The Kronstadt Rebellion Against Lenin (Documentary)
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- čas přidán 23. 08. 2024
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In early 1921 internal resistance against the Bolsheviks was mounting even among their supporters. The peasants in the cities were struggling from food shortages and some left-wing groups felt that the Bolsheviks had abandoned their ways particularly by not hearing out the Soviet councils. One of the largest acts of resistance was the Kronstadt (Кронштадт) Rebellion by Red Navy sailors in the Gulf of Finland.
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» SOURCES
Наумов В. П., А. А. Косаковский. „Кронштадт 1921. Документы о событиях в Кронштадте весной 1921 г.“ (М.: Международный фонд “Демократия”, 1997)
Пирани, Саймон. „Русская революция в отступлении“ (М.: Новый хронограф, 2013)
Шубин А.В. „Махно и его время: О Великой революции и Гражданской войне 1917-1922“ гг. в России и на Украинe (М.: ЛИБРОКОМ, 2013)
Avrich, Paul. “Kronstadt 1921” ( Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991)
Smele, Jonathan. “The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars 1916-1926” (London: Hurst, 2015).
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Sofia Shirogorova
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2021
My great grandfather was one of the Kronstadt Sailors. Always interesting to see documentaries about this. :)
I have to say I honestly prefer the Great War content 'post' World War One. Its truly fascinating to see how the world was still grappled by conflict and how power vacuums caused would be filled in a part of history I'm sure isn't well known to many. It even convinced me to sign up for Nebula to see it. Also love the new intro, it just hits right for the theme of the show
Glad you like it!
What intro?
Yeah, it was a very complicated time: until the dust settled in 1922, everything seemed upside down, there were "soviet" revolutions in Hungary and Germany, war between the incipient USSR and Poland, revolutionary movements in Spain and to some extent also Italy, Britain, Norway even... plus the nationalist revolution in Turkey, including terrible genocides. Very messy years.
@@jessealexander2695 will you do a short video about the freestate bottleneck if you havent done yet? would be awsome. dont forget the end when french maroccoean troops occupied the bottleneck.
It's all part of the great war really though, isn't it?
Last time I was early, Luigi Cadorna was still waging a battle at the Isonzo River
The ∞th battle of the Isonzo River
Some say he's still waging them to this day.
And Conrad von Hotzendorf was still mobilizing the Austrian army to shell Belgrade!
Last I heard he was still there.
Which one???
I've learned more from this guy then my history teachers
I am a history teacher and I endorse this message.
actually, I had great history teachers, but.. yeah, this is an excellent series..
@@brianjennings7644 I had one and he left
Jesse is great
@@brianjennings7644 This exactly
I keep seeing this stuff and thinking "Look what they did with the film!" Its like they brought those people back to life. Its amazing technology, a great effort, well done and thanks for bringing it to us.
I'm sure Trotsky and Tuchachevsky were rewarded for their skill and loyalty to the Bolsheviks, right?
The new intro is so cool. It really fits well with the new estethic.
glad you like it too
@@TheGreatWar Now just evacuate Jesse from his living room to your professional studio, and alles will be perfect.
I can’t go without saying this-your videos are truly amazing and I never miss an upload. I’ve been subscribed since 2015 on various accounts because this blend of valuable information, historical trivia and funny humour and character isn’t found anywhere on CZcams or normal TV. Thank you Great War! When I have money I will support you, but for now I will watch and watch and watch...
Never heard of this rebellion before, thank you TheGreatWar for your excellent work! Keep it up
Will you cover the Battle of Blair Mountain when it gets to September?
we think so. depends a bit on the available photos etc. too
Amazing question! There will be an anniversary in WVA.
@@TheGreatWar Would crowdsourcing searches in US and West Virginian archives help with that?
Support us and get 40% off Nebula: go.nebula.tv/the-great-war
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What do you think would have happened if the rebellion succeeded (in this case success would probably have been that they can hold the Bolsheviks off and potentially get some international troops in the city).
