The first SCIENCE IMAGES from the Euclid Space Telescope: all the details! | Night Sky News Nov 2023
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- If you’re struggling, consider therapy with BetterHelp #ad. Click betterhelp.com/drbecky for a 10% discount on your first month of therapy with a credentialed professional specific to your needs. In this month’s Night Sky News episode for November 2023 we’re chatting about the first science images from the brand new Euclid telescope, plus the latest updates from JWST. Including how JWST has spotted a kilonova that’s produced the rare element Tellurium, and how JWST has found evidence to support “pebble drift” hypothesis of planet formation. As usual we'll also be chatting about what you can see in the night sky in the next few weeks, including how to spot the upcoming Geminids meteor shower - one of the best of the whole year!
Levan et al. (2023; GRB 230307A observed by JWST) - arxiv.org/pdf/2307.02098.pdf
Banzatti et al. (2023; JWST protoplantary disk observations with evidence of pebble drift) - arxiv.org/pdf/2307.03846.pdf
Banzatti et al. (2020; previous Spitzer study on protoplanetary disks) - arxiv.org/pdf/2009.13525.pdf
Schneider & Bitsch (2021 I; pebble drift and the formation of gas giants) - arxiv.org/pdf/2105.13267.pdf
Schneider & Bitsch (2021 II; pebble drift and the formation of gas giants) - arxiv.org/pdf/2109.03589.pdf
More information from ESA on the Euclid Space Telescope - www.esa.int/Science_Explorati...
Euclid Consortium team blog - www.euclid-ec.org/blog/
My previous video about the Euclid space telescope - • The Euclid Space Teles...
My previous video on the colour in space images - • Is the colour in space...
My previous Night Sky News video from August 2023 talking about the Euclid light leak problem - • JWST finds WATER where...
00:00 Intro
01:00 Mars slow return in next few months
01:46 Moon to sweep past Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn
02:01 19th-20th Nov, Moon + Saturn
02:11 23-24th Nov, Jupiter + Moon!
02:20 25th-26th Nov, Moon + Pleiades
02:50 Early Dec, Venus + Moon!
03:14 Winter Constellations Return! Orion and the Winter Hexagon
04:21 Geminids meteor shower!
05:58 BetterHelp
07:46 Euclid's first science images!!
11:54 Euclid diffraction spike shape explained
12:57 Euclid rainbow diffraction spike colours explained
14:45 Euclid purple spoltches explained (ghost image)
15:57 Tellurium formation in kilonova GRB seen by JWST
21:47 JWST supports pebble drift hypothesis of planet formation
28:58 Conclusions
29:55 Bloopers
Video edited by Jonny Hyman: / @thehumanverse
Video filmed on a Sony ⍺7 IV
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk - Věda a technologie
If you’re struggling, consider therapy with BetterHelp #ad. Click betterhelp.com/drbecky for a 10% discount on your first month of therapy with a credentialed professional specific to your needs.
hmm better help is at the moment in some kind of a shit storm. using costomers infos for commercial gain
Really disappointed to see a partnership with them. They pay poorly and encourage therapists to work an unethical number of hours to make up the lack of pay. There's only so many hours of other people's trauma you can cope with before it starts to impact patient care as well as the mental health of therapists.
It's good that you can get sponsorships to help with the costs that go with making such complex videos, as well as reaching out to a base of viewers who might themselves be students facing anxiety. It's a good match. I just want to add that after I posted this comment, I saw people talking about this sponsor. I looked it up, because sometimes I have found people spreading a bit of ''fake news'' on CZcams.....they were 100% correct. I don't think Becky meant to take such a sponsorship, she just didn't realise the need to vet her sponsors. I think she'll be shocked and devastated about this, and will vet in future. This company was exploiting people, and in the end, caused them greater harm than the mental health issues they had tried to seek help for at the outset.
Thank you for discussing mental health
Seriously, Becky? Why would you take that sponsorhhip!?
