Astrophysicist Overthinks Rick & Morty - THE MULTIVERSE
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- čas přidán 20. 05. 2024
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The Supermassive Podcast episode on the Multiverse which inspired this video: audioboom.com/posts/8420475-d...
The sci-fi TV show Rick & Morty uses the idea of a multiverse in its episodes and its a brilliant story. But in terms of the science, does it check out? Well there are two main ways of interpreting the idea of a multiverse in physics (both hypothetical and unproven), either (i) the quantum mechanics many worlds interpretation, or (ii) the bubble universes from eternal inflation. So which one does Rick & Morty explore? And how does it compare to other sci-fi shows employing the idea of a multiverse like Everything Everywhere All At Once, Spider-Man: Into the Spiderverse, Spider-Man: No Way Home, His Dark Materials, Doctor Who, Community (Remedial Chaos Theory and the darkest timeline), and Sliding Doors.
Tegmark (2003; 4 types) - arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/030213...
Brian Greene's book with his 9 types of multiverse - www.google.co.uk/books/editio... Everett (1957; many worlds) - www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/manywor...
Vilenkin (1983; eternal inflation) - journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1...
Guth (2007; review of eternal inflation) - arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/0702178.pdf
00:00 - Introduction
02:06 - AD Surfshark
03:30 - History of Multiverse idea
04:22 - Quantum Mechanics Many Worlds interpretation
08:15 - Bubble Universes (Eternal Inflation interpretation)
11:09 - Where is your doppelgänger in each interpretation?
12:33 - Which multiverse interpretation holds in Rick & Morty canon?
13:21 - Overthinking the portal gun (how far can you jump with it?)
14:19 - Being picky with the multiverse in Rick & Morty (and Everything Everywhere all at Once)
15:40 - The most scientifically "accurate" multiverse uses in sci-fi (Community, Sliding Doors, The Midnight Library)
16:53 - Outro
18:13 - Bloopers
Video filmed on a Sony ⍺7 IV
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk - Věda a technologie
"You might remember doing the double slit experiment in school" we clearly did not go to the same kinds of school lol. The highest level science experiment we did in school was boiling water in paper bags.
Huh? I started secondary school in 1961. We did the double slit experiment. Towards the end of my time there we even did it with discrete photons. This is standard school physics.
Was the boiling point of the water in the bag higher than 100 deg C?
Still better than us. Best we did was rolling weights down a slope
😂😂😂 Exactly what I thought.
that's not really any more high level than the double slit experiment tbh, it's just a laser and a narrow slit, the interpretation of the results is a little more difficult but i doubt they do much with that in school
Cat: “Tell Schrodinger I survived, and I’m coming for him!”
But Schrödinger is dead. Or is he?
😸"Wanted: Erwin Schrödinger. Dead or alive."
Schrodinger will be spinning and not spinning in his grave
@@urbanshadow777 But will he be spinning up or down?
actually for religious logic ... for god to be fair he/it has to make sure justic=equality to be delivered universe definitely needs a multiverse or atleast multi iterations for booth cases :D ie shrodinger being cat iie switching sides :P which is stable in the terms of newtonian dynamics/protocols .
Futurama has done both. The quantum mechanics Many Worlds version was the plot of a whole episode. The bubble inflation version was just a first act bit. The latter was in one of the early episodes where Fry wanted to experience all the things that could now be done because it was the future. One of which was traveling to the edge of the universe, where, using a coin operated telescoping viewer, Fry and crew viewed a cowboy universe version of themselves. When asked about an infinite number of them, Fry was told there was only the one, which hints that this was another bubble universe touching ours. The Many Worlds was the Professor made box containing another universe where the results of coin flips were the opposite of their universe.
Should totally do a Futurama video. So many Physics jokes. I feel like Rick and Morty would not exist without Futurama.
They also did the cyclic model, which isn't exactly a multiverse but is similar.
@@justforplaylists oh yea, they were doing a parody of "The Time Machine".
@@justforplaylists Yeah "The Late Phillip J Fry" relied on Poincaré recurrence time, the idea that if time is infinite that everything, no matter how unlikely, will eventually happen... including an exact copy of our universe and it's history... except 10 feet lower...
The minimum Poincaré recurrence interval has been conjectured to be 10 with 10,120 zeros ofter it years long. Over ten times longer than a googol, but imperceptibly small compared to a googol plex.
@@paulwalsh2344I imagine that's calculated in a similar way to the 10^(10^29)m distance in the bubble universe example. Kind of curious why the numbers they get are so different.
When Rick C-137 invents teleportation, Rick Prime lectures him about realizing that "traveling the whole galaxy means that you're the last guy to invent teleportation", and then says he's going to invent something much greater. The teleportation device with the blue portals Rick C-137 invents isn't the "portal gun" -- it's just local-universe teleportation. The portal gun mechanism isn't same-universe teleportation, it's many worlds multiverse teleportation.
It also uses concentrated dark matter
@@ArmyGuyClaude No, that's fuel for a space ship.
Can you help me understand what "you're the last guy to invent teleportation" means? I don't get it.
It means you tap into a huge existing network of all the other Ricks who've done it before: Then the next Rick who discovers it independently becomes the last one, and so on.
Given that it's just within the local universe, I would assume it even means that other local-universe aliens have done it, including non-Ricks, since they would still be confined to their local universes. Basically because someone else has previously invented it,, you're just the "last guy" that's done it, not the first.
"Star Trek:The Next Generation" episode "Remember Me" . Dr. Crusher gets caught in a bubble universe created by a "Warp Bubble" that slowly shrinks causing the crew of the Enterprise to disappear and the size of the universe to shrink until she's the only one left on the ship in a Universe 700 meters across. (And the ship's computer thinks this is totally normal)
And the famous quote
Crusher: Computer, what is the size of the universe?
