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What is a Roman Centurion?
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- čas přidán 12. 03. 2017
- A detailed historical presentation about the famous Roman Centurions.
note: I ment Primus Pilus, sorry for the mistake there ;)
A centurion was a professional officer of the Roman army after the Marian reforms of 107 BC. Most centurions commanded groups of centuries of around 80 men but senior centurions commanded cohorts or took senior staff roles in their legion. Centurions were also found in the Roman navy. Their symbol of office was the vine staff, with which they disciplined even Roman citizens protected from other forms of beating by the Porcian Laws.
In the Roman infantry, centurions initially commanded a centuria or "century".
Centurions seemed to receive a much higher rate of pay than the average legionary, twice as much or more. Veteran legionaries often worked as tenants of their former centurions.
The vine-stick mentioned by Tacitus was called a vitis; it was a symbol of the centurion's authority and the implement with which he would mete out punishment.
Evidence suggests that centurions had important social status and held powerful positions in society. They seem to have received their status according to their rank. On retirement they could be eligible for employment as Lictors.
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Century
100 men
80 soldiers
20 slaves
Someone has to carry stuff
With the Marian reforms complete, the "someone" carrying the stuff are the soldiers themselves, plus a number of pack animals.
Soldiers couldent possibly carry everything
Hence, the aforementioned pack animals. Oxen, mules, donkeys and horses.
Actually, even after the marian reforms, a roman legion had more than 1000 calones. Not necessarily slaves. And they must have been on the payroll of a centuria. But this means nothing. Some cohorts had 11 centurions on their payrolls.
Roman legionaries carried most of their belongings in a pack on their back. Under Roman law, citizens of occupied countries could be commandeered to carry a soldier's pack for a mile (1000 steps) at which time the citizen was free to go...
This is the origin of Christ's command "...if a man compels you to walk a mile with him, walk two."
The fact that you speak fluent Latin deserves a sub 😂
What a Roman Centurion ?
A Roman Centurion INCREDIBILIS !!!!!
INCREDIBILIS
Metatron why don't you become a history teacher? You would suit that role *PERFECTLY*.
Is this not a history lesson? :D
he would be better as tourism\education minister. Italy actually is in a condition worse than the one romans were living during their fall, well, the west civilization is decaying as a whole.
He is literate, disciplined, he has passion, he is able to undestand and use new technologies.
Metatron get into politics ffs, you can be a youtuber and a politician at the same time.
Ppl need examples and good ones. We live in society where the only heroes are hollywood actors and singers. We live in a fake reality. West civilization realy needs an overdose of culture and discipline
Antonio Colagreco The world needs Roman legionary discipline. I've noticed that veterans always seem to "have it together" in terms of taking care of themselves and those under their purview. Everyone should serve, just to learn proper daily discipline and the life skills that are no longer taught in U S schools.
It would have done me some good, but I couldn't serve when I applied ( being female and nearsighted was a drawback in the 70s).
Eeehhh... military discipline is fucked up, though supposedly getting better with time.
Extrapolating backwards all the way to Rome is probably... unadvisable.
Id willingly take lessons from this hero
Must have sucked being a left handed Roman soldier.
Mallorn Tree they would have simply learned how to fight with their right hand.
Mallorn Tree yeah it's really not difficult to learn to do things right handed if you're left handed. I learned to shoot with my right hand, use a bow with my right, write with my right hand when I broke my left arm and many other things. It just takes a little time and before you know it it feels unnatural to use some things with your recessive hand.
Not that much. Remeber that the shield was also used offensively, so it would not be that bad.
You can break young children out of their left hand dominance fairly easily with proper beatings. Any child currently going to a catholic school outside the US can attest to this.
They simply decimated them.
i'm just here to say I N C R E D I B I L I S
JustSomeGuy AAAAHHH!
JustSomeGuy top 10 scariest sounds to hear.
Infirmus
Incontinens
Etiam
I expect nothing but the best from my centurions.
Hmm..u got assasinated huh?
Shiiza
sup Caesar
@@muskett2350 SHIIIIIIIIIIIZAAAAAAAAAAAA
How would you rate the 10th legion?
It's 2 AM in Italy and you're uploading now? Do you even sleep?
he uploads it over night, smart one
Most of my views are from America I take that into consideration ;)
It's 2 AM in Germany, too. And I'm watching...
I love your videos!
Traditore. May the only pizza you'll ever eat will have pineapples on it.
