The Peopling of the Pacific | The Last Great Human Expansion
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- čas přidán 9. 08. 2022
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References
Bedford, S., & Spriggs, M. (Eds.). (2019). Debating Lapita: distribution, chronology, society and subsistence (Vol. 52). ANU Press.
Benton, M., Macartney-Coxson, D., Eccles, D., Griffiths, L., Chambers, G., & Lea, R. (2012). Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals novel haplotypes in a Polynesian population. PloS one, 7(4), e35026.
Carson, M. T. (2013). Austronesian migrations and developments in Micronesia. Journal of Austronesian Studies, 4(1), 25-50.
Flexner, J., & Leclerc, M. (2019). Complexities and diversity in archaeologies of Island Melanesia. In J. Flexner & M. Leclerc (Eds.), terra australis 51: Archaeologies of Island Melanesia (pp. 1-8). Acton, Australia: ANU press
Friedlaender, J. S., Friedlaender, F. R., Reed, F. A., Kidd, K. K., Kidd, J. R., Chambers, G. K., ... & Weber, J. L. (2008). The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders. PLoS genetics, 4(1), e19.
Hung, H. C., Carson, M. T., Bellwood, P., Campos, F. Z., Piper, P. J., Dizon, E., ... & Chi, Z. (2011). The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas. Antiquity, 85(329), 909-926.
Ioannidis, A. G., Blanco-Portillo, J., Sandoval, K., Hagelberg, E., Barberena-Jonas, C., Hill, A. V., ... & Moreno-Estrada, A. (2021). Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks. Nature, 597(7877), 522-526.
Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Weiss, G., Underhill, P., Roewer, L., Schiefenhövel, W., & Stoneking, M. (2000). Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes. Current Biology, 10(20), 1237-1246.
Kayser, M., Lao, O., Saar, K., Brauer, S., Wang, X., Nürnberg, P., ... & Stoneking, M. (2008). Genome-wide analysis indicates more Asian than Melanesian ancestry of Polynesians. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 82(1), 194-198.
Lipson, M., Skoglund, P., Spriggs, M., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., Shing, R., ... & Reich, D. (2018). Population turnover in remote Oceania shortly after initial settlement. Current Biology, 28(7), 1157-1165.
Moodley, Y., Linz, B., Yamaoka, Y., Windsor, H. M., Breurec, S., Wu, J. Y., ... & Jobb, G. (2009). The peopling of the Pacific from a bacterial perspective. Science, 323(5913), 527-530.
Patrick, V. K. (2010). Peopling of the Pacific: A holistic anthropological perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 131-148.
Posth, C., Nägele, K., Colleran, H., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., Kami, K. W., ... & Powell, A. (2018). Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(4), 731-740.
Sear, D. A., Allen, M. S., Hassall, J. D., Maloney, A. E., Langdon, P. G., Morrison, A. E., ... & Pearson, E. (2020). Human settlement of East Polynesia earlier, incremental, and coincident with prolonged South Pacific drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8813-8819.
Specht, J., Denham, T., Goff, J., & Terrell, J. E. (2014). Deconstructing the Lapita cultural complex in the Bismarck Archipelago. Journal of Archaeological Research, 22(2), 89-140.
Skoglund, P., Posth, C., Sirak, K., Spriggs, M., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., ... & Fu, Q. (2016). Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific. Nature, 538(7626), 510-513.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Summerhayes, G. (2010). Early Lapita in the west: Updates and revision. In 2009 International Symposium on Austronesian Studies (pp. 26-55). Taidong, Taiwan: National Museum of Prehistory.
Wilson, W. H. (2018). The northern outliers-East Polynesian hypothesis expanded. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 389-423.
Wollstein, A., Lao, O., Becker, C., Brauer, S., Trent, R. J., Nürnberg, P., ... & Kayser, M. (2010). Demographic history of Oceania inferred from genome-wide data. Current biology, 20(22), 1983-1992.
Wu, P. H. (2016). What Happened at the End of Lapita: Lapita to Post-Lapita Pottery Transition in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea (Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago, Aotearoa).
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I'm in awe in how the Polynesians inhabited the rest of Polynesia..just truly astonishing,the long voyages they had to endure til they finally found land,but then to keep hitting the multiple lands more than once and sustaining themselves til this day,creating what we know as the Polynesian triangle..but it's just awesome to be Pacific Islander,as well as our beautiful cousins of Melanesia & Micronesia..proud of our Nesian ancestors and our connections..
I know right! It's so incredible how our ancestors settled the Pacific.
Yea it is crazy. Im not poly but im still proud
I think they used birds as navigator. Without any help, they wouldn't... my opinion...
