Top 10 Most Effective Helmets
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- čas přidán 14. 06. 2024
- This is my top ten list of the most effective helmets in history. Let me know yours!
Helm, a medieval word for protective combat headgear. The medieval great helm covers the whole head and often is accompanied with camail protecting throat and neck as well.
Two important helmet types to develop in antiquity were the Corinthian helmet and the Roman galea.
In the Middle Ages, many different military helmets and some ceremonial helmets were developed, almost all of these being made of metals. Some of the more important medieval developments included the great helm, the bascinet, the frog-mouth helm and the armet.
In its simplest form, the great helm was a flat-topped cylinder of steel that completely covered the head and had only very small openings for the eyes and mouth.
The great helm ultimately evolved from the nasal helmet, which had been produced in a flat-topped variant with a square profile by about 1180.
The bascinet was a Medieval European open-faced military helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap.
Soon after 1450 the "great bascinet" was rapidly discarded for field use, being replaced by the armet and sallet, which were lighter helmets allowing greater freedom of movement for the wearer. However, a version of the great bascinet, usually with a cage-like visor, remained in use for foot combat in tournaments into the 16th century.
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#Metatron #Helmets #top10
somewhere at the start of the medieval times people got the brilliant idea that you don't need to be able to see where you're swinging your sword when you're frickin invincible
Frickin
If u cant see then they probably cant hit
@@FIVExTIGERS Imagine decking your self out in all this armor, just for you to take a dagger to the balls
@Professor Weaboo only if you can get close and be that precise and I doubt anybody would approach a armored knight swinging a long sword like a baseball bat armed only with a dagger
@@sean_9138 Think of a knight battling an enemy knight. You can either use a dagger or a maze. A dagger is way easier to carry around.
“Top 10 best helmets”
*actually includes 17*
lel
More content; can't complain tbh
Always welcome bonus contents 😁
Reverse click bait
The video says top 11 too lol
Let’s be honest, no one searched this but we’re glad we watched it
Eleven
One ty one
Bro...
@@blustgt8814 what...
@@Squid-Game look at his pfp
@@blustgt8814 oooooh alr thabks
@@Squid-Game thabks
6:18 most happiest horse in a battle I've ever seen in my life. And I've seen hundreds of drawings like that. What a bundle of joy.
The one in the red barding looks depressed lol
ahahah... true!
That is Gandalf after being brought back as "The White" ready to kick ass at full power
Edit: not the horse, but still in the same frame
he´s just happy to be included
Cute drawing
6:19 that horse looks way too happy being in a war and it's lowering the enemy horse's self-esteem.
Happiness is the best way to assert dominance.
New cartoon: happy knight horse
medieval meme artist confirmed
I didn't notice that.
That's hilarious
That one is certainly bred for war.
He’s speaking in a way like he’s expecting us to buy one of these helmets for Home Defense in the Modern day
I'd buy one
How well would they fare against a .50 caliber though?
@@geradosolusyon511 pffft, just throw a javelin at the guy, he wont be living for long
I have number 3 though...
@@geradosolusyon511 a little bit worse than nothing
CZcams algorithm: “yeah just send it, they know by now that they’ll watch anything”
lol
I camed for a meme
😂 “hmm I guess my helmet knowledge IS limited….”
@@brianakelley123 lmaoo right
Me waking up at 4 pm: “dang my sleep schedule sucks, you know what! Im gonna sleep at 12 am i dont care if im not tired!”
*me at 7 am:* top 10 most effective helmets
I started watching this video around 7 too xd
How in the world can someone wake up at 4 pm?????
@@nathanielredig3957 bro I just woke up and it's 8:09 pm
@@nathanielredig3957 me sadly and like 99% of people who are in college
Me in this exact moment
"This is a bucket"
"Dear god"
"There's more"
*"Noooo"*
R.I.P Rick May a legend now gone
lol
God*
@Tyrese K gOd
This makes me so happy
The jousting helmet looks like you'd drown if it started raining.
