Sean Carroll: The many worlds of quantum mechanics
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- čas přidán 26. 04. 2024
- Quantum mechanics is mind-blowing at the best of times. Sean Carroll explores perhaps its most jaw-dropping idea: that the world is constantly splitting in two.
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I've watched this lecture several times now and each viewing is as engaging as the first. Dr Carroll is a stellar lecturer.
Agreed
Yes, I’m still stuck on how does a wave spin?
@@sbschamp10 I thought I was getting close to having an intuitive understanding of QM, and then you had to go and ask a question like that.
i watched it then i didn't watch it and i understand but don't comprehend. i think i got a better grasp when i wasn't watching it.
He's great. I'd like to watch him and Lawrence kraus have a conversation
An absolute masterpiece. Sean Carrol is a great communicator and surely one of top guys in his field.
EWW44WAqaW3TDW !qaqrydtd
As a non physicist who left school at 16 but with an overwhelming interest in cosmology I think I actually understood that.
Lovely, nice to hear. Its been 4 months since your comment, how has your interest manifested itself in your life up too this point?
@@briandimattia629 I think I'm a bit like Einstein, slightly autistic, don't commit anything to memory that I can look up. I keep up to date via journals and the internet. I work with computers at a system level.
My man Sean has mastered his craft
What craft is that?
Every time I watch this video, I'm in the world where Sean hops to the right. In the world where he hopped to the left, I actually gave a bulletproof account of the true nature of QM and our universe. I just can't get back there now.
From many worlds theory you can also deduct that time travel is analogous to travelling between parallel worlds.
They're actually different 'worlds' in the same universe; Carroll explained this.
Many universes refers to the multiverse of eternal cosmic inflation.
you smokin the indicar sativa? Oh, wait more like shrooms or acid? Let me know please I gotta kno
The West has always been at the forefront of science. However , a few problems are inherent or commonly affecting the scientists from knowing the reality :
1. Language. Typically English. Language js ambiguous. A tool invented by ancient people. An art used to describe science. Problem due to its flaws : ambiguity affects communication, info propagation , discussions, debates, etc.
2. Heavily affected by Christianity. Limited minds affect knowing reality.
3. Based on maths : it works because its its system invented by humans. Of course within its rules it must work. This does not mean it can be used to know reality. It can be a limitation preventing knowing reality.
The west is too confident they know a lot when no one in the world knows anything absolutely fundamental in the universe. All theories.
My point is , due to all these assumptions and thinking constraints, we are guaranteed not to understand the reality. Its just not possible. What is and has been happening is scientists Believing they are right. The west is living in their own bubble. All human race should come together to find the truth. Look at China, overtaking USA. Why? Did USA not know long ago this is gonna happen? They should know. But what's the reality? Both civilisations do not really understand the other. They live in their own bubble , limiting the possibilities. Ego, Racism, xenophobia, culture, religion etc. Human ignorance
That was a great lecture!
I completely agree with Sean about the nature of reality and the possibilities out there. I like his style, in that, he doesn't try to force one particular
viewpoint over another, he's just interested in getting at the truth. I get the idea from his mannerisms that he sees all these differing opinions
as a dance rather than a battle.
You have to be incredibly intelligent to explain things this simply. Being a great teacher is very difficult and most people don’t have the intelligence to do it well. I would like to be this man’s neighbor.
In the Trivium rhetoric is the last skill you learn to master. Rhetoric is the ability to transmit information simply and concisely to other individuals. You know you really know something when you can explain it to someone else very eloquently and simply that's when you have mastered your own knowledge.
14 year old here, love this stuff!!
Same!
@@poopityscoopity2042 god
I wish I could like this video ten times. Subscribed.
When I was an undergrad learning QM, my professor would say “shut up and do the math. It works, and that’s as good as you’re going to get.” I see why now.
Shut up and calculate. There's nothing to see here.
@@b.g.5869 certainly not the deepest mysteries of the universe
Professors that've lost their drive for knowledge and try to inspire the same in their students do society a disservice.
This is why we remember Max Planck better than we do Phillip von Jolly.
Stellar presentation that helped me think about the subject, and actually form my own opinion on the relationship between Gravity and the Many Worlds.
Wow. Wonderfully explained.
Outstanding lecture not to mention compelling arguments.
Absolutely fantastic! Just brilliant!
I need a quantum lottery ticket generator. That way, I'll always be in a world where I win the jackpot!
Not a bad username or point there dude!
@@benjammin8184 I agree about the username
the chances of other people winning is so low i ought to win every week.
You've inadvertently hit on my one reason for not buying many worlds. If true, then it has profound implications for consciousness, because after all, shouldn't we ALWAYS find ourselves in a universe in which we are alive and not one in which we are dead or never existed? That's a given right? So, that means that no matter how many times per second we die in no matter how many worlds, our experience will always be that we are alive, even if we have just narrowly survived death. Here we mix in a little Fermi Paradox just to spice things up; If the above is true, then where are all the great survivors? Where's the person that attempts suicide daily but can never die because we happen to live in a universe where he is still alive? And also if true, doesn't that make us immortal since no matter how unlikely it is that we live to be a 1000 years old, there must be worlds in which technology has allowed us to do so and so we continue to live and have that experience? IOW, many worlds is too messy and leads to too many absurd outcomes. (related to your comment because where are all the people that hit the lottery every time they play, a possibility that is highly unlikely but must happen constantly in a many worlds universe, and also related to Fermi as in "Where are all the tourists?")