I found the sound quality poor on both Nebula and CZcams.
I am *extremely* disappointed that Nebula does not offer an opportunity to comment on your episodes.
do an episode on checkists
ich würde das machen wenn es auch ein Prepaid Modell statt nur einem Abo-Modell geben würde.
if one wanted to send an aplication to you, what adress should one have to send it to?
It's okay guys Bolsheviks just had a heated Kronstadt moment, I'm sure some Georgian dude with a moustache won't do the same thing to the Civil War era Bolsheviks.
Live by communism, die by communism
I really like the your declarations about "The only CZcams channel to..." Your channel rocks.
Agreed!
Same here! Ad-tewb should answer as to why they would oppress the historically documented truth of the first Communist nation's blood soaked devolution of a society. Probably it's because it hits "too close to home" : Red China!
My favorite youtuber. That was my final graduation work. The Kronstadt revolt, so many years ago. I even presented it at a seminar of the Master's Course in History at the Federal University of my state. All Marxists, but they liked the discussion.
When Trotsky tried to form the fourth international, his role in this revolt was put in check several times, including by Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. I still like to remember that the basic idea of both was that the only difference between Trotsky and Stalin was that one of them was no longer in power .... Well, thanks for your great videos.
Most leftist are angry about kronstadt. Some of them even said that socialism in the ussr died when they crushed the mutineers
"All Marxists, but they liked the discussion."
I don't see the need for the "but" there. These things are not at odds with each other. Marxism is not at all synonymous with Bolshevism, as this channel has shown throughout.
@@SkremoMcThrftsto yeah in theory. In THEORY Marxism is a leftist ideology and branches like left communism, council communism and Luxemburgism have more in common with anarchism or libertarian socialism than differences. However most people who say they are marxists aren't marxists. They are Marxist-lenists and they are at complete odds with anarchists and the left in general.
@@aspie-anarchist9854 this one. nice.
Trotsky wanted to spread the communist gospel to the rest of the world & make the whole world red, while Stalin was content with the current situation. So Stalin was the more moderate of the two.
3:56 If you, like me, are wondering what pood means apparently it's a Russian unit of weight equivalent to 16.38 kilograms
Thank you!
What is pood in American terms?
@@ericdillingham6858 192-96 burgers
@@akriegguardsman American burgers are big, so more like 50 burger.
The sailors in Kronstadt revolt:
Trotsky: Im about to do what's called a pro gamer move.
And that shows why Leon was exiled. Double faced and traitor, deserved it.
I've heard about this rebellion. Even seen a documentary or two on them. I enjoyed this video a lot. I really like this channel.
I didn't realize the Kronstadt rebellion was this big a battle. Like being fought over the ice, etc.
Be it 100 years or 100 seconds ago, the power of a camera to distract people even at their lowest is amazing.
Intro definitely fits with the new aesthetic. Always love to see the old "recap" music used again, that was to me the song of the Great War. For anyone who doesn't know, it's "The Return Journey" by Francis Wells. Great episode as always.
Saturday is the best day of the week, a new episode of the great war is available. When Covid is over I am gonna buy you a beer, either at the old AKH or some other nice place, just to say thank you again
First rate storytelling with exceptional background and context. Kudos.
Amazing stuff and absolutely lovely content. Keep on doing what you're doing!
Once the Tsar fell, there were TOO MANY FACTIONS fighting each other, becoming a free-for-all with the winner being the MOST RUTHLESS.
When anyone thinks of anarchism, Emma Goldman is the face they immediately picture. This is why Ma Kettle was blacklisted in Hollywood.
Or the countless other acts of terror lmao
No gods no masters
...you see because she looks like a kindly, rustic old grandmother, so she's not...she's not uh...you know...the caricature people think of when they think of anarchy and...*cough*. Okay.
@@LucidFL i wonder what that surname indicates
@@cv4809 are in a desperate need
Amazing episode! I was waiting for this one. Actually, in 2019 I did visit Kronstadt and there was a memorial dedicated to the brave soldiers of the Red Army that fell in 1921.
soviet monuments and memorials are extremely ugly and tasteless from any point of view. they smells with death & obscurity.
