HAKKA PÄLLE! Gustavian Cavalry | The Army of Gustavus Adolphus
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- čas přidán 14. 05. 2024
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When Gustavus Adolphus became king, he had been left with a very bad army. If he wanted to beat up the Poles and their hussars, he needed a much better cavalry force.
Sources
The Army of Gustavus Adolphus (Vol 2) - Osprey Publishing
Trettioåriga Kriget - Wolke, Larsson, Villstrand
Gustav II Adolf och hans folk - Göte Göransson
0:00 Introduction
4:22 Recruitment
10:01 Equipment
13:29 How good were they really?
15:23 Outro
The feeling when you’re a Finnish cavalryman fighting for the Swedish king in Bavaria because the Bohemians threw their Austrian governors out of a window 14 years ago
I love the 30 Years War, it’s so delightfully weird
It is as hilarious as it was awful. I love studying it.
What about the war where France was on one side and Venice on the other, by the conclusion of the war they both had swapped to the opposite side 😂
@@INSANESUICIDE gotta love the Italian wars
Finally someone makes a video about Hakkapeliittas! 🇫🇮
I wish someone would make a video about Polish - Pancerni, "armoured companions" - they always accompanied Hussars and were the more popular middle-weight cavalry often using scale armor and was the everyday cavalry bread of the commonwealth. They were using a sabre or a mace, pistols propably too.
Age of Empires 3 added Sweden 🇸🇪 as a playable civilization, and that's how I learned about Caroleans, and hakkapeliitas
If you played total war Napoleon or Empire, there are mods for both that add many of these interesting units, with autistic levels of detail. Sweden is very enjoyable to play in both of these, "darthmod" is the name, mod by the same name exists for all the total war titles. Worth a look.
Aulis J. Alanen described the Finnish cavalry:
“Our [Finnish] Hakkapelites cannot have been any sort of fine representatives. I should mention a parade of the Gustaf Adolf troops in the Thirty Years’ War, while the king still lived. At first went the blue, yellow, green etc. mercenaries of the regiment in their flashy gear. Then came, clothed so-so, bridles and baldricks repaired with birch bark and cord, legs hanging from the backs of their small, shaggy horses, cutlasses dragging on the ground, a troop of hollow-cheeked but stern-eyed men. When the Dutch ambassador inquired who they were, the last rider, a fat German Quartermaster [kuormastovääpeli] in charge of the cargo proudly replied “The royal Life Guards: Finnish, pärkkele!”
The Finnish horse, also called as Finnish Universal, is a hybrid of a workhorse and a riding horse. It is very strong, has big bones, very good stamina, is relaxed and brave: does not easily panic in battles. While workhorses on average can pull 80% of their weight, the Finnish horse by average pulls over 110%, and workhorse line even over 200% (according to Wikipedia). They also have long hair and can withstand harsh weathers, cold winters and they can manage with lower quality food. Plenty of advantages, despite not as tall and swift as Central European riding horses.
Yes true. And Finn horses are also competitive by nature. Carriage competition in north Europe are often their domain, even so much so, that Swedish 'ravit' (Finnish name for set competition) have at times had or at least discussed forbidding Finn horses competing in their competitions due 'unfair advantage'. At least that's what I have read digging in to them like ages ago. It's to say that they are fast and resilient for a non hotblooded horse.
Yes the Finngolian steppe pony😂
I'd love to see a video about the Finnish commander.
Thank you very much, this is quality! I actually believe the "hakkaa päälle" was not originally so much a "warcry" but a charge order. And I believe it is a bad translation from swedish "hacka på" with the preposition "på" very clumsily translated as "päälle", as it is not good finnish language per se, I mean it is nowadays due to history of the phrase, but not otherwise. And it is quite long for a warcry, even if you think it in sport context, as more effective shout for battle and sport fields would contain something like two or three syllables max. Finnish cavalry didn't, according to some sources, actually warcry at all, instead of said charge order, and that is why the enemy were freaked out by them also --they were used at this day and age to some kind of cries and shouts during the attack, but finnish troops just approached in full silence. So, perhaps the charge order "Hakkaa päälle" which was the only thing they were heard to shout, became their name. Please excuse me the length of this comment, Hackapells are just a subject matter I have been very much into for the last couple of years.
11:46 This is hard to come by to, what kind of swords they used, the only thing I ever found out was that they were a type of broadsword, and I thought with a litte better hand protection. This "swedish sword" -thing is new information to me and funny that I haven't encountered it. As from the get-go in my project I have tried to find information on the sword type(s) used, but failed miserably it seems. Really interested also about the special strike they used to hit enemy horse, hadn't encountered that as well. What kind of strike was that?