"BetterHelp, was fined $7.8 million by the FTC for sharing user data with third parties, including Meta and Snapchat. "
Watching your videos has been part of my mental health recovery from depression. It's easy to find bad news, but space news is always good, and rarely gets me down. Your enthusiasm for the subject is just a bonus. Thanks Dr. Becky!
Cheers to you much love
This is pretty much why I watch her instead of any other news channel. Night news is best news!
I was just about to post something similar. I don't know what it is, but Dr. Becky really helps you feel good and makes you happy.
Yeah, don't look at news sites, it's a sh!t-show now.
Consider that morning news are the best ones!
Great video about Euclid's Early Release Observations, thank you Dr. Becky, spot on! (Euclid near-infrared photometry instrument scientist here.) Just a few comments:
* The slight field rotation in the Cluster image is indeed due to pointing constraints, but not extra tight ones due to straylight. Euclid always has a very limited amount of rotation that can be applied, mainly because it should always have its 'back' towards the sun, shielding the instruments. This means that a given position on the sky is observed, that can only be done for a limited period each year, since Euclid rotates around the Sun together with Earth. The Perseus field was observed at two times, the second being rather 'late' for the position. That meant that one couldn't rotate the field again to exactly that angle of the first observation. I think this was due to general rotation limits, not the newer, tighter ones.
* In case that didn't fully become clear, the rainbow colour of the spikes comes from the wavelength-dependencies of how compact a point source like a star appears on the detector, the diffraction limit. For a given mirror diameter (1.2m for Euclid) longer wavelengths will make a slightly wider image for the same star than a shorter wavelength - and that is also true for the spike pattern. Since the three images that were used to composite this RGB were at ~0.7, 1.1, and 1.8 micrometers, this difference becomes noticable. Hence you'll also see that the red colour in the spike sits further out than the yellow and blueish colours, because the red was taken from the 1.8 micrometer image and that will make an approximately 2.5x wider image (and spike pattern) than the blue which is taken from the 0.7 micrometer image.
* And indeed light is split into an infrared and visible part, but this is a glass plate that has a lot of interference coatings on it (think anti-reflection coatings of glasses). So it's not metal. And yes, there a (very small) part of the visible light that is supposed to go into the VIS instrument is not reflected by the first surface of that glass plate but the second surface, and then goes back out on the front side into VIS. And yes, in the science image treatment pipeline there will be a module that will take our optical module to mask these "ghosts" so they don't end up in science images.
Anything else? No, except that the team is also as enthusiastic and excited about these first image as Dr. Becky. 🙂
I find it amazing how fast we went from "random gamma ray burst" to detecting the origin, point telescopes there and have a spectrum!
Fun fact: Euclid will be generating 100 gigabyes of compressed data per day. Lossless compression is used, uncompressed the data is 200-300 gigabytes per day. It will be transmitting an average of 1.15 megabytes of data to scientists on the ground per second for the next six years. We will end up with roughly 500 terabytes of uncompressed data.
It will collect data on 100 billion galaxies. It will gather an average of 0.5 kb of data per galaxy, sufficient to determine the most important characeristics in order to refine our cosmological models. That's enough to determine the redshift, luminosity, mass estimates, etc. Using this data we will be able to massively reduce the uncertanties in our models. For example; the uncertainty in the dark energy equation of state will be reduced by a factor of 10, to the point that we'll be able to see whether the equation of state varies with time (which would suggest dark energy is a dynamical field, would have to be a scalar field, potentially related to inflation). The next 20 years might see massive changes in our understanding of how the universe evolved.
Wow! That is a fun fact
Yes, this is the kind of technical stuff I love learning about.
The more I study the universe it, the more it seems like a machine capable of evolution.
Back in May I saw your video where you showed a chart with all the meteor showers, and noticed the Geminids happen right around my birthday!! Then I noticed that it's going to be a New Moon at the same time. Needless to say, I am taking vacation to go somewhere dark to watch the Geminids for my birthday :)
Brilliant idea 🥳 sounds like a great birthday. Hope you have a lovely time celebrating
I came for Euclid, I stayed for nova mergers and tellurium formation.
Wow.
