorly understood and thus the knowledge of what is feasible and pie in the sky is also limited.
But when will we achieve cold fusion?
Lol
It's just around the corner, next upload.
16 years, 4 month, 11 days, 19 hours, 52 minutes, and 12 seconds
iter going to finish probably by 2030 for sure. After all the tests and tweaks, if it actually does produce net positive energy worth the bother, commercial fusion reactors would follow within 10-15 years.
We already have. It's making it commercial that's taking time 🤦🏻♂️
@4:52 that's the first time I've ever heard of conductivity explained like that. thank you
The potential for revolutionizing our devices with longer battery life and faster speeds is mind-blowing. The technological breakthroughs we've seen in the past decade continue to astound me.
Ya know the fun thing about life? It. Never. Stops. I remember my head just spinning when I first saw 2001: A Space Odyssey in 1968. It was the future, and the future was on a rocket~ I don't know that I will ever catch my breath, and hope I never do!🤯🤠🥳
There's 9 Tech Readiness Levels, and a working graphene transistor is TRL 3. They still have a looooong ways to go.
TBH I think there are flaws in the TRL system, for example NASA's over-reliance on it led to situations where technology and methods like supersonic retropropulsion existed at TRL 3-4 for decades while SpaceX just went and did it with Falcon 9 without caring about methodically going through the ladder, they just said yolo and tested it in the real world and it worked and the data they got is better than anything that advanced CFD and other modelling methods could deliver and now its a near weekly occurrence. TRL levels make it seem like tech advances and breakthroughs are decades of research away (lots of steady funding opportunity) while they could in reality be much closer than you think and someone just has to take that leap
did you know the guy that this video keeps talking about and he's amazing new breakthrough is from a 12 years old video? google "MRSEC Graphene Process Walt de Heer, Georgia Tech"
if their was some big breakthrough, it would have been discussed already
@@planetsec9 The thing to ask yourself right now is would you ride on spaceX rocket though.
@@greenboots5823 falcon is way more reliable than shuttle ever was.
^ this. I wouldn’t ride on a SpaceX rocket at the moment, but I *definitely* wouldn’t ride on a space shuttle!
Graphene based chips? This has been speculated on and teased for many, many years. I’ll believe it when I see it
The Chinese came out with the first commercial graphene-based chip, in commercial application.
I guess you missed the entire point of this video 🙄🙄
@@daffyduck4195 China can't even make their own 14nm silicon wafers. what are you on about?
@@spld3rp1g Can't even make a gt 1030 comparable graphics card without sucking 250w of power and performs around gtx 750 none Ti
@@bonbonbonfire Chinese scientists combined silicon carbide with graphene making possible much higher speed and low power consumption, and Tiang University laid out the steps for the commercialization of this chip.
"Electrons can only be in a few discrete layers, or shells, above the nucleus, which we can call bands"
A band is not the same as a shell. A shell is what you get if you have more-or-less isolated atoms (or molecules), like in a gas or a liquid. A band is what you get in denser materials such as crystals, and it's a collective thing involving the entire structure of the material. A shell only allows one energy (e.g. the ground state of the hydrogen atom has an energy of -13.6 eV, take it or leave it), but a band allows a whole _range_ of energies, which secretly are like lots of little shells extremely close together, and shared across the entire material.
*Methods for Bandgap Engineering*
*_Several techniques can be employed to induce bandgaps in graphene:_*
_1. Chemical Functionalization: By attaching functional groups or molecules to graphene, the electronic properties can be altered, introducing bandgaps. This method offers tunable bandgap widths but may suffer from stability issues._
_2.Graphene Nanoribbon Formation: Narrow strips of graphene, known as nanoribbons, naturally exhibit bandgaps due to quantum confinement effects. By precisely controlling the width and edge structure of nanoribbons, the bandgap width can be tailored._
_3.Strain Engineering: Applying mechanical strain to graphene can modify its electronic properties, including inducing bandgaps. This approach offers a reversible method for controlling conductivity but requires precise manipulation._
*Implementing in Transistors*
*_To utilize graphene as a semiconductor in transistors:_*
_Fabrication: Begin with a graphene layer on a substrate, typically silicon dioxide._
_Bandgap Introduction: Employ one of the aforementioned techniques to introduce bandgaps into graphene._
_Electrode Integration: Add source and drain electrodes to facilitate electron flow._
_Gate Control: Utilize a gate electrode to modulate the conductivity of graphene by adjusting the bandgap width._
A 13 minutes video released 9minutes ago and people giving comment 7 minutes ago , god save our attention span
Damn, this comment - it is so innovative and good. I really want to engage with it
I would like to engage with your comment as well. Very good observation my friend!