@@pulanspeaks In my opinion, Stephen Oppenheimer's theory from his book Eden In The East makes more sense than the theory out of Taiwan. because about 11 thousand years ago the land of Sundaland sank and spread Austronesian people all over the world and during the last ice age the earth's temperature dropped 12-15 degrees Celsius cooler than the earth's temperature now, humans in ancient times could not survive in areas other than the In the tropics, the Sundaland region was a gathering place for people in large numbers in the past because it was a tropical area and after the ice age ended and the sea level rose significantly, the Sundaland Austronesian people spread out. While we consider this as logical, I will add that in West Java there is a Gunung Padang megalithic site which is around 6 thousand years BC and even that can be recognized as even older if the structure taken from underground on Mount Padang is confirmed to be man-made. because it is around 13-28 thousand years BC, it is much longer than before the end of the ice age. and the Gunung Padang megalithic site has the same structure as the nan madol in the Pacific, the age of the nan madol site is around 2 AD. Gunung Padang was built by humans who already have civilization and could not have been built by Homo Sapiens humans. I don't know, I just want to discuss this
@@MehesaWongAtelengHi I'm Polynesian and would like to learn more about this. I'm Polynesian and want to connect the dots
Born by a Samoan mother and Kenyan dad, I've always wanted to know my Polynesian roots. I want to explore the Pacific islands one of this days
Good on you champ I admire Samoa alot... something about that island
Your mother is automatically born of nobility as a samoan she probably has a royal bloodline, if her father or mother holds a family title then you too are of royalty and can be offered a title and land depending on your service back to your village and people, this is the mastery of the fa'a samoa. This is also how Tonga fiji Rarotonga Hawaii Kiribati, Tahiti ect .. are connected with Samoa.
You're always welcome home brother
Y all my lost brother i from Jawa Indonesia🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩
@@JawaKawi much love to our brothers in Java
I’m part Polynesian and part Māori New Zealand but born in Australia and always thought about my ancestors and their roots and journey
Born from a hawaiian mother and samoan father. I am very proud of my ancestors. The things they accomplished with out all the modern bells and whistles will go down as one of the greatest in human history. One of the best or if not the best maritime peoples. I'm so proud
Hey, Is there call makean people ini Hawaii??
Truly the story of Humanity's *best* Mariners.
The expansion across the Oceanic Pacific by the Polynesians are the pinnacle, epitome ultimate Maritime Seafaring accomplishment.
There's traces of Lapita people here in Fiji. We have loads of their remains in pottery and artifacts in our national museum in Suva.
The fact that Yap was settled by people from the Admiralty islands makes perfect sense, the islands that today make up the Manus province of Papua New Guinea. The inhabitants of the Manus islands appear to be a mix of Melanesian and Micronesian, the Manus-Titan tribe of Manus province are renowned seafarers and they have legends of travelling to faraway places which are called Yap in their Titan language. Their forefathers navigated by the evening star and they knew compass directions. Today their term for foreign land “kor e yap” translates literally to “place of the Yap”
This is one of my most favorite channels, I love learning about my fellow islanders. It makes me feel less alone
Si Yu'os ma'ase'! I'm this is one of your favorite channel.
A like isn't enough. This was just what I was looking for, thank you, nga mihi, salamat.
Hi! I'm from the Philippines, and 99% of ordinary Filipinos here (not the upper class mixed sino-filipinos or eurasians) look similar to the people in your thurmbnail. Micronesians are very similar to us in many ways. Its good that you're helping to educate a lot of people - for example, here, Austronesian migration theory is little known. We're compared by Westerners with Chinese and i.e. Thai people, who we don't have much in common with despite us all being Asians. Whereas our closest kin in the Northern Marianas are seen as 'others' by our people, even though we were all under the Spanish East Indies and share a common origin. Its a huge shame what colonization, stereotypes, and historic amnesia does to people.
I’ve met alot Micronesian here and in Hawaii. And im telling you, they are not like phhillpinos. Not even close. One is Asian and the other is Pacific Islander
Filipinos look like Indonesians, Thai, and Vietnamese to me. There isnt a single thing that Filipinos share with Pacific Islanders that no other Asian do. Not a single thing. But Chamorros and some Micronesians do look Southeast Asian.You have so much history with China and the rest of Asia. Even before they colonized you, the Philippines was ruled by rajas from ancient India. Filipinos is just a melting pot of Asians.
@@daneironfoot2696 Some Micronesians and Philipinos look similar in appearance but I think Micronesians just look similar to a lot of other South East Asians, like Indians too.
@@dodioxoopey8843 look alike but two are different. One is Asian, one is Pacific Islander
@@daneironfoot2696 Yes I know that 😭 I’m only commenting on appearance.
And what’s crazy is how did the entire Polynesian and melanesians lost the art of way finding only to be taught again by a Micronesian master way finder Mau. May he Rest in Peace 🙏🏾
It came full circle. Islanders in the south taught us how to read stars long before the colonizers brought their money and bible. The respect is mutual among the 3Nesian. Love my Pacific people❤️🔥
Thank you so much for sharing this greatly informative video! I like how you integrated the language history groupings with the archaeology dating. Good luck with the Patreon!
They settled and traveled the largest ocean on the planet at a time people thought you'd sail off the face of the earth.
The Nakanai people of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea in the Bismarck Archipelago speak Nakanai language, a language known as Austronesian language, and become the family language of Central Pacific Ocean group(Proto-oceanic). The term lapita in Nakanai is the name of the soil/mud type soil that is used to make those (lapita pots).
This is wonderfully done. Mahalo for celebrating the peoples of the Pacific!
This was really fascinating. Thank you.
Thank you for making this video! Super informative and helpful :)
As a descendant of Oceania, I love you’re content! Well spoke, thoughtful and respectful… thank you for your insight- sending aloha from Maui No Ka Oi🤙🏽
I am always impressed when Pulan Speaks! Biba!
Excellent documentary! 👏👏
Excelente trabajo en este contenido, muy interesante. Wonderful job making this content, so interesting!
Hu sen guaiya, pulan..
We are One!
Ho mai A
Ma ki ta
Rapu Hana
He HanaMu!