Computer: the universe is an hemisphoroid region of a diameter of x million kilometres.
The name of the character seen in this and other episodes, "The Traveler", could be an apt description of someone capable of traveling 10^(10^29) metres away to another bubble.
That said, dialogue spoken by "The Traveler" makes reference to "alternate realities", which seems more consistent with the quantum many worlds multiverse.
Came here to check if someone mentioned this before I posted it. Thanks. :)
@@MikeWoodme too 🙌🏽
Please do a React Video to this episode!!!
I'm sure someone else has already said this, but The Tardis from "Dr. Who" is described as a bubble universe attached to ours, which is how it travels through time and also why it is bigger on the inside.
Wait, so the Doctor just has their own personal universe? Real estate prices would be through the roof for that.
@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 there is an episode where they have to go fix the star that powers the tardis. so it's also a Dyson sphere. wicked episode also.
@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 Remember that Rick has his own private pooping universe, or planet at least!
It doesn't matter whether the TARDIS uses a different universe or not: It's just a travelling door (wormhole - except such a door would appear spherical). This also explains how the TARDIS is able to park inside itself - at least this stops the Doctor bothering ofher people for a while.
I liked the Doctor Who episode saying goodbye to Rose in another dimension where he says he’s burning up a star to just send a message. It kinda demonstrated the idea that while some things might be possible, the power needed to even attempt them make them impractical/impossible (if you’re not as advanced as fictional Timelords).
For TV shows i would say Sliders was the first show to describe the multiverse. And a great book about the multiverse is a book called "Dark Matter" by Blake Crouch
It's worth mentioning that Dan Harmon created both Rick and Morty and Community.
That was actually two different Dan Harmons. It's the same person, but from different timelines.
My all time favorite movie, Run Lola Run, is focused on how small changes can lead to wildly different outcomes.
Great movie. Except it always makes me think I need to exercise more.
@@brad9189Every time I've seen it, I feel breathless. I liked seeing Franka Potente in a couple of the Bourne films.
@MegaFortinbras she's a fantastic actor! She was perfect in the Bourne identity!
This is where my mind went, too. Love this movie.
I loved that movie !
I had the soundtrack too.
A key difference between the two is that in Many Worlds, there are branches of a single reality, so doppelgängers are a natural aspect, but bubble universes have no connection to each other, so doppelgängers are purely statistical coincidences and presumably much rarer whereas you’d have an infinite number of doppelgängers in Many Worlds.
BTW: the “bubble universe” or “pocket universe” is an old staple of SF that many have mentioned in the comments. These are different from the bubble universes created by eternal inflation. They’re usually smaller and contained next to if not _within_ our universe. “Micro” universes are very popular.
If there were an infinite or just very, very, very large number of bibble universes, you'd have doppelgangers there too. You might even have exact copies.
That reminds me of an episode of “Mork and Mindy” where Mork was literally shrunk down in Mindy’s apartmetn to a quantum scale where he landed in an alternate Earth. And then there was the weak premise of the “Supergirl” movie where Zaltar claimed that Argo City was in “inner space”, and when Kara leaves the city she somehow emerges out of a lake on Earth.
Men In Black comes to mind.
Steins Gate. A Japanese anime where the protagonist accomplishes time travel (more time manipulation). The protagonist also becomes aware of alternate bubble universes. He attempts to force a jump (a universe shift) into the adjoining universe to stop a loved ones death from occurring. Fantastic show.
This is the comment I was looking for! Shame there aren’t more but at least I found one.
I absolute love that you described a universe where everyone has a hamster living in their butts and then say "but then things start getting unrealistic" 😂🤣
Scientifically, it's 100% possible for people to have hamsters living in their butts.
Schrödinger was trying to demonstrate the incompleteness of QM with his famous though experiment. He didn't think that "dead and alive" for a macroscopic object was reasonable, but it's not clear where the breakdown was between particles and cats.
i think becky mightve covered that during her Cambridge PHD
@@brereton_ Or maybe she both did and did not cover it at the same time.
I suggest you look up analogy in the dictionary
Showing my age, but there we go. Show that had multi-verses: Quantum Leap, Voyagers, Sliders and Early Edition (and Dr. Who). Some movies that had multi verses, where most only cover the different timeline: Back to the Future, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, 12 Monkees and Looper.
The One, Jet Li movie
Stargate SG-1 does a prerty good job with it, there's an alien device called a "quantum mirror" that allows characters to hop between timelines. They take an interesting nature vs. nurture approach by having most of the characters acting the same in each universe, but being minorly affected by the variations in circumstances, but one character in particular that seems to have a completely different life in every timeline, like she must have left a lot up to chance or spontaneous decisions.
The bubble worlds interpretation occurs a couple of times in Dr Who. They make a couple of bubble universes accessible through some sort of rift at the point where they touch. They ignore the prospect of them forming at great distance, and allow then to touch or move inside each other.
And Doctor Who tends (well, the writers tend) to play with alternate reality ideas, which are from the quantum mechanics side, as well. The Doctor has no rules, LOL!
❤❤
You know what sounds better than the bubble universe hypothesis?
The Bublé universe hypothesis. Which is to say, a universe exists where everyone is a Canadian singer/songwriter.
It’s not an interpretation, it is completely unrelated. It has nothing nothing to do with quantum physics, and can coexist with other kind of multiverses.
I missed your comment, as I watched this video on my phone. I was suggesting that the void ships suggested a bubble universe, and with either Tom Baker or Peter Davison (I cannot remember which), there were some episodes in null space (which sounds like the space between universes to me).
Wouldn't the Tardis be one such universe?
Futurama Did bubble universe. There was a wall separating them
And if I remember correctly the other Bender wore a hat.