Then you are the only concious human being in this universe. All alone to spend your winning money.
Fascinating!
What a fantastic and informative video
My though of this lecture by professor Sean Carroll is that basically Gravity is merely an Entanglement of all as such, I believe..this way of thinking brings the unification and understanding to describe how quantum and classical mechanics unites and works!
I am not a scientist, just an interested party. However, listening to this lecture made me think about when I was a child and I thought about when I moved my finger. Whether that changed the entire universe or created a new one or not was a very insightful thought to have for a person from 45 years ago. It's almost like it's intuitively known to us that things are dynamically changing depending on your perspective
I hope every lecturer explain things like this... and yes, we do have resources, we do have our textbooks, but not everything can be covered in our textbooks. Some textbooks only explains the "gist" of the subject, and is not really delving deeper into it. Sometimes I'm feelin' like telling my college professors that if we could learn everything we need from our textbooks, then what's their role in our education? We would ask things, and we will only receive their ramblings, then we would be reminded that we need to finish a couple of lessons within 3 hours including all the mandatory exams. No wonder, I've only gained interest in learning now that I'm working.
There's nothing strange about a cat being half asleep and half awake.
Even for people it's been known to happen.
@@Ascoundrel it’s called a joke.
Great lecture by Sean Carroll
a wonderful teacher
The last 5 minutes blew my mind
Professor Sean Caroll deserves an honorary Nobel Prize for his services in communication of Physics. Check out his podcast "Mindscape"!
There is no measurement problem. They just don't understand it. The wave function only appears to collapse because you become a part of the wave function at that precise moment, the wave is still there.
Similar to two troughs coming together as one.
Once the alternate world you created to decide where to go in front of you does its test, it collapse the incorrect one of maybe even many. It’s exactly what one does when one selects an operational amp for use, you build the test feed back circuit, and that’s where dark matter and energy won’t be found but it’s there, correction was there. So good work, it’s a model that works beyond all the bickering.
My idea but other worlds might say otherwise, no difference.
You guys rock.
Awesome Cool Video
The fallacy of Schroedinger’s cat is that the wave function is not real for macro objects. There is no “wave Function” for a cat. There might be a wave function for an electron, and many wave functions for a flow of electrons, but there is no one wave function for a lightning bolt. A lightning bolt is not in a super position, it just is as the collections of lightning bolt wave functions. Then there is the wave function itself as graphically expressed. This image is a fallacy too. The simplification is what engineers would call a 2.5D image, it is nothing like a true 3D image. The best expression is the cloud notion of the statistical probability of the particle. But there the problem is that the particle is a light speed function, and to observe a light speed function requires in phase light speed observation, but to “measure” requires the extraction of energy from that being observed and the whole system goes instantly out of phase.
The “collapse of the wave function” to my thinking is mathematic’s in ability to calculate instantaneous reality.
That inability to calculate everything instantaneously at light speed on the front of time as time progresses is the source of the many worlds fantasy.
"Atoms are mostly wave function." Favorite quote from this.
This is the first time in hundreds of videos that it has been made clear to me that it's ONLY these special subatomic events that branch the universe and that if some dumb choice of yours doesn't correspond with one, the universe doesn't care. This feels vital and should be in every introduction to the subject. Nice one!
I’m not sure that’s true.
@@fallingintofilm Yeah, I think Prof Sean misspoke, unless his use of "quantum events" means something other than what I think it means. Every mental process involves thousands of quantum events, emitting a lot of protons, recapturing many of them elsewhere in our bodies, and transferring a lot of electrons. Our actions based on our choices involve many, many millions of quantum events over time, probably more. Each choice and each action remove us farther from the world where we first pondered the choice. (I think this is a plausible mechanism for free will when each universe has a fixed future.)
@@beenaplumber8379 The point is that it's not the making of the choice that's branching the universe. In fact, the universe is branching millions of times in the short time you actually make a decision. It's not like before the decision, you were in one branch, and then after the decision, you're in two branches, each with a different outcome to the decision. You're in millions of parallel states. In some you have decided one way, in some the other (and probably many more options outside the binary).
The point Sean is making, is that there's no significance to the making of a choice. The branching is happening regardless, and the universe doesn't care.
In fact, it might also be possible that you're going to make a decision, and in literally every possible future state that the wave function evolves into, you make the same decision.
In which case the wave function can still be branching without even having different outcomes to the choice.
@@TijmenZwaan I understand what you're saying, and it makes sense to me. The millions of branchings that occur anyway make the quantum events associated with my mental process get lost in the chaos.
But your last paragraph - I don't agree. Or i need to qualify it. All possible outcomes must exist, in one universe or another. Maybe not as a direct result of a choice, or maybe so, but they must exist.
@@beenaplumber8379 All possible outcomes must exist. However, not all outcomes must be possible.
We have no idea whether the wave function contains the possibility for you to have chosen A or B, or that all the possibilities in the wave function all lead to you choosing A.
To give an exaggerated example, lets say the choice is to A, walk to the grocery store and B, fly to the grocery store.
It's not possible for a human to fly to the grocery store (on their own at least). So even though the wave function exists, and all possibilities therefore must exist, that does not mean that B is actually included in the possibilities.
What divides the quantum world from the classical world is that different types of Brownian motion are at work. In quantum mechanics we have tachyonic Brownian motion which is orthogonal to the wavelike behaviour. In the classical world orthogonality breaks down and the wavelike behaviour is obliterated, leaving a residue of classical Brownian motion.
