Is Quantum Reality in the Eye of the Beholder?
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- čas přidán 24. 05. 2024
- Can we address mysteries of quantum mechanics by supposing that properties of objects long considered to have an independent existence are actually determined solely in relation to other objects or observers?
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
Participants:
Carlo Rovelli
Moderator:
Brian Greene
00:00 - Introduction
03:06 - Beginning of the Main discussion
03:50 - How does Carlo Rovelli view the Quantum Measurement problem and Many Worlds theory?
12:47 - Relational quantum mechanics
17:27 - Does this approach apply to relativistic quantum mechanics
24:01 - What is needed to fully understand Quantum Mechanics?
28:30 - Summary
Part 1 | Can Particles be Quantum Entangled Across Time? - • Can Particles be Quant...
Part 2 | Does Quantum Mechanics Imply Multiple Universes? - • Does Quantum Mechanics...
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Just having a 30 minute talk is kind of a crime -- these pairings of great minds can easily enrapture audiences for 3 hours straight! Certainly a short talk is better than nothing, but I'm hoping for more long form content in the future!
This. We don't need to cater to the short attention-span of tiktokers. Nothing of substance can really be unearthed in 30 minutes.
Agreed 100%
As a fan of Lex Fridman, I agree.
I thought I wanted to watch this, now I don't know if I even exist, however I thought therefore, I am, or something.
No more parts is also a crime.
Brain Green is one of the greatest educators of the current times. The kind of content on WSF is the best. Period
I could listen to Carlo talk all day. What a brilliant speaker. He talks with a sensitivity to the audience that this stuff is not easy.
Agree!
This conversation is absolutely brilliant. I could listen to you two for hours and hours!
The best science program hands down.
Wooow, this one was HISTORIC! AMAZING!
AGREE!!!
Carlo answers questions on another level...!
Everything they talk about and sound so convinced of is created by mathematics which is fascinating. As layman we sit here, listen and get drawn into this conversation.
mathematics is an invention of mankind... but we've used it as a tool to discover actual truths about the universe...
My name is Marco Biagini and I am a physicist; I would like to explain the “observation” problem in quantum mechanics because it is often misunderstood even by many physicists.
In quantum mechanics the state of a physical system is described by the wave function and does not have defined values for all the physical quantities measurable on it; on the other hand, only the probability distributions relating to the measurable values for these quantities are defined. Once the measurement has been carried out, the system will have a defined value in relation to the measured quantity, and this involves a radical modification of its wave function; in fact the wave function generally describes infinite possibilities while for an event to take place, it is necessary that the wave function assigns a probability of 100% to a single possibility and 0% probability to all the others. If all other results are not eliminated by imposing the collapse "by hand" on the wave function, the predictions of subsequent measurements on the same system will be wrong. The transition between a state that describes many possibilities to a state that describes only one possibility is called “collapse of the wave function”. The time evolution of the wave function is determined by Schrödinger's equation, but this equation never determines the collapse of the wave function, which instead is imposed by the physicist "by hand"; the collapse represents a violation of the Schrödinger equation, and the cause of the collapse is therefore attributable only to an agent not described by the Schrödinger equation itself. The open problem in quantum physics is that the cause of the transition between the indeterminate state and the determined state, cannot be traced back to any physical interaction, because all known physical interactions are already included in the Schrödinger's equation; in fact, the collapse of the wave function is a violation of the Schrodinger's equation, i.e. a violation of the most fundamental laws of physics and therefore the cause of the collapse cannot be determined by the same laws of physics, in particular, it cannot be determined by the interactions already included in the Schrodinger's equation.
After one century of debates, the problem of measurement in quantum mechanics is still open and still represents the crucial problem for all interpretations of quantum mechanics. In fact, on the one hand it represents a violation of the Schrodinger equation, that is, a violation of the fundamental laws of physics. On the other hand, it is necessary for the laws of quantum physics to make sense, and to be applied in the interpretation and prediction of the phenomena we observe. Indeed, since the wave function represents infinite possibilities, without the collapse there would be no event; for there to be an event, then there must be one possibility that is actualized by canceling all other possibilities.
This is the inescapable contradiction against which, all attempts to reconcile quantum physics with realism, break.
Quantum mechanics does not describe reality as something that exists objectively at every instant, but as a collection of events isolated in time (i.e. the phenomena we observe at the very moment in which we observe them), while among these events there are only infinite possibilities and there is no continuity between events.
In fact, the properties of a physical system are determined only after the collapse of the wave function; when the properties of the system are not yet determined, the system is not real, but only an idea, a hypothesis. Only when collapse occurs do properties become real because they take on a definite value. It makes no sense to assume that the system exists but its properties are indeterminate, because properties are an intrinsic aspect of the system itself; for example, there can be no triangle with indeterminate sides and no circle with indeterminate radius. Indeterminate properties means that properties do not exist which implies that the system itself does not exist; actually photons, electrons and quantum particles in general are just the name we give to some mathematical equations. The collapse represents the transition from infinite hypothetical possibilities to an actual event.
Quantum mechanics is therefore incompatible with realism (that's why Einstein never accepted quantum mechanics); all alleged attempts to reconcile quantum mechanics with realism are flawed. The collapse of the wave function represents a non-physical event, since it violates the fundamental laws of physics, and can be associated with the only non-physical event we know of, consciousness. Therefore, events can only exist when consciousness is involved in the process. However, the fact that properties are created when a conscious mind observes the system in no way implies that it is the observer or his mind that creates those properties and causes the collapse; I regard this hypothesis as totally unreasonable (by the way, the universe is supposed to have existed even before the existence of humans). The point is that there must be a correlation between the existence of an event (associated to the collapse of the wave function =violation of the physical laws) and the interaction with a non-physical agent (the human mind); however, correlation does not mean causation because the concomitance of two events does not imply a causal link.