AncientMothersOfLemuria of all Lemuria Pacific.. 👁🕎
What language is this brother?
Chelu I admire your videos keep them coming
Your knowledge is a great help for us pacific islanders.keep up the hard work
Hu gof agradesi che'lu!
In Nakanai langauge of New Britain island in PNG, we called the soil/mud we use to make lapita pottery, as "lapita"
In Visayan language, from Philippines, we call mud PITA or LAPOK.
The History of the Great Far East Asian lands are now only beginning to get recognized. I remember reading about the "Menang Kabaw Sumatra" during my grade school years in the Philippines and their connections to the muslim tribes of the south.
The exploration of the Spanish king in the 1500s has destroyed the written and oral accounts of the pre colonial kingdoms in the Philippines.
Even the Family heirloom we have in the vaults of the bank is made of 36 Karat gold and has precious sapphires and emeralds which is a chain of belts and necklaces that we believed to have been a gift from a rich trader of brunei who came to the philippines in the 1300s. The archeologists couldn't figure out its origins because too much history has yet to be unravelled. And it is very very difficult.
I encountered Lapita in reading material for IELTS. I was wondering how people could travel so long in that time without any modern navigation techniques. And then I found this video. It's amazing.
My family We love your videos! 👋🇬🇺❤️
Dangkolo si Yu'os ma'ase' to you and your family!
What people fail to mention is the already researched MELANESIAN EXPANSION that predates and overlaps with the Austronesian expansion. They moved from the Maluku and Papua region and expanded towards Taiwan - crossing the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand. And later also the Lapita culture to the East.
This is great content!
cool video!
Nice sir.
Great video I did a DNA test last month and just got sent my results yesterday.
Please can you elaborate on the slow boat and train hypothesis?
FINALLY!!!! FINALLY! Another PULAN SPEAKS Video on YOUTube. I'm glad you're sharing so much information on your research of Guam and that it has expanded to the other Pacific Islands. It's great to get a bigger picture of the history of all this being that we do not get this in the U.S. school curriculum, not even a small part of it. I'm not sure if any other countries do either, I doubt it. lol. So Dångkulu na si Yu'us ma'åse'. You're definitely a hero in my book for what you do here.
Dangkolo' si Yu'os ma'ase'! I am truly grateful for your gefpa'go comment. Hu gof agradesi
I love your content so much. Very informative and Im learning a lot. Im not a pacific islander but Im always interested to learn about things that connect Philippines and Guam ( or any pacific islands ).
Thank you very much!
Filipinos are SE Asian but Guamanians are most definitely Pacific Islanders.
@@Kava650 pacific islands no mans island before.
@@richardunica3542 says who?? Just be proud of your roots the way we PACIFIC ISLANDERS are proud of ours! We could’ve came from anywhere an Nobody actually knows, just a bunch of speculation and theories of where we came from 💯💯🤙🏽
@@Kava650 "We could’ve came from anywhere" -- No. Your ancestors didn't "come from anywhere", if you watched the video, the answer is there, genetics is a definite proof...
Thanks for the light. Can you explain more about the Admiralty islanders and how they came to speak Austronesian?
Awesome, thanks.😅
Even if the year numbers are discussed far more different especially on Polynesian expansion area a helpful summit of main ways and thoughts upon them. For example even if Cook islands seem to get settled about 900 AD, Tahiti/Society islands seem to get settled far earlier in 200 BC, Marquesas about between 100 BC and 150 AD, but latest 300 AD as a fixing point for jumping to Hawai first about 300-400 AD (200-600 AD) and in a second wave from Tahiti in about 1100 AD. New Sealand seems to get explored first in about 950 AD, but settled far later in 1280s.
not sure which part you're talking about. modern dating puts the oldest evidence of humans in hawaii and easter island at around 1200AD, nz at around 1250AD.
Why do u keep repeating East Asian and Not South-East Asian? people might think u are referring to Han Chinese people? explain pls
I once read that the skeletons of first people of Lapita culture contain zero admixture of Papuan genes, and the potteries that were found in Lapita were closely resembled the potteries of Atayal people in Taiwan and Kankanaey people in northern Philipines. So there must be some direct migrations from Taiwan or Philipines to Bismarck Archipelago, or at least from Mariana Islands to Bismarck Archipelago.
This is just my assumption, so please correct me if I am wrong. After the settling of Bismarck Archipelago, there came a second wave of Austronesian migration from Mollucas Island and Northern Papua, which were the speakers of Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polinesian language, and intermixing with Lapita people (which were also had Papuan genetics) extensively, and Lapita people shifted to Eastern-Malayo-Polinesian language
Its Taiwan not the Philippines. The Philippines is just a melting pot of Asians. Even before colonial times the Philippines was ruled by rajas from ancient India. Taiwan not Philippines, nice try lol
I don’t think there’s any published works which imply this but it definitely isn’t impossible. If I’m correct, only a few skeletons were analysed and due to that it may not accurately reflect the genetics of the whole population, with some being of mixed ancestry while others were not in the initial stages of settlement. Obviously over time more of this Papuan ancestry would’ve spread throughout the gene pool, as well as from further interactions with Melanesian peoples. As for the second wave out of the Molukas, I think it’s more likely the first wave either passed through or left from that region already speaking a language similar to proto oceanic.
the peopling of Australia is earlier than 40 000 bc, Sahul was more likely 70 000 bc until earlier evidence if it should be found
I wonder how big/sustainable samoa/tonga is before the sea level fall down,maybe that's the reason for the long pause?