I really love the way you're being so light-hearted and fun in these videos! You make these videos way more jovial that way!
"Question number two! Oh wait, this is five."
LOL
I N C R E D I B I L E S !!
I came for this
Manolo Russian we all did and I can’t leave until he gets a buff
kayden janveaux dw it happened
Can you talk about the footwear that the legions wore? I'm trying to imagine what could be worn to enable them to march for 50 miles. Would they wear this in all weather? What about winter time?
traderjoes
the standard footwear was the caligae (sorry if the spelling is wrong), the sandal that he was holding at the end of the video. The hobnails on the bottom were for increased durability and grip on unpaved ground.
I can't attest to the comfort or long-term durability of them, but they seem to have been pretty good at the job they needed to do.
Lloyd from Lindybeige did a video on historical footwear, if you want some more information on this.
He's done this, In the previous video: "Samurai Armor VS Roman Armor" he goes over the Roman Caligae. And in another video, "Armour VS Weather - Hot, Cold, Windy, Rainy" he goes over what the Romans did for winter and such.
traderjoes I'm pretty sure they wore Nike Airs
Great video! Continue with this series on Rome, please. The details are fascinating.
Man, this is some good stuff you're doing. I can't wait for the Praetorian review !
You didn't mention the other requirement for becoming a centurion: you had to be good at beating the shit out of your men with a stick and making them so scared of you, they would rather face any enemy than face your wrath.
Most people have no idea about the extreme cruelty of the Roman legions. It worked for a while, but eventual it contributed to the Roman Empire collapse. Soldiers are the most important part of a society, when you don't treat them right, bad things happen... as seen throughout history and today.
Have you ever seen the channel History Civilis? You two should do a collab. I've learned a great deal of interesting things from both your channels. My favourite video of his was the battle of Alesia.
He's a great channel.
YourPalAL i was thinking the same just this morning ...
Note for those that will read ancient Roman texts: The centurion of the First Centuria, the 'Primus Pilus', was nicknamed 'Primipilus' at the time, and the contemporary authors will pretty much refer to them by that name. So bear that in mind while reading.
Am I the only one who freaking loves his intro, like I could write a couple pages of why I enjoy his intros idk why XD
Great post! Fellow Roman re-enactor here. Not many of us in the USA. Keep up the great work! Hail Nero!
Meriadoc Gunson your name is cool :D
Hail Caesar!
We re-enact the 14th Legion right after Boudicca's revolt. There are two of us who portray second term soldiers (I am the Centurio and the other is the Optio). We always tell the youger trops" if you think Nero is bad you should have been in during Caligula's time!".
Bill Leutzinger - AVE ! I don't know if I buy into Caligula being so bad as he is portrayed. They made an immature boy Emperor and he acted in an immature way, bolstered by the authority of his position. In no way was he a saint, but his damnatio memoriae after his death could also be viewed as the nobility trying to cover up the shame and embarrassment of their own cooperation by condemning ANYTHING that even mentioned Caligula and destroying it. That means their own cooperation and misbehaviors were erased along with it ! Let's not also forget that damnatio memoriae was also a huge propaganda tool to the masses of Rome, and intended to fully destroy someone's reputation by wiping the records clean of their very existence and influence, and slurring what was remembered about them. Later generations heard ONLY the negative stories (many probably false or spun to be negative) and passed those down to us. After damnatio memoriae it would become treasonous to say something positive about that person unless the writing was heavily weighted to the negative. Let's also not forget they had to justify their murder of Caligula to a populace of commoners who liked him because of his father Germanicus, and probably weren't too fond of the Senate themselves.
I'll only mention the lack of historical writings from the ancients about him. There is one complete one (in the book 'The Twelve Caesars' by Seutonius) with smatterings of mentions by other writers. That isn't much real information to work with when trying to analyze performance or behavior as Emperor. Look at the amount of information we have to judge earlier Emperors like Augustus and Tiberius with ! Or Julius Caesar himself !
It pays to look at these things from the outside sometimes. Like Nero who was tolerated and even loved as Emperor by many Romans. He ruled for 14 years before the Legions revolted and he was abandoned to his fate. The negative really sells well, but it's best to keep in mind even the Emperors were human and all had positive and negative aspects about them.
Interesting, so it seems the roman army wasn't all that different from modern ones.
"Sir, why do we call it a century if there's only 80 men? Why don't we come up with a new word?"
"Because SHUT UP AND GET BACK IN LINE!"