X2 Speed 🏃
Comment engaged.
the people who commented quickly were eating graphene
This isn't the first time I hear about graphene chips, but last time I checked on the subject, someone suggested a silicene alternative that - in theory - would be easier to engineer since computer chips use silicon anyway.
You never disappoint, my man.
Thank you for putting this video together.
I would promise this, but I have no need to waist time into stating the obvious - after we meet, you'll understand this in a better, more meaningful way - your commitment and love for the human progress, which will lead you towards me in a mysterious fashion.
These are tangible words that transcend all the limitations we are meant to beat down in order for ending this journey - words that ended walking in lockstep before standing tall in the face of triumph, a leading voice throughout the ever-changing canvases holding up this very little pale blue dot.
Push aside the words, meet their real meaning...
Most peaceful videos to listen to , thank you
The name of the channel goes well with the content beautifully haha
Yep.
Bazinga
Those chips will run ads faster.
😂
I don't know where you got your intro music (you are watching Cold Fusion) and it just really hits the right things. Hard to describe but I really love it so well done! Also I do enjoy your voice and coverage of topics - I do really look forward to your next videos.
Super looking forward to this! For those who don't quite grasp: sometimes all that's needed for the technology to become viable is to reduce production costs/efficiency at scale. If one chips away for 10 years, iterating processes 10% here, 20% there -- it accumulates and can push the technology over that threshold.
You have not a scooby of semiconductors LOL
@@Ronald-gu3ft oh please enlighten
Graphene potential is amazing. I've been following its progress since 2006 when I first heard about it.
I've been following it since 1859. It must be market-ready any day now.
The people on here so ignorant to think graphite and graphene are the same thing.@@DarthChrisB
Yeap, I heard that if you stack many layers of Graphene together into a long stick, you can use it to write on paper. Amazing!
@@Destroyer4700 No lol, you do not wanna use graphene as a pencil. What you would wanna use is something called "graphite".
@@victorien3704 Whooosh!
We could already have had phone batteries that lasted a week, but the marketplace decided ever-more advanced phones were more important than battery life.
100% correct
I have a smarthphone with a battery that "can" last a week. But because I use the Display and smart functions and not just the telephone functions, the battery only lasts for 1-2 days.
Moore's law has always been a specific use case of the more general law of accelerating returns. This basically means that every technological advance gives us the ability to build even better tools. The impact of this is that all tech has an exponential return.
This tech, along with things like photonic chips and quantum computers, are going to allow us to continue growing our technology even as we are hitting the limits of silicon.
I love episodes like this. It gets me interested and enthusiastically excited for the future like I was in my 20s again. Thanks.
Ur supposed to be interested at 20?
@@Necoy666 yes
@@Necoy666I was deeply involved in nanotechnology, fusion tokamaks, and particle physics in my late teens. As time passed, I noticed that much of today's science had succumbed to corporate dogma, which diminished my enthusiasm for new discoveries. But when I hear about the near-magical properties of graphite finnaly starts to show, like this, the emerging merits of fusion reactors, room-temperature superconductors found in minerals, and the advancements in AI. And now this. The future is now and I feel enthusiasm for the furture like back then!
Watches for the content, falls asleep due to voice and music 🎶 ❤
I'm an ingeneer specialized in powerelectronics. We are working since around 2019 with SiC Mosfets.
here are some conclusions in comparison with standard IGBT Moduls (although I obviosly can only talk about powerelectronic side, not microelectronics)
- If they die (explode) they do so pretty quite, that's nice. They also don't push the silicon everywhere. I tell you, cleaning a cabinet where a IGBT did explode is annoying...
- They are faster. witch IGBTs our switchingfrequency was at (depending on the output current) 2...10 kHz, with SiC we are usually at 12...20 kHz with comparable current. That reduces the losses in the chokes significantly, and reduces the noice by far. Sadly it seems, that the chokes are now at their limit. even if the output current of the Semiconductors could be increased, there are no chokes to smoothe the current out. with 25 kHz most choke technologies are also already at the optimum with copper and iron losses.
- They survive overvoltages longer/easier.
- they get extreamly hot, therefore the chip is a lot closer to the baseplate (wich is attached to a heat sink. sadly this increases the parasitic capasity, and because of that also EMC noise against PE. It easily interferes with other devices. An EMC Filter is mostly required.