And not to the naval servicemen I assume?
"brave" for killing those that had enough of their tyran bullshit?
@@Game_Hero of course, why would USSR build monuments to it`s enemy
There is a monument in memory of the fallen rebels (not bolsheviks) in Kronstadt. It was erected in 2021, to commemorate the centennary of these events
These videos are priceless. Have never seen another channel touch so many lesser known topics
Great work 👏
Love the channel, love your work! You all get better all the time!
What role did the dreadnoughts play? I imagine the 12inch guns would have had something to say about massed infantry assaults over ice if they had been used...
They ain't got officials able to make use of they.
Given the events of the Russian navy at the end of WW1 (Baltic Ice Cruiser), and then the Baltic War between the Russian navy and the British navy in 1919...the battleships were likely in questionable shape.
Remember, Russia has just gone through a massive Civil War in which drastic means were necessary to sustain the armies in the field. There was very little resources which could be spared to fix or maintain the Russian fleet...which has suffered serious damage against the German and British fleets.
I doubt any of the ships were able to lend substantial support to the defense of the fortress.
Ida Mett wrote an excellent book on Kronstadt.
I wish i could get my grandson to watch this series
I live in Kronstadt, nice place to be
Well at least Bulgaria didn't have to give up their non-existent claims to Egypt in this video lol.
Well, you can never be too sure. Best make them give up their claims in Italy, Central Africa and Alsace-Lorraine while we're at it.
@@hebl47 London is Bulgaria change my mind
@@jacopofolin6400 yes
"The truth of the matter is that I personally did not participate in the least in the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion, nor in the repressions following the suppression."
Leon Trotsky, More on the Suppression of Kronstadt July 1938
Trotsky was a lying mass murderer? I'm stunned 🤣
How does that even hold at all? The truth on the matter is that Trotsky was personally ordered as war comissary (I believe that was his main post) by the Central Comittee to lead the offensive and he did. I can't say if he partook in the repression or hid in his office while others did the dirty job but he clearly was the chief commander in the suppression and even Trotskyists acknowledge that much. This ignominy (along the general errors and dictatorial arrogance of Leninism/Bolshevism) are a massive obstacle for Trotskyism to ever reach beyond a niche following: in spite of the intellectual and military greatness of Trotsky, his character is tained by Kronstadt very especially and by his Leninist fervor as well.
Trotsky LIED! He wasn't there in person but he was in command.
@@LuisAldamiz Trotsky wasn't present in person when the repression happened. He didn't pull the trigger himself. But he was in command of the forces who inflicted the massacre on Krondstadt.
This is a great episode that real expands my knowledge of the era. Thank you so much for doing what you do!
Great episode, keep making them.
Great vid. Never heard of this event before and it was an eye opener. Makes me wonder what may have happened if the West assisted the rebels.
The west would've been unlikely to help them unless they could've seen a way to eventually dispose of them as well. They were still socialists and anarchists at the end of the day, which the Western governments don't like one bit.
That would have aided the government in their claim that the revolt was a counter-revolutionary movement, driven by foreign powers.
The bolshewiks were the assistants of the West.
The west would never send aid to anarchists
@@SavageArms357 Anarchist government doesn't work, so there would not have been any reason to dispose of them. If the Kronstadt rebels would have taken over the state, it would probably have collapsed soon, and a new civil war between the Reds and Whites would have started to resolve the question who takes power.
Thank you! I was searching for a video on that matter and seems that yours' is the only informative one. 🙏
It's amazing that Russia/USSR emerged to great power status after both world wars (and it recovered from the Mongol invasions as well). It's not a part of the world you would associate with great powers geographically speaking, but something about the region and/or its people seems to make it extremely resilient.
You dont survive by just being timid. It is the will of the strong and much of Russia still provides intrigue and awe. Nothing there is subtle.
did you think how much cost that bloody "great power status" in terms of the human lives?!