But if you got into a lake with water up to your nose you would NOT drown, so its got that going for it
Greg M. Pastur wow that’s a crazy function
Well just lower your head!
Or youve got instant access to water when your thirsty
FerocityGames ‘tis only asthma
Norman helmet: They may break my neck or slice my aorta, YET they will never break my crooked nose!
Applause
To be fair, it'd protect a lot more of your face than *just* the nose.
“The helmet is good because it protects your head”
ah yes, the floor is made out of floor
5: Onion helmet
4: Sunbro helmet
3: Silver knight helmet
2: Blacknight helmet
1: Elite knight helmet
Praise the sun
Shura Lothric knights forever
Eleum loyce knights forever.
\[T]/
No faraam I'm disappointed
Normal people at 2am: sleeeep
Me at 2am: TOP 10 HELMETS
Kappa Pride omg its 2 am right now here
damn it really do be 1;30 am rn
*looks at clock* 1:59am... that was eerily accurate...
3:32
2:07 here
I love the fact that someone is passionate enough about this topic to make a top 10 list. Subscribed out of respect
One of my favorite books as a kid, T. H. White’s “The Once And Future King”, first made me think about helmet practicality instead of just how cool they looked. The book is a retelling of the Arthurian romance. At one point White declares that Launcelot always wore a plain unadorned helm for jousting rather than one which had an elaborate heraldic sculpture on the top, because the opponent’s lance could lodge in the details of the sculpture and knock you off your horse. I had never thought of it that way before.
Nice video.
History: "It's all about practicality"
Me: " No no no, it's all about *FASHION SOULS* boi"
Ah, A person of culture.
Armor doesn't do anything, so might as well fashion souls
Agreed
@@cosmicostrich3657 armor does a lot, especially combined with the fact that an average person wouldn't had had the money or the freedom to afford high end armor of the time, while an upper class person wouldn't had been wasted in the massacre part of a battle and would had been better trained - so they had, relative to an average person - 3 extra points to survivability.
@@memespeech No I was talking about in Dark Souls, not real life
Me: "What are these arrows shaped holes in this helmet?"
Helmet Salesman: "Those are speed holes. They make your head go faster."
Underrated comment
@@gavinhoward602 tis indeed under rated
pin it pls
Nice
Homer
My home defence setup:
Bascinet fitted with hounskull: For deflecting arrows and low caliber bullets. Also adds an inhuman intimidation factor.
European full-plate chest: For defence against bodystrikes with swords/spears. Shoulderplates are also reccomended.
Leggings: Any sort of cloth trousers. (The dark chambers in my homestead will obscure my figure, and will negate my foes fucus.)
Pair of sabatons: For kicking of adversaries private parts, and the thunder of my steps will create an ominous and threatening aura.
Norman kite shield: For denying enemies passage through doorways.
Short spear: For thrusting and eventual execution.
Good partings!
Everybody knows the Corinthian helmet is the most effective and has the most drip in combat
The Armet would beg to differ
I think the flat topped great helm (the classic one you see) has high drip levels too
the italian salat is the real drip
*Happy Sir Gideon noises*
Ancient helmets: So they protect the nose, chins and decend to the neck. They also look badass
Medivial helmets: *Hey, look at this cool bucket I found!*
my ancestors be like
Well as you can see by this vid the medieval helmets are all better
Modern times: turtle shells for protection
@@jamesmarshall6932 yes but is crazy that the romans and Greeks were on the right path from the start.
@@jamesmarshall6932 I'm not sure if I can see that. For example, early greathelms had a flat top. The very similar Corinthian helmet had a rounded top to deflect blows. And that was over 1500 years earlier.
The illustrations of swords chopping through steel helmets are just earlier proof that people always like to exaggerate a little bit.
True that!
Obviously it’s proof that aliens came and gave one group of people better swords 4head. Historical paintings always tell the truth
I think it also greatly proves that many of the paintings were done by artists (duh) that often didn't have a lot of combat experience.