Black world history is so beautiful to hear about!!
In the first millennium AD, the ship called kolandiaphonta was recorded in Claudius Ptolemaeus' Geography (ca. 150 AD). It is referred to by the Chinese as K'un-lun po. The characteristics of this ship are that it is large (more than 50-60 m long), the hull is made of multiple plankings, has no outrigger, mounted with many masts and sails, the sail is in the form of a tanja sail, and has a plank fastening technique in the form of stitching with plant fibers.
Faxian (Fa-Hsien) in his return journey to China from India (413-414) embarked on a ship carrying 200 passengers and sailors from K'un-lun which towed a smaller ship. A cyclone struck and forced the passengers to move into the smaller ship. The crew of the smaller ship feared that the ship would be overloaded, therefore they cut the rope and separated from the big ship. Luckily the bigger ship survived, and the passengers were stranded in Ye-po-ti (Yawadwipa-Java). After 5 months, the crew and the passengers embarked on another ship comparable in size to sail back to China.
A junk (Chinese: 船, chuán) is a type of Chinese sailing ship with fully battened sails. There are two types of junk in China: northern junk, which developed from Chinese river boats,and southern junk, which developed from Austronesian ships visiting southern Chinese coasts since the 3rd century CE
none of this has anything to do with polynesians.
@@eeeaten here are two possible theories about the distribution of Austronesian people. The first is out of Sundaland and out of Taiwan and Indochina. and the only confirmed history of the distribution of the Austronesian people is that the ancestors of the Madagascar people are from Indonesia, possibly from the 6th - 7th century when the Sriwijaya and Sailendra kingdoms were in Indonesia and at least it has been confirmed that they came from Indonesia between Java Sumatra and Kalimantan
@JayaSingaWarman-zn8jy out of Taiwan is explanation based on evidence
@@SumiatiNingsih283 why are you telling me this? What point would you like to make?
@JayaSingaWarman-zn8jy why do you think it's wrong? native taiwanese have the same austronesian ancestry as polynesians do.
I believe the correct entry into polynesia from Fiji is Lau Hapaii Tongatapu Vavau niua upolu Savaii
Micronesia 🇫🇲 CHUUK 🖤🖤
Moluccan Islands -We are all One from the same Source!-
The genetic admixture of the people of Polynesia has been pretty well tested, documented, and studied. It’s is known that the average Polynesian genetic admixture is 80% Austronesian Mongoloid to 20% Papuan/Melanesian Australoid. They have even shown the exact ratio of Australoid men and women who intermarried with Austronesian men and women through findings from modern genetic studies.
yes
True 👍
Mongoloid is not a thing, use proper terminology if you want to talk about biology
Do you believe there interaction and trade amongst all these islands ? And what do you think about the ancient remains found in the marianas that shared a genetic relation to the people of Vanuatu/ Tonga ?
Great questions! I absolutely believe there was interaction and trade. There is an abundance of evidence of material culture exchanged amongst islands. This is collaborated by oral history as well. Some of these old trade networks are still operating today such as the Sawei network between Between Yap and several atolls. As for the second question, I believe you are referring to the Pugach et al. (2020) article. The genetic connection can either mean two things according to the article:
"that people either moved from the Marianas to the Bismarcks (or elsewhere in Island Melanesia) and then to other parts of Remote Oceania, or that the ancestors of the ancient Guam and early Lapita samples migrated separately, and by different routes, from the same source population."
To me either of these explanations suffice! It's not too surprising for me as either way as these Austronesian peoples likely came from Taiwan and thus genetic similarity was found, considering these islands were settled by Austronesian speaking peoples.
I know there are stories of gilbertese raiding samoan villages and trading etc plenty of intermarriage in the past too
Yes. There stories of dark skinned people that sail from far south to trade goods and knowledge. Thanks to them
@@ChrisEAdlayre you able to recount that story? Sounds interesting as I never knew the Gilbertese interacted with Samoa
@@CP0rings33 I don't remember the source but I read a lot of articles from JSTOR, plenty of old journals and studies on there. I remember a missionary mentioning that a group of gilbertese had raided a coastal village in samoa?
From memory I believe there are some gilbertese origin stories that involve Samoa as well. There are plenty of stories of Samoans and Tongans all over the Pacific, usually groups of people who fled because of war or a raiding party who got stranded. Lots of stories amongst the Polynesian outliers
Thank you. Enjoyed this. My rhetorical question is why, why, why?? What would make people climb onto a flimsy little boat with virtually no safety precautions, and no idea Where they were going, or how long it would take them to get there, and whether they would survive?
Were they being persecuted? Starving?
The boats weren’t flimsy and the people weren’t desperate, they were skilled voyagers and were well provisioned. They came from generations of voyagers.
catastrophe, those area are really prone to natural disaster, from tsunami, earthquake, to supervolcano eruptions, lets see...the sundaland landmass sank into the ocean prox. from 12,500 and 9,500 and 7,500 ago, proven by scientist, i guess thats what makes the dispersals, let me see again... so many volcanoes eruptions happened, from krakatoa ro rinjani to samalas, and even Toba, who knows what else we dont even know yet, let me see again....dont forget the indian tsunami that struck that area, i1m talking about Island Southeast Asia, where the migration begin
@@nettilee2696 that makes no sense. The voyages are not associated with catastrophe, and would you really jump in a boat in response to a tsunami? Voyages took a lot of planning and resources. They were not desperate, they were capable and skilled.