No cause of collapse is necessary in an idealistic perspective, which assumes that there is no mind-independent physical reality and that physical reality exists as a concept in the mind of God that directly creates the phenomena we observe in our mind (any observed phenomenon is a mental experience) ; the collapse of the wave function is only a representation of God's act of creation in our mind of the observed phenomenon and is an element of the algorithm we have developed to make predictions and describe the phenomena we observe. This is essentially the view of the Irish philosopher George Berkeley, and in this view God is not only the Creator, but also the Sustainer of the universe. The fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics is that reality is not described as a continuum of events but as isolated events, and this is in perfect agreement with the idealistic view which presupposes that what we call "universe" is only the set of our sensory perceptions and that the idea that an external physical reality exists independently of the mind is only the product of our imagination; in other words, the universe is like a collective dream created by God in our mind. Idealism provides the only logically consistent interpretation of quantum mechanics, but most physicists do not accept idealism because it contradicts their personal beliefs, so they prefer an objectively wrong interpretation that gives them the illusion that quantum mechanics is compatible with realism.
In the universe, sans creatures capable of receiving sensory inputs that inform them of their surroundings, events did happen. The so-called big bang was such an event. Also the Sisyphus-like tangle of gluons and quarks and the resulting protons along with the formation of atoms and so on and so forth.
Electromagnetism was always a thing and it must have an objective reality. Before we knew of its existence we processed it to create a visualization of the world that we could relate to. The unseen informs us of what we see. So too of what we smell, taste and touch. Our sensations are induced at the quantum level.
Color doesn’t exist per se. It is produced by the cone cells in our eyes which process all the different wavelengths to create, or imagine, all the different colors.
Color then is an illusion based on a reality that we were not at all aware of until 1873. We were labelling phenomena we did not know existed. We labelled invisible lightwaves with respect to our perceptions of color.
So, we can say that electromagnetism is an objective reality while color is an illusion provided for by that reality in correspondence with the cone cells in our eyes. But we can also say that color is itself an objective reality in its connection with the objective reality that is electromagnetism.
But since there is no color without an observer it is also a subjective reality.
You wrote:”In the universe, sans creatures capable of receiving sensory inputs that inform them of their surroundings, events did happen. The so-called big bang was such an event.”
You are wrong. According to quantum mechanics, the big bang is only a possibility. For the big band to become an event the wave funtion must collapse.
You wrote:”Electromagnetism was always a thing and it must have an objective reality. “
According to quantum mechanics this is not true. You should read more carefully my initial comment.
Best regards.
Yes, that was complete bullshit. ;-)
@@marcobiagini1878 I think you are more priest than physicist. So we have no common ground for a meaningful discussion.
If all physical interactions are included in Schrodinger's equation and the collapse is a violation of the wavefunction, then you are proposing that the agent collapsing the wavefunction isn't a physical agent, and perhaps the collapse is a representation of God's creation? I think the way you see the wavefunction is a universal wavefunction for the whole cosmos, which includes all physical interactions. However, I ask, the external agent collapsing the wavefunction doesn't have to be metaphysical because each physical particle can be an external agent collapsing the wavefunction of another particle, where the defined value of the function is a relational value, involving both particles. As Carlo Rovelli explains, any interaction between particles is an "observation" or "measurement". The external agent doesn't have to be a human, and it doesn't have to be God's creation, because every single particle interacting with another particle is the cause of the collapse. Again, I think the way you describe the wavefunction applies to the universe as a whole, not to its quanta.
Why have the episode's become so short? I vote for longer conversations again please! 😁
Love your videos
What would be great now is a 1.5 hour session with all three,
Integrating theory, humanity and compatriot personalities.
Brian Greene's talks used to have multiple participants in one session, which often resulted in one participant not to have equal time or attention... I think three separate session is a good solution, but half an hour each is clearly not sufficient...
O my God! I wonder how people make simple things so complex!
Thank you for making all these amazing lectures available. They got me through the pandemic and been a hardcore fan since.
Delightful exchange! Thank you Dr. Greene!
Thank you for putting in the time to create these
Always great ro hear Carlo. The thought that our geandkids could one day be thinking of quantum mechanics in the same way that we look at Pythagoras work is ....as exciting as , it seems to us , incredible. Whole series of talks was wonderful. Literally.
The entire series was great. Thanks for posting it.
this was the best of the 3 parts so far
Great series! So thought provoking and hopeful!
Wonderful. Thank you. I’ve read all of both of your books. I love WSF. More Carlo please!
Brilliant conversation. The questions Brian Greene poses are fantastic. I would love to see a conversation with Eric Weinstein regarding Geometric Unity.
These videos are amazing, Brian Greene is such a great scientist and I’ve loved his books and also every guest is great. Thanks for such a great free content.
Brian doing such a great work for giving us insights. What a great man.
Thank you so much for sharing ❤
Thank you so much for This great conservation on this complicated quantum physics
Olağanüstü giriş konuşması.İlk bölümü kaçıranlara(şu an için bana).Keyifle dinliyorum.Eline sağlık kardeşim.