James Arrendell History Channel 😂
Chicken Little lmao
Title: “Top 10 helmets”
Proceeds to name what feels like 50
I know absolutely nothing about medieval combat, but my absolute favourite helmet throughout history is the Salat. For all the technical benefits it brings to the table, I think it just looks absolutely gorgeous. It's a very good blend between strength and agility in terms of its shape.
Her: "He probably think about another women"
Me: TOP 10 HELMETS
You don’t even have a girl
@@user-fq1cc4zb9p *anime profile picture*
czcams.com/video/iJbKd31xtUk/video.html .
@@blankblank5409 lol
@@user-fq1cc4zb9p I was gonna say the same thing lol
Brushing martial functionalities aside, the craftsmanship of these helmets alone is art on it's purest form.
If you ever get a chance, the MET in New York has a wonderous collection of the art side of the Martial Arts.
For sure.
I mean it's difficult beating out those shapes even with modern tools like electric drills, angle grinders and pneumatic hammers.
Doing it with period tools was a real chore.
Imagine crafting a Greatsword with 15th century technologies. That would take so long to finish.
@@lowlandnobleman6746 lol thats kinda what im trying to do, I'm trying to make a War Cleaver and other then my modern anvil I use an electric blower for my coal fire. It is a real pain working it by hand
@@sevenproxies4255 and the medieval smiths could make hundreds if not thousands of these for the troops. Salutations to them.
I’m not into history but this video is well made and deserves views.
One tiny nitpick: There's another helmet called the "close helmet" that is like an armet, but better. a close helmet opens front-to-back down the middle (the bevor pivots with the visor) while an armet opens side-to-side at the cheek plates, making the close helmet more sturdy against attacks from the front. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_helmet#/media/File:Close_helm_armet_open.svg)
Indeed.
Metatron, where's the video about women underwear. It's been years man. We're still waiting.
I truly hope that the tradicional japanese female underwear video is in his 'to do' list
Breast plates. :P
I'm still waiting for his review of The Messenger, the story of Joan of Arc (1999)
9:30 the frog mouth, or as we all know the "helmet of the unbreakable"
Ah, good ol Patches
A fine dark soul to you
czcams.com/video/iJbKd31xtUk/video.html .
@@svenwoden Lapp sucks indeed 0/10
Like Lapp and Eleum loyce knights had a baby
I literally have done my own research on middle age - renaissance helmets and came to the exact same conclusion as shown in your list for the second half, that's awesome, man. I gotta say, my favorite has always been stuck between the Armet and the Italian closed Sallet. The designs are just so beautiful to look at.
Who else saw the thumbnail and thought: "My man Lapp! He knew what's goood!"
Just gonna say, called who he was
🙋🏻♂️
6:18 That horse, though. That horse is *really* excited.
poggers
*excited* in what way? ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
LMFAO
And the other one looks depressed.
Lol
This man is amazing.
“Reverse clickbait”
-Wise person in this comment section I can’t find
@@Thebeaver-px1gc
I just found him somewhere above this comment.
And there were 2 at number 11
“Reverse clickbait”
-random person in the comments
not liking this post because it has 666 likes XD
The Corinthian looks the best ,very smart ,beautiful style ,and very effective for its time !
7:20 headbutting would've worked effectively against light/no armor, as the knight would stab the pointy end inside above the collar bone to severe some primary arteries, damage chest bones / lungs or to carve out some prefrontal cortex.
Forgot polearms, this is the REAL bec-de-corbin
The corinthian helmet is not the same thing without that badass mohawk
Crests are better imo
Don’t cool features like that make the helmet easier to tip over with a polearm or a spear from a distance?
@@enkh-erdenebatbold1177 I think so. But in ancient greece there were only short spears on the phalanx and rocks or javelins to throw from distance, so i don't think it was really a problem
perdi
@@barney28
He's not talking about the team
I love how medieval iconography can be both adorable and badass at the same time
Yes!
It also is tricky to draw. I tried it like three times but I couldn't make my drawings look like authentic medieval ones😂
V
Vvv
Personally I love the giant snails attacking knights lol
Big fan of the Armet too. The Bascinet is one of my favorites as well, the more modular versions I've seen seem quite useful and versatile. Not as protective as many helms but a good option if you are a man at arms or something.