Box universe
@@kevinstone2287 that was a different episode, where the professor created a box that contained a parallel universe which contained a box which contained our universe. That's a whole other model where two universes each contain the other.
Season 3 episode 15
I was going to mention Futurama
Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter wrote a series of five novels in a multiverse setting: The Long Eart, The Long War, The Long Mars, The Long Utopia and The Long Cosmos. They are settled in a many worlds scenario.
In Ben 10 Alien Force there is an obscure reference where the 'gang' is transported to an empty space and directed to look out the window, they are told a fuzzy blob is the universe and that another fuzzy blob is another universe. Sounds like they use bubble universe in that context.
US Tv Series Fringe (2008-2013) orbits around a allegely mad scientist that kidnaps 'his son' from a parallel universe becuase in ours he lost him.. it always refers to the QM many worlds interpretation. I watched it 15 years ago but I would swear in there the same character from different worlds had different personalities but with certain common core. As it should be as long as their genetic make up is identic or very similar.
Incidentally, I'm an associate professor of Chemiatry and I must congratulate you. Your hability to explain very complex concepts using plain words is amazing. I love listen to you.
The other son was going to die of the same thing so when the scientist failed to communicate with the other universe he kidnapped the son so he could cure him.
@@bruceleenstra6181thanks for the clarification. I didn't recall those details :D
Futurama had an episode about cyclic universes (with your definition probably a bubble universe?) where they build a time machine, which could only go forwards in time. In order to get back to where they started they had to cycle around until they ended up in a universe which was offset by ca. 2m, killing and replacing their "doppelgängers" on arrival.
EDIT: ca. = approx.
POW! we took care of the time travel paradox!
I’m so annoyed I was so caught up in Rick and Morty, I stopped thinking about Futurama…
That's not parallel, that's just a future cycle universe with similar parameters (but not identical: the future one is 10 feet lower). But there are instances of bubble parallel universes in Futurama.
I just learned a new term, ca. meaning circa meaning approximately
Futurama explored all the possible physics quandaries it seems.
"Astrophysicist overthinks Rick & Morty" might be the best title for a video I've seen in a while
Becky, US ovens have what’s called a Broiler setting where you put food (mostly meat) right below the heat element on a special pan that catches the juices. It’s a similar effect to barbecuing out doors so maybe that’s where the idea came from. You are just adorable and a great educator!
Futurama might use the bubble universe model. They had a one-time joke where they went to the edge of the universe. Across the barrier, they saw cowboy versions of themselves waving back at them.
"So there are an infinite number of parallel universes?"
"No, just the two."
I think the main thing you've missed here is that the Ricks only seem to portal around in something they call the central finite curve, essentially only the universes that have Ricks, or all the new universes forming from existing Rick universes. The series is kinda vague beyond that, other than that Ricks managed to section themselves off from all the other universes where they're not the smartest person in existence. I kinda assumed this was a protection thing, by isolating themselves in their own separate pocket universes they are safe from all the things out there way smarter and more dangerous (That, or an ego thing). This also explains the similarity of personalities as if all these universes branched from "ones with Ricks", they might all share that common ancestry from the moment the central finite curve was created? Regardless, Rick and Morty remains one of the most thought provoking science fictions!
I assume it means the central finite curve sections off those universes that have a Rick that meets their specific criteria of "Rickness".
Now, you are thinking way to hard about this, too.... kronenburg episode? Just reset.
S3 ep 1? I mean. Its a cartoon show that uses science as a plot device.
... krombopulis michael with gerry day care... ?
you really think Rick needs to sell antimatter guns to get flurbos to play roy?
'Let's go to promethian nebula! So this jack @ss can finish savin' a life!'
The Central Finite Curve is "a crib for the Universe's biggest baby." It separated the universes where Rick is the smartest man alive from the ones where he is not. Inside the CFC, Rick is supreme. No Rick will be lesser to anyone else. And that is just a total ass move.
Thats a "Rickrolling" move.@@drakkondarkspell
Love this convo lol
You might remember the TV series Sliders from the 90s. It's plot was based around this concept. Quantum or bubble? "Worm holes to travel between parallel universes"
Stephenson's Anathem has people traveling between worlds that have slightly different laws of physics, not just different timelines. Could be an example of a bubble universe in fiction.
Great example. I thought it was many worlds but I didn't know about bubble universe theory at the time and it's been quite a while since I read it.
Broil is cooking by intensely heating the top side. You might caramelize a roast by broiling it after roasting it, or lay out veggies on a sheet pan and broil them. There's typically two settings: high and low.
This
An important detail missing from this explanation is that ovens in the US have a large, powerful heating element at the top referred to as the broiler, which is what's used for this.
So basically it is grilling.
Yup@@shaunfarrell3834 , it's very confusing as it doesn't sound even vaguely 'right' to British ears. *8')
It certainly sounds wrong to "Broil" a "Grilled Cheese Sandwich", I mean, Grilled, is in the name!
Brit living in the US here. Just to be clear, Broil in the US = Grill in the UK. Grill in the US = BBQ in the UK - confusing but there you go!
Schroedinger apparently never had a cat. Cats would have played with the box, made noises, and generally let everybody in the room know they were in the box.
I suspect that he just didn't like cats, so would lure them into his home and put them in boxes. Therefore his neighbours wouldn't know if their cats had gone missing forever and hence whether or not they were alive or dead at any one time
I enjoyed the first couple seasons of a show called `Sliders` back in the day. it was my first exposure to the idea of multiple worlds and how small things could create big ripples in alternate realities. Shows like that and R&M have very much been great for thinking about What we still possibly have yet to learn about all of creation
I would say that Everything, Everywhere, All At Once's version is more akin to the bubble multiverse. They even show a map of the various universes relative to each other, and describe jumping as "slingshotting" long distances from one universe to another. In fact, they describe the universes in the multiverse as being organized with similar universes closer together, which as a computer scientist I geeked out over, because they basically said the multiverse is a latent space, and each universe is an embedding 😁
(Also, for their personalities: the different variants *are* very different, but the whole point of the jumping technology is that it mixes the minds of both the jumper and their destination together, so you get some of each personality, with the jumper's usually being dominant.)