I'm currently reading A Brief History of Black Holes and I've just got to the bit where Dr Becky points out that we are made of "supernova poop". You really know how to flatter your readers don't you? 😅
I think it's a Dr. Becky thing... gross stuff like "toenail" moon and black holes "burps" is what she's about 😂We love her like that
We are made of Star stuff 😊
I just read that bit yesterday lol!
@@petermoller8337 You have a choice: Becky Smethurst or Carl Sagan.
You ever cup a fart and smell your hand?
In regards to GRBs, we basically went from "Intergalactic Hadouken or something lol" to actual spectroscopic analysis with insights to its role in the cosmos in a span of a few decades. It's an amazing time to be a space enthusiast.
Always enjoy these productions. Thank you, Dr. Becky.
In 1961, my mother became the first woman science teacher in my hometown. Had it not been for her pregnancy with her first child, my sister, she was primed to continue her education and become a nuclear physicist in the late 1950's. Think about it. The first woman science teacher in my hometown, in the 1960's. (Wonder what was going on in the 60's?)
My first memories were looking through a telescope, with a woman science teacher-my mum. You ain't my mum, but you're continuing her teaching to this sole spectator (me) of this wondrous universe. Thank you.
Thanks so much for sharing this
Thank you Dr. Becky, maybe you get ribbed for your total enthusiasm but it is contagious and I am hooked on the exciting science you deliver (and explain so so well!!) Thank you and please never stop 😊
Really ? People actually do that ? How pathetic , don't know why they bother listening if they don't like enthusiasm , strange
That was an information dense 31 minutes! I'm always impressed at how much you get into your videos. Sometimes it's a bit overwhelming, but in a very good way. Thank you once again for the quality of your research and for how well you present the information.
I thought I was the only one who smelt pages of books? but it can be so very nostalgic ? Nice one Becky x
I always loved the smell of my textbooks when I would open them. I thought I was just weird that way 😆
There are actually scented candles with the smell of books. I've never tried one, but they do exist.
Well, maybe we are both weird along with Becky?@@sarahbrown5373
I will look out for them and maybe send one to Becky? @@patrikhjorth3291
The bloopers are always so relatable. "Everyone else was sniffing glue, and I was sniffing books" 🤣 same!
Regarding star spikes. One reviewer asked if there are telescopes that don't produce these spikes. Yes there are. One set are refractor telescopes that have objective lens that are held in place by the telescope tube. Others are in the Cassegrain group that unlike the the satellite telescopes discussed by Dr. Becky, have the secondary mirrors supported by glass correction plates. However, these telescopes don't lend themselves to being in space for a number of reasons.
I always wondered how, in the immense heat of planet formation, did water ever even MAKE it onto a planet. I now realize it is indeed not that easy. Makes me appreciate our planet that much more. Thank you, Earth, for managing to hold your H2O
Yeah, we're way cooler than all those planets without water.
You point to a big question in planet formation. The Earth was very hot at the early stage of formation, as we know from the melting of all the rocks and separation of the iron core, so there would not have been any water possible at that time. It must have come to the Earth later after the magma ocean cooled. Most theories point to comets bringing the water later.
Its been amazing watching Jupiter every night. Even though my telescope isn't great you can still see 4 of its moons and the different colourations of the planet. My eight year old son has suddenly become fascinated with space
I've been so excited for Euclid, I'm in awe of these images 😍 And the winter sky is so much better than the summer sky for stargazing! Another great video❤
100% agree!!
The amount of energy released by the gamma ray burst is truly astounding!
A few years ago I had an "interesting" meeting with my sons primary 2 teacher. She asked to speak to me as she was concerned about my son talking about "death rays from space!" with his friends. She told me some more of what he said and I was like "aww, that's awesome" to which the teacher responded "no sir, he was scaring the other children and I don't think it's appropriate to be watching scifi horror movies at his age". I kid you not, that's what she said 😂
I'll admit, I kinda enjoyed explaining we'd been watching a really good doc about the universe and there was a part in it about Gamma ray bursts. I just thought he was enjoying it because space looks cool but he must have been listening and taking it in 😊
Dr. Becky, thank you so much with the Snooker film demonstration, not 8-ball or classic billiards. Keep up the great work of your channel!
just found your channel today and have binged about 6 hours of videos, so i'm hyped to watch this !