I know you said rhetorical question, but it's most likely because of overpopulation on the islands
Look for:
1. Callao Man 67,000 BP
2. Denisovan DNA Aeta
3. Unadmixed Descendants of Basal East Asians
4. Denisovan Pacific migration
Enjoy the journey😊
I really enjoyed this video and I have always been fascinated with this chapter in human history. I am a retired naval aviator and I love sailing; so sailing, navigation, and the sea are close to my heart. I currently live in Thailand and have been planning on sailing my 45 foot steel ketch back to Guam where I spent a of time during my career. Most sailors know monohulls point to windward better than modern catamarans and substantially better than ancient voyaging canoes. Heading east from Asia into the pacific is an upwind battle in the region of the trades. I found it interesting to note in the video that people first left the area of Luzon and headed directly to the area of Guam. I wish I knew how they did that. I believe the time frame mentioned in the video was 1500BCE. I do not know if weather patterns were different 3500 years ago but currently for a large part of the year typhoons sweep that area and being at sea in even the largest of sailing canoes would have been fatal. Even if you sailed outside the typhoon season during the winter the seas are rough and you are still pointing into the NE trades which those old canoes did not do well. I am thinking they would have headed SE to about 4 degrees north latitude where the equatorial counter current gives some easting. Then they would have headed far enough east to turn back NW towards Guam. Of course this tactic requires one to know the location of Guam which they did not.
Maybe it is possible they sailed SE avoiding any landfall to take advantage the NE trades and to avoid the typhoons. After arriving at the equatorial countercurrent they proceeded east until they ran low on supplies. They then turned back NW to return to home and hit the Marianas by chance. I assume these people were not well provisioned by today's standards and they were not super human. Paddling canoes to windward requires a lot of food and water to fuel the humans swinging those paddles. I am almost certain they relied on the winds and currents to accomplish this amazing feat. My point is I am having difficulty believing the Marianas were settle from the Philippines first. I feel it makes a lot more sense to Island hop to the S and then SE and double back towards the Marianas which means Melanesia would have been traveled first. The bottom line is traveling from the Philippines to the Marianas in an engineless wooden sailing canoe is a tough nut to crack sailing wise. Palau and PNG would be much easier. However since PNG was already occupied maybe they had no choice since making landfall in PNG may have gotten them eaten. Maybe they tried that route and did get eaten. After the mutiny on the Bounty, Bligh sailed 4000nm back to Timor passing many islands deemed hazardous. Like in Bligh's case the thinking was it is better to die of thirst and hunger at sea trying to get somewhere safe than to go somewhere easy and be eaten. I believe the video mentioned PNG was peopled 40,000 years ago which mean the people there were well established and probably looked at outsiders as invaders suitable for eating.
Once again I love video and keep up the good work. It is amazing the Marianas were settle first. Just amazing. Now I am fascinated on just how they did this. It seems very unlikely but as the saying goes "shit happens".
Obviously sailing downwind is easier and in the prevailing trade winds that makes westward travel seem the far more obvious answer.
But that applies more to travel to a known destination. For exploration, the problem is that if you sail downwind and don't find anything, you can't get back. Even the trades aren't actually constant. Take advantage of rare changes in the wind to explore (or just get blown) eastward, then when the trades resume it's easy to get safely home.
@@jeffmacdonald9863 That makes sense.
A lot of stories told about human migration from one point to the other but no body talks about how all humans can survive as one family it’s funny
Maori in NZ say they came from Hawaiki - if that is the same as Hawaii that seems to be a stretch unless what is meant that they followed back down the lines then across to NZ what do you think?
hawaiki is not hawaii. hawaiki essentially means ancestral homeland so can be different places for different people. generally hawaiki for maori is the same as the hawaiki of native hawaiians and easter islanders - all of these people trace their ancestry back to eastern polynesia - the cooks, tahiti and society islands - that's their hawaiki. before that it is samoa/tonga.
@@eeeaten Thanks that helps in understanding a mix of the real & mythical
Lol! Not quite!
Hawaii was settled earlier, based on Hawaiian knowledge of particular astronomical events and our being able to date them in modern times. As early as 400 CE. The 1000 CE settlement was indeed a second wave.
carbon dating suggests these dates should be revised to much later, around 1200AD, which matches the timing of other polynesian open-ocean voyaging in the far east of polynesia and down to new zealand.
If the migration started from south east asia, why isnt the Asian culture more prominent among the Pacific Islands?
For a few reasons. One is that the ancestors are not the Han-Chinese influenced SE Asian people you might be thinking of. Those people came later, but the indigenous people who were there before share cultural similarities with Polynesians. Also some cultural characteristics (eg pottery) of the austronesian lapita ancestors of Polynesians who did spread to Polynesia were lost, perhaps through disaster or through conflict. Polynesians also have a significant Melanesian influence, and cultural connections from Melanesia.
Are you stupid? Polynesians language is austronesian in origin!! South east asia and polynesia, madagascar, melanesia, micronesia is one large language family, from taiwan to Philippines the culture is almost the same with tattoos
Southeast Asians were influenced by Indic culture through trade
Terbaik
We are proud descendants.