"Cause there are three ways of doing things. The right one, the wrong one, and the way of the Legion. Here we follow the way of the legion. Now wear your armor and begin to run around the camp!"
yep just like modern militaries, stuck with using many old terminology.
Actually, the smallest unit consisted of 10 people.
8 soldiers and 2 slaves.
so the century was 80 soldiers and 20 slaves
makes sense, right?
Neurofield - Too negative. Many things are kept because of tradition, familiarity and common use. Tradition has always been important in military forces.
Random - funniest comment I've seen today. It made me laugh.
I actually enjoy more the Roman themed videos of this channel. Keep it up.
Came here after watching the For Honor trailer of the Centurion
Tiberiu Georgescu that's the true reason why this was way
Ubi's high
Hrm, I heard that a century was 80 fighting men, and 20 support staff (thus actually 100, just not all soldiers). Thanks for clearing that up, Metatron.
DancerVeiled I thought that too, and it does make sense. Have your 80 combatants but remember that this was an ancient time and that you would need to have a portion of manpower reserved for other crucial functionary tasks. Men need to eat, they need to sleep and an Army is a system more than a weapon.
Didn't a century also have a scorpion or two?
As I understand it, everyone in a Legion fights, there were no non-combatants. All of the non-combatant roles that you find in a modern military were all done by legionnaires as secondary roles when they were in camp. If someone used to be a blacksmith before joining the legion then they would act as the legion blacksmith, if they were a leatherworker then that would be their secondary duty, and so on. The only exception to this would be a cook, to the best of my knowledge there was no dedicated cook, the men would always do their own cooking, with each 8 man tent section having their cooking set.
Yeap, but each contubernia had a mule carrying a milling stone, the tent and a big coocking pot. This mule was part of the baggage train of the legion and need a mule driver. Centurion had his own personal servants, especially primipilarii. You do not expect a centurion to coock his own meal. They were the non-combatant part of the legion. :)
Perry Martel ... yes, most of the baggage train was done away during marian reforms, but not completely. They still had a mule for each contubernia. And those mules were not driven alongside legionaries, but kept as baggage trains at the back of the legion. Mules which had to be driven and tender. Centurions also had a more ellaborate baggage train, as they could afford some servants and a bit of luxury even on the battlefield. This add some extra manpower to 80-men centuria. :)
Thanks for all your great videos, especially the ones concerning the early Roman Empire. I've been meaning for quite some time to request a video. The subject would be about Roman Intelligence(espionage) and it's
operatives. Speculatores, Frumentarii, the Arcani and Curiosi are some of the names I've come across. I've read some about the how and the why, which is simillar to any Intellligence operation. But I want more.
Best regards Fredrik Rylin.
I only recently found and subscribed to your channel, and already you have risen to be among my favorites. Keep it coming my Italian friend.
Excellent! You've actually answered two questions that have been brewing in my mind for some time: 1) the immediate difference between the order of soldiers from the Republican times to the Marian reforms; and 2) what Vico meant when, while explaining the decline of Italian military valour in the latter Roman empire, he alluded to the fact that the Roman nobility lost all ambition to enroll and fight in the army. Regarding the second point, it appears that the loss of the military office of the "tribunus laticlavius" was a rupture in the old "Cursus honorum." It's really interesting how the break with this political tradition followed the dynasty of the Severans --- the Severans, whose family origins were Semitic from North Africa, had no love for Italians! ----, who gave global citizenship to all inhabitants of the Roman empire while turning Italy into just another Province in the Roman Imperial system. Fascinating! Gratias tibi ago ex corde!
Loved the format of this video, Metatron, good stuff. Very slick and very informative! Loved it.
Your videos have evolved very well. I liked the older videos but this is next level stuff, super engaging and informative. I've definitely gained a whole new respect for other content creators after I started make videos myself, staying up super late editing footage and writing scripts. I know these videos are no easy feat. Much respect, keep up the good work.
Thank you very much for that :)
thank you sir for sharing your wealth of knowledge
Every time i see your videos i think to myself what a intelligent, holistic and interesting channel! I am so glad that you, Scall, Scolagladiatoria, Lindybeige and Shadiversity exist on youtube! What a fantastic company of knowledgeable young people with interests in essential values. Keep up the great work :)
Everytime I think of a centurion, all I hear in my mind is INCREDIBILIS!!!