This idea is pitched at computer simulation. If we want to simulate something simple like an electron in a potential well, then we need to find a way to add tachyonic Brownian motion to the electron. The well needs to have some classical Brownian motion added because it is a dimple in a massive object.
I don't mind hearing a claim that tachyonic Brownian motion can split the Universe in half, but I would then suggest that classical Brownian motion can glue it back together again, restoring the Universe that we actually experience. I just cannot locate the world where I win the National Lottery every week.
Where can I learn about tachyonic browniab motion? Can u suggest some book?
@@neharai4927 Unfortunately I cannot. It's my idea as far as I know. The idea is that the Minkowski formalism can be taken as a ready-made formalism which describes something deeper, namely that there is one way to travel faster than light which exchanges spacelike and timelike intervals, and another way which exchanges energy and momentum. These two ways are not the same.
We can have an oscillation in the first way which can lead to destructive interference, and random motion in the second way which leads to a broken symmetry when an entity interacts with two or more detectors. This entity is definitely both a wave and a particle. Whether it is the typical entity of quantum mechanics remains to be seen, but I feel that I have my foot in the door when it comes to computer simulation.
Well-presented description of why things made of clay can never perceive the course of events taking place in the Planck time. This is perhaps not so mysterious. Otherwise, we might think ourselves to be lost in a sort of fog.
Still can not figure it out , but some how I can Imagen it , different hand movement in all directions?
Great lecture! One thing I don’t get... ok, no split when choosing pizza over Chinese. And: yes, there is a split on every quantum experiment. But the latter cannot be the only case. I’m missing the link between seemingly probabilistic results and seemingly classical everyday life. What are the ‘normal’ or ‘natural’ cases the universe splits up? And about how many times does this occur?
the audio quality if off...i've seen this lecture before and it was better if i am recalling correctly
So how does the entanglement explanation of gravity relate to the hypothetical graviton? Is there a quantum field with bosons that carry the force of gravity, or this would be an alternative explanation where there is no quantum field of gravity?
The limit to understanding seems to be in the ability of the mind to grasp the uncountably large and uncountably small. If a different system for understanding these proportions is learned though considerable practice (just as learning to add, subtract, multiply and divide took considerable practice). A billion millimeter cubes in a line is 1000km long but can be conceptualized using 3D - so it can be thought of as being a cubic meter. A billion billion billion in a row is 100 million light years, which is a cube with 1000km sides. This is an intellectual tool that allows all things to be conceptualized and realized
I think ultimate understanding has something to do with the making of predictions. Knowing a thing is knowing its behavior. I have the feeling that my question, 'what are fields made of', either cannot be answered outside of mathematics or any material explanation of them must be metaphorical and their 'reality' beyond understanding. But I see now that it must be that way with everything. All our understanding exists only as metaphorical ideas. The way we think has as much influence on what we think as does actuality. Cheers!
Really enjoyed this presentation. I'm already a big fan of Mind Scape. One question: where does the energy come from to create the new branches of the entire universe?
That's like asking "Where does the energy for Santa Claus come from?"
It doesn't come from anywhere since the universe splits.There is no new energy being created.
@@Vld45 So now you have to prove experimentally that the total mass-energy of the new universe is zero. Good luck with that.
@@lepidoptera9337 How did you infer that the energy is zero? Did you even read my last sentence? The energy that already is, splits.
@@Vld45 How does the mass energy of 511keV of an electron split? Where do you get the 1GeV for the proton in a hydrogen from? To be honest, you are just another one of those guys who don't know how quantum mechanics actually works. The result is that folks like Sean Carroll can pull one over you with the stupid MWI interpretation. :-)
I hope one day I see Sean Carroll debating Tim Moudlin.
Maybe all measurement taking is extended overtime. If you could measure some fundamentally random quantum phenonenon at an instant, you might get a blurry picture (though it's not clear how a measurement device would record a "blurry" number) , but you cannot. Your measurement necessarily coarse-grains reality, averages a quantum state over time.
Maybe the measurement problem is the same than in photography. If you take too long exposure, you will see blurred image. We should just measure faster 10e-33sec or similar. Some have suqqested that there are universal clock in that speed.
in a certain experiment you can see particles fly out of objects that radioactivly decay, if it was a wave it would radiate in a sphere in all directions. the double slit experiment shows a wave? so it collapses under observation. we are all in the same system connected by the fields that atoms get there mass.
time is relative
Sean Carroll makes it seem like it the coppenhagen interpretation is more weird than the many worlds interpretation. Both are strange. One essentially says that our consciousness manifests reality, the other say that there are an infinite number of universes.
Sean Carroll, i think maybe we need a 10 billion dollar double slit experiment to figure it out ;) A highly advanced setup -.-
I have another explanation for the question of Schrodinger cat that is very simple and I am sure that is right:
the mechanism that activates the poison, in this case is also a detector of the quantum state, therefore the cat will never be in a superposition of states, but it will be dead or alive not both, and this regardless of the open or closed box, or who observes
My opinion of Carroll has only gone up over the years
Quantum mechanics is about possibilty, but usually among so many possibilities only one or few will be realized, the percentage of realization depends on the conditions which favorite the chance to occur ,right?
No, under the Many Worlds interpretation, ALL of them are realised, but as soon as the split occurs, they can no longer exchange information
@@talltroll7092 So there's no free will & we're living each possibility out, individually? What determines the reality we ARE in?
I love how the observer is Hugh Everett.
yes!!! loved that too! he is all about getting Hugh the credit he deserves. PS I wonder if any of these folks consider it disrespectful when we use their first names...