Doc is 2/3rds of the way to 1M subs. Lessgo! Can't wait for 1M. This channel deserves it.
Ive literally been waiting for this video since they were released! Love your videos 😊
Also, there are a number of astrophotographers that do like star spikes. I guess it's an acquired taste. Dr. Becky's statement of combining red, green and blue images result in the rainbow colors in the star spikes is somewhat misleading. The color separations also occur with full color cameras. The underlying physics is that different light wavelengths are separated by the line (telescope secondary support strut) diffraction. I do want to say Dr. Becky's CZcams videos are great. And I say that having a masters degree in astrogeophysics (that's a mouthful and it still wouldn't get me a cup of coffee) and am an amateur astrophotographer.
8:36 thanks for the explanation of why only 1/3 of the sky. I always assumed it was some sort of technical limitation. This makes much more sense now!
Not just the Milky Way but the plane of the ecliptic, which also has a lot of particles.
It's basically a background issue. We need about 1/3 for survey volume purposes. So the area was picked with the lowest contaminant background. What this excluded was the Milky Way with its dust and infrared emission and all those pesky stars on top ;-) or the ecliptic, our plane of the Solar System, which has a lot of dust that reflects sunlight. So the horsehead nebula will be one of the very few exceptions of a dusty star formation region that Euclid will ever observe in its planned survey.
Thank you for explaining all the "odd" bits from the images. The general public might be underwhelmed by the first images containing odd (but explainable) "glitches", and miss the point of what Euclid actually does and is capable of doing!
I have general anxiety disorder and depression, and this time of year can be hard. I have a great psychiatrist and he has given me great coping skills. Most of the time, they work so well, I don't even need my anxiety meds. To those out there hesitating - if you need help, please reach out. There's no shame in it. We only get one life and you deserve to live the best one you can. ❤ I LOVE looking at the moon with my binoculars or telescope when it is in crescent phase. I love looking along the terminator to see the various shadows and other features. I'm also very excited about the Euclid images. The sheer number of galaxies and objects showing in the pictures is mind-boggling!! 😵💫 😍 Great video, Dr. Becky!!
“Everyone was sniffing glue at school, but I was sniffing books” - Becky Smethurst, you are a treasure!
''everyone else was sniffing glue and I was sniffing books''.....I am actually laughing out loud!
Thanks for explaining the protoplanetary disc paper, I learnt something today!
And also TY for this. It is great info that changes quite a bit and there is more to come. And I love your bloopers
Fabulous coverage of all things astronomy and space! Hope that you can continue with these wonderful updates!! ❤ :)
As usual this is some amazing results, thanks for always being here to break it down for us!
I admire your patience in explaining what a "spectrum" is every time the topic arises.
I'm amazed how you make a 30minute long video feel short.. And I'm just an outsider, keen to learn a little more about the cosmos.. thank you!
I love your enthusiasm. it is clearly genuine.
So many great nuggets of knowledge here like rare elements bursting forth from the kilonova of this episode ✨️🌟✨️
Great stuff, thanks for your enthusiastic presentation. Humans can be so inspiring.
Bravo. Conjunction of a great and richly detailed "Night Sky" and crazy (good) bloopers segment. Kilo-enjoyable content, Becky.
This was great, thank you. Looking forward to reading your book.
Hi Dr., great video as usual. You're passion for your subject is contagious. I sleep to your voice.
Thanks❤
@1:54 "visible in the night sky to the naked eye wherever you are in the world"
*cries in Seattlite*
Any idea why LIGO didn't detect gravitational waves from this neutron star merger ( kilonova ) ?
p.s. your support for and acknowledgment of mental health counseling are both brave and inspiring. Many of us had difficulties during the pandemic. Its ok to get help!