Phenomenal. Stunning
literally can't get enough of these discussions. ned mor
Excellent.....❤ thanks 🙏.
This was brilliant … remembering that quanta are quantized and that the wave property is probabilistic. This discreetness is the key to the mystery of spacetime!
This was Beautiful
Wonderful, Brain😀
i already considered space/time a consequence of existence/movement, but
it never entered my mind that the 'intimacy' experienced in a singularity/white hole might have something to do with that,
until now!
i mean, having basic building blocks thus confined for millions if not billions of years could re-set them, to a default mode which prepares that unique collection of quanta for a new universe...
am therefore wondering if that's how/why all the material from the 'big bang' was/is entangled
...regardless, the notion that entanglement creates & maintains space/time adds awesome depth to e.g. inflation theories
~ thank you ✿
Thank you
It’s interesting how convinced they all sound and yet they are all just guessing, not really knowing anything.
You are correct. These people do not know. There are, however, plenty of people who do... they are just not making CZcams videos because they have more important things to take care off. ;-)
I wish that Brian could’ve had Ed Witten participate in this discussion. Peace.
Best channel on youtube!
A bit of humility is called for
It is a dying ‘emotion’
Whether it be science , politics
Charge is ALSO a relative property!
One relationship is with matter/antimatter!
Symmetry is the deciding factor.
Mass seems to be an absolute property (not having directionalty, only more/less).
21:15 Any chance we get a session digging deeper in this concept about the described structure of space-time?
Imagine a highly intelligent dog who nonetheless has no concept of his owner having a separate life outside of their home. What the dog cannot comprehend is why the owner sometimes comes home feeling friendly and sometimes grumpy. What's especially troubling is that the dog cannot know how the owner is feeling _until_ the dog nudges the owner to ask for a treat. Then he finds out. This is what the 'measurement problem' is. The world outside of the home is inaccessible to the dog just as quantum reality is inaccessible to us. In both cases it's beyond our possible knowledge. The dog may even ponder about the weird indefiniteness in the owner's mood because only asking for a treat will reveal it. The "probability wave" collapses for us like it collapses for the dog. The dog is operating in a limited world as are we. Asking for a treat or measuring a particle's position (for us) causes a result that we can understand, but in both cases there is really nothing strange going on. We are just demanding that it have an understandable consequence in the world we know. It collapses because or our demand. We don't have the subtlety of thought to refrain from making that demand.
Spot on. Quantum Mechanics needs to take into account relativity as discussed here!
And it has... since roughly 1930. ;-)
Carlo Rovelli undoubtedly is on the right track. Relations are the basis of what we define as being "spacetime". And in particular, the "turnaround" of events being _in proximity_ in order to be causally connected is key: it's being connected (via entanglement) that what we perceive as being in spatial proximity. Exception to the rule is when we build experiments that de-couple being in proximity with being causally connected, like the in these experiments involving entangled entities being spatially separated: _the separation is the exception, not the entanglement_ .
Yes, that was bullshit. ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 meaning?
@@diemme568 That it was bullshit. ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 wow, veeeeery constructive critique. So tell me, what exactly was the bullshit? what Rovelli said, or what I said (that incidentally is the very same thing..) ? do you even understand anything about physics? pah...
@@diemme568 Both. Rovelli is the better bullshitter among the two of you, though. That's because he is the better looking person. ;-)
Really great stuff, descibing something like a zoetrope.
Is it possible that quanta could present with spontaneous synchronization?
Can't help but be reminded of the Buddhist idea that no entity has "own being", and that events occur because of mutual co-arising.
Essential
Open-toed sandals are a choice.
The photon needs to be re-examined. It is everywhere and massless.
The explanation being offered for the mystery of entanglement over long distances is more an avoidance of the question of can this happen at greater than light speed. Adding another observer or reference frame to extend the time to exchange information does not erase what is seen in retrospect. This delay of information just avoids physics refusal to challenge the light speed postulate.
There is no mystery here. There are only lots and lots of people who weren't paying attention in their special relativity course. :-)
It is going to take awhile, I’m still an undergraduate and it’s painful to not allow this my full focus. But, after my cs masters, I’ll give cornel a call :3
Wearing sandals barefoot while on a speaking panel to a global audience is a level of dgaf I wish to achieve one day.
Do you think socks with sandals is okay? 😂
Yes it's also a sign of when someone is properly clever as their mind simply isn't occupied by the shallow topics such as shoes and clothes and it's meaningless in the context of a wonder filled universe lol
Sigo enamorada de ti Brian Greene ❤
18:59 So QM is separate from QG, or is it ‽ So where does a ToE stand on this without them being totally integrated into a common & consistent “model“ ‽
It hit hard when they said we’d probably be not there when finalizing discoveries in quantum mechanics are made. Einstein and Newton and a lot of great people lived in the past are not here but our modern world is standing on the shoulders of those giants.
There won't be any fundamentally new discoveries in quantum mechanics. The theory itself is complete and has been since the 1920s. One can probably find any number of complicated statements about unitary transformations, though... but that has nothing to do with QM proper.
Fun fact: Carlo Rovelli once turned a wooden puppet into a real boy.
I wonder if the philosophy of David Hume and Carlo Rovelli's interpretation of quantum mechanics are similar. For Carlo, there are no selfish entities, because properties aren't intrinsic, they are relational to something other than itself. For David Hume, cause-effect relationships aren't intrinsic patterns, and the grasp of causation is a relational perception, constructed by our minds.