@@JoeHynes284a little late, but if they were anything like the physicists of today, I’d say most of them would prefer it.
@@Muongoing.97c I think you are absolutely correct, but I still refer them as doctor or professor or at least I try to
@SeanCarroll, This is an excellent speech as far as public speaking techniques go -- but I think it can be greatly enhanced if you add a few words about how do fields work - that there can be fields that are cross-interacting, self-interacting and non-interacting. AND, non-self-interacting fields are actually fairly easy to visualize - very much like the sound waves in a 1D string, or surface waves in a pond. if you spend a few words on explaining that some events are interacting (and produce a split) and some are non-interacting (waves just travel on their own and move away from each other, maybe even going through each other without distortion) the entire story will be much more believable. You can do it!
Right - because he had unlimited time in which to explicate all elements of QM. Sheesh.
@George Rey, I’ll get right on that! - Sean Carroll
@@HawthorneHillNaturePreserve Thank you for entangling me back to this topic a full year later. I enjoyed this lecture today as much as I enjoyed it back then. A year after, I understand more of it. As to yourself -- does spreading hate make you feel smarter? Please let me know.
I am from India. Hearty congratulations to the new scientist channel! Sean Carroll is my favourite physicist.The way Carroll explains science is commendable. 💐🌹
1:55 there are also the worlds that you are told to jump right and you jump left and when told to jump left you jump right.
Isn't that specifically what he's saying isn't happening at 35:00?
"If you don't know whether to order pizza or curry for dinner tonight and you finally make a decision, that doesn't mean there's another universe in which you ordered another one".
@@dantenotavailable What I am saying 'If you have come to a decision about ordering pizza or curry, your conclusion may have been to stay in for pasta'
@@life42theuniverse It may have been, but it might also not have been one of the possibilities. It could very well be that the wave function had no possible states where he saw left/right on the screen, but jumped in the other direction.
The fact that all possible worlds and all possible outcomes exist simultaneously does not mean that everything is possible to exist or happen.
Do the branches of the wave function effect the curvature of space in the ‘vicinity’.
Question: Are there a finite number of possible superpositions for a given subatomic particle? If quantum particles are not particles but waves, that would seem to mean that superpositions would not be quantifiable, and not countable. And if this were true, wouldn't a new branch have infinite outcomes? If anyone could speak on this, I would appreciate it!
If you think about it, in a quantum world the number of possible superposed states MUST be finite, because all of the variables that distinguish one state from another are quantised
I remember David Wallace's reply to this in his book The Emergent Multiverse. The "collapse" phenomenology is the point-like intersections of continuous waves, so in the math that's an infinite number. The catch is that two arbitrarily close points in that continuum will have exactly the same phenomenology; there's no observable fact that could distinguish them. So it's not appropriate to call them "separate branches". Once you start thinking like that, you see that the issue of what actually defines a "branching" can be really nuanced and complex; you have to dig into how the actual observation may change from our perspective. Also there's the problem of chaos, the butterfly effect, e.g., where two nearby points won't appear differentiated early on, but after some amount of time they take surprisingly divergent paths. The branching happens later but was already set in motion earlier, so when is it fair to call it a "branching"? It gets complicated!
Edit: You also have to keep in mind that we, as classical objects, observe ourselves taking a random walk through the continuum. Countless other versions of us are taking their own random walks through the continuum. What we usually mean by "world" is the path of that random walk, and a branching a divergence in that walk. In that context, what we're talking about is a version of us, our world, that's taking almost exactly the same walk as us through the Hilbert space continuum, arbitrarily close, so close that there's no observational difference. Our consciousnesses and the reality we observe are exactly the same in every way. Does that make us the "same person" in the "same world"? I think yes; but it's more of a philosophical question than a scientific one at that point.
@4:30 He's name is "Niels bohr" :-)
I dont understand how infinitely minboggling the bifurcation speed of (One) universe is. Sean gives examples of ONE PERSON doing A instead of B, but isn't the wave funktion of that universe bifurcating into different uni AS SOON AS ANY ONE SINGLE PHOTON OR ELECTRON ETC INTERACTING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?!
Carroll simply detests Bohr lol he almost can't contain it. Anyways, always deeply fascinating to listen to Carroll dissecting QM
Also misspelled his first name😂 Niels- not Neils
he must have done this kinda of lecture for so thousands of times
Pilot Wave theory is the most intuitive straight forward interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, but it is clearly incompatible with Special Relativity, but it is compatible with Galilean Relativity, where space and time are absolute and field propagation is not limited by the speed of light. I propose that Relativity is just an optical illusion. Relativity has a simple built in logical fallacy, and no theory based on a logical fallacy can be true, no matter how many experiments seem to prove it, or how many people say it is true. Below is a very simple logical argument highlighting the logical fallacy, using the same terminology Einstein used to derive Relativity.
According to Relativity, observers on a moving train and on a stationary train platform will disagree on the size of the ""Train"" and the passage of time on the ""Train"". This is a complete logical contradiction if the size and the passage of time of the train are real. If the size of the train is real, then the ""Train"" can not be both contracted and not contracted. The same goes for the observed passage of time on the ""Train"". If these effects are observed, then the only possible conclusion is that it is an optical illusion. Things that are real must appear to be same from all frames of reference. If not, then by definition it is an illusion.