The Americas were also reached and took many Polynesians inland who never returned apart from a few who went back West, with plants and root crops like paw paws, breadfruit, and sweet potatoes, etc.
that is an exaggeration. it is _likely_ that polynesians reached the americas but not certain as there are alternative explanations. the evidence for it is sweet potatoes and human dna in easter island/fatu hiva showing contact around 1200AD, perhaps a single point of contact. but there is no firm evidence of polynesians in the americas. pawpaw was introduced to asia/pacific after european arrival, breadfruit is from the western pacific, not from america.
But even for me it's unlikely that Polynesians ever even reached to the Americas anyway because their final stop was Easter Island and never advance any further more since no one back then knew where the Americas was, I even read about the San Fernandez island which off the coast of Chile and a island of the territory in the Pacific ocean that was never settled by Polynesians until Europeans discovered the isolated place.
@@michaelcalle2981 i don't understand your reasoning. polynesians had to travel very far across open ocean to reach easter island, so why do you think they would stop there? they didn't know easter island was there before they went there either. around 1200AD polynesians navigated most of the rest of the pacific, so the idea they reached the americas is not a stretch. they probably did reach america, but there is no evidence to suggest they did it regularly.
theres no acceptable evidence for this its just a myth based on potatoes
@@thvtsydneylyf3th077 the native american dna in the tuamotus/easter island dating to around 1200AD is pretty convincing
Lutunasobasoba came from Tanganyika Ruah river fiji
Congratulations on your very informative content. Why did Melanesia have a much greater cultural and religious diversity than Micronesia and Polynesia? Finally could you please recommend any books which deal with what factors may have caused this great diversity?
Oversimplification.
1. Time
2. Very rugged terrain
3. Geographic isolation.
MELANESIA 🤣👎
The papuans who didn't leave are all different culturally due to time and geographical isolation. The "melanesians" in fiji for example are more Polynesian especially in culture. To me there's a spectrum between papuan and Taiwanese aborigine. So some people have more papuan ancestry and some less but all Polynesians have both
polynesia and micronesia are austronesians, melanesian are the denisovans who migrated from southern india into australia and then east timor.
because the austronesians were the ones that had the means to travel, their initial expeditions led farther and farther but as the Austronesian colonies lingered in Melanesia, they intermarried with the locals. I'm unsure why the more Melanesian mixed peoples were unable to sail but the more Austronesian colonies (samoa and tonga) probably held on to their austronesian practices and thus were able to sail farther than their other cousins.
In fact, the people of samoa and tonga held so successfully their austronesian root's traditions that there are extremely common and similar motiffs in their traditional tattoos with the tattoos seen in taiwan.
Scholars call this long pause of pacifc exploration, the "long pause"
Tonga has the most Lapita sites in all Polynesia as the birth place origin of Polynesia 😊 spreading North East Ha'amoa and so on
Stop reaching doko..
As I’ve told you on every single bs comment you’ve made, write a book already. If you think you know more than your royals do then write a book a cite your sources. But until then you’re just keyboard banging 😂
Samoa was the mother of all the Polynesian islands
@@palulapsoulap1959Tonga predates Samoa you idiot, go ahead and Google “oldest Polynesian settlement”
Satu, Dua, tiga, ampat, Lima, Enam, tujuh, lapan, sembilan, sepuloh. Hello from Malaysia
håcha, hugua, tulu, fåtfat, lima, fiti, guålo', sigua, månot. From Guam
@@fernandoesteves824 siji loro telu papat limo enem pitu wolu songo sepuluh from Java Indonesia
So close, but not the same as I learned in Medan, SUMUT, Indonesia. Brian Cheong of Malaysia gave me two very important #TWICE videos!
Hello from tonga
taha, ua, tolu, fa, nima, ono, fitu, valu, hiva, hongofulu
@@marionetteproject508 In this context, we proffer the outrageous opinion that the King of Tonga ought to possess sovereignty over Beautiful Sweet Potato Island. Taiwan is not Peoples Republic of China - never has been.
Like the video it was awesome but you forgot the expansion into South America by Polynesians from the marquesas islands and rapanui Polynesian skulls bones and Tahitian style fishhooks were found in South Chile that’s proof that they made it to South America! Also a group of Polynesians made it to Ecuador and brought back
Papayas and sweet potatoes and yuca or kasava
there's no convincing evidence of polynesians in the americas.
Kūmara (Maori) Umala (Samoan) - sweet potato.
There is no proof that Polynesians ever made to the Americas sir, Polynesians were never in Ecuador otherwise they would have first made a settlement In the Galapagos island but there's no evidence to prove this and these are just theories made by the scientists.
And we made it , to San Mateo and East LA ...👺😎😂
I think your forgetting pohnpei, chuuk, Guam, and kosrae. Pohnpei is the capital of Micronesia
Rapanui is a french tag and not it's real name, when the dutch happened upon the island it was inhabited by mostly women and it was called te kahukahu ote hera.
Lemuria
Fake news
Nah
My favorite movies are Mutiny On The Bounty (1962) and The Bounty (1984)
I hope to have a pacific gf someday, no matter whst island she's from, anywhere from Hawaii to Tahiti
I'm forever impressed by those early Asian voyagers and thankful to them for exploring regions we view today as "paradise."
No they don't get the full credit.. it's the Polynesians that get the credit for voyaging the bigger ocean,not Asians 🙄..
Calling them Asian isn’t really accurate because we say they sailed out of Asia when at the time they didn’t even call it or know what Asia is.