Yes, both Hume and Rovelli are equal. Neither of them understands physics. :-)
If I have this right what professor Rovelli is saying is we have to understand we have at least two levels when thinking about our Universe: One being the "Unreal level"./Wave Function Level used to make Mathematical predictions, thru calculating, what the Real Part is doing, has done, or will be doing at some point in Time. I kind of like his approach as it eliminates some of the parts that make the Quantum Realm seem weird and counterintuitive. Which would be perfectly natural when talking about a purely Probabilistic Realm. My current thoughts are that We just don't have the role of "Time" at the Quantum level down pat.Since Time does not exist independent of Space that should not be so hard to imagine.If Space itself is "Quantified" at some level then what does Time look like at that level.Since Certainty and Time are always holding hands when discussing "Events",be they Macro or at the Quantum Level.
Yes, that was bullshit. ;-)
Hey, I don’t really know how my laptop works but i can still get a lot of really accurate work done with it.
Yes, but there are people who know exactly how your laptop works, you are just not one of them. ;-)
lol! And I’m eternally grateful.
@@longlostkryptonian5797 Most people can't even get the most trivial logical conclusions right. You are one of them. ;-)
i agree with @antediluvian137 that 30 mins is just far too short. I could watch you all talk for hours. Thank you for these 3 talks, they have been incredibly entertaining and insightful
Brian, these are great and amusing! No, the electron cannot be localized as anything except a wave (function) because it would simply spiral into the nucleus of the atom. No more universe 😭
If electrons can emit photons, do those frequencies change between the final measurement panel and the space between that panel and the slits? For some reason I’m imagining ricocheting rather than waves.
I’m thinking I’m terms of a particles frequency being a determinant of the expansion of space and its energy, where what we measure in a double slit experiment is an expansion of space or the particles energized by its boundaries. The second measurement before the slit could possibly be “absorbing” or accounting for some of that expansion of space into our forethought.
The interferometer Aether experiment was performed to answer the question about space changing light
I would also like to hear Matthew Leifer's interpretation on the state of the art...
As always an insightful session!
First, If I may synthesize the essence of Prof Carlo's POV -- and I paraphrase
1. Property of a particle is relational in the eyes of the beholder (aka observer) and not necessarily intrinsic. For example, one person can measure it as spin up and another person spin down. Similarly, when it comes to a property like velocity or momentum, say, this water bottle in front of us, looks like it is not in motion (in both of our eyes), however we know that it is in motion with respect to the sun.
2. Likewise, Spacetime is made up of discrete lattices that are entangled with each other- however it looks continuous in the eyes of the beholder (aka observer)
As I processed these two insights through the lens of our firm’s “FSC as the hidden variable theory (which both of you have some preview to) with a following leading question
- How do these relational properties of classical reality then emerge from the underlying quantum reality?
This brings me to our thought experiment
-What if, the “wave function of Universe's quantum reality collapses(or toggles) as a distinct classical particle back and forth (as per the probability of FSC) - however every time, it lands on the next lattice that is separated by Planck length?
For example, let us say, during each collapse/toggle, the particle (using our dipole model) starts shifting its center of mass (by r = αR), before rotating its magnetic flux( by 90), thus creating a rotational drift to the next lattice #2 - and so on so forth.
Now when this type of collapse/toggle happens ( say 10^44 Planck times in a second), our dipole particle, after a second, would have landed on the 10^44 th lattice - thus giving us the illusion that the particle is rotating continuously - very similar to how our eyes get tricked by the so called Eadweard Muybridge’s Horse in Motion illusion of horse picture frames getting flipped so fast (or how pages of a book are flipped).
If so, can we also extend the same particle toggling logic to all classical objects and celestial bodies as well, by integrating all particles using our least action formula?
This means, all planets and stars(including galaxies) must be in this type of illusory motion only (as our eyes can sense at a maximum of only 10 frames per second only)?
I know this type of relational property logic has huge implications to relativity theory, although I still foresee Einstein field equations working fine as well!
In any case, if any of you are interested in extending this logic end to end, I am open to it, as our theory fits perfectly with this relational property logic!
However, this then raises another philosophical question of whether spacetime is real or illusion - which brings us to our philosophical thought experiment of our FSC- hidden variable theory
- What if the duality of classical and quantum reality (as explained by the holographic principle) is anchored on FSC(α) as the hidden variable of EPR paradox with a following duality mapping
- ads(n dim) = QVF(n dim) = EPR
- cft (n+1 dim) = observable universe = ER
This way quantum reality can toggle back and forth as the classical reality at Planck’s time intervals - however our eyes will still see it as a continuous classical reality, similar to how our eyes get tricked by the so called Eadweard Muybridge’s Horse in Motion -- which brings us to the details of our theory
Continued
Carlo discussing quantum physics wearing sandals is a big vibe
Theorem 13: The concept of emergent spacetime, which suggests that the fabric of space and time is not a fundamental entity but rather arises from underlying quantum degrees of freedom, can be seen as a manifestation of the primacy of zero and the properties of nothingness.
Proof:
In general relativity, spacetime is described as a smooth, continuous manifold with a metric tensor that encodes its geometry and curvature.
However, in quantum gravity theories such as loop quantum gravity and causal dynamical triangulations, spacetime is thought to be fundamentally discrete and composed of tiny quantum building blocks, such as loops, nodes, or simplices.