Ironically, one of the more popular beef dishes in America is called the London broil. FYI broiling is basically just grilling, but we usually reserve the term to refer to high-heat oven grilling specifically.
Great video as always.
The definitive multiverse show is Sliders. It's about a group of scientists (including Jerry O'Connell and John Rhys Davies) who develop a way to travel to other alternative realities that are similar to our own but still different in some way. It's well worth checking out if you haven't already.
Also, after thinking about it, the Myst series of computer games may have more in common with the bubble universes interpretation. In the series, each age (i.e. world that you visit through linking books) is supposed to be its own separate universe, but I don't recall it ever stating that each one exists in its own dimension. The bubble theory may fit this one better.
I loved Sliders, I was a child when it came out.
Also Fringe…
@@john-or9cf Absolutely. Fringe was fantastic.
I love Sliders!
"The Midnight Gospel"
is another good one to checkout 🍄
Sliders was great! Until season 5 that they didn't expect to ever make... and honestly, season 4 was declining a bit. But the first three seasons were wonderful! 😅
One note, though: only two of the people in the group were scientists, and only Quinn was the one who invented the sliding device. Everyone else was accidentally pulled along with him: Arturo, his professor, had come to see his work when it happened, not knowing anything about it before then; Rembrandt, a singer, happened to be driving past as it happened; and I forget how Wade ended up with them, but she was basically a Best Buy saleswoman.
Dr. Becky sentence of the year: "The multiverse is kind of like Marmite among physicists." I will watch all year long to see if you can top that one! Thank you, Dr. Becky! I did learn something from this fun video, but I'm still so terribly at the remedial level that almost ANYTHING you talk about will help me make a bit of progress. BTW, I did try Marmite during one summer living in Bath, but as an American, I will always consider peanut butter to be the universal nutrient.
18:13 The word "broil" means to bake in an oven where there is a heating element on the ceiling of the oven too, and not just the floor. When you run both elements, then both the top and bottom get heated at the same time, and it tends to create a crispy top layer on the baked food.
Reply for visibility, the world must know!
Broiling is heating from the top on its highest setting.
@@hotrodandrube9119 Exactly.
Apparently there's not much differentiation in the UK and Austrailia about grilling from the top vs grilling from the bottom. Seems like a pretty big difference to me, as the fluids are going to go in the same direction either way and that leads to a much different cooking effect.
@@AramisWyler It's not often used here either, just some recipes call for broiling, and that's when it's used.
I don’t remember the name, since I read it in the 70’s, but at least one book has used bubble universes.
In the book, each universe is slightly different from the next, and so slightly alters the traveler. At one point, the protagonist and antagonist are in a chase where they move so far away from their “prime” universe that they were both fighting as giant worms. The concept of bubble universes hadn’t been proposed by physicists yet, but this is what the author was talking about.
And another example is Terry Pratchet and Stephen Baxter's Series of books that starts with "The Long Earth" and continues over five novels. Absolutely brilliant.
I was just scanning the comments to see if anyone else had mentioned The Long Earth series of books. Terry Pratchett is my favourite author.
I just wrote a comment to recommend looking at the "The Science of Discworld" books, when I saw this suggestion, Pratchett did like the multiverse as a narrative tool.
Dr. Becky - you display an alternate timeline/dimension on every show! It's the Bloopers! :D
The Flash #123 September 1961 is a pop culture touchstone for bringing out the multiverse to non scientists like me. It may not have been the biggest at the time, but it lead to DC creating a multiverse, years before Marvel thought of it. As a kid in the 70s, I found the whole multiverse idea fascinating simply because of DC bringing the JLA and JSA together once a year. Of course DC and Marvel had the great story tellers and artists changing between the two companies, so they both ended up with it. That and Star Trek's mirror universe were the two that stand out most to a Gen Xer like me.
I always found it odd that ST only explored one other universe. Once an author opens that can of worms, it bothers me when they only touch the surface.
Same with time travel (which would really just be traveling between different universes of a multiverse by taking the long way around (against the arrow of time and back again instead of cutting across the "now moment"). Once you start that, such a huge number of possibilities are available-so it better be the one of the best damn story from all those possibilities. And, it never is.
@@RubelliteFae A 90s show called "Sliders" is a great example of that. The premise was exactly that: going between universes where the differences could be big, such as Russia controlling the western half of the US because they colonized it first, to small, like the Golden Gate Bridge being painted blue instead. (The show was set in the San Francisco area). John Rhys-Davies, one of the stars, has talked of his disappointment of the show degenerating into a monster of the week premise, when it could have been so much more. And he was right.
@@williambrown9166 Was a huge fan of the first few seasons of Sliders as a kid (though, something about the actor that played the main character felt off-IDK what). The episode where they hadn't yet discovered penicillin always sticks out in my memory for some reason. It definitely fell off over the years. Was a shame how frequently they bumbled their way into figuring out how to help. 😅 Like, they just beat the odds due to luck too often. Loved it as a kid, tho.
Also was a fan of Quantum Leap and later a massive fan of Stargate SG1 & Universe (obviously different premise, but similar result).
@@RubelliteFaeI think I might have an answer as to why that is in Star Trek.
SPOILERS AHEAD: Star Trek Discovery
After the Discovery is sent into the future, Emperor Georgiau is told by a Federation scientist, I think Kovich(David Cronenberg's character), some spiel about the distance between theirs and the mirror universe getting larger, such that getting her back to the mirror universe is impossible with the technology of the Future Federation even though in the past several characters managed to travel and swap universes.