IIRC the attack was a stab and then an upward slash into the horse
Hyvä P. Eräreikä, et nyt ymmärtänyt pointtiani, tai teoriaani, tai alunperin kai Arvi Korhosen (Hakkapeliitat I-II kirjojen tekijä) teoriaa, joka oli että tuo olisi kömpelö suomennos ruotsinkielisestä rynnäkkökäskystä, koska mikäli emme olisi tottuneet sanontaan "Hakkaa päälle", se kuulostaisi (tämän tteorian mukaan) väärältä suomenkieleltä korvaamme. Koska luonnostaan sanottaisiin "hakkaa päähän", eikä päälle, eli käytettäisiin tuon sijaan varmaan jotain muuta ilmaisua, mikäli ei oltaisi ruotsin armeijan osa, vaikka että "Kimppuun" tai jotain. Eli siksi se kuulostaa siltä että se voisi olla kömpelö käännös alunperin. @@PaskaErareika
Adolphus clearly had a great intelligence based upon his ability to observe, critique and react to others tactics. This suggests he was someone whom has the ability to 'get the job done.'
Russia core was essentially a Swedish colony . . bulwark against mongol ingress into Europe
Finland chants "hakkaa päälle" in buhurt and it's the best thing ever!
Great content. Thank You for this!
Always, nice work!
great documentary. good insight about how structures of societies are reflected in their military.
Very nice video with a lot of information. I like videos about commanders such as these from the Swedish cavalry. (We have enough about Wallenstein for example).
Very informative
Tuk
Great content.
I wish that in the magical offline world I had a suit of armor like that guy in the thumbnail.
Except instead of steel a metal that is only 1/3rd the strength of steel but also only 1/5th as heavy.
Then proceed to layer 5 plates together tight at the edges but in the hallow a cloth meshed with leather to further stop conclusionary.
The correct spelling is: Hakkaa Päälle!
(Just a notice from a former Finnish Army NCO, Currently active in the Swedish Army)
Finn descended from Tott family here. Big respecc for this vid 🫡
Really want to play Age of Empires III Definitive Edition rn
Just a couple of small notes. Plastic straws did not exist in Gustv Adolf's time, especially not the McDonald's variant depicted here.
The Hakkapeliittas' war cry in Finnish was "Hakkaa päälle!" ( ~Charge on them), not "Hakka Pälle" (spelling) or "Hakka päällä!" (~ with your head). 🤔
Love this content
Nice 👍🏻
In Stockholm, there is a Bible from Prague… in Finland, we have the vowels… Zchec say something like srz prz krk…, we say hääyöaie… Sorry for stealing all the vowels.
I personally think Gustavus came to respect the cavalry and revisit them in the age of gunpowder due to his experience fighting Poland Hussars
A great video. many illustrations I've not seen before. My one gripe is that 'elk' in English is "elk" , not"moose" - that's American!
I wonder about the "elk hide armor" hakkapeliittas are said to have worn. Does it mean a coat? Or does it actually mean a separate breast armor, in place of the steel breast armor some wore?
Superb. Though I may jokingly question how any man that comes from a long line of Finnish warriors, can be considered ordinary.
Old man fought all through Finn from Karelia before to Leningrad . . second marriage . . his first marriage there half brother , was head of Nokia Siemens certain place 5G . . a never ending shit show
Cuirassier armor was LITERALY bulletproof, it was often shot with a partial charged pistol as a proof of being bullet resistent
also remember that low speed and large size of projectiles of the time meant that the penetrative capabilitys were tied to range
a regiment of cavalry only needs to get beyond a certain distance , after that distance they are close enough that the musketeers/arquebusiers cant reload fast enough/ willl break morale, and can storm in.
curassier armor thus is bulletproof for a certain distance.
Depends on the weight of the bullet and amount of powder used though
12:30 Werent breastplates blackend by basicly baking oil on them, similar to how you season cast iron pans?
3:40 - Prevalent in Germany in the time of Caesar too!
How do you spell the name of these mounted jaegers? I cannot find anything about them EDIT: probably found it, djurskyttar? Do you know if they served also under Charles X Gustav?
Om din kanal växer tillräckligt kan du väl göra en video om Stålhandske? :)
jo eventuellt
@@balticempire7244 Din kanal lär nog växa sig större, var förvånad över att den inte var större med tanke på kvalitén på dina videor!
wtf was that plastic straw a reference to?!