Again the argument is very simple and it is the argument Einstein used to derive Relativity, and no acceleration is used in the argument. A train with length (L) traveling at constant velocity (v) relative a stationary observer on a station platform. According to Relativity, the stationary observer will see the train contracted (L/r, where r is the Relativistic gamma), whereas an observer on the train will see it not contracted (L). So the train is both contracted (L/r) and not contracted (L) depending on the observer. This is a complete contradiction (L not equal L/r) and can not be true if length is real. The same argument applies to passage of time on the Train, where both observers will disagree on the passage of time. If time is real, it can not be both dilated and not dilated (T not equal rT). If space and time are observed to be both large and small simultaneously for one inertial reference frame, such as the ""Train"", then it must be an optical illusion.
This argument is only the tip of the iceberg. There is much more evidence including both theoretical and experimental, so please keep reading. Hi my name is Dr William Walker and I am a PhD physicist and have been investigating this topic for 30 years. It has been known since the late 1700s by Simone LaPlace that nearfield Gravity is instantaneous by analyzing the stability of the orbits of the planets about the sun. This is actually predicted by General Relativity by analyzing the propagating fields generated by an oscillating mass. In addition, General Relativity predicts that in the farfield Gravity propagates at the speed of light. The farfield speed of gravity was recently confirmed by LIGO.
Recently it has been shown that light behaves in the same way by using Maxwell's equations to analyze the propagating fields generated my an oscillating charge. For more information search: William Walker Superluminal. This was experimentally confirmed by measuring radio waves propagating between 2 antennas and separating the antennas from the nearfield to the farfield, which occurs about 1 wavelength from the source. This behavior of gravity and light occurs not only for the phase and group speed, but also the information speed. This instantaneous nature of light and gravity near the source has been kept from the public and is not commonly known. The reason is that it shows that both Special Relativity and General Relativity are wrong! It can be easily shown that Instantaneous nearfield light yields Galilean Relativity and farfield light yields Einstein Relativity. This is because in the nearfield, gamma=1since c= infinity, and in the farfield, gamma= the Relativistic gamma since c= farfield speed of light. Since time and space are real, they can not depend on the frequency of light used. This is because c=wavelength x frequency, and 1 wavelength = c/frequency defines the nearfield from the farfield. Consequently Relativity is an optical illusion. Objects moving near the speed of light appear to contract in length and time appears to slow down, but it is just what you see using farfield light. Using nearfield light you will see that the object has not contracted and time has not changed. For more information: Search William Walker Relativity.
Since General Relativity is based on Special Relativity, General Relativity must also be an optical illusion. Spacetime is flat and gravity must be a propagating field. Researchers have shown that in the weak field limit, which is what we only observe, General Relativity reduces to Gravitoelectromagnetism, which shows gravity can be modeled as 4 Maxwell equations similar in form to those for electromagnetic fields, yielding Electric and Magnetic components of gravity. This theory explains all gravitational effects as well as the instantaneous nearfield and speed of light farfield propagating fields. So gravity is a propagating field that can finally be quantized enabling the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics.
The current interpretation of quantum mechanics makes no sense, involving particles that are not real until measured, and in a fuzzy superposition of states. On the other hand, the Pilot Wave interpretation of Quantum Mechanics makes makes much more sense, which says particles are always real with real positions and velocities. The particles also interact with an energetic quantum field that permeates all of space, forming a pilot wave that guides the particle. This simpler deterministic explanation explains all known quantum phenomena. The only problem is that the Pilot Wave is known to interact instantaneously with all other particles, and this is completely incompatible with Relativity, but is compatible with Galilean Relativity. But because of the evidence presented here, this is no longer a problem, and elevates the Pilot Interpretation to our best explanation of Quantum Mechanics.
*CZcams presentation of above argument:
czcams.com/video/sePdJ7vSQvQ/video.html
*Paper it is based on: William D. Walker and Dag Stranneby, A New Interpretation of Relativity, 2023: vixra.org/abs/2309.0145
Time is very interesting to say the least... to say the most would take an infinite amount of space.
I just said that now... and it is then.
Glory be to what was, is, and will be.... thank you 😊
Such an awesome observation obviously observed by observing observers in observatories.
More than meets the eye.
Just think about how many atoms are in front of you while you read what is on your screen... then think....
how many atoms are in this "I" that's controlling your mind right now? 👁
"Why do we see things in location?" Maybe it's the same reason we can watch multiple things at the same time. The U.S. Open TV coverage will split screen and show 2 tennis games at once. Hard as I try, I can't watch both games at the exact same time. Maybe our ability to comprehend what we see is limited to seeing one world at a time.
So does that mean with black holes there's a quantum particle there and that's actually where it is? Or is it that that's a place of significant entanglement which might be the same thing a point where the many worlds converge and the particle of all the worlds overlapping on each other is actually in that spot. So the degree of entanglement of the many worlds is proportional to the mass and energy of that spot until you get a single concentration and convergence and the "big bang" happens again. So the "probalistic" overlapping position of the other worlds is actually the mass in which I see and interact given I don't know which world I'm actually in. It's like probablistic mass that actually makes up the mass and material of the world I can actually live and breath in and interact with
Damn I'm dumb.
That is a readily falsifiable hypothesis. Nice one! Now collect your data.
Question is how can an interaction interact. What allows an interaction to be an interaction. It's because of the two single variables is it because every variable is connected there for the same variable so there is no interaction or is there a deeper question that still goes unanswered? What allows the interaction in the first place what allows either outcome to even exist in the first place. You just have one side of the interaction while that's not interacting yet that's the universe we claim to be living in. So is possibility Just an Illusion? Or is the allusion what we call interacting.