- because of the higher switching frequency parasitic problems have gone up a notch as well. For example: we build a bidirectional, galvanically isolated DC//DC converter. In the lab it worked with 30 kHz, but when we build it in a cabinet, we had to reduce the switching frequency to 17 kHz, just because the cables were a few centimeters longer, and therefore the parasitic inductance inceased. The difference is, again, the lab compared to a real application.
- they are, at least for now, still very expansive
All in all, it is nice, yes, but it is not the all mighty solution. All the manufacturers have already quited down significantly about innovations.
I’m sure you’re an “engeneer”
Posting chat GPT info dumps is insane
@@Burkius sorry, what? What do you mean with Chat GPT info dumps?
and yes, sorry for beeing a non english speaking nativ and having gramatical errors.
Apple's Sillicon was the most powerful recent improvement in terms of battery life in laptops and much faster performance, hope to see more of this type of technology
At 8:01 you say "deficit free" when the text reads "defect free." The distinction between those two words is VERY important when it comes to semiconductor chips, as wafer defects are a huge deal in the production of semiconductor processing chips.
Well, does "deficit" make sense in that context? I think you already know which word he meant. :)
0:45 didn't know Einstein is still alive!!
😂
There was a man at my last job with the last name "Einstein."
Great first a women that dressed like Steve Jobs now a guy that looks like Einstein
He's the love child of Einstein and Richard Dawkins.
Played by John Cleese
Power drain and heat generation of modern electronics is not due to wire resistance, it's due to gate switching speed getting maxed out. Transistors take a moment to change their resistance value from high to low and back, and during that transitional period they pass a lot of current at non-insignificant resistance through them, which generates heat and wastes power. Faster clock speed means there's less low-losses time between switching, and more high-losses active time. The only way you can help it is to develop a gate that flips faster and shuts harder, like GAAFET technology. Clock speeds are also severely limited by physical size of the chip - speed of light and all.
I feel the need to point out that, faster clock speeds are not simply limited by the silicon. As clock speeds increase, you start to have a problem where the signals are bIeeding through as RF noise faster than they are traveling across the intended circuit. If the signal "jumps" the circuit gap, then you start to have all sorts of timing problems and the circuit would become increasingly noisy. So, a lot of the circuitry would have to be replaced by opto-electronics which would drive the prices sky-high!
This is what makes me so excited not only devices can run many degrees Celsius cooler but they could run thousands of times faster without making as much heat as regular silicon
We’ve been hearing about twice as fast processors and half the size 10 times better batteries every year for 20 years. It’s never happens either because it’s not possible or those up top who get rich don’t allow it.
Are you referring specifically to graphene? Because computers in general have gotten consistently two times faster or smaller every few years for the last 3 decades. Slowing down now, but only recently
I can't help but notice that 12 out of the 15 names from the team are all from Tianjin University, China: Jian Zhao, Peixuan Ji, Yaqi Li, Rui Li, Kaimin Zhang, Hao Tian, Kaicheng Yu, Boyue Bian, Luzhen Hao, Xue Xiao, Ramiro Moro, Lei Ma.
Only these are non-Chinese: Will Griffin, Noel Dudeck, Walt A. de Heer.
2:52 Graphene can be, and usually is, a mix of molecules with various thickness (ie. different number of connected layers). The 1-layer graphene is called monolayer. There are other forms of graphene with gaps in the sheet(s), 3D arrangements, etc.
Excellent Analysis, Deployed Worldwide Through My Deep Learning AI… Thank You
This idea is decades old
Wow amazing! Thank you for covering this!
When I hear people saying "your laptop could last a week" I instantly think of the thermodynamics involved with an accident. If we consider energy density, imagine 1 weeks worth of energy transferring in 1 minute. Graphine should be praised for its energy efficiency, laptops don't need to last a week. Small energies mean smaller accidents.
You didn't mention what the "height" of the ladder steps represents, which would make it hard to understand what the gap is supposed to refer to for anyone who doesn't already know that we're talking about energy levels.
I was not ‘EXCITED’ about it either.
Graphene is one of those technological breakthroughs that is always 10 years away. Just like Nuclear fusion. I am afraid AGI may follow the same trajectory
I think we can differentiate in this tho. We have the biggest companies in the world spending billions on AGI, with very noticeable strides being made basically monthly. Plus AI is already so useful and making it more accurate is clearly possible in multiple ways, so I don’t think we can expect it to not happen sometime soon.