Why? What's wrong with this part of the world?
@@wahlex841 that the consequences of the massive inequality and serfdom which was comparable to the slavery.
@@mikeromadin8744 The human toll is precisely what I was thinking of in the first place.
Pretty objective and informative. As always
Bullshit, you know nothing of history
Great episode Jesse and team!
Thank you. This will prove useful for my tutoring student undertaking his final year of Modern History on this topic.
Hello. You are doing a great jobs guys. I'm patreon supporter of your channel. I would like to support your channel also in a different way. Would you be able to upload Polish subtitles to your series if I translate them? I can translate them for each new episode but I can do some work also for historical episodes. Of course translating backwards will take some time. I know many people here who after I showed to them this series commented that they would definitely subscribe if there were Polish subtitles. Of course I can do it totally for free. Let me know what do you think?
One of the best history channels ever. Love from Russia
Last time I was this early, the war was still raging
Very informative . Thanks for doing this film.
"Many provocative rumours are circulating, to the effect that Soviet rule will fall this spring" (1921) HAHAHA
They only missed the target by 70 years....
It made sense in context. War Communism was so bad that it forced the Bolsheviks to ask for help to alleviate famines, which they ended up getting from America. Factions had kept rising up and falling, and the Bolsheviks were starting to look unpopular despite winning, they were losing support from peasants and workers, the two groups they had relied on.
If only...
Sadly it did not. Which also spawned the likes of your "namesake".
It would have saved the world many deaths under communism.
Perhaps the Kronstadt sailors should have taken a more aggressive approach once it was clear that the Bolsheviks could not be reasoned with. After Trotsky's threat they had nothing to lose.
Nicely done and explained. Thanks.
I checked out curiosity stream. It’s a monthly app payment. How does that pay you? One thing I like about you is your pronunciation of places and names is excellent
I love your channel keep up the great stuff!
truly outstanding. jesse alexander is a great presenter.
Free and independent trade unions are the foundation for the society of the future!
Nothing is free and so little is truly independent. Organized Labor succeeds by imperiling replacement workers taking the jobs, intimidation against decision makers as well as buying off elected officials. This must be done by Racketeers. Without that all Organized Labor fails.
50 years ago American labor was 30% Unionized and almost all private sector. Now it is 10% and 1/2 private sector. This meant a 5/6 decline. The public sector is doomed as budget deficits mount.
No, Trade Unions are not a part of any future.
@Niek Vels Thanks but no thanks for the corporate kowtow. We don't appreciate the bootlicking. Anti-union propaganda has been linked to a steady decline in wages and worker rights.
@Niek Vels This kind of sophistry is hilariously easy to debunk. First of all, you literally just attack me with a false dilemma strawman (which is nonsense).
Then you pretzeltwist low retirement ages as being anti-worker and anti-youth, despite the fact that increasing retirement ages is actually what is REALLY anti-worker and anti-youth, because increased retirement ages hurt the youth workforce by crowding them out of well paid jobs that stay occupied by older people who refuse to retire. It's also followed up by a ridiculous blanket claim that all unions behave the same when it comes to firing practices (totally false)
And of course, it's not like non-unionized workplaces never do any of these either right? The video game industry loves sucking up young people, pumping them, and throwing them in the trash once they suffer burnout from all the crunch. No union protection = easy firings and lax overtime protection for young people. Non-union companies will routinely pass up women for the same reason, almost like workplaces are male dominated whether they're union or not.
So bootlicker, got anything to say to these ways corporations harm workers?
@@matthewbadley5063 minimum wage, 8 hour work day, child labour laws, paid leave, military leave, and so much more you have no idea how much worse off we’d be if it weren’t for unions but go back to living in the fantasy that your lord will have mercy on his serfs.