Metatron seriously you are amazing, i love the videos especially all the detailed information is very appreciated. I hope you make some kinda money doing this. Don't stop doing it.
great video :) it has awesome energy, cool editing and was funny. not to mention interesting and knowledgeable, but that's a given in all of your work. thank you!
Great video!! you are one of my favourite channels, keep up the amazing work.
I learned a lot form this tutorial. For instance I did not know a Centurion was like a modern day Captain. Thans for sharing this and I really like the closing theme.
How different was the centurion armor from the rest of the legion?
Very. Do you want an example? this is a centurion: gyazo.com/752eb559ceb441167cfd878ebddd449f
Meriadoc Gunson they had more of those medals on their belt and more decorated tunics right?
How about the preturion guard
Anyone
They may have worn flashier and nicer armor but they were otherwise likely dressed no differently from the regular legions.
so nice to hear someone properly spell cæsar and centurion, instead of modern day english sizar and senturion.
Watched this one a bit late. You are so enthusiastic about all of this, it's awesome :) Good job!
INCREDIBILIS!
I was just trying to figure out what a centurion is and after you heroic information came out of no where. Centurion is my second favorite warrior right behind a samurai
From a fellow Roman fanboy: thanks for the video!
And finally someone who pronounces Latin in a 'correct' way. And some decent knowledge of war history. Like a cold breeze on a hot summer night.
Why did you have to show us Caligula at the end? I just recently discovered your channel and I absolutely love these historical videos. They are amazing.
Ok, my patreon pledge is in! My goal is to donate each time I see you post a video with full English subtitles, so far that is one video so one donation. Hope this helps! xoxo
Yes! Always love the Roman history videos.
Man, I love your videos !
The intro and outro music is so damn catchy !
Greetings from Germany ! :)
Hi Melation,
I am watching you from Northern Ireland, in the UK.
Do you have a video about the equipment that a centurion carried? In a lot of depictions of centurions they are wearing lorica hamata. Is this correct and if so would they not have been better protected in lorica segmentata like to legionary's under their charge? Also, what were the medals displayed on the chest of centurions? Were these metals badges of rank, or were they awarded for valour? Lastly, in the mini- series Barbarian there were shots of Roman soldiers wearing a coloured feather at each side of their helmet, was this another rank in the Roman Army?
I read early modern history and American c19 history at university. I have become intrested in Roman history of late through your channel. Keep up the great content noble one!
I love your content, even if your intros come right out of a 1980's glamour shot.
Can you make a folklore series based on Scandinavian spirits / the unnatural / gods etc etc (Of Scandinavia) ? That would be pretty cool after you are done with Japan series.
It was to my belief that the centuries were called centuries because they consisted of 80+20 men. 80 Legionaries and 20 slaves/helpers to cook, set-up tent, wash clothing etc
apologies for my english.
Love your videos.
I loved the good vibe on this video. And the actual info of course, very informative. ;)
The Science-Fiction Writer Harry Turtledove wrote a couple of series about a nation called Videssos, the first of which was called a Legion for Videssos. This was a portion of a Roman Legion sent on a semi-independent mission during Caesars expedition against Gaul. Could you talk a bit about the possible organization of that detachment.
Can you videos on cataphractii and clibanarii, their differences, usage, roles, usefulness, comparison with contemporary heavy cavalry and medieval knights, evolution and decline, etc.
Also can you do videos on:
1) The roman legion and military doctrine and how it changed thru the 1st to the 4th century AD.
2) Founding and organization of the different legions, the regions they were based in and why, vexillations, mascots, etc.
3) The military reforms of Diocletian. Comparison between the roman soldiers pre and post the reforms of Diocletian.
I like how you have different intro pictures to match the subject, like if its samurai vs Romans you will have a picture of you in each set of armour, if it's just romans like here you'd just have that one.
Grazie!
Senza questo video non mi sarei mai reso conto di quanto fossi interessato alla faccenda, né quindi mi sarei premurato di dare un'occhiata su Wikipedia al riguardo.
So qualcosa in più grazie a te, quindi... thanks dude!
Hello Rafael, it's nice to meet you again. Just wanted to tell you that I have been constantly watching your videos since you posted the one talking about Matpat from Game Theory, it's great since I could find your channel. Well, until next video!
Thank you very much for watching!
5:35 That graceful spin.
A fascinating piece of history Metatron.
good job metatron,greetings from Greece!!!Make a video about samurai ranks it would be rather interesting
Another great topic and video. Your work is great Metatron.