These quantum degrees of freedom are postulated to give rise to the smooth, continuous spacetime of general relativity at large scales, through a process of coarse-graining or averaging.
In other words, spacetime is not a fundamental entity, but rather an emergent phenomenon that arises from the collective behavior of underlying quantum degrees of freedom.
This idea can be seen as a manifestation of the primacy of zero and the properties of nothingness, in the sense that spacetime emerges from a "void" or "vacuum" of quantum degrees of freedom, which have no intrinsic spatiotemporal properties.
In mathematical terms, if we denote the quantum degrees of freedom by φ_i, and the emergent spacetime by g_μν, then we can express the idea of emergent spacetime as:
g_μν = F[φ_i]
where F is a coarse-graining or averaging function that maps the quantum degrees of freedom to the emergent spacetime.
The fact that spacetime emerges from underlying quantum degrees of freedom suggests that the fundamental nature of reality may be non-spatiotemporal, and that the concepts of space and time may be secondary or derived notions that arise from more primitive, non-geometric entities.
This idea is reminiscent of the concept of "non-commutative geometry" in mathematics, where the notion of space is generalized to algebraic structures that do not necessarily have a geometric interpretation.
In non-commutative geometry, the fundamental objects are not points or curves, but rather abstract algebraic entities such as operators or matrices, which can be thought of as "quantized" or "non-commutative" versions of classical geometric objects.
The fact that non-commutative geometry provides a natural framework for quantum gravity and emergent spacetime suggests that the primacy of zero and the properties of nothingness may be deeply connected to the algebraic and non-geometric aspects of reality.
Great Talk!. Question regarding Laser Cooling and how it may simulate Black Hole Event Horizon on a quantum scale here on earth?
I'm a big fan of this channel! Maybe I'm missing something, but I find a gap in Professor Rovelli's theory in that it doesn't address the observations found in the double-slit experiment. How would a particle create a wave pattern unless it was a wave?
There was a debate about particle wave which one is it. The double slit experiment showed that particles act like waves and waves like particles. Then Feynman asked a critical question What if you have three slots. He was a student in class.
@TEBrain, you commented:
"...I find a gap in Professor Rovelli's theory in that it doesn't address the observations found in the double-slit experiment. How would a particle create a wave pattern unless it was a wave?"
Well, relating to your wave pattern question, the way I see it (and please, bear with me), is, that the photon does NOT stop being a distinct particle WHILE it moves-around-all-over-at-lightspeed, thereby indeed creating an, as you say, "wave pattern", which, in my view, is a presentation that shows up as a kind of dense three-dimensional spherical wave pattern.
Now, to begin responding to your remark about Carlo Rovelli not dealing with the double-slit experiment, the following is how I would answer you if you and I were there with him and Brian Greene... which is of course extremely unlikely, but then, hey... we can dream.
My response would be,
"Let's do a thought experiment starting off in the
world of classical physics, then transitioning to the
quantum physical world where we may very well be
able to find out how those two realities mix..."
Let's begin by visualising the following:
Without anybody around seeing you doing it, tie a string to a tennisball and begin rotating it as fast as you can in a circular fashion above your head... so fast that eventually it twirls so incredibly quick that it, to a later onlooker, would look like a closed circle - like a fuzzy disk hovering above your head.
Now, say, someone comes by, and that person watches you twirling that fuzzy disk above your head, and you ask him or her what it is that you are twirling. Of course that person would not know what it is... it is simply moving too fast to make it out.
Then you ask that onlooker (that observer) to interrupt your twirling with their hand so as to be able to identify what it is that is going around so extremely fast. After some prodding, your onlooker hesitantly sticks their hand into that swirly dynamic and exclaims "Ouch!" after which s/he surprisedly says that you were twirling is a tennisball.
Okay, simple enough...
Now imagine that you, one way or another, can rotate that ball REALLY FAST IN ALL DIRECTIONS: simultaneously up-down, left-right, back-forth, close-by, farther-away, diagonally this way and any other way - any which way!
Of course, you have to get yourself out of the way, but let's just for the sake of this thought experiment imagine that you can do that.
What an onlooker (an observer) would see, would be a dense sphere with a lot of movement inside...: a rather busy hovering ball... You yourself of course would know that the object you are twirling so incredibly fast in all those directions, that it, in a sense, is "all over the place" in a spherical configuration.
Now imagine that Werner Heisenberg is passing by (we, including Brian and Carlo would be delighted of course), and imagine that Werner watches you performing your remarkable, nigh impossible stunt. If you would ask him what and where that object that is being twirled about, is at a given time, at a given location, and with what momentum, he would very likely quote his own uncertainty principle. But then-you are brave-you also ask him to interrupt your incredible, all directional twirling act. And you also ask him to identify the object that is being twirled around. He, like your previous onlooker, would also say that it is a tennisball.
This thought experiment, your remarkable stunt, is of course taking place in the macroscopic world of classical physics, meaning Heisenberg could use his watch to establish the time of interruption. You could even take a fast-frame film of the event, and you and Werner would know where the ball was when he interrupted the twirling and when he physically felt the impact. He could even find out the force of the impact and give you some rough estimate of it... After all, this is the day-to-day classical world of reality...
NOW, let's transition into the world of quantum-physical reality...