Graphene can't do everything except escape the lab ^^
Wonderful science and persistence. Hope to see the technology in the future gadgets. However i see some potential bottlenecks outlined below.
• Material Properties: Graphite’s layered crystalline structure offers high thermal conductivity and electron mobility but complicates deposition and patterning processes necessary for semiconductor manufacturing. Its anisotropic properties also create variability in circuit performance.
• Manufacturing Compatibility: Standard semiconductor production facilities are optimized for silicon, not graphite. Modifying these facilities to accommodate graphite’s unique requirements involves significant technological and financial challenges.
• Process Adaptation: Conventional etching and chemical processes used for silicon are ineffective with graphite, necessitating the development of new methods specific to graphite.
• Environmental Sensitivity: Graphite processors require strict environmental controls during manufacturing due to their sensitivity to humidity and temperature, adding complexity and cost to the production process.
• Scale Challenges: These technical and operational complexities make scaling up graphite processor production both technically demanding and economically costly, limiting widespread adoption.
Thanks you for your clear, interesting updates on the latest research. You are amazing!
"deficit" != "defect"
We're so fucking back bro
Yeah man
🎉
Lk99 reddit I see.
Holy, this is incredible, I remember when I first heard of graphene. Now to actually see it being able to be used is amazing. I can't wait to see what all comes from this discovery.
Hats off for making this as accessible as possible!
To everyone complaining in the comment section. All the “future” tech that disappeared or “isn’t being used yet” is being used they just aren’t consumer products. So many wild things have existed in history that weren’t consumer products.
I have been following the same research and I was really excited when they announced. I finally felt Carbon chips were near.
The stacked graphene twisted layers wire, paper was pretty mind blowing. Basically the moire pattern can be stacked, continuing to twist the layers by what 1.1° indefinitely. The resulting structure acts as a wire with very little resistance, and (I think I remember it saying that the Eddie currents that are the problem with traditional/conventional wires, almost disappear. But I can't remember if it was the same paper...)
The implications are endless... 🤯🤯🤯
A fully carbon circuit. Almost zero resistance. And no transport loses, the amount of current in equals almost that much out... Like you wouldn't need to drive a power source anymore!!! A battery and a clever capacitor setup and it would last a very long time. Imagine adding a solar panel... Like those old AF calculators... Lol.
why is he quoting a 12 year old video from the old guy talking? if this was some breakthrough, why is it first time I heard about it?
@@percywhitehead9228 Well, graphene hasn't been around very long. The idea of it, sure... But the whole pencil lead things was quite recent. Anyway, it hasn't just been sunshine and rainbows fabricating graphene. Getting to a cost competitive product took over a decade... You can't progress real world engineering without the thing you are testing... It's not that the theory making stopped, it's just that we only now have the fabrication technology to start working on where the theory has led us. Take an engineering course and chemistry for that matter...
@@percywhitehead9228 Do a search for graphene chips and you'll find a dozen large channels covering this very breakthrough. I don't know how you missed it, especially, seeing as though, its sounds as if, you keep your ear to the ground on these topics!? Do you watch Sabine Hossenfelder ? She even covered it...
Finally, this channel talks about the news about the graphene semiconductor that came out almost 4 months ago. Brilliant. :)
Having done my PhD research on graphene, this research really gets me hyped up for the future
Great video. 👏👏
The problem you speak of at the end (current leakage) can be solved while scaling down the transistors. When researching problems with leakage at sub nano level it was actually discovered that taking advantage of quantum interference of electron by sending waves shifted by PI you can actually achive near-zero current leakage.
Source: New Microchip Breakthrough: Scaling Beyond 1nm, author: Anastasi In Tech
With such fine scale structures you can achieve great results but at this stage the manufacturing processes are not there yet, well not for any large scale production. Deposition and layering are often done with sputtering in semiconductor manufacturing and is improcice a lot of the time. These structures can be made by placing individual atoms at the moment but production at scale has proved difficult.
😱 THIS is IT!
This is just what we needed to get across the hurdle that's been slowing down progress in the IT field in recent years.
This will pave the way to a proper high-tech future.
We like technical videos! Your videos on tech are by far my favorite! Keep up the awesome work Digogo! You have many fans!
Fyi, for those of you other there that like building your own pc, they make Graphene thermal pads that take the place of thermal paste for CPU's. Personally, I even take my GPU apart and put a pad on the GPU dye. I've used the same pad for years now, even reused a couple in multiple builds, still working great.