In estonian: "begin!"
Sweden's role in the Thirty Years' War (1618-48) is a dark chapter in otherwise positive German-Swedish relations. In January, the Swedes made a pact with our hereditary enemy France. The devastation of Germany began with the Franco-Swedish alliance. By the end of the war, Germany had been devastated and a third of its inhabitants had died. No glory sheet for Sweden.
Look, 1) to blame Sweden about the mess is just stupid. Sweden did not start it. The insanity had been going on for way more than ten YEARS, before Sweden intervened. 2) There was no Germany at the time. Just chaos of bigger and smaller german states. Talking about dark chapters, Germany has later had the darkest, most insane chapters, so let's be careful about that. 3) Geopolitics. King Gustav II Adolf was alarmed by catholic powers, like Holy Roman Empire coming to mess with him in southern Baltic Sea. 4) France was a strong ally and mighty sponsor with common interests. No brainer. 5) Although the madness and devastation lasted way too horribly long, peace was finally made. There was hardly any "glory sheet" for anybody, especially not for catholic buttfaces.
Hakkaa päälle Suomenpoika ettei Ruotsi meitä voita!.
Russin Poika
Hakkapeliitta Magasin for Soldiers in Finland 1925 1944 Suojeluskunta,
Nice guys Finnish last
Hakka Paille. Lovely phrase. Also similar to New Zealand rugby teams, a sport like to war. Finns I have known still use their ancient cry! Slava Ukraine 🇺🇦. May the Cossacks Sokoly ride to victory!
Actually it is "hakkaa päälle"!
It's HAKKAA PÄÄLLE, not hakka pälle.
In modern Finnish it is indeed. However, in 17th century Finnish I believe the spelling would've been "hacca pälle", although this would wary slightly depending on the writer. In that sense the spelling used in the thumbnail seems quite period-appropriate.
@@MrHuzzaa The Finnish grammar has not changed in 400 years, you can't say hakka pälle without sounding ridiculous today and in 1623 it would have sounded even more ridiculous. What you're talking about, is what happened when some mostly Swedish speaking people tried to spell Finnish, applying the rules of Swedish, which unfortunately is an Indo-European language, the rules of which do not apply to Finno-Ugric languages, which have a completely different grammar and structure. As long as there were just a few literate people reading their texts, this was not a problem, they could always figure out what the awkward spelling meant, because they were making the same mistakes themselves. Spellings also varied wildly, because they hadn't been standardized yet and would not be for about 300 more years, so it was perfectly possible to have half a dozen different spellings of the same word in the same book, which probably was the Bible or the Catechism. Thus, the old spellings are just approximations of the words, written in the manner of somebody whose first language was Swedish.
@@jannevellamo You're absolutely right that you couldn't SAY "hacca pälle" in modern Finnish or 17th-century Finnish, since as far as I understand the pronunciation in both variants of the language would've been [hɑkːɑː] and [pæːlːe]. I'm basing this (hypothetical) 17th-century spelling "hacca pälle" on the writings of Agricola, father of written Finnish as he's often called, as well as Hoffman's Bible. Characteristic to this spelling was not marking long vowel sounds, especially in the final syllable of a word. The sound [k] was generally spelled as a "c" when accompanied by back vowels (that is, [ɑ], [o] and [u]). The spelling of the sound [æ] was especially inconsistent, sometimes being written as "e", sometimes as "ae" and sometimes as "ä". Here I chose to use the option "ä", since that would be used to represent the sound in contemporary Finnish, making my spelling look at least a bit less weird to our modern eyes. I for my part am very happy that Finns have since updated the spelling. It would be horrible to try to remember by heart which vowels are supposed to be long and whether an "e" is going to make the sound [e] or [æ].
@@MrHuzzaa Alas, Agricola grew up in a country where Finish was not a written language, so he learned to read and write Swedish and Latin long before he even tried writing Finnish. Obviously, he immediately ran into the problem of Finnish having some sounds that in Swedish never existed, so he just tried to adapt the Swedish writing system to Finnish, with varying degrees of success. The result was the first form of written Finnish that actually was understandable enough to print, in spite of some spellings that to the average Finn seem comical and sometimes incomprehensible. Of course, he also based his Finnish on the Turku dialect, which was somewhat influenced by Swedish and which never really represented the language spoken in the rest of the country, which meant his Finnish was relatively understandable in Turku, but a hundred kilometers away it sounded weird and 500 km away it was barely legible.