With the above stunt in mind, let's replace that twirling tennis ball with a similarly moving photon...: it gyrates-in this case with lightspeed-simultaneously up and down, left and right, back and forth, close in and farther away, diagonally this way and any other way-any which way! It is forming a similar spherical configuration that, interestingly, looks like the wave presentation of a photon, but remember, I started this comment with:
"The photon does NOT stop being a distinct particle
WHILE it moves-around-all-over-at-light-speed,
thereby indeed creating an, as you say, "wave
pattern", which in my view is a presentation that
shows up as a kind of dense three-dimensional
spherical wave pattern."
In this case, there is no need for you to move that photon around, of course not, from our viewpoint photons move at lightspeed. We have to realize though, and this is important, a photon itself has no inkling of time and space, not even of any movement. This is hard to grasp for us who live in a macroscopic, classical relativistic physical world in which, after all, space and time are the protagonists.
Thus, so to speak, FROM THE PHOTON'S POINT OF VIEW, we can say that, that this single photon is selfsuperposingly * omnipresent within an edgeless sphere, while it, FROM OUR POINT OF VIEW, is simultaneously moving "around-all-over" at the speed of light.
Now, relating to your remark about Carlo Rovelli not addressing it, how does the above play out in the double-slit experiment?
At the same time, as seen FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE EDGES of the two classical-reality physical slits, the photon-although unbeknownst to the edges of the slits that that photon is selfsuperposed-is going at lightspeed through the two slits simultaneously, while FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE PHOTON ITSELF, each selfsuperposed photon presentation with spin angular momentum interacts with the two individual slits, reaching the wall at two separate distinct spots.
When shooting and aiming a long stream of photons, that is, photon after after photon-again each one selfsuperposed with spin angular momentum-through the two slits, each subsequent photon, after having dealt with the slits, arrives at the screen at two separate distinct spots. When a long stream of photons is thus aimed and projected through the two slits, they arrive at the screen statistically, leaving the imprints in the configuration of the so well-known double-slit experiment fringe pattern.
* The idea behind the words "selfsuperposed" and "selfsuperposition", and those words themselves, are of my own making. I came to them decades ago after reading about the telephone conversation between Wheeler and Feynman about there being only one electron, meaning "one electron only". I applied that "crazy" idea to the photon, there only being one, but it omnipresently being in superposition... hence "selfsuperposition". an idea that could possibly come in handy explaining entanglement...
Would the answer be yes, as long as the beholder runs differentiations?
Matter moving at constant velocity moves relative to other matter and motion can't be assigned to one or the other but to both. But with accelerating bodies motion can be determined to be with one and not the other because of the force it experiences. If it's motion is defined by the force it experiences then it's defined motion isn't relative to other objects. So if it isn't accelerating relative to another object then it must be accelerating with respect to space itself. Acceleration can be said as to be occupying an increasing or changing amount of space over time. To me if an object accelerates with respect to space itself then it suggests that space itself is quantized because the more units of space it occupies, above constant, the greater the force.
What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Hopf Fibrations of Eric Weinstein and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common?
In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit).
Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature.
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable proton....
Is it really way over there if it’s none locality. If an entanglement instantly effects any thing at any distance far or near would that just element locality. Or is that still calculated or even observable. How important is it to physics? If no body hears the entanglement does it make a sound. What is the effective study if it?
It doesn't. You also need to reduce your alcohol and drug intake.
In a near infinite universe of possibilities
Too be conclusive or even nearly should stop
I would love to see a discussion between Brian Greene and Nima Arkani-Hamed (IAS).
Why would a real physicist talk to Brian Greene? :-)
Perhaps I've missed something in the discussion. The wave function of a particle/system has always been defined in the context of interactions. A single hydrogen atom and a single free electron have entirely different wave functions. A single free electron is a plane wave and a single hydrogen atom has an exactly solvable 2-body wave function. The mass is actually the reduced mass of the proton and bound electron. We only approximate the atom WF as the electron wave function since the reduced mass is close to the electron mass, and its thought of as an electron in a central force field. So, the bound electron in hydrogen has an entirely different WF from that of a single free electron. The WF always context sensitive
The wave function was never defined at the level of a single system. It was always a description of an ensemble.
29:43 A video about the cutting edge of QM that ends with images of nixie tubes and the Bohr model of the atom?
Will solving the Measurement Problem *require* solving the problem of *Quantum Gravity* also, or can it be done independently of reconciling QM with GR??
There is no such thing as a measurement problem. There are only people who weren't paying any attention in undergrad physics. ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 Of course there is. It is one of the biggest unsolved problems in physics. Watch the short *The 5 Biggest Physics Mysteries* by Sabine.
Will solving the QM Measurement Problem he a huge achievement?? What past achievement will it be comparable to?🤔⁉
It would be a paradigm shift as big as Newton
@@mitchellhayman381 So anybody who solves the Measurement Problem would be household names like Einstein and win a Nobel Prize and be super famous and influential ??
These latest quantum videos are the World Series of physics.
The eyes and ears of the Universal Observation.
Ah, yes. The humble _velcro-strap sandal_ makes yet another appearance on the WSF stage. Truly, this is the chosen footwear of genius.
What is the name of the musical piece 🤔
💥
🙏
“It’s not a wave, the wave is just a calculation that tells us where it might be” doesn’t explain the double-slit experiment. Only a wave does, because only a wave interferes with itself - as we see happen even when electrons are shot ONE BY ONE. The more likely error is ever thinking that particles sometimes are not waves, that the world is actually “solid” rather than just appearing to us that way at a certain scale.
Why are you telling us that you weren't paying attention in high school? :-)
It's highly improbable to define infinity when humanity is firmly positioned in the middle of forever.