I LOVE technical videos like this!! Thank you D.A.!!
The preprint mentioned in the notes is Zhao et al., Ultra-high mobility semiconducting epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide, Nature 625, 60-65 (2024).
The novel material is _not_ actually graphene (a semi-metal), but the eponymous SEG, which is a monolayer chemically bonded to a SiC (silicon carbide) substrate; this bonding appears to be at the root of SEG being a semiconductor.
The bandgap is measured at about 0.6 eV, which sets it apart from graphene. The material is doped, remarkably, with O_2 and features a mobilities of ca. 5000 cm^2/Vs, which is considered remarkable.
The authors exhibit a FET fabricated with SEG as the channel material; it features an on/off ratio of ~10^4.
The crux will lie in fabricating LSI-scale devices with this material.
~~~~Arthur Ogawa
Thank you for the explanation of the Band Gap.
Love clicking on a video and seeing work from my college. Thanks for bringing more light to this topic!
we have been hearing these things for over 10 years and we have not seen anything on the ground
Current GPUs have 10 billion plus transistors in 4nm process. Creating a single working graphene transistor is a very long way from a graphen based CPU or GPU. 10-11 orders of magnitude of manufacturing complexity and in the meantime silicon based designs would have moved to 2nm or smaller process with well over 100 billion transistors.
Great episode! Thanks for highlighting this breakthrough!
Terraherz instead of Gigaherz, so your phone is 5x as fast. Strange calculation
No it's not, your chip CYCLES 1000 times faster BUT your OS, UI, display, etc.... ARE NOT.....
Simply put, you have 100cc engine and 1000cc engine, in theory the latter is 10 times more powerful, but IS IT FASTER? No, if 100cc is on a bike and 1000cc is on a car.
Even cheap phones are at 2GHz, so 10GHz = 1THz to him
ColdFusion can you please give credit to the other university that collaborated with georgia tech to do this. You forgot to put Tianjin University in collaboration. GIve credit where credit is due please
Xiao ni ma 😂
The small band gap implies low operating voltage, as well as possible sensitivity to temperature. I think they will be able to tune the band gap by controlling how long the initial "baking" step is.
Leakage has always been the issue with graphene, also that transistors are larger than what we can do with silicon but graphene is indeed fast. If they really have figured out a way to have reasonable leakage, such that it doesn't destroy SNR, there are some inmediate applications even if it is electrically inefficient: Ultra fast analog to digital conversion, fast enough for direct sampling of light with nano antennas and that could make fiber optics orders of magnitude faster and could also have big implications for astronomy (software interferometry with light).
I'm a simple guy, I see Dagogo's post. I watch. Straight up
Me too ❤
Lol, I'm not a bot.
You are simple
@J31 it's not that deep
As Elon said it ,"prototype is easy but mass production is Hard.
Luckily Elon musk cannot be mass produced 😂
Prototyping isn’t easy
Look into the absolute fascination story of LED lights and how long it took to research full spectrum.
I am not very optimistic that we will get graphene semiconductors anytime soon, but it is amazing to think about how much discovery is still ahead of us.
Back in the 1970's I worked in mining exploration in northern Canada. We did geophysical surveys over potential orebodies deep in the rock of the Canadian shield. Then, having delineated the shape of the underground conductor, the diamond drillers would punch a hole in the rock to get a sample of the ore. We could take a wild guess at what we had found but were never sure until the diamond core was examined. Then, with pent up breath, and honest anticipation we would find out that all we had found, was friggin' graphite! Black crap! Who needs that? We slogged around that heavy geophysical gear and endured the bugs of summer or the cold of winter, only to find graphite? Who's ever going to need pure carbon? Lead, zinc, copper...anything but carbon graphite! Curses! On to the next conductor.
But now? Graphite is used in golf clubs and electronics. Graphene holds promise, after promise, after promise...and okay, it never delivers, but I can attest to the fact that there's a lot of it in the ground, heck, I found it. That cursed black muck!
Looks like there was hiccup in CZcams again. I got unsubscribed. So everybody make sure you are still subscribed. YT's system is so odd sometimes.
Lol, my gaming laptop last for the length of a movie, then it needs to be charged. It's utterly useless without consistent power.
Gaming and laptop, do not go together.