I don't know if this is mentioned or alluded to or contradicted in anyway in any other series of ST but it would possibly also mean that this is an example of media using the Bubble Multiverse idea Dr Becky talks about in this video and I hope she sees this comment as it makes her quip about Star Trek towards the end of the video and the fact earlier she mentioned not knowing where to find an example of bubble Universes quite comical.
But also, it would mean that if we assume the mirror universe is just the closest other bubble universe, that that is why its the single example we ever see in the show as other Universes would take more advanced or more powerful technology to be able to travel between and the longer after the early 23rd Century setting in the first 2 series of Discovery we're discussing the more difficult it is to even get between these universes.
@@glennmcco That's a fair point. I've always presumed the MWI of QM meaning the only thing "increasing distance" between two universes/timelines is the amount of time that has passed since they diverged from each other. This would mean that more recent splits would be easiest to cross between (and also that there would be very little difference between the two).
With bubble universes I wouldn't expect proximity to each other to correlate with similarity between the two (probability doesn't care about that proximity). And so, would expect them being vastly different.
Thanks for the info. Good to know there's some sense to it even if not the logic of my personal headcannon.
Broiler is a setting on the oven with a separate tray, usually underneath the oven, that turns on the flame to maximum. Used to quickly brown/sear toppings without changing the doneness of something previously cooked.
good explanation, but not always like this. The broiler can be in the top of the same oven compartment for baking(especially in an electric oven but also sometimes in a gas oven), and you can cook that way too like oven boiling a steak instead of grilling or pan frying.
I love the way you say "bubbles" 😂
It's been way too many years since I've read it, but I think the last book in the "Ender's Game" series dealt with the bubble universe theory. In summary, and if my memory serves correctly, they'd get into a "ship" where they'd merely think themselves outside of the current universe, then when they pop back into the universe whatever they held in their mind while outside of the universe would manifest for them within the ship. The book this was used in was "Ender in Exile."
Hey Dr. Becky, great episode! One example that came to mind to me right away is the movie Men in Black! If you recall the very end of the movie, it pans out to aliens playing marbles with the different universes!
i think the problem w the bubble theory for fiction are the following:
1 - it implies immediate or near-immediate travel to anywhere within your own universe, which would be an aspect that would be complicated to write for considering how big a universe is and would be difficult to convey in a novel way. what's the difference between a planet 10^10^9m away from one 10^10^19m away within a science fiction universe?? idk maybe you could have your characters visit a very far away anti-matter part of the universe? but that's the best idea i've got. the many worlds interpretation doesn't come with this "spatiality" attached
2 - and most importantly, as far as i understand nothing guarantees our neighboring bubble universes would be similar to ours. heck maybe due to different expansions rates of these neighboring universes, stars never formed, let alone life, let alone different versions of the main characters. meanwhile with the many worlds theory, neighboring universes have diverged more recently, so the same characters are guaranteed to exist in slightly different versions, which is exactly the kind of plot point fiction writers might like to hit!
so i think the "many worlds" interpretation is just better for writer convenience and for telling more usual/intuitive stories. though now im curious with how a sci fi piece of media would approach the bubble universes concept!
Wormholes could go anywhere
But scifi wise-
How do you control where wormhole goes? How do you which universe is where?
It's always glossed over.
I just wrote a similar comment to this before scrolling down and seeing this. As it pertains to rick and morty, they have the central finite curve to wall off similar universes... you're right, adjacent bubbles would not necessarily be similar. So the fact that the central finite curve exists in R&M means it's a multidimensional many worlds storyline. But in any other story that doesn't have something like a central finite curve, I don't see a huge difference between multidimensional many worlds and bubble universes... either your portal moves between dimensions or zaps you to another similar bubble really far away... doesn't change the storytelling.
Exactly, a bubble universe is, storywise, not that interesting. Stories drive on conflict and recognizing a certain experience. You might somehow travel to another bubble and there might not even be planets or anything familiar. A bubble universe might have different laws of physics, so it might not even be recognizable to us as a universe.
I thought this was going to be a react video to a specific Rick & Morty episode. But instead it was a lesson on multiverse theory. Trojan horse successful. Great video.
I saw this comment half way through and I'm about to click away because I don't like clickbait.
Kudos for mentioning that classic Community episode!
I would highly recommend reading This Is How You Lose The Time War by Amal El-Mohtar. It is an extremely beautifully written novella that won both Hugo and Nebula awards about two persons on opposite sides who start exchanging secret messages. All set against the background of a war that is fought by manipulating millennia of time lines across multiple universes.
It is a short story with wonderful details like (non-spoiler) one person describing how she tries to catch a performance of Romeo and Juliet on every assignment, if possible, to see if it is a tragedy or comedy in that particular time line.
The bubble universe idea is vaguely reminiscent of all the "alternate earth" episodes of the original Star Trek - like "Miri" and "The Omega Glory". But those are mostly just silly intragalactic coincidences, not full blown bubble universes within 3D space (I think the furthest any ship in Trek has ever traveled was to M33).
The bubble universe in the Dr Crusher-centric TNG episode "Remember Me" that someone else mentioned in the comments is a bubble universe in name only. It was more like a pocket universe created by a collapsing warp bubble (hence the name). Although it DID have an alternate/duplicate version of the ship and crew within it, so idk
Any reason we can't have 'many worlds' existing throughout the 'Bubble Universes'? They don't seem to be mutually exclusive with your quick description you gave of them.
Yes, different types of multiverse can coexist.
Sliders was a great show about the Many Words multiverse theory. Pretty good cast too.
I miss Sliders.
Wow, so many clips in this video! Great job, Becky! 💛😄 Also very enjoyable explanation, love this video!