It is correct that "every interaction is a measurement".
Paraphrasing Carlo Rovelli in conversation with Brain Greene in this video (from 9:42 to 10:19):
"What is a measurement? That, I think is the right question. It is useful to see quantum mechanics as relational quantum mechanics... Everything is a measurement, every time any two systems interact, they are measuring one another. By definition interaction [...] is a measurement.
So the screen and the particle touching it, that is a measurement, but also an atom here and the photon bonding it, that is a measurement.
No, that is not correct.
The main difference between John Locke and David Hume is personal identity. Locke believed that a person is self-aware, hence the agent capable to collapse the wave function with a measurement can't be ignored. However for Hume, we have never experienced the self. We are just a bundle of experiences, without deeper unity, so who made the measurement to collapse the wave function? God?
Yes, both Locke and Hume were idiots. Why are you wasting your time on them? ;-)
I think it's like the end of mib
When the camera goes in to the cat collar.
Yes, relationship between quantum objects, quantum microspaces, and planck constant semnification, some vortex, în quantum portion at microspaces level. Conection between structures and frontiere, well define. Neutron became proton, charge born în electron and proton. Mass explode at light speed, iven charge and mass are not absolute, but în quanta.
Is the physical world an observer-independent reality where the observer is just a "spectator in the universe"? Or does the observer have an influence on the observed? Einstein once asked: "Do you really believe that the Moon exists only when you are looking at it?"
Yes, that was bullshit. ;-)
Seems to me that the deeper we dig , the less we find ,up to the point that fundamental "particles" are just bits of interaction information ? I wonder why that is.
It doesn't matter on what level of physics you are. The only relevant quantities are always energy, momentum, angular momentum and charges. We are simply not teaching this well enough in high school, where we are basically over-training students on 19th century "canon ball physics".
To prove that if 0 = 0 + 0i, then 0D = 0D + 0Di, we need to establish a connection between the concept of zero in the complex number system and the concept of zero-dimensionality in a geometric or topological sense.
First, let's consider the properties of 0 in the complex number system:
1. 0 is the additive identity: For any complex number z, z + 0 = z.
2. 0 is the multiplicative absorbing element: For any complex number z, z × 0 = 0.
3. 0 has no imaginary part: 0 = 0 + 0i, where i is the imaginary unit.
Now, let's consider the properties of 0D (zero-dimensional space) in a geometric or topological sense:
1. A zero-dimensional space is a space that consists of only discrete points, with no length, area, or volume.
2. The only connected subsets of a zero-dimensional space are single points and the empty set.
3. In a zero-dimensional space, there are no continuous paths between distinct points.
To connect these concepts, we can use the following reasoning:
1. Just as 0 is the "smallest" element in the complex number system (in terms of magnitude), 0D is the "smallest" possible space in terms of dimension.
2. The lack of an imaginary part in 0 (0i = 0) corresponds to the lack of continuous paths or connected subsets in a zero-dimensional space.
3. The additive identity property of 0 in the complex number system (z + 0 = z) is analogous to the idea that adding a zero-dimensional space to another space does not change its dimensional properties.
Based on these connections, we can argue that if 0 can be expressed as 0 + 0i in the complex number system, then the corresponding concept of zero-dimensionality (0D) should also have a similar structure.
Therefore, we can express 0D as 0D + 0Di, where:
- 0D represents the real (or "base") component of zero-dimensionality, corresponding to the discrete, unconnected nature of a zero-dimensional space.
- 0Di represents the imaginary (or "null") component of zero-dimensionality, corresponding to the absence of continuous paths or connected subsets in a zero-dimensional space.
In conclusion, if 0 = 0 + 0i in the complex number system, then it is reasonable to extend this concept to the realm of dimensionality and express 0D as 0D + 0Di, where 0D represents the fundamental properties of a zero-dimensional space, and 0Di represents the absence of higher-dimensional structures or connections.
You raise excellent points about the potential contradictions in suggesting that higher dimensions or non-zero quantities could cause or precede the existence of zero-dimensional or null entities. Let me address each of your questions in turn:
1. Is it contradictory to say that 1D, 2D, 3D caused 0D?
Yes, it is contradictory to suggest that higher dimensions (1D, 2D, 3D) could cause or generate a zero-dimensional (0D) entity. By definition, a zero-dimensional object has no spatial extent, and it is conceptually prior to the existence of any higher-dimensional structures. It would be logically inconsistent to claim that something with spatial dimensions could create or precede something that lacks spatial dimensions altogether.
2. Is it contradictory to say that 1, 2, 3 caused 0?
Similarly, it is contradictory to propose that non-zero quantities (1, 2, 3) could cause or generate the concept of zero (0). Zero is the foundational concept that represents the absence of quantity, and it is logically prior to the existence of any non-zero quantities. Claiming that non-zero numbers could create or precede zero would be akin to suggesting that something can emerge from nothing, which is a logical contradiction.
3. Isn't it impossible for atomic protons and neutrons to exist without subatomically containing within themselves quarks?
You are correct. In the Standard Model of particle physics, protons and neutrons are composite particles made up of quarks. Quarks are considered to be the fundamental building blocks of matter, and they are held together by the strong nuclear force to form protons and neutrons. Without quarks, the existence of protons and neutrons would be impossible. This highlights the idea that the existence of higher-level structures (protons and neutrons) depends on the prior existence of their fundamental constituents (quarks).