Either way it doesn't help my cause cuz the interactions that are taking place I guess are just meant to be. It's not nobody can change that it's because nobody wants to.
In that case(a crazy amount of "particles" interacting simultaniously) how does that universe wave function even "keep track" of it self? So to speak...
Why would it need to? It simply has to obey the rules. On a much smaller, more digestible scale, the ants in Langtons' Ant sims don't need to "keep track" of anything, they just obey the rules of their universe, and stuff happens
What's the difference between an observation & an event?
If a photograph is taken then not viewed for 100yrs. Are the silver halide crystals in the emulsion in superposition for all that time?
Which is the observation. The photograph or the viewing of the photograph?
Or are the states of the photographic crystals events or a stored observation?
And that's the entire point. The idea of observation is simply not well defined. Which is why the many worlds interpretation is much more appealing.
"Are the silver halide crystals in the emulsion in superposition for all that time?"
Yes. In fact, it will never get out of that superposition. There is no wave function collapse, so superpositions are permanent.
What happens is that you as the observer also become entangled with what you're observing, so you also go into a superposition.
We are just experiencing one branch of the larger superposition of the universe.
What is quantum information conservation law
after he hoped, people were like should we clap? so like 5 people clapped, thank God its would have been awkward if he just stood there for 5 seconds only to proceed.
The new problem is that cats are always sleeping anyways
If there is any book on this topic many world interpretation plz recommend
Carroll's new book
@@arevogtmoum6224 name
@@physicsstudent3176 I would bet that Are Vogt Moum is refering to "Something Deeply Hidden"!
The Beginning of Infinity has a chapter on it, maybe The Fabric of Reality too, both by David Deutsch
People today asking "How come we see only one cat?" ~ Diogenes the Cynic walking across the room to refute Zeno. The analogue to limit theory's solution* to Zeno's paradox may emerge, but we don't have it. Positing that the wave function collapses not only into the observed universe but also into all other possible universes is fun but 90%? I guess if you stated anything less than p=0.9 you'd never be published.
(0:50) But the photon that is "split" to the rt or lt is detected by sensors made by fallible Homo sapiens, and the particle accelerator is made by fallible Homo sapiens too. What I'm getting at is the Homo sapiens, particle accelerator, the sensors, and other variables that includes the electric grid, the iphone, the Universe Splitter app have been corrupted by fallible Homo sapiens and the deterministic Universe. Therefore, "randomness" is an illusion. It would be better if Carroll, instead of doing what the app tells him, does a headstand and simultaneously hops to the lt instead.
This answers the question of free will (stay with me). I make a choice (a sum of several quantum events), which determines which universal branch I take. It does not affect the universe I left behind. Each and every universe is fixed, but we choose the subsets of universes we experience. I think Prof Sean is mistaken when he says decisions are not quantum events. As far as we know (I'm a retired neuroscientist), decisions are a sum of electrochemical interactions in the brain, all of which emit photons, and all of which involve electron shuffling. Our actions are the same, whether muscular or glandular. If a quantum event is all that's needed, there ya go. Our choices result in many thousands of them, and our corresponding actions result in many millions, and it's all volitional.
I think you got it backwards, this would actually disprove the free will. As such your decision is mere result of probability of quantum event and free will and decision making is thus an illusion. In your interpretation the person making the decision is not the one actually making it, the outcome of quantum event is.
@@sssummmak I have made one or two assumptions here, the most important being that I can create chemical changes in my brain and body by will. I can raise my hand by will, and raising my hand causes quantum events. Some might argue that my hand will rise on its own and be accompanied by the delusion that I caused it to happen. But of what evolutionary advantage would that kind of self-deception be? Absent any empirical evidence to decide that matter, I can't reject your criticism as impossible, so I will say this might put the answer to the question of freewill under the Many Worlds theory, but like everything in science, nothing is certain.
I favor my choice as the agent of change in the world around me because it fits all of my subjective observations so far, and if I am correct, that provides a viable pathway for freewill. That's a sorta anthropic principle thing there - if it were different, freewill could not exist - but since freewill is the question right now, I am giving this as a hypothesis that fits under the umbrella Many Worlds theory. Show me that the quantum events result in my perception that I have made a choice, and you will have refuted my hypothesis. Until then, you have pointed out a valid weakness in it, though your criticism shares the identical weakness - lack of empirical evidence.
@@beenaplumber8379 I personally also prefer thinking I have a free will and by self observation I have reached similar conclusion untill disproven. But you brought up interesting idea. If indeed processees in our brains are result of quantum events, even the decision itself may be simple result of such an event. in other words, in one universe you want to do thing a and in universe you want to do b. In both you feel that it is your own free decision.
@@sssummmak It still seems to come down to whether the quantum events precede or follow the thoughts. I guess we could be tossed randomly (or at least unpredictably) from universe to universe, telling ourselves "I meant to do that!" My hypothesis is scarcely better though, as I think you've aptly pointed out.
I think what I was really happy about at first is that there is now a framework for freewill. It still may or may not be a truth, but there's a path to getting there now. Before Many Worlds, it was either yes or no, with freewill proponents sometimes needing to add a bit of god power to justify freewill as superior. I think many Worlds gives us the possibility to find something more than a chicken-or-egg type conundrum. But you're absolutely right - the more I think about it, the more I see the equal likelihood of agency vs. riding along.