My thin and light feels like it needs constant power as well. I’m ready for x86 to move out the door on anything portable man, it’s embarrassing how much better apples battery life is these days. I started using my iPad for almost everything in school because I can go days without charging it
@@JJ3nkins89 it's not 2010 anymore. we're in 2024. state of the art laptops exist for gaming. they got no excuse.
@@miguelmejia4656 They are made to be compact versus PC, they will ALWAYS be less than something larger with more airflow for cooling. End of story. Laptop improve, so do PC at the same time.
Current "leakage" is less of an issue for low-power chips, which graphene chips would be at first, thanks to its efficiency. Things like backside power (i.e. PowerVIA) and RibbonFET may further help with that and enable high-power chips as well.
CMOS was a radical departure from TTL and earlier technologies, giving us vastly more power-efficient ICs, so not everything stayed static for the past 70 years
Sounds neat, but big skepticism until I see a commercial product.
My PhD studying electrical properties of graphene convinced me that it will never move beyond an academic curiosity. It’s totally impractical to work with even when you move beyond the exfoliated flake method.
Humanity accepts your challenge
many PhD were wrong anyway....only the class A PhD changed the world
Well if you, a PhD says that, then case is closed. We now know it will never happen. We must tell rest of the world.
Thank you for this.
Dunno why so many armchair scientists/engineers are hating. If you don’t have experience in the field, it’s not very straightforward to make a determination about how easy it is to process this material into useable, consistently-behaving, scaleable devices that do anything better than today’s technology. The number of papers making bold claims about the potential practical applications of the authors’ graphene research that only lead to an interesting study, far outweighs the number of papers that actually did deliver something beyond pure research. At the end of the day it’s just my opinion, but it is at least grounded in actual experience processing graphene into devices. So as cool as it would be for graphene to deliver on some of the things its been claimed to be able to do, I’ll believe it when I see it. It was discovered 20 years ago and we’re still waiting for it to impact society.
My phone or laptop have huge difference (at least 2x maybe 3x)in battery life depending on screen brightness. So at max brightness 50% or more of energy is consumed by screen illumination. CPU is not the only part that consumes electricity, RAM, SSD consume some electricity too.
Yes most of the comments here are basically all saying the same thing. And the main reason we still haven’t gotten it, is because we can produce these materials in small scales. Mass manufacturing really is difficult.
gaslight, gatekeep, graphene
Computing really needs to take a chill pill!!!
Small band gap isn’t necessarily a problem, you just run lower core voltages, so long as you can make the FETs turn on at those voltages.
I love this hopeful video! Thanks so much for enlightening me! ❤
This chip actually came from the future and found in 1984. It was smashed and no longer functioning. We were able to reverse engineer it.
Just to note with the whole "this chip will be able to run faster and cooler".
Technically yes, but technically, we've been able to do that for decades now.
The thing is once we do find ways to run things cooler/more efficiently, we run them faster and faster, pushing the limits until they heat up again.
Then it's time for the next race for the material/technique that will be able to compute without require cooling.
I'm pleased to see how many folks on this comment section know what time it is. Cold Fusion and many of these other technology channels pump out a lot of hype around technologies that are nowhere near to yielding practical mass produced products. That algorithm needs content.
Dont underestimate the capability of the semiconductor industry to switch gears when necessary, it's like a spacerace. But it requires the technology to be sufficiently far derisked to make the jump.
they wanted to let a Chinese corporation build a graphene plant on one of our most biodiverse estuaries in Pass Manchac at the mouth of Lake Maurepas in Louisiana. The community rallied to stop it from happening because these plants are known to spew tons of pollution and blanket the surrounding areas in graphite/graphene dust which, as it turns out, is very bad to breathe. Nearly every local grew up fishing and eating out of the water there. After decades of work getting the water cleaned up from mercury and other types of contamination this is what our government wants to serve up to us with the unraveling of regulatory authority by big business interests’ reach into every corner of American politics.
The semiconducting graphene always needs bulk layer of wide bandgap material, i.e. silicone carbide beneath it. Roughly speaking, graphene gets its wide bangap from underlying material which has it even wider. Given the fact how multilayered the present integrated circuits are there is still big chalenge in how some monolayer sandwich can be translated into functional multilayers.
Boss: $20 for anyone that can make graphene semiconductors. Awesome Scientist: Grabs $20 and says, "hold my beer"!!
thank you for all the work and the great content you are offering!
I've been hearing about a breakthrough in battery technology for 20 years. And graphene for 10 years and we're still dealing with the same battery technology.