I would say at century level the Australian/British equivalent would be a company.The ranks equivalent is as follows. Lowest to highest. Decanus- Corporal (section commander)Tesserarius- Sergeant (company orderly sergeant)Signifer -Sergeant (company pay SGT)Optio- Captain/Warrant Officer class 2 (Company 2IC/Company sergeant major)Centurion- Major/Warrant officer class 2 (Company OC)
In U.S. Army Centurion sounds like someone to fill role of platoon Sergeant or First Sergeant.
Centurion is more like a Company Commander, thus a Captain. The Optio was more like the First Sergeant.
no. Centurion is more of a captain. he has sub units such as a Optio which would a be a lieutenant and a tesserarius / signifer being sergeants etc. @ Henoch44
Company is from 150 to 350 men, also, fist sergeant is in charge of company. We are talking enlisted here since description of centurions is about size, strength and performance in combat to be most important. (reading and writing) These are characteristics of Non Commissioned Officers and not brass. NCOs lead men from the front and they work for living.
It's closer than a Platoon. And it's clear that a Centurion is an officer. He holds life and death power over the men. The Romans have ranks that act as NCO's. Do you want to explain them all to you as you seem to take a interest in military units. @ Henoch44
You damn legend. you commented that as I was typing mine. Nice. @Armynurse. Have to disagree, though. Optio is not like first sergeant he does the same job as the centurion just from behind. His deputy commander the tesserarius is basically a sergeant. And the signifier is also basically a Sergeant. And in realistic terms the Dacanus is exactly a Corporal. Leading a Squad or as us brits say 'Section'
Me who is a centurion in a Roman game:
*"WRITE THAT DOWN, WRITE THAT DOWN"*
Nice video as always Raff, greetings
LoL :D :D :D The joke with the roman numbers at the beginning of the video...I´ve almost fell of my chair :D :D :D Good job, Metatron!
Another great and informative video!!!!
A centurion is equivalent to the commander of a large platoon. Cohorts were akin to contemporary fire teams that comprised squads in the platoon.
The Romans went from relying on a militia based forced led by an educated gentleman ( politician, influential gentry, or honored seasoned warrior) to a professional standing force led by professional military commander.
Metatron, you're content is great, as always--but I do have a slight correction. The Manipular legions did have centuries-- each maniple of hastati and principies (don't know about triarri) had two centuries (of 60 men) and each had a centurion, with the senior of the two commanding a maniple.
Thanks U for another great video, over Roman History.
Thanks for the video! I'm always confused which ones the centurions are, when I'm on the battlefield, but now it's clear!
Metatron, i noticed it in earlier vids, but especially clear in this one: your background. Or lack thereoff.
Please, consider getting a neutral background, with your themes, a wooden wall like Shad uses it probably serves you best.
And get a warmer light, you look sick and unhealthy with your one-sided, cold light.
I´m nowhere a professional camera technician, but i worked in photo retail and thus have a good eye on such details.
Those "complains" aside, i like what you do, keep up the good work.
Metatron, I would like to suggest using a lighter coloured backdrop. Not necessarily white, but lighter. You wear a lot of dark colours and you can appear to be just a floating head. This is a bit more of an issue when you wear your glorious black samurai armour. Just a suggestion. Keep up the good work.
Wonderful history. Thank you.
First-rate job! I know they are considered only a paramilitary organization, but have you considered doing a video on the VIGILES? After all, they might be considered the first real professional police and firefighters in existence. Keep up the good work!
Great vid as always. Can you do a video about Alexander and his army (equipment, strategy etc)?
Talk about Pre Smaurai Japan please. No one else really talks about them.
"Now, you can easily spot a Centurion."
You know... in the 21st Century.
I jest, I jest. This was a good video.
Give Arizona some time.
Informative and entertaining again. I wonder however if running this channel is preventing you from doing something greater with your life. This is not a criticism but rather a compliment to what I believe you can achieve so as you want to
Thankyou mate! Very informative and interesting i enjoyed learning from you
I thumbs up and subscribed.
I thought I was pretty knowledgeable regarding Roman Centurions, but I hadn't realised they wore their swords on the other side, or that the primus pilum would have been quite that old.
I guess it would be useful to have a front-line soldier with that much experience on your council.
Legatus: Flavius, you’ve been promoted from Optio to Centurion
Flavius: YAY!
Legatus: Now you go to the front of the century
Flavius: Oh shit!