But there's another cool possibility - you lose the grandfather paradox with many worlds. Invent a time machine, go back in time & kill your grandfather, and all you've done is kill him in that timeline, not the one you originated in. You can mess with the past all you want because it's not going to affect the timelines you followed to get there. That's still cool!
@@beenaplumber8379 I'm confused. Where are your thoughts supposed to come from if not from activity in your brain?
Regarding the physics of (non existent) free will, I would recommend this video: czcams.com/video/zpU_e3jh_FY/video.html
If we seriously consider the experiment of "Wigner's Friend", we have to accept a multi-world interpretation. An observer in his world is in his time, and for him a division of his world arises in his time. However, for transcendents outside the universe the universe is stationary.
This isn’t true at all
@@schakiarligonde1736 When the entanglement of quantum superposition extends to include an observer, it evolves into a state of multiple coexisting worlds.
I believe there is a part of me that is a physicist. It is not the choice I made but still connected. I feel this is why I am so attentive to Physics.
Well, that part should be rolling on the floor laughing right now.
If we put more than 3 observers at the same time to open the cat box, if they all have the same conclusion, will the thinking of superposition still exists?
No. That's the same as 1 cat
Wow, goosebumps around 52m when I realised what he was getting at. Incredible if it holds true.
Kinda blew my mind! Newtonian physics, general relativity, quantum mechanics, and now this. If it holds up, it really is of that magnitude, right? Pinch me! Because Many Worlds has a correlate, Many Minds, that is like an algebraic transformation of Many Worlds, only IMO it's simpler because it does not assume a universe. The only first principle is the thinking observer. It's almost a solipsism like that, but not quite. Anyway, from that one assumption, "I think, therefore I am," Schrödinger's equation and all of quantum mechanics is emergent, and therefore so is everything else. I hope I live long enough to see this work out! (With my luck, I'll probably kick the bucket when we have another turn-of-the-20th-century moment when we realize that we've barely scratched the surface of a whole new underlying system.)
@blindwillie99 Because, for all you know, consciousness might be the only thing there is. What makes you so sure you need anything of any complexity in order to dream up a world where brains and complexity are required to think? The surest sign that you don't know something is the certainty with which you think you know it. Certainty makes terrible scientists. "How can anyone seriously posit" is another way of saying "I can't think of a basis to posit." Then you give up and give your Nobel to the next in line. That's a crisis of imagination, or lack thereof. "I can't think of how, therefore it's not valid."
A scientist from the Mayo Clinic gave a talk at my lab once, and he had spent hundreds of thousands of dollars, maybe millions, on a flawed research program. He couldn't make sense of his data, so he concluded his hypothesis must be correct because he couldn't think of a better explanation - never mind that his data did not support his hypothesis either. When he left, we all had a few chuckles at the poor guy's expense. Narrow thinking and closed minds block learning. Einstein's best work all came directly from his wide-open mind and incredibly fertile imagination. Sadly, his worst work came from just the opposite - things he refused to consider because they seemed preposterous to him. Give yourself a chance to go through the brilliant phase before settling in the humdrum monotony of narrowed expectations.
@@beenaplumber8379 Try thinking without a brain.
You want to believe that consciousness is fundamental only because you don't want your personal awareness to come to a permanent end at death. The psychology here is obvious.
@@b.g.5869 There's another example. You have a hypothesis (my motives + the need for a brain led to my conclusion), and you can't think of a better explanation. That is a starting point, not a basis for a conclusion. Your only evidence is reason, but reason can only get us to a hypothesis, not a scientific conclusion. (That is a very common misconception among non-scientists.) The problem, and the strongest challenge to research in psychology, is that no one can know the internal experiences of another person (without ESP). They are not directly subject to scientific study. That is why psychological diagnoses are defined by statistical variation from normal behavior, not internal experiences. (Their lack of correlation of disorders to neural processes has also thrown a real monkey wrench into the field of psychological research, yet even that could not give us access to internal experiences.)
I would like to amend my own statement of my first principle: I am aware, therefore I am. Thinking might imply some cognitive process that doesn't require awareness, but it might require a flesh computer (no one can say for sure). Neuroscientists can't even say where different types of memories are stored. (Certain types of task memories might be stored in the motor groups that perform those tasks, for instance.)
You can speculate about my motives if you like, but the evidence for that is scant. You can speculate you need a brain to think (or maybe to be aware), but again, the evidence is scant.
In any case, the Many Minds theory requires an observer, nothing more. I think the pertinent question for you is how much evidence do you really have that a brain is required first in order to have an observer? Even defining an observer is problematic under quantum theory. I think you might have fallen into that trap where you assume things that are intuitive to you must be true. The whole weirdness of quantum theory is that it is so very counter-intuitive.
You don't know more than I do, and I don't know more than you do. (I'm a retired neuroscientist, so you think I might claim to know more than you, but I don't. This is far broader than the study of one organ system.) The difference is that you are *assuming* a lot more than I am. Do you realize how little you know, how little you can know, about all this? I think the basis for your confidence is misplaced. I'm just excited by all this theoretical work because it's beginning to make so much more sense to me now!
@@beenaplumber8379 Interesting debate here. Your position made me think of Donald Hoffman - I wonder if you are familiar with his work? From what I can gather, he is working on developing a mathematical model which posits consciousness is fundamental and matter emergent. I believe his goal is to use the model to attempt to derive general relativity equations, Schrodigners equations etc.