I would like to see a top 10 list of modern helmets.Found this one interesting 👍.
Stahlhelm
You forgot the strongest helmet...
The double layered plastic bucket.
Dazdrasen Konstantin that gave me a flash back to my childhood. Playing knights in the woods behind my trailer park I used to live in😂 smacking each over the head with sticks using buckets as helmets😂😂
But dude, they’re like a million dollars.
The metal buckets that the zombies from Plants vs. Zombies use
I heard a story once where a home depot employee was saved by bucket from a shelf falling
That can surely defeat Kratos!
Whoever designed the Corinthian helmet he is a genius.
It looks cool, but probably sucks to wear, and impossible to hear anyone with.
@@histguy101 yeah they should remake one in the medieval ages, make it out of iron and make some small holes by the side to be able to hear
And also had a thing for sausages.
@@histguy101 Corinthian soldier: WHAT DID YOU SAY??? CAN'T HEAR YOU SORRY!
Many had ear holes bruh
I'm so happy the bascinet got so high on this list! It's my favorite looking helmet and even if it's not the best helmet compared to certain other kinds it'll always have a place in my heart. Godspeed, you ugly-but-beautiful canine helmet of legend!!!
such a simple basic video and yet
informative, good pace, no distractions with intro or music
it's not hard to make a good video
Awesome. Absolutely loved this video. Cheers Metatron!
Yes
Was there a time when Roman helmets were only made out of bronze
Yes most Republican times
Thanks
@Pasha Staravoitau Perhaps if iron shortages occurred
@Pasha Staravoitau Yes. Working Iron was hard so in the early iron age bronze armour and iron/steel weapons were used. Pre/Early republican Rome or ancient Greek for instance.
ukezi I doubt they had steel at that kind of time?
this was very enjoyable. so many youtubers are annoying but you get to the point and speak very well
I'm working on design for modern equivalent because back then it was less about money and more about what works, thank you metatron for sharing a small part of your great wealth of knowledge on this subject.
For Roman legionnaires, it was leg day, everyday.
Carlos E R Pimentel marching all over Europe and Asia? Yeah pretty much.
@@lexi9956 don't forget Africa
Then they must've had sever muscle degradation from never having a recovery period. Their chicken legs held up an empire!
@@andrewgodly5739 they usually had rest in winter. If there was not an urgency they prefer to fight in spring- Summer.
@@svenwoden Well pointed out. No wonder their infantry was so hard to break.
I'm glad I'm not the only one who likes the Frog-mouth Helm.
I think you mean *Lapp's Helm!
@@bradleydoyle6752 Yes and no.
Kinda looks sturdier than other helmets.
There's definitely something very modern about the design... perhaps even science fiction-like.
Reminds me of ChernoAlpha from Pacific Rim.
I like the design of the Corinthian helmet best. Sallet helmets look nice too.
This sounds like that channel on the TV where people try to presuade to buy these items but this is actually far better .
Take a shot every time he say
"Lorica Segmentata" 🤣
Can I do It too? :3
@@metatronyt Yes, but only if you've eaten your pasta ration for the day. Pasta makes a knight strong as and resilient.
@@metatronyt she likes to take a shot at the lorica segmentata
Love me some segmentata first thing in the morning.
Justin Mckay dont you mean smegmentata?
3:35 i just found it funny you showed a skeleton picture and said "it provides very good protection" XD
lol
czcams.com/video/iJbKd31xtUk/video.html .
Not for that guy
Wow. Your delivery is fast but very articulate. I learned so much in just a few minutes! SUBSCRIBED!
I never knew I needed all this information, but I'm glad I now have it
"Oh wow I wonder why this helmet is effective"
*Made in Rome*
"Oh no wonder"
Did you notice he mentioned that Chinese helmets weren't as famous? Wonder why...
@@justanotherbum007 probably cuz they sucked
czcams.com/video/iJbKd31xtUk/video.html .