Depending on the masses of the objects prior to collision the wavelength of the gravitational waves may fall outside the detection range of LIGO/Virgo. Not sure if that’s the case here. I can’t wait for LISA to come online to expand our vision into gravitational waves!
It was down at the time while they upgraded the detectors between observing runs. The latest observing run began in May 2023.
@@DrBecky Ah, that makes sense. Thanks for the background on LIGO. Its cool that they made upgrades, hopefully with even lower detection limits!
You had me chuckling over the sniffing books bit. I love the smell of old books. I once was told that I smelled like comforting old books & I took it as a great compliment.❤ Cheers!
Thank you for some very interesting pieces of information!
And, yes, new book smell is the BEST!
As an aside, you've got amazing eyes!
I love your impassioned explanation of the MIRI data. It's always fun to see how excited scientists get about data.
Just saw Amdromeda in the night sky for the first time. Most beautiful faint smudge I've ever seen 😍
I sniffed "dittos" as a kid at school in the 70's, woot!
Great content as always, Dr. Becky!
Thanks for the context on the JWST and Euclid fields of view - it was interesting for Euclid but I hadn't actually realised the relative "laser focus" of JWST! Exciting stuff.. SOOOOOO many galaxies..
Thank you!
Your descriptions RE: the power of gamma ray bursts and the creation of elements above iron, are MIND BLOWING!
Thank you for being honest about bad mental health. I appreciate that xx
Thanks for your videos and never-ending enthusiasm!
This is good Dr.❤
You did it again, Dr. Becky. Fewer pebbles, not less pebbles. Fewer pebbles, less dust.
wish better help was freee... dr becky is my therapist, the universe is my bliss and the info is my security xxx
I appreciate you.❤❤
Do you ever wonder what we would call the constellations if we picked the names *today* instead of when they were originally chosen? I was looking at Eridanus one night, and instead of a river, it looked very much like a guitar with one side smashed in, so ever since, I've called it the constellation Townshend.
I like to make up my own constellations too. To me they all look like dinosaurs 😅
This is the power. That drives the hand. That drinks-um, what?
That's very exciting. This is a good thing.
You know, I've seen a lot of articles recently about Saturn's rings, claiming they're about to disappear, making it sound like they're going to cease to exist. Of course, they're just going to be impossible to see because they will be edge on.
wow..
a lot of pausing and enlarging so i can take this in..
thankyou.. 🙂 x
Ooh, I'll be hoping for above freezing weather for the Geminids! I love them! Thanks, Dr. B, for all you do!
The mapping sounds amazing! I would love to see the 3d images!!
Living in the reservation is a blessing because I can see all these stars with no light pollution
New elements are also formed in type II SNs when the rebounding core slams into the upper layers of the star.
I just LOVE your channel.
great ep!
Doctor beck ur tha best!
Boston;)
Wonder to be on this channel, found it to be quite informative... Good job
Dr Becky - you're an island of sense in this incessantly crazy world!
Magnificent presentation.
Thanks x❤
I’m in love with Dr. Becky’s brain.
Just bought my dad and I each a shirt from your site! I’m so excited! I’m glad someone made nice looking JWST merch. NASA was lacking but you saved the day!❤
Haha glad you like it! Hope you and your dad love it ❤️
Thank you!♥♥
Great news as always!
I love the name toenail moon, it looks exactly like that! And Alderbaran sounds exactly like a Star Wars planet! :D Wonderful video as always!! Thanks, Dr. Becky!
This video was great. Your shirt is awesome. The Euclid and Webb space gazers are mind blowing. Pip pip Cheerios.
What a beautiful explanatory speech! I am suscribing myself now to your channel because I guess, part of my soul lies in the skies above. Cheers from the Southern Hemisphere, Paul.-
Excellent section on the detection of Tellurium in a GRB.
I noticed in the graphical plot showing the spectrum spike for Te that there are, to the right of the plot, similar notations for W & Se. That raises the question in my mind as to whether they also detected signs of the formation of Tungsten and Selenium? If that is the case why where they not also mentioned?