@@santospaul8103 exactly..just cuz it's 'claimed' that they left out of Asia, doesn't mean they were Asian..
@@sillau9 I can clearly look at your face and tell you that your ancestors came from Asia. Even a blind man can see that. I don't know why it hurts so bad to come from Asia
@@sillau9 They were still people of Asia since they left Asia the facts still remains (they still were asians before asia were a thing)
very informative . I googled searched: dna admixture of the Fijians . It says Asians and 30% Melannesian
i've seen a range of numbers on this, and i think there's quite a range within the fijian islands. generally the first people of fiji were lapita, and fijians have a stronger influence from melanesia than most other polynesians (who are about 20% melanesian).
There is a part to this that is not correct.
Movement went *to* Taiwan, not from it.
Movement went through the Philippines *to* Taiwan.
Most all of the rest of this is correct.
What's your take on the theory that Polynesians came from Aotearoa?
came from as in originated from? plenty of them come from aotearoa now. but no, as per the video their ancestors came from samoa/tonga, and before that from the western pacific.
NZ was the final place they settled so its almost impossible
CristoYeshua sent me here for this Life REincarnate to REmind our Peoples...
Lemuria Lemuria Lemuria..nothing debated.. i am you.. i am Ancestor. All the regions you Named... ALL LEMURIA.. ALL PACIFIC.. NO SEPARATIONS..NO DIVIDES..ALL PACIFIC LEMURIA..CHILDREN OF FIRST EARTH, GARDEN OF EDEN, LEMUUUUUUURIA.. I KNOW..I LIVED IN THESE DAYS..
808 CRISTO YESHUAMARIA, KAUAI MELEHA-PLEIADIANS....HU SEN GUAIYA PETRA CHAMORU... #TAGA ⚜️🤍🕊👁🕎
Conspiracy nut job.
Zero evidence even the word lemuria is from white people who didn't want to acknowledge our ancestors couldn't navigate such long distances. They wanted to make it look like we just dispersed and our islands spread apart. Racist
Sorry don't wanna blame a whole race, it was 1 European scholar who didn't think our people could intentionally navigate the vast Pacific Ocean.
Lemuria sink under the oceanic water in FIJI and there Acient Empire the Spirit Motherland of all human kind where the hiding truth of the Pacific ISLANDER the Bulotu Viti Ancient Empire
I'm Cham a member of austronesian
You misspelled Aotearoa, apart from that well made
Mentawaii in Sumatra is an isolated tribe with Austronesian genetics dated 2000 BCE, care to explain where they came from? if Austronesians actually migrated since 2000 BCE from Taiwan?
what/who are you disagreeing with? austronesians were in the western pacific and even sailing 2000BCE. people had been in sumatra for a long time before that.
Austronesians in Mentawai carry haplogroup O3, different from Taiwan/Philippines and Pacific who carry haplogroup O1a.
@@uglybepis3571 mentawaii is haplogrup of O-M119 and O-M7 both are O1* and O3a*, do your research properly please.
not O3
@@eeeaten i am just asking whether austronesian were spread before reaching taiwan or not so maybe sundaland and sahul already inhabitated by austronesian too.
@@werren894 I don’t think anyone knows the specific range of austronesian peoples at that time, their genetics are spread through the se Asian mainland, but here have been waves of migrants diluting and dispersing them from the continent. Did they come specifically from Taiwan? Probably not.
My Polynesia people especially my Maori learn your whakapapa
Good to know , i guess , i am austronesian
Tonga settled Aotearoa and on our way bacc we had our first encounter with Europeans
Māori descend from east Polynesians, likely from the Cook Islands, the Tuamotus and Tahiti. Te Reo has relatively high mutual intelligibility with the languages in that region.
Only a mere 600 years later Europeans traveled from the far side to settle,not generationally but in one big 3 to 4 month journey.
South East Asians need to listen to the families who were forced to change their family names when chinese n spanish invaded them. There are people out there who qre trying to restore family entitiesbut very very complex n hard.. look at chamoro people, they lost their culture and are doing their best to reconnect and revive their culture. Good on them. If only we could go back in time, but no colonisations n ser what, where and who are we without any foreign influences.
I bet you that the chinese and japanese wished that they branched out and inhabit most of the Oceania. But it was the unknown n only the brave ventured further. Look at Japan it was busy taking over korea n so did the chinese. I thanked heavens that Korea is Korea. Except it is divided now to north and south.
I could hear lots of lies been told.
Like what?
Same here lol. A sprinkle of misguided info lol.
@@GhostElitesOfficial like what?
dont ask they spout bs they can never back up lol @@eeeaten
@@thvtsydneylyf3th077 i know that's why i ask :)
It's New Zealand.
NOT Aotearoa.
That name is not agreed upon
If in your native language you say "LIMA" to refer number 5, then we are related!
Māori by blood I couldn’t care less for culture it means nothing to me
Po;ynesians actually started from the south Americas, many groups from there voyaged down to the Pacific Island eventually to south east Taiwan. the Taiwan people ain't Asians until the hans chinese Invaded Taiwan.