@@jannevellamo Agricola's Finnish is indeed quite curious! It also seems to have some German influence, which I assume has to do with his time studying under Luther. It's a shame that there wasn't a more developed system around during the time of the Thirty Years' War, but it's also fascinating to see how Finnish and especially it's spelling has developed over the years.
The Finn language is not based on Latin Greek etc western language basis & words straddle different concepts to west words & slavic USSR also that had difficulty from outside to to penetrate but inside traitors red another topic & current . . the term is accurate as this channel translates , but an very telling of times term , Hakka Palle is translated . . hack on top , very apt for cavalry
How can you say so many untrue and schizophrenic things in a row? Like, what?
@@SairanBurghausen Settle down Arse scab Klaus Schwab
@@SairanBurghausen Finnish is it's own language group. If you look far enough back you'll find out that English and Russian are in same language family even though different a branch. Finnish is not related to one or the other so no it is not related to other European languages, being a Finno-Ugric language which again is in Uralian tongue family.
Shrugs - that guy did write it all wrong though - hakkaa päälle is how you spell it. As to what it has to do with 'hack atop' is - lol - probably speculation as they rode horses. In Finn it has notion of 'over taking' to it, but I'd translate it more in this manner 'beat them down' rather than using 'absolute' direct translation - which is more so 'hack atop'. There are longer versions which are a bit poetic, but those are here irrelevant. In fact the war cry simply became the root for the name the enemies gave to these cavalry men - hence Hakkapeeliita in Finn - or Hakapelitas in English.
(Not an easy topic to find info online though, that much I know as I am exo-finn - meaning living outside of Finland, as we tend to end up having to answer curious enquiries from time to time. Just saying that you end up more so with pages about Nokia winter tires - lol - if attempting to google about them. Figured that out trying to find something in language my husband could understand - sighs. Too often the Finnish history topics are just in Finn as if people back home assumed folk aren't interested. That's Finnish humility for you, which is more of a rule than anything in the culture - pride is said to become before a fall, so to speak. Some few other topics that may interest internationally, but are barely never mentioned even on Finnish history pages, unless you run into some University research paper are - lets see - some pre-christian heritage of holy trees and groves having persisted through even medieval and later eras rather far, hideout-cabins that were used for local people to vanish into forests when ever hostile neighbours like Russians attacked and example more, early 1700s having been the last time on record when they (Russians again) took actual slaves out of Finnish population about 30K women and children, while killing men off piles up on piles. Yes, you can find videos on the last topic though also in English, if you look for 'Greater Wrath'.)
@@lyrigageforge3259 I am not reading this comment. You begin it by making a statement about something I already know and to a much more intimate detail than you EVER could. I am literally in Finno-Ugristics, history and archeogenetics. Don't waste my time with whatever idiotic idea you've written down after the first paragraph.
Did anyone else hear the fart at 1:36
GIb FINNISH CAVALRY COMMANDER VIDEO ! GIB SNOWPLOW
Tbqh considering the script + editing time and how little interest it would rouse is not worth it for him.
Look up Kansallisbiografia and the biography of Åke Tott on it.
Rather it was hakkaa päälle.
Hakkapeliitta Finnis soldier in 1618-1638
Finns are among the most fierce warriors in Europe. They gave the Russians a vicious time in World War II and then followed up against Germany in 1944
The Finns owe their independence to the Germans. The victory of the German Reich against Russia in World War I brought freedom to the Finns. During the Second World War, the Finns fought side by side with the German Wehrmacht against the Soviet Union. With Germany's defeat in sight, the Finns turned on their former German allies for opportunistic reasons. Understandable, but still a betrayal.
Finnish White Guard Song about Kaiser Wilhelm II
czcams.com/video/S0Zv6VMzKAU/video.html
Yeah, and they have witchcrafts. They are frightening witches.
@@ericv.1420 lol
P
Did you say good riddance to the Great Roman Empire?!??!? We can't be friends anymore! :P
But seriously.....seriously?
Hakkaa päälle it is....hakkaaaa päääälle.
Ruotsista löytyy pelle " pällä " jönsejä.
Beware the Finns........ just ask a Russian.
How is your spelling so bad bruh? You keep changing the spelling of Hakkapeliittas and "Hakkaa päälle" throughout the video.
Finnish spelling in the 17th century was rather inconsistent, so funnily enough the funky spelling in the video seems quite appropriate for the time period being talked about.
You are clearly jealous of the powerful and successful Roman empire!!
livonians are not latvians.