Hey the romans were awesome
@@justanotherbum007 Copy and Paste
Me: have to go to work in an hour
Also me: TOP TEN EFFECTIVE HELMETS!
Ahahah
Why is Paul Pierce watching videos about helmets?
really enjoyed the video. thanks for making it
I like the Corithian helmet because it’s the inspiration for Mandalorian helms.
Cringe sci fi
@@AverageAlien your comment is impeccably more cringe than his you troglodyte
@@joerogansscrotum2409 cringe defense of cringe sci fi
@@AverageAlien cringe response for a cringe profile who’s about to get doxed to oblivion
@@joerogansscrotum2409 cringe reply for a salty nobody that nobody cares even exists
Being a retired helmet maker/ Armorer, Your research was impeccable! Thanks for an excellent video. I loved to make the Norman style with a welded 3 or 4 piece conical and the chain mail coif! Next I labored long and hard to produce a Corinthian (2 piece, welded with neck piece welded to body......0 Such beautiful classic lines but hard to make. I did play with the Italian /German Sallet but always had problems matching the pieces and was never really pleased with the results. Ended my time with doing a modified Corinthian with extra eye protection (bars wielded in eye splits to not obstruct vision and welding the same type bars or round stock to keep the nosepeice from being pushed in) and opening either perforated ear on the side of helmet with covering to deflect top hits and strengthen the weaken area.
Damn, I’d have loved to get a set to go in my study, sure wish there more people with these skills!
That is one of the best jobs ever my dude
Helmet makers are a thing nowadays?
Damn, long comment lol
Give this man a knight.
4:12 "Welcome to the wheat fields"
😂😂😂
"Welcome to the rice field mudda fuka"
-Filthy Frank
@@user-ks4cs7tn5p i just though of that xD
Looks like a Skyrim bowl
Very informative.
I'll try to remember this tier list if I'm ever sent to the medieval era.
He is talking about historic combat helms which saved many people. But the helmet that will save your life is your bicycle helmet, motorcycle helmet, and construction hard hat
4:13 that’s not a kettle hat, that’s a Skyrim bowl
czcams.com/video/iJbKd31xtUk/video.html .
Soldier: I HAVE A HELMET, I AM COMPLETELY SAFE!
*gets stabbed in the chest
Soldier: damnit.
I heard that in the TF2 Soldier voice
@@akumaking1 rip
@@akumaking1 Same!
F
Delightful video! Thanks for sharing it 😊
*Me at 12:00 A.M:” I need to sleep.”*
*CZcams: Top Ten Helmets”*
*Me:” INTERESTING!”*
"top 10 helmets, starting at number 11" wtf
Ja, ja, ja
czcams.com/video/iJbKd31xtUk/video.html .
Reverse clickbait
Proceeds to show 17 helmets lol
This list goes to 11.
finally, a helmet for me to ride my bike around in style.
Love that you brought up the Frogmouth. It looks super silly and rad but their was very little peripheral and it was too clunky and heavy for real combat, but it still looks awesome.
Thank you for your insight
he's talking like he's running an auction and was ready for bidders to start bidding
I’m over here watching at 2x speed lol
oh absolutely
"a sullet allows you to personalize and customize the experience depending on your needs"
@@obamgma bruh I was on that part
9:33
Beanpole ahead, be wary of trio
Dark Souls 2 everyone?
Duncan the Tall
Remember Giant Dad.
Dont give up skeleton.
@@Eldariur well, what is it?
@@muadzm9496, and yes, theses 3 god damn ruined sentinels...
Still have PTSD.
Thanks! I’ll be sure to use one of these for my next tank build
great video, very informative!
Real Crusades History _and_ a Metatron upload tonight? You guys are spoiling me.
I love Real Crusades History! I followed that channel since it was very small.
Emanuel Vanzetti me too. J is a very awesome dude. So is Metatron. They should do a collaboration.
Also he always sites primary sources and i just love that
RCH seems very heavily biased.
@@obesespringroll3997 He's definitely very biased, no serious historian looking for a neutral and general perspective on history would ever take him seriously
Film makers: Remove their helmets to better identify them
Me:
And of course the head is the *first* thing that is ever armoured!