Not so simple… More recent large-scale genetic evidence suggests that the South Marquesas was inhabited by those of South American roots as early as 1150 CE. Thereafter, Rapa Nui in 1380 CE also has evidence of South American admixture. The peopling of the pacific was not simply a trend of eastward expansion from Austronesian speaking persons from Taiwan. Trade and crop sharing of crops, namely cumal (South American term) kumara (Polynesian coincidental term), also evidence a degree of peopling of the Paciifc from South America. Ref: czcams.com/video/ycRcWK7pMoM/video.html
Rapa Rui is not in south America and this video of if Polynesians ever reached to the American continent is just a theory and still no evidence at all so say they ever reached it, there's a source on the wiki that I can link to you about Juan Fernandez Islands which is a island off the coast of Chile and read the history part.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands
Austronesian expansion through the pacific was complex and stop-start. Most likely Polynesians reached the americas around 800 years ago and brought Native American dna (and kumara) back to eastern Polynesia.
@@eeeaten that's the thing, Polynesians never reached the Americas at all and only stopped at Easter Island 800 years ago because first they never knew Americas even exited as a continent and the other Islands off the coast of south and central north America like San Fernandez Islands, Galapagos, Clipperton, cocos and revillagigedos were all uninhibited until Europeans first discovered them in the 1500s and even today some of those Islands are still uninhabited despite some Latin American countries owning them.
@@michaelcalle2981 You mention that "Polynesians never reached the Americas at all". However, the latest evidence does not support this claim (nor debunk it!). Actually, the most prominent scientists on the matter suggest that "the jury is out". All we know is that as early as 1150 on the Eastern Pacific Islands (Fatu Hiva), there is genetic evidence of contact (i.e., genetic mixing) between South Americans and Pacific Islanders. While such genetic evidence is useful, we don't know whether the actual genetic admixture (i.e., inter-mixing, copulation) occurred (a) on mainland South America, with offspring returning to the island, or (b) on Fatu Hiva itself [or nearby], with offspring remaining on the Island. Either way, the South Americans (Columbian genes at least) did reach the Pacific! Given the Pacific Island Travellers had come so far, coupled with the fact that there was clearly contact (with ideas and history likely shared) between these two peoples, it is possible that Polynesians (maybe at least a few) did reached the Americas. We may never know.
@@matthewcourtney8683 Well it's an interesting theory but it's not really true and still no evidence to proof this is a fact. The native American south Americans also weren't the type to be sailing on boats since they weren't experts or good at doing all this so even they couldn't reach and discover near by Islands like Galapagos or San Fernandez so obviously they wouldn't even know Easter Islands at all until European sailors discovered Austronesian living there and then Chile annexed them. I highly also dought that there was any admixture between amerindians and Polynesians at all and the researchers that have been sadly mistaken to think this and what they actually really found is that admixtures in south America were actually between natives and other native tribes mixing with each other and not from pacific islanders. Polynesians in Rapa Rui mixed with later other Austronesian arrivals that settled there. No one ever knew the new world existed until Europeans discovered them and the first outsiders to discover them were the viking norsemen.
They missed Australia. The biggest island of all.
they may have reached australia, they definitely reached norfolk island. check out the dark point adze.
Indigenous australian genome study reveals aboriginal australian ancestors stretch back roughly 75000 years not 40,000
that doesn't imply they were in australia at that time. from what i've read the oldest confirmed evidence of humans in aus is about 65kya and the oldest human remains about 40kya.
IM from Jawa indonesia 🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩
Your missing the tahitian link.
The tahitian link clarifies the Polynesian migration movements during the 1200 to 1600AD period
No way are the Maori from Tonga or Samoa given the vast difference in language and rituals there are minor similarities but non to justify the timeframes given here......
Was this made in 2018? The DNA of these Polynesians is also in the Australian aborigines. These people got around.
not true. why make this up? there in no polynesian dna in australia or in the americas.
very good i enjoy bratan
Are there really people who think Micronesia doesn't exist?
The Philippine archeology discovered the homoluzonensis.,the archaic homonin of the country.,there is also archaic animal like elephant and rhino.,they said the bone of the animal have a sign of being butchered.,this mean the human evolution is not only start in one place.,the Philippines is a best place for human evolution.,and also the scientist discover that the indigenous group tribe of the Philippines have the highest amount of DNA of denisovan archaic people.,this mean the expansion of austranesian people start in the Philippines and spread to the other country.,
The Philippines is a melting pot of Asia. Nothing starts in the Philippines 😂
@@chewy6487 evidence already show.,
@@elgad82yeah evidence show Filipino is a nationality not ethnicity. There are many ethnicities in the Philippines. How do you not know this? In conclusion, Filipinos aren't even a people
@@chewy6487 lol melting pot Asia your funny dude you mean Taiwanese aboriginal, han Chinese , Japanese and other Southeast Asian.
Nationality : Filipino
Race : Mongoloid
Ethnicity : Austronesian ( both linguistically and ethnically)
Austronesian is refers to a language family or linguistically related to Austronesian
Austronesian refers to language not in bloodline that's reason why Austronesian speaking people look so different when in comes to Austronesian genetics ancestry not a languages family. The Philippines is the highest Austronesian ancestry. Over 90% of the philippines population are predominantly Austronesian because Philippines is home of different Austronesian languages and house of Austronesian people and take note Austronesian people is belong mongoloid race. When we talk about Austronesian mostly people say it's a language family rather than bloodline ancestry but Philippines play an important role because the country is both linguistically and genetically Austronesian
Theyre evil colonists
It’s not so misterious, the Spanish were the first to enter the Pacific from the west , remember,? They even baptized it as the Pacific. No South East Asians ventured west into these waters
what? you never heard of the lapita?
@@eeeaten they are being sarcastic