I used to get deja-vu all the time, which made me feel like I was experiencing something my alternate-self in another reality already had. It was a freaky feeling. I still experience deja-vu from time to time but nowhere near as frequent as in the past.
I also like the idea of dreams being experiences of your alternate-self in another universe, because sometimes they feel so incredibly real and I can remember so much detail. This is part of the plot in the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022).
Was Men in Black a bubble because at the end it shows our universe in a marble being played with by an alien
Good question I think it likely is kitty buns had one on its collar
Honestly we do have observational evidence of a Multiverse it's called the Mandela effect and if you haven't personally witnessed some of the things on the Mandela effects list then you have not been living your life to the fullest... ultimately everything is subjective and objective reality can't exist because in order to have objective reality you need to have an observer that exists from the beginning of time all the way to the end of time and even if such hypothetical Observer exists the end of time has not came yet therefore it's all subjective and if you follow the logical progression of the spatial dimensions if a fourth spatial Dimension exists then infinite three-dimensional spatial potentiality can fit into any size four dimensional existence!!!
Indeed, Orion was a galaxy on the cats collar. ;O)-
No I think it was intended as more a case of scale as others were interacting with our universe / galaxy just as if it was tiny.
@@hallgreeny probably
Explaining science using SciFi is a great idea! Please do more!
Gen xer here and one of my favourite books from the 90's(at least cheap in the book stores) The Physics of Star Trek. There are at least 2 editions and from what I recall of the first edition, it was a collaborative effort. Alas, that book dashed my dreams for site to site transport due to energy requirements. But I can still dream about wormholes and dream the cosmos. (I'm a chemistry chica, so my love for quantum dreams is pillar to me ,also I came to chemistry via being a biology chica, just a nerdy chica who felt most at home when learning in uni/college lol)
I used to think that Many Worlds was impossible because it would fill the space, so to speak. But lately it dawned upon me that all you need is an extra dimension. Just like Flat Worlders couldn't "see" the world of Third Dimensions, we couldn't "see" an 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙣𝙪𝙢𝙗𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 of our world in the Fourth Dimension. (Not here counting Time as a dimension.) -- To visualise this, I told my son that a Monitor has three colors, RGB. With them it makes 256^3 colors. But a bee sees also Ultraviolet. That doesn't mean it sees "one color more", but for all regular colors, it sees each of them having a different shade of Ultraviolet in the mix. So "a bee monitor" would have to show 256 * 256 ^ 3 colors.
Having said this, I still feel that Many Worlds is just a nifty trick to escape the revenge of the cat.
I remember as a kid, with a dial operated oven, "broil" was the setting after all the temperature markings. my oven today has a separate "broil" button that's never been used... I don't trust a setting that only specifies "hot AF!" 😅
The film Run, Lola Run does the different choices/different outcomes thing to a T.
Absolutely forgot that gem
I want a Run Lola Run series with each episode starting the same.
I didn't think about it being a multiverse themed movie - but yes! I will love it eternally!
So I think an episode of ST TOS - Alternative Factor could be an example of bubble universe. Where the Enterprise encounters Lazarus, a being that finds a way to travel to another universe, that happens to be all antimatter. In attempting to connect the two he risks destroying both universes. Could be bubble, could also be extra dimensional. There was a Lazarus in both universes, so it is probably many worlds, but it is a bit ambiguous - if I am remembering properly. It was written in the late 60s, so pretty cool.
In the Star Trek universe, there is a big difference in the personality types of the same characters in the other universe. He usually plays out as a good versus evil difference, where the character in our universe being "good", and in the alternate universe being the "bad". Like murderous assassination type of bad people
I think the first reference to a many world scenario was Robert Heinlein's story 'Elsewhen". Phil Farmer did do bubble type universes in his "World of Tiers" novels.And then there is Roger Zelazny's Amber novels which played with both concepts, and rather well too.
Yes - In the USA. Broiling is done on the top rack of our oven usually with no water... Unless you want to melt the pan lid.
Who knows when 'Brillig' is?
how about Red Dwarf?
great take, especially pulling Community in to the mix
I love your presentation style across all the different videos you do.
You are obviously excited by the subject matter and it shows.
Keep up the good work ❤
I have a distinct memory of learning that a popular rock song was actually a cover of an older 1970’s song. Even remember watching the original video on CZcams back around 2010 or so. Looked it up a few years ago and now this song is written by the current band performing it. But I still have the memory
D&D Spelljammer *kind of* does bubble universes, each setting (Forgotten realms, greyhawk, dragonlance, etc) is contained in a "crystal sphere" each of which has it's own laws of nature. you can't break out of without a special ship, and the space between spheres is uninhabitable
Honestly we do have observational evidence of a Multiverse it's called the Mandela effect and if you haven't personally witnessed some of the things on the Mandela effects list then you have not been living your life to the fullest... ultimately everything is subjective and objective reality can't exist because in order to have objective reality you need to have an observer that exists from the beginning of time all the way to the end of time and even if such hypothetical Observer exists the end of time has not came yet therefore it's all subjective and if you follow the logical progression of the spatial dimensions if a fourth spatial Dimension exists then infinite three-dimensional spatial potentiality can fit into any size four dimensional existence!!!!
came to the comments searching for this :)
I've been waiting for this video, Dr. Becky
A basic explanation of broiling. Using the top heating element in an oven at high heat typically 500°F/260°C or higher while using a broiler pan (a pan that has a slit top for grease to drip into). It essentially is similar to grilling on a BBQ.
There's an episode of Futurama where they go to the end of the universe and they see and wave at the threshold where slightly different versions of themselves that traveled to the edge of THEIR universe that wave back
By Spock's beard, you really should have included Star trek. Not only in the bloopers.