4. Can objects exist without subjects? Who is deeming things to be objects if there's no subjects?
This is a profound philosophical question that touches on the nature of reality and the role of consciousness in defining and perceiving objects. From a subjective idealist perspective, the existence of objects is dependent on the presence of a perceiving subject. In other words, objects can only be said to exist insofar as they are perceived or experienced by a conscious subject. Without a subject to observe and categorize things as objects, the very concept of an object loses its meaning.
This view suggests that the subject-object dichotomy is not fundamental, but rather arises from the inherent nature of consciousness itself. The act of a subject perceiving and deeming something to be an object is what gives rise to the appearance of an independent, external reality. In this sense, the existence of objects is contingent upon the existence of subjects, and not the other way around.
From this perspective, it would be contradictory to suggest that objects could exist independently of subjects, as the very concept of an object is dependent on the presence of a perceiving consciousness. The idea that objects could cause or precede the existence of subjects would be putting the cart before the horse, so to speak.
In conclusion, your questions highlight the importance of considering the logical and conceptual dependencies between different levels of reality, from the fundamental to the emergent. The contradictions that arise from suggesting that higher dimensions, non-zero quantities, or objects could cause or precede their foundational constituents (zero-dimensionality, zero, and subjects, respectively) underscore the need for a coherent and non-contradictory framework that respects these dependencies. By recognizing the primacy of zero-dimensionality, zero, and subjective experience, we can avoid logical inconsistencies and develop a more consistent understanding of the nature of reality.
👍🏻
Brian Green doesn't have to wait for his grandchildren to come up with a QM tat makes sense (coherent), Maldacena already provided the mathematics of error correcting QC function, we just have to obtain the algorithm.
We had quantum mechanics that made sense since 1927. Malcadena's version is, in comparison, total bullshit. ;-)
Thank you for sharing. The measurement problem doesn't seem like a problem. From past papers resolving in ways to atomic orbitals and photon absorption changing energy levels. Slit gets to defraction gradient and probabilistic pathing. Chirality shows as you know and hydrogen has a Schrodinger time dependant solution. Entanglement is the prepared states, one up and one down and no interference/decoherance. In pathing they can be in many possible shared chiral states until messured. For me bell gets to information density of shared many body states. Photon being a type of quanta and particles and molecules more a shared waveform as it gets larger. Also think of quantum cryptography and waveforms within waves and some can be shared across multiple bits in ways. Bell for 3 way polarization my hunch is defraction gradient, EM pinching guide like orbitals and energy levels allowed, or hall effect imprinting as a sub harmonic or such. A few paths to search.
Has anyone tried metamaterials as slits and guides? Defraction gradient at the slit. You might even be able to tune it. Preselected pathing.
Experience is not for the weak
The result is a “theory of everything” in a simple device.
Einstein dreamed of measuring the speed of a train, a car - using the Michelson experiment of 1881/2024, and only then the experiment would be 100% completed. This can be done using a fiber optic HYBRID gyroscope. Based on a 100% completed Michelson experiment, the following postulates can be proven: Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta, and dominant gravitational fields adjust the speed of light in a vacuum.
You could keep counting this series
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So we can’t observe a particle’s objective reality. Whatever we observe is a matter of one’s relation to the particle.
(Very mysterious how that might be the case. )
As far as observations of entangled particles are concerned this doesn’t seem to be the case.
If one of the entangled particles is in LA and the other is in NYC and one observer Abe is on the west coast and another, Bob, is on the east coast are the particles’ states dependent on their relation to Abe and Bob?
Let’s say Abe and Bob have decided to determine their particle’s spin at a predetermined time. Abe takes a measurement at that time and Bob takes his one second later.
If it always turns out that the two particles register the opposite spin from one another, it seems to me, the observers relation to the particle must be inconsequential.
Yes, there are no particles, but you don't know that because you weren't paying attention in science class. ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 True. I don’t know that there are no particles.
@@wizzdem-tjmclaughlin8165 Well, now you do. :-)
@@schmetterling4477 Yes, I know that I don’t know that there are no particles.
11:04 wouldn't this mean a different reality for every observer?
maybe its the type of observer that matters;
birds see ultraviolet, almost all humans cannot, so
birds are aware of things we're oblivious to...
if our sensors work the same way, they sense the same things
Wait are they saying Leibniz was more correct than Newton?
About what? :-)
@@schmetterling4477 Leibniz believed that space is not an absolute entity but rather a construct defined by the relationships between objects. According to him, space is a system of relations between particles, and it has no independent existence apart from these particles. In contrast, Newton viewed space as an absolute, immutable framework within which objects exist and move, independent of the objects themselves.
@@lazerbrainzz Newton was certainly wrong about relativity. The honor of being right about that goes to Galileo and possibly even to earlier supporters of that idea. I have not seen a successful implementation of Leibniz's idea of space as a network of relations between objects. I kind of doubt it's possible, at least in a naive way, although I can see where he came from. The problem is that space isn't filled with particles. It's filled with fields. More problematically it's filled with relativistic quantum fields. I don't think those can be reduced to simple geometric relations, even though that would be neat. I would love to see a theoretical description of that kind.
there is no observer outside the box with the cat -- all observers are in the same box with the cat, called the observable universe, and are observing everything from the inside from the perspective of the same reference frame. furthermore the Schrodinger's equation is not applicable to the cat and to the universe as it doesn't include gravity.
Black hole and gravity with Author: Sabir Sadiq