Just a small thing : the universe cannot _be split at the same moment,_ because _"the universe at the same moment"_ does not have any meaning, *and Sean Carroll knows it perfectly.*
*Speaking of "many minds" instead does nor require any put-aside of Relativity, Special nor General.*
He's just saying: the math/equation dictates the universe splits. 25:55
@@jamescollier3 According to GR there is no such thing as "the universe" (at a given time), but as many different universes as possible observers, with just a coherence contraint. Right ?
@@Paganel75 sorry. You lost me. Lol
hmmm does this relate to the question of free will in some way? that we "have free will" in a quantum way, that is any choice is an infinite choice but free will becomes entangled so our experience is there is no free will? hmmm.
Very interesting. I hope as we learn more about the mechanisms behind awareness this will become clearer
Decisions don't split up the world.The branching has nothing to do with the brain.
Ahh! But you came back when I observed you - annihilating the many other worlds.
Everything possible happens.
It happens infinitely often.
If you want to think of this as a fourth dimension, it like if slice a 3d object you see a 2d representation, even though you dont see 4th dimensional object you can imagine what is looks like by imagining slices with similar possibilities.
This has some amazing real world applications, and it seems our brain already thinks in terms of possibilities ie 4th dimension, a demonsration of this is mandela effect.
Ie... what is possible and likely is even more important than what actually happens.
Humans do this all the time, we predict the future constantly, examples of this are safety principles based on axiom "an accident waiting to happen".
Pure assertion.
I think Sean is very entangled with the quantum theory.
I would like to volunteer to be in the box.
I promise to write down everything that happens.
Before and after opening the box.
In During lockdown event happend??
Before lockdown
You don't violate conservation of energy if you assume that both universes exist as a wave function, but only one of those universes receives the mass-energy content of the universe.
*SERIOUS opinions only, please:* I'm not smart. So, I have to ask: Must each of these "splits" create its own "big bang" somewhere else with the creation of a new universe? Or does the parallel world just sort of divide off within this universe? (Insults to my person will be ignored.)
Not a serious opinion, simply an explanation: there isn’t another big bang because there isn’t a creation of a new universe. The wave function which describes the one universe simply evolves in such a way that a term with amplitude A becomes a set of i€{1,…,N} new terms with amplitudes Ai such that the sum of (Ai)^2 = A^2. There is only one universal wave function. It is simply a superposition of orthogonal states.
6:10 wrong photo, that's not Heisenberg!
Pretty sure that’s him !!!!
@@rwood1995 Heisenberg is bald with a beard and a hat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg
just compare. it could have been that easy
@@tobiasthrien1 Duh. It was a reference to Breaking Bad, r/WHOOOOSH
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 XD oh sry. didn't expect it in this context
Entanglement is not an irreversable process. In fact it is very fragile because it requires specific conditions (very low temperatures etc) Otherwise the whole universe would be entangled since the Big Bang.
But plants n brains are constantly doing quantum entanglement even in room temperature.
@@neharai4927 Of course entanglement can happen anywhere anytime but lasts only for a very short time. If we want to maintain it for a long time, for example in quantum computers, we must keep the temperature close to zero.
Lol omg someone actually was listening to me. So why hasn't anyone decided to reach out to me?
All I ever do is try and reach out to people. It never works, pissing people off is sometimes the only way to get heard and hated. My name doesn't need to be on that new idea, I already have the answer. I learned it from you.
This is the last time i make myself look insane expecting a reaction.
My work is done here . Thank you
Besides there is a big difference in looking it and living it. Lol
Hey
I'm sure it must be me, but I still simply don't know what QM actually is.
When I read comments that say how brilliant this speaker is and how well he explains QM, I can't help but think it's just like the emperor's new clothes.
It's all way beyond me and I don't mind saying so. How can I not have a clue about what this speaker has been saying? Surely language is meant to be a tool to aid communication, not make things even more unfathomable than they were at the beginning. 🤷
I'm just saying maybe I don't understand something. But I think Marletto believes in this which would technically break the very laws of thermodynamics she considers impossible to break? I don't see how you could believe in that and give up on a perpetual motion machine. Every time you look or measure or make a decision the universe branches off, breaking one of the laws that makes perpetual motion impossible. Wouldn't our universe taken as a complete system be a perpetual motion machine?
Everybody gansta with quantum mechanics till you have to explain Cube 2: Hypercube 🤭
what if quantum stuff like the cat alive or dead are entirely dependent on our own consciousness and are not actually existing outside of ourselves or our reasoning
I don't think people don't like the many-worlds interpretation, I think people love this idea. The Hollywood productions reflect that in last two decades. I think Copenhagen interpretation is closer to our experience and more faithful to Occams razor.
At 07:00, did he actually get the time dependent Schrödinger equation wrong? ^^ I'm pretty sure he forgot the hbar. Or is he using atomic units?
There might be a world out there where I believe in Many Worlds.
Just imagine…Sean Carroll + Juan Maldacena + Michio Kaku + Brian Greene + Max Tegmark + All Others …all working together for breakthroughs together under one roof….MAGIC WOULD UNFOLD…
Just a thought…WHAT IF GRAVITY IS QUANTUMLY ENTANGLED…WITH CLASSICAL PHYSICS ??…giving a show of variety??
You have a real gift for picking false heroes. :-)
I WANT THE WORLD WHERE I ALWAYS WIN THE LOTTERY !!!
If particles is one no need of predict ion if more than one we need rules.
Unfortunately what we have cant solve it.
Why is there only two outcomes when the box is opened , shouldn’t their be infinite possibilities like the cat becomes an orange ? And they all split
By what physical mechanism does the cat become an orange? Alchemy?