LOL! "Jim, I think I liked him with a beard better. It gave him character. Of course almost any change would be a distinct improvement," Dr. Leonard McCoy
😂
She’s not into Trek! Whadaya gonna do!
Schrödingers cat vs Occams rasor !!! You always Cut into the bone ! THX DOC!!!!
In Futurama, while there was an episode with a bunch of interdimensional boxes that would probably be considered "many worlds" type universes; there's also an episode where they travel to the edge of the universe and there's another universe waving back at them through coin operated binoculars. That might be bubble, but it's stated that there's only the two universes.
Baking or roasting cooks by raising the ambient temperature inside the oven, and there are convection bake/convection roast settings that use a small fan to circulate the air so the cool food can't cool off the nearby air as much; this results in shorter cooking times. As others have said, broiling is cooking by radiant heat from a very hot element at the top of an oven; it browns or cooks the surface without really heating the interior of food.
And just for completeness, boiling down means to boil off water from a dilute solution to increase the concentration of the good stuff. For example you can take watery sap from a maple tree and boil it down to a thick delicious maple syrup!
I think the reason most multiverse stories don't do the Bubble Universe theory is because Bubble Universes is uninteresting. What's the difference between a Bubble Universe and an alien world? Scale obviously, but a story can't get too big in scale - especially visual stories like movies - without becoming incomprehensible to the audience. As a result, a world where Mushroom people rule won't look that much different from a universe where Mushroom people rule, especially if the human characters are only visiting for a half hour long episode or so.
The exception might be fantasy stories where you have entirely different laws of physics being the basis for the fantasy world's magic. Which might technically be a bubble universe, but such worlds typically don't interact with other bubbles that have different physics. And a few such fantasy settings sometimes have our Earth - or something resembling our Earth - be part of it.
Also, to travel between bubble universes, you essentially need either giant wormholes, or the ability to travel 10^10^10^googol times faster than light in order to move between them. From a narrative perspective, both of those are essentially indistinguishable from a portal gun. I agree that the energy for actual travel at that speed would seem to be beyond infinite, unless you allowed for some kind of strange matter with different properties (like negative mass?) or whatever. No matter what, you're talking about bizarre fictional physics that is just a bunch of words strung together to serve the plot. So from a story telling perspective, I don't imagine there's much distinction between saying 1) your portal transmits you between parallel universes closely separated in additional dimensions vs 2) Your portal opens a wormhole that travels all the way to a different bubble universe 10^10^10^googol km away instantaneously.
The main reason why I think Rick and Morty doesn't do the bubble universe thing is that the central finite curve exists as an actual barrier... In a many worlds paradigm, there's reason to imagine that closely similar universes might only be slightly separated from each other along these extra dimensions, so you can "wall off" universes with similar characteristics. But with the bubble universe concept, there is no reason that similar universes would be adjacent... it's totally random what happens in each bubble, and you might have to skip over 10^10^10^googol bubble universes just to find the one in which you didn't eat that third slice of pizza. There would be no way to create a "central finite curve" to cordon off universes with similar characteristics.
Terry Pratchett and Steven Baxter's Long Earth has travel between parallel earth's as it's main conceit, with them getting increasingly (though not evenly) strange as you get further away (and some missing an Earth entirely due to cosmic accident).
Great series.
On post scarcity too.
Community was absolute genius and that episode was sooo good.
In the Books by Fritz Leiber about "Fafhrd and Gray Mouser" (Swords and Deviltry, Swords against Death, Swords in the Mist) the "narrator" often talks about all the worlds trapped in bubbles.
R&M being a many worlds multiverse is also backed up by the episode where they accidently turn the house into a superposition and every decision continues to fracture it. So we know that in R&M, a many worlds situation is possible even just for one garage, so what's preventing that from happening to, say, the whole universe? Probably nothing.
It also explains how they keep flip flopping between the ideas that the multiverse is infinite, and that it's somehow finite (central finite curve, "I told you we can only do this few more times!" referring to hopping to a new universe because of a mistake, etc) because the many worlds multiverse is technically not infinite, since you can only have so many branches, but from a human perspective it's effectively infinite.
Many worlds being finite or actually infinite is debated upon and not agreed upon. Some believe it to be finite. Others think it’s countably infinite, others think it’s uncountably infinite. So, that’s not entirely a fact. Well, none of it is, but there’s other views on it.
One of my favorite books is Anathem by Neal Stephenson. It explores the many worlds interpretation of the multiverse.
Spoilers: it has people traveling between universes (a ship that can travel between cosmi), and it has people who can choose which universe they want to be in (future oriented multiverse choice) or which universe they happen to already be in (past oriented multiverse choice).
I would argue that Anathem actually goes also into the "bubble universe" direction as well, considering the matter in other universes visited by Daban Urnud is different from matter in Arbre universe. Basically the "many worlds interpretation" is used to describe what Incanters can do (so inspect multiple narratives inside a single universe), but the travels Daban Urnud does are actually "jumping into another bubble"!
Broiled is when you cook the food in an oven but it is very close to the top heater.
Boiled down, generally refers to boiling a liquid down so that it is thicker.
As a cosmology and R&M fan I love seeing discussions like this, good fun. One thing to keep in mind about R&M is they regularly mention that the Ricks, including the main C-137 Rick I think is his number, are on the Central Finite Curve, which could explain why all the Ricks we see are similar. Though Harmon probably came up with it as a story device as Rick does regularly say there are infinite versions of various characters and worlds and we get a slice of pizza saying: I’ll have a large chair with recliner on half and wheelchair on half 😄
Y A S I'm here for any of your videos but this 1 was gold😊👏🏼
A fascinating insight into the concept, Dr.Becky. The sci-fi comedy Red Dwarf has shown two very different characters in two different universes with Arnold and Ace Rimmer due to different life experiences.