My dad was a a centurion but he died in combat two years before I was born. But he was a a real hardcase. ;-)
Pieter Did he die at Cannae?
Insightful. Love it.
I wear My Gladius on My left and My 5" S&W 44 on My right
Good video. Especially good to hear someone speak Latin that doesn't do it in with an English accent (British or American or Canadian) .
What was that small unit composted of 8 men called? And was it run by a decturion?
just on Sunday i made my own thought about the modern rank and unit equality of a legion :) Most difficult question was if the centurio was a captain or a lieutenant, but i also came to the conclusion that he would more be like a captain. A cohors would be a battalion (lead by a lieutenant colonel) and a legion would be a brigade commanded by a Briadier.
+Metatron, what about Auxiliary units? Now obviously this is such a general question (like most of the ones you are asked) but as I understand it, Auxiliaries made up a very large proportion of the Roman army, especially after the Marian reforms. So what was their command structure? Did a Auxiliary Centurion or Optio hold rank over a legionary? Where did they fit into the command structure compared to other officers? What even was the composition of these units? Over time and location I know they varied hugely, but is it true at times they were almost exactly the same as cohorts just not roman citizens?
I don't think I've seen a video on Auxiliaries, apologies if one exists. Keep up the great work...Roma Victor!
Aside from Edward Gibbon's pre-eminent work "The Decline and fall off the Roman Empire", and Mary Beard's " SPQR"... What other relatively contemporary historical records of Roman history would you suggest? BTW... Your work is also truly exceptional. Incorporating spoken Latin into your work is fascinating and just wonderful. Please continue these videos.
Edward Gibbon is honestly worse than Sigmund Freud and Aristotle in how terrible of an effect his work has had. He's responsible for the myth that Rome fell in 476AD, but no one even in the middle ages thought Roman Empire was gone. Even the Ottomans had some claims to be called the Roman Empire, though that claim dwindled as time passed
hold up. According to my knowldedge, the maniple-system was introduced into the roman army during the samnite-wars (343-290 b.c.) so well within the republican period. Before this system was introduced, the romans used to fight in a greek like phalanx. The changes in army organisation and infantry tactics were made to adjust to the hilly and difficult country of samnium. The roman maniples were nicknamed a "phalanx with joints" due to the increased flexibility the individual maniples provided over a single-lined phalanx.
great vid btw.
Thank you for saying “BC and AD” instead of the ‘ce and bce ‘ bullshit.
From my experience in joining the Marines I think most modern Americans misunderstand the conditioning levels of the average recruit into Roman Army. I grew up being in sports, wrestling, football and Track plus being a farmer. I found Marine Bootcamp reactively easy physically. The psychology challenges were difficult but the marching, running and physical demands weren’t that bad. By the time I reached Infantry Training Regiment I could run 20 miles full pack rifle, equipment and finish the day in good shape. That was 1967-75.
Do all roman ranks please.
Love your videos
Centurion incredibilis
I love For Honor's Centurion I would definitely Be a Cent in rome times
Metatron,
Love your videos. I am writing a fictional novel about the Roman-Cimbrian war 114-101 BC. I need to learn more about the ranks of armies of the Roman republic. Can you share more about the ranks of the Roman armies that were Pre-Marian reforms? Also, how was the transition of the existing army into the cohort styled army? Do you have a video about this already? Thanks!
Have you read "Marius's Mules"... Great Roman fiction
Ah, the officer within the most famous & powerful nation of Antiquity! :D Hm, the way you describe them is that of a sergeant or corporal,
My thanks for posting this video, it was very informative, as always all the best
Sei un bravo ragazzo, ti amo, fratello!
I love your videos! BIG FAN :)
Even before Marius did some of his "reforms" Tiberius or Gaius Gracchus did some reform that dictated that state is paying for legionaries equipment.
Sick channel I watch all these vids thanks
What great branding from American Express. How cool is a centurion.
That was a badass intro
Just a quick thought. I think the legionaries wear the sword on their right so that they can draw as the throw their pila. Think about it, the heavy pila would be thrown just a few meters before contact. If the soldiers can use their other hand to draw at the same time, or at least pull it just halfway, it could speed up how quickly they draw. I can't think of another reason because it would just be too awkward to draw with the right hand on the right side of the hip.
UnitedJupiter I remember metatron mentioning in a previous video it's because drawing from same side is easier to draw in tight formation, and the belt holds down the sheath to enable doing so.