Important video to point out that not all leftists are communists and the Soviet Union could have looked a lot different.
just some nitpicking, it's very common in Russian to write O but pronounce the word with A, it's also the case here in Kronstadt, it should be pronounced Krandsatadt
Я из России, хороший ты сделал ролик. Не совсем то что мы слышим и знаем, но твой россказ отличный. Много старых фото и фильмов. Молодец. Подписался на твой канал.
Thank you.
This is why even very strong countries send ultimatums with specific grievances and keep channels open with ambassadors, instead of public letters that burn bridges. If your position is made precarious because morale falls after your population is fine with the response and doesn't want war, you can save face.
Solidarity for Comrades in Kronstadt in their fight against Soviet Imperialism.
Great video
Great Video
4:10 people just had unrealistic expectations and not enough patience. Food scarcity is always worse directly after a war, but this is why the Bolsheviks introduced NEP (Kronstadt was not a factor in that, as NEP was prepared before Kronstadt) and not long after Kronstadt the situation did improve greatly.
You’re way too kind with the Bolsheviks,in my humble Makhnoviste opinion’ but still very enjoyable...as soon COVID let me work again,Nebula here I come!
The opinion of an anarchist is hardly worth the bytes it's transferred on
I want to ask some questions regarding Ww1, where can I ask it
Nice my parents are from Kronstadt
why don't you add or display the Nebula URL? Nothing comes up in a search for it except cosmic science sites
Over 100 years later this is still an event that keeps anarchists and communists from forming short term coalitions (I can totally see why tho regarding the stance of some subgroups). It's up to you to judge whether it's for better or worse facing a worldwide rise of fascism.
Damn, I was hoping he'd end with "the only youtube channel that lights up reality better than anything else"...
This is depressing, they were so brave.
I remember when the Soviet union fell in 1994. The August Coup was the first open, direct challenge to Soviet rule in its core territories since the Kronstadt. I watched it on television. Then I went to summer camp and when I came back, the Communist Party was gone.
Unfortunately for the Russian people I’m afraid. The communists won a majority in a fair democratic election but yeltsin and Clinton weren’t having it.
@@olliefoxx7165 “tens of millions” stop eating propaganda. using the absolute highest estimates from pretty biased sources doesn’t even get you into the ball park of ten million. Let alone “tens” of millions
Are you downplaying the suffering people suffered during the Balkanization and immiseration of the former USSR? Are you saying a country suffering a bigger quality of life and life expectancy drop during the breakup than they did during world war 2 was no big deal?
@@olliefoxx7165 A majority of russians voted for the communists after the fall of the soviet union... yes unfortunately for the russian people their votes were ignored and look at the failure of russian liberalisation that was forced down their throats
@@fenton3137 A majority did not vote for the Communists. They voted for the preservation of the USSR as a whole, not for the Communist party itself. The communists got absolutely btfoed in the 1991 first presidential elections garnering only 17,2% of the vote. In the 1993 first parliamentery elections the communists only received 12,4% of the vote.
So after the ban of other political parties from participating in elections was lifted, the communists were finished
Not soon enough
Interesting and informative. Excellent photography job enabling viewers to better understand what/whom the orator was describing. Amongst all the confusion/treachery created by Vladimir Lenin & surrogates. Allowing the Bolsheviks enough time ⌚. Overwhelming their deteriorating enemies. When treacherous Stalin's opportunity presented itself. He took control and the rest is history.
I think you underlined too much the reasons of the revolutionaries... How come the people of Petrograd did not join them? How come the Red Guards who were been fighting for 3 years were able to win a superior enemy (who, in your words, was better equipped)? You should have explain also the motivations of the bolsheviks, i think
He did a great job of summarizing the event in 26 minutes. If you want a deeper dive, get a book on it. In fact, buy the book by Paul Avrich and use the link in the description to support the channel!
Krondstadt Rebellion Pog
2:57 all animals are equals, but some animals are more equal than others
Literally taylor swift 1980
Wow, nice fiction story
20:00 GULAG was founded in 1930. The participants of rebellion could not be sent to GULAG in 1921.
This does not seem to be correct. It looks like it was administered by the Cheka in 1918-1922.