Honestly, even a non-wounding blow to the head stuns you to the point where you're easy meat for the next strike. I was told a long time ago that a man off balance isn't a fighter, he's a victim.
And of course the medieval 'blow of wrath' ('zornhau') is a slightly slanting cut to just above the ear from above. It's thought that it was called this because it's the instinctive cut in a fight; the first thing you do is hack at the head.
You know it wouldn't be so hard to identify people if they didn't mute all the colors like they do. Could literally color code the heroes. The Noble King character would Red (Or Blue) and Gold. The Dastardly Villain, green and black. The Noble Knight, Blue and Silver, ect, ect. Just create recognizable color patterns and heraldry for all of your main character, and suddenly you can pick them out of a crowd even when they are armored from head to toe. Even if you have to be a bit heavy handed with it, it's still more historical and visually interesting than what they do now.
Could you imagine the first time you are introduced to a character being bombarded with their primary color scheme, and motif's, allowing you to track them, their actions, and involvement in many different situations without ever needing to see their face, or even hear their name? That would be freaking art.
The Most annoying thing for me is, when someone strikes an enemy with thick Blade armour with his sword and they just Go Down like their armour was made out of thin air.
Looking at you Lord of the rings.
@@patrickbuckley7259 It's probably more so that we can better see their feelings than identify them.
It’s soooooo annoying
Nice Presentation👍🏼. Thank You.
I love the Salat's design as well as most other German armor. (I also like all the others as well.)
Did anyone get Darksouls flashbacks on the Frogmouth? Fkin patches ready to push you off a cliff.
CobaltMilsim eleyum Loyce
lmao
The comeback they made guarding the entrance to the last map of the game as an army of ghost archers...
He still own me 2 kick
Knights of the Nine I wasn’t paying attention to them since I was too busy evading every volley
9:30 now imagine yourself wearing It in a rainy day, and you'll feel like a true frog...
"croak"
Bravo! Superb review!
Roman: Hey Nico lets go bowling.
I would like this but you have 69 likes
@@jakewiggins7205 I ruined it you can like now
O Galo I hope ur happy
Bruh. My name’s Nico.
A man of culture I see.
9:30 I have trust issues when I see this helm for... Reasons I'm sure you can understand
Be wary of trio.
Lawbringer?
Yung Dung nah bro it’s my nigga patches
Oh hello patches
Patches(dark souls 3), Sentries(dark souls 2) and Lawbringer (for honour)
Great list, and I totally agree with your top choice. What a beauty.
Very nice video @metatron. I enjoyed it and like that you used old drawing from the era as well as recovered remains instead of exclusively using modern illustrations.
5:30 I think it’s time for another
c r u s a d e
*DEUS VULT*
Please No I Beg. Just Let The Jews And Us Muslims Have Jerusalem. please Man.
Saladin : so be it
@@seljukturk53 too late, the crusade has been called
I wish
9:33 Wait, Eleum Loyce Knights Helmet is actually real? WHAT????
Lapp???
@@trollguy3339 same thing I thought 😂
Ruin helm
Best Jeanist would wear that
Lapp top
never heard such passion about a helmet. great video!
That was an amazing video and yes, indeed I enjoyed watching that
Most of these helmets were related to the Italic Peninsula. SPQR x ever
@Brantius Riximium Italian metalworks were still excellent during both world wars, problem is... there was no metal at all, that's why the paper thin bolted armor.
Look at italian engineering. Pure art but definitely not a lot of resources.
Italian tanks in ww2 were utter memes
@@deathlygrim6673 ok bro.
@@deathlygrim6673 my ancestors made them look like memes before that Allies were running😆
Frogmouth is also one of my favs too. So intimidating. Turns an identifiable human enemy into some kind of alien monster.
Awesome vid!
The frog mouth might actually work for sword fighting if it was slightly modified. I used a similar idea for my book for the main army by having the eye section more open our to see properly but the orcs added spikes and other accessories to the top and sides to look more to their culture. Their were three different ideas I made for soldiers, artillery users and leaders.