“What a guy!”
Regarding the Everett interpretation, universes can recombine. If event C depends on either event A or event B, but there is no way to tell A or B led to C, then those universes existed but recombined, since they become indistinguishable. This should happen for only a small fraction of universes.
The novel Fuzzy Dice by Paul Di Fillipo seems to depict a kind of "bubble universe" model in the final chapter as the afterlife the protagonist enters.
So it means that all possible bloopers are committed in all universes together? Interesting!
Broiling or Grilling is the use of radiant heat for cooking, usually called grilling in British and Australian English and broiling in US English. Typically this is done in an electric oven, using only the upper heating element, with the door partially open.
Honestly we do have observational evidence of a Multiverse it's called the Mandela effect and if you haven't personally witnessed some of the things on the Mandela effects list then you have not been living your life to the fullest... ultimately everything is subjective and objective reality can't exist because in order to have objective reality you need to have an observer that exists from the beginning of time all the way to the end of time and even if such hypothetical Observer exists the end of time has not came yet therefore it's all subjective and if you follow the logical progression of the spatial dimensions if a fourth spatial Dimension exists then infinite three-dimensional spatial potentiality can fit into any size four dimensional existence!
Wait the oven door is supposed to be partially opened? You learn something new every day....
@@Lawfair oh yeah if you're doing steaks or something and you want to braise the meat at the highest temperature possible the elements are going to stay on longer if the door is open if the doors closed then the elements are going to get up to heat then turn off which is counterproductive getting good broil
@@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler I'll have to remember that for London Broil and lemon butter flank steak. Otherwise I only broil if the BBQ is out of propane.
@@Lawfair another trick for your propane grill is you can get a big bucket of hot water and stick your propane jug inside the hot water it will heat it up and make you have a hotter Flame
Fun fact: most Star Trek series have a episode or two about a very dark Starfleet that isn't a peaceful exploring organization.
I ran out of “conspiracies” and then your channel popped up. Love it and appreciate your takes/knowledge on some of my favorite topics. 🤙🏾
I mean if we’re talking Rick and Morty there was an episode in season 2 *Looked it up it’s A Rickle in Time* that I guess touches on Quantum mechanics of multiverses or split time lines… Jeez now I’m gonna go binge Rick and Morty again !
That or play Portal 2 again because the word Portal is now lodged in my brain !
Yo Becky you gotta get on season 7, there is a scene I have in mind thats a very funny depiction of multiversal travel.
“Broil” is a setting for the oven that cooks the topside and/or heats all around depending upon your oven and really crisps things up at the end. It’s great for making the outside of food crunchy and the filling warm and gooey ie baking
One thing I mention to people is that even a different location of an electron of one atom of your fingernail would constitute a new version of the universe. And there are seeming infinite positions for just that one particle. And it applies to all the particles of the universe. And any number of universes with unnoticeable differences could exist. So the multiverse feels to me like a probability of where we are with all those minute possibilities.
When I was in middle school, I couldn’t let go of the idea that, if my pencil had landed on my desk differently, everything would be different but the same.
In reality, we live in a bubble universe, and in one of those bubbles someone is simulating the many worlds quantum universe we seem to live in.
it’s simulations all the way down!
Honestly we do have observational evidence of a Multiverse it's called the Mandela effect and if you haven't personally witnessed some of the things on the Mandela effects list then you have not been living your life to the fullest... ultimately everything is subjective and objective reality can't exist because in order to have objective reality you need to have an observer that exists from the beginning of time all the way to the end of time and even if such hypothetical Observer exists the end of time has not came yet therefore it's all subjective and if you follow the logical progression of the spatial dimensions if a fourth spatial Dimension exists then infinite three-dimensional spatial potentiality can fit into any size four dimensional existence!!
Thank you. I love listening to you on my way to work.
To Broil is to turn the top element of your electric oven on so the top of your casserole dish gets blasted with heat right at the end of normally baking something. It makes the top that delicious crusty brown look. I also broil a pizza after it's finished so the cheese isn't rubbery.
Do not walk away from an oven on broil. You can easily burn the top of your food. You shouldn't broil glass casserole bakeware. But you can broil porcelain bakeware. Sometimes broiling a cheap metal baking sheet makes it warp.
Took me a while to get to your channel, but I am so happy I watched one of your vids. I'm hooked. Added to my video flow! Love the energy and the nerdiness doesn't hurt! Take care
I remember watching a documentary some time ago, that talked with different physicists, all working at a large, think tank location. One of the many worlds interpretation models proposed by one of them, posited that individual universes hung, ebbing and flowing, like multiple layers of thin sheets in a breeze, at subatomic small distances apart from each other. Every so often, two of those sheet universes may brush against each other, and that would cause a big bang, creating a new sheet universe.
I can't remember who it was, but I still love that visualisation.
That's brane theory 👍
in "Malcolm in the middle" season 2 episode 20, they explore two different scenarios/universes depending on whether their father or mother takes them bowling.
There is also the series Sliders (1995-2000) where a boy genius and his companions travel to different parallel universes trying to return to their own. It is one of the series that most resembles or inspires(?) Rick and Morthy
I think Heinlein's Number of the Beast novel uses the many worlds interpretation.
Specifically, the main characters' "car" has one drive method to travel in the familiar x, y, and z directions, and another drive (or part of the same drive?) that travels at three right angles to the first three axes.
It has been a long time since I've read it, but apparently travel along one of the extra axes brought them to universes mostly similar to their own, with "distance" on that axis leading to universes less and less similar, while at least one axis brought them to universes where physics got more and more different.
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It's a thick slab of a book, but a good read. Note: some content inappropriate for children and hyper-sensitive adults.
Absolutely amazing! Thank you, as always, for the knowledge!