No, the gulag existed even before the soviet, they only massivly expanded an existing sistem
Nah siberian camp already exist in tsarist era its only called gulag in 30s
The name didn’t exist say but the camps did.
@@baneofbanes The camps where different at that time than in the Stalin era. There where much less people in camps and the conditions where much better.
Crunch dad rebellion
Great choice, thanks!
Man I'm hyped!
Finaly am i on track
Thanks!
Everyone here needs to go listen to TheFinnishBolshevik.
we do not care about the opinions of a person who justifies betraying the people who were doing the actual fighting and dying during the revolution.. yk actual insurgents and revolutionaries in todays standard
GW = Great Work!
This was so depressing
spiffy new intro!
All power to the Soviets!
Vive la Commune!
Russian history, always intriguing 👍👍👍
I'm eager to see other war's end, the content maker vs CZcams
Oh man, it's in my place
I used to be a naiive sucker, thinking Lenin and Trotsky were not that violent and not that bad. Thanks to all the extra history I've learned over the years, mainly thanks to this channel, I now know better.
So you're saying you didn't try to read about any of this for yourself? I don't believe you have ever read anything about this from Trotsky or Lenin, honestly. Just anti-communist sources and you think you're justified and educated
@@TheToby121 I only need to see their actions. They speak volumes. And speaking of propaganda - no, I haven't read anything from Lenin or Trotsky.
@@TheToby121 imagine defending communists
Uh,sorry,famine started after the war? How about from 1916,which led to masses being rebellious .Seriously,political cold war bullsh!ttery even here.Sad ! True that it 20s in USSR had horrible policies and serious failures,but going to as far as ignoring that famine was a problem from 1916,is a step too far. Not to mention ignoring that a big part of the failure were political divides and lack of working state apparatus and connections between local administrations and republic/state administrations,which is largely due to how revolution rise and due to massive divides among them. I mean,this is just annoying how cold war colored it is. Disappointed....
They never said that the famine started the war, but rather that the Bolsheviks failed to address it fast enough to prevent uprisings.
Also, while the Bolsheviks did fix the situation in the major cities, they often alienated peasants in the countryside, which lead to the Tambov, Pitchfork and West Siberian uprisings.
The Russian proletariat learns that they've just substituted one tyrant for another. Only difference is that the bodycount is going to get much higher.
Stop being revisionist most of the Krondstad Rebels were coup plotters and counter revolutionionaries deserved to be crushed.
The communism as an idiology in its Marxist and leninst way accept the hiracrcy and don't fight it.
The issue with communism against existing structers is not about leadership but about distribution the hard work of the workers for their well being. Like for housing, education and Healthcare.
@@jerrynelson5289 k commie lol
Proud Marxist Leninist. No Revisionist.
@@jerrynelson5289 tell me you've never lived under communism without telling me you've never lived under communism
They should have broken the ice
Sovnarcom members and their families died of food shortages
Unbelievable horror. Thanks!
The last straw of what was left of the Russian Navy which would languish for the next several decades.
Plus the russian shipping industry as well
An interesting insight as to what may be coming to the US.
No.
Americans don’t have the balls to rise up anymore
You can always count on an American comment like this. It's so common I almost feel like some bot is at work: completely vague, right wing fear-mongering and flattening of all historical context and variation.
@@big_guy_of_leiden5688 they did with BLM and only destroyed things
@@SkremoMcThrftsto Better than leftwing terrorism,have fun in Siberia.
One thing is certain: in history, the Russians have not lacked any form of suffering.
do a video about the kazym rebellion
Джесси! Я люблю вас! Вы великолепный учитель. Авторитетный и интересный!
The title sugests that the rebel where more left than the Bolsheviks. They were less left
read more
And what? Marx? Sorry too shatter your illusions i have allready forced me to read ityears ago@@lowkoalatee4033
(in the gulag)
Vladimir: You think we made a mistake in October?
Dimitri (Pointing to the Siberian wilderness): Gee you think?