The flat-topped great helm reminded me irresistibly of a certain scene in "Monty Python and the Holy Grail". King Arthur proposes to his companions that they go to Camelot. We get some quick scenes from Camelot -- including someone using several knights, wearing such helmets, as a drum set. It's only half a second long, but it cracks me up every time.
Let's not go to Camelot. It is a silly place.
@@fransbuijs808 "Look my liege! Camelot! - Camelot! - Camelot! - It's only a model.... - shhh!" xD
9:32 eyyyy Amnesiac Lapp is on this list. You know the armor is good when it gets you through The Ringed City
*excuse me, i think you mean ruin sentinel*
@@ray8649 no that's not the ruin Sentinel armor
Ray 46 ruin sentinels have helms that are more pointed to the top
@@ray8649 thats a loyce knight helmet
Unbreakable Patches more like
Amnesiac Lapp
😎
CZcams's algorithm won't stop surprising me. Awesome video btw!
@6:18 lol that horse looks so happy. Great video btw.
European ancestors: mastering forging and smithing skills to protect themselves*
Mongols and turks: "Hey! This leather looks good on me today"
And yet the Mongols still managed to conquer Eastern Europe...
Mongols were just better tacticians and were a faster army everything on cavalry.
"Actually..."
Steppe peoples, for over 2000 years, have been known for heavily-armored shock cavalry. It's definitely the case that their signature mode of attack was the lightly-armored archer, but every major steppe people, from the Skythians to the Sarmatians, Avars, Magyars, and all the way to the Mongols and Manchus had a corps of metal-armored lancer cavalry acting as the hammer that smashed troops pinned down by the archers. Chinggis Khan was said to have decreed that two fifths of his warriors be armored lancers, and the rest, light archers.
These were probably the first very heavily-armored cavalry, and were the most heavily armored cavalry around until the European high middle ages, when the man-at-arms began to overtake them. Their armor consisted of chain mail, scale, or lamellar armor (like Japanese do-maru*), and their primary weapon was a lance, often supplemented by a bow. This formula (armor, lance, bow) was so powerful that it was copied, exactly and shamelessly, by the settled societies that were in contact with these steppe peoples, particularly the Chinese, the Sassanian Persians, and most famously, the Eastern Roman Empire, where they were called the "cataphract."
It was such an effective type of unit that the only thing that really caused its decline was the widespread use of gunpowder weapons by infantry, but even then, they were used well into the 1600s by the Manchus, and to a lesser extent, the Mughals in their conquest of India.
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* Based on the composition and nature of traditional Japanese armor (which bears several cruicial resemblances to the armor of steppe peoples), the existence of Yabusame, and a number of other factors, I'm convinced that the people we now call the Japanese arrived in Japan around 0 BC (give or take a few hundred years), and were previously a steppe-dwelling group.
@Nom The Mongols smashed... *smashed* ... multiple European *proper armies* time after time. Mongol scouts are known to have probed deep into Germany proper, possibly as far as the Rhine, and several cities that were just to the northeast of Vienna were raided and pillaged by small harassment forces, of a thousand or so. These were eventually driven away, but it required the full military focus of the Holy Roman Empire, the most powerful polity in central Europe at the time, to do. The degree of panic this caused in Europe was so high that the Pope of the time (I forget which), declared that expelling the Mongols from Europe was, in essence, a sort of defensive crusade, which had the effect of drawing very strong and well-organized western European forces, including, on many occasions, the Teutonic Knights and the Knights Templar, much further to the east than you might ordinarily find them, and they participated in many battles trying to keep the Mongols out of Poland, Hungary, and Bulgaria. Western Knights were usually *obliterated* by the Mongols unless they held a considerable advantage of numbers and position.
The only thing that stopped the Mongols was that the leaders of the invasion had to stop invading and return to Mongolia in order to elect a new Khan when the previous one died. This phenomenon saved many nations, all over Eurasia, on many occasions.
@@racoonlittle1679 Armour penetrating arrows and masses of cavalry were clearly most effective