Clint Budd
to be fair, the intensity bump near 2.1 microns is *evidence* on the detection of Tellurium III in a (candidate?) GRB afterglow, not a "confirmation"...
Te III has a broad and complex spectrum (that was not measured)
Thank you so much for the detailed explanations about the Euclid pictures 😊
PS I started to wipe my phone screen with a towel until I realized it wasn’t dirty but there was a wine plant in your office…… I need glasses 😅
I'm crushing on Dr. Becky. For real.
It's important to remember that when you're outdoors waiting for your eyes to adjust - don't look at your phone. This will be quite difficult for many people, but worth the effort!
I'm hoping for clear skies at weekends here in Oxford, most washed out by cloud except on nights I need to get up early for work.
In Flaine at Christmas - should have clear skies from the 19th December to 3rd January.
Great show Becky, love your energy and enthusiasm.
Thanks for the video. I would like to hear more news on Euclid, for example explianing the first images and what new information about the Universe they give us.
Best bloopers yet! I shall have to sniff it out in my local bookshop!! :D
My mind is always blown by the formation of elements in supernovae etc. Just look at a small gold object and I wonder how many supernova etc contributed to that. Or did one supernova absolutely drench our area in gold, etc.?
And tellurium isn't that far up the periodic table compared to some, so they must be even more difficult to form, I guess.
Her voice is something you can listen to all the time
Banzatti has been doing some beautiful work. This one is a groundbreaking discovery proving decades long prevailing pebble drift theory. Joyful moments in science. 😊
I appreciate your shout out for mental health
Is there any chance the Euclid Space Telescope will contribute to the study of the curvature of our universe? Because it'd be really fun if the EUCLID SPACE Telescope helped us figure out that SPACE is NON-EUCLIDEAN.
Also, if we're calling the non-extended protoplanetary disks "compact disks", can we please call the extended protoplanetary disks "floppy disks"? It just fits too well.
Bloopers...sniffing your book. I love it!
Piece of Chocolate if you remember everything in this vlog.
Another great vlog. Thankyou Dr. Becky.
Laminated page smell.... yes!
Down here in Uruguay, Orion is a beautiful *summer* constellation...
"While everyone else at school was sniffing glue, I was sniffing books"... that is how you get ahead in life, folks! :D
First: Let's appreciate that Dr. Becky has managed to put a mention of a black hole into an ad for a mental health provider.
Second: Does anybody else find it amazingly funny and kinda cute how she pronounces "Hubble" more like "Hobble" several times? It made me smile each time.
Euclid❤
End of primary mission: when? 2) How could it be used for a secondary mission? 3) 3rd mission… what novel utility would be fun/interesting if you could use it?
Resolution: What would Euclid’s ultra-deep look like? Understanding this is a survey (and considering the orbit of earth around the sun), what is the longest exposure time possible for a single target pixel/galaxy look like (how would its resolution be different than the Hubble, JWST, overlap/composite)?
Artifacts: Single pass to capture 1/3rd of the sky? Multiple passes would phase out the image artifacts.
I thought I had read it would do multiple passes to collect more sets of survey data. That seems like the best use for it.
Cant really point it at bright parts of the sky as the reflections and artifacts would just get worse. For the same reason longer exposures would only work in very dark patches of sky.
@@patreekotime4578 the single image release had artifacts. With multiple passes from different angles/times/seasons will process and phase out such artifacts, for sure.
The first scientific data release is scheduled for late 2025 or early 2026. Plenty of time for multiple passes for the initial survey. Plus, the slight changes in the photos across the seasons will give better parallax for determining distances.
@@KGTiberius But all subsequent images will have similar artifacts. So having multiple images all with artifacts doesnt help remove the artifacts. Its really just about having really good software that can figure it out. She even shows one slide that highlights the beam splitter reflections... thats likely created as part of a filter for removing them.
I haven't heard someone at the forefront of science and technology say the words "compact disc" so many times in *years!* LOL! The book-sniffing was hilarious!
Pebble Drift is a great name for a band. A rock band.