How did the Norse & the Sámi Interact? | The History with Hilbert Podcast
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- čas přidán 9. 06. 2020
- The famous interactions of Norsemen in the Viking Age are the violent ones in places like Lindisfarne in 793 or Clontarf in Ireland in 1014 or Stamford Bridge in 1066. Much less attention is paid to the relationship between the Norse from the Viking Age and the indigenous Sámi or Saami people who hunted and herded reindeer in the Far North of Scandinavia.
Hi everyone this is the first episode of a new feature on the channel, the History with Hilbert Podcast where I'll be taking a more long-form approach to look at different subjects from history. I'll be inviting some guests on in future and hopefully making it a regular, perhaps weekly or biweekly feature. Let me know what you think!
Mentioned Videos:
Jackson Crawford on Old Norse views of the Sámi & Others:
• The Norse on Other Cul...
Did Cows Doom the Norse Colony on Greenland?
• Did Cows Doom The Nors...
Other Related Videos:
Norwegian Mountain Trade in the Viking Age:
• How Is Climate Change ...
Why Did the Viking Age Begin?
• Why Did The Viking Age...
The Viking Age in Frisia:
• How Did the Viking Age...
How Big Was Denmark in the Viking Age?
• How Big Was Denmark in...
Why Didn't the Viking Colonise North America?
• Why Didn't the Vikings...
Were the Vikings More Cruel Than Other Peoples?
• Were the Vikings Meane...
What was the Religion of the Mongols?
• What was the Religion ...
The History of the Viking Age in England:
• The History of the Vik...
The History of Viking Age York:
• The Viking History of ...
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#Viking #Sami #Sverige
Thanks for listening everyone, hope yous enjoyed the podcast! Be sure to check out the description for my other videos on the Viking Age and for articles if you'd like to find out more! If you found it interesting give me a thumbs up or considering subscribbling if you're new! I've listed timestamps below:
2:24: Introducing the Viking Age.
4:52: Textual sources on the Norse and the Sámi.
11:22: Linguistic evidence from Old Norse and Sámi loan words.
13:34: Sámi names in the Icelandic Sagas and bilingualism.
15:57: Seiðr and the influence of Sámi magic in Norse pagan religion.
19:49: DNA studies of the Sámi and their relationship with the Norse.
25:33: Archaeological evidence from multi-room stone houses in Northern Finnmark.
28:54: Icelandic trade with the Sámi.
32:11: How Scandinavians and Russians influenced Medieval Sámi culture and society.
37:10: Selenium-rich isotopes point to Sámi living much further south due to reindeer flesh consumption.
38:34: The Birklarkar: trans-cultural middlemen Sámi agents in Medieval Sweden.
42:04: Viking Age weights and balances found in Sámi contexts and the bullion economy.
42:43: Evidence of literate, judicially-aware Sámi in the 16th Century.
43:06: Other avenues of Sámi-Norse research.
43:53: Post-amble.
45:23: You're done go home. Kiss your loved ones. Be grateful for what you have.
Also let me know which podcast topic you'd like to see next?
-The Viking Age and Medieval Walrus Ivory Trade
-What West African Beads Tell Us About Globalism in Medieval Africa
-How Did the Anglo-Saxons Learn To Write
I vote for How the Anglo-Saxons Learned to Write! 😊
I vote for globalism
@@timothyvanwiggeren460 sioys nevurshmeyj
Thanks for the great work, Hilbert.
You may want to consider pinning this as it's getting lost in the comment section
I'm completely fine with dropping visuals for sake of goin indepth into the topic. But some reference photos might be cool sometimes.
I'm still tinkering with that so that might be something I'll incorporate in future.
@@historywithhilbert146 Will be lookin' forward for it, good luck Hilbert.
@@historywithhilbert146 Could you not work with someone that is also good at visuals? Might get you the best of both worlds.
I agree, I have always wondered about this topic so this video filled a blank in my knowledge of the period and I have no problem with longer less editing intensive videos.
I am not
I’m Norwegian and a bit of a history buff on Nordic history.
I must say that you have done some nice and pretty in-depth research on this. There are some bits and pieces not mentioned, not sure if it’s intended, but I must say I’m really impressed.
The Sami history is believed to go back to late BCE somewhere. The first written documents are from the Roman historian Tacitus in a book called Germania in 98 BC.
There have also been some old archeological finds in the last 30 years amongst them a fishing ground that is believed to be of Sami origin, and that has been carbon-dated to around year 0 CE.
You do not speak or read these languages, so I understand it’s difficult for you to find local sources written in Sami, Norwegian/ Swedish and Finnish.
Further I found it interesting that you caught this often strange and paradoxical relationship the Vikings had to the Sami mythology. There are some books that talks about this( in Norwegian and Swedish).
It seems they were fine with robbing and taxing the Sami people with brute force, but often came back and asked for guidance by the Sami shamans.(the Noaid).
To become a Noaid was something the gods chose for you as a young boy, the gods found you.
The Noaid could talk to the gods and dead ancestors, and often got information on how to handle future events/ decisions from different spirits. So it’s understandable the Vikings kept these Shamans in very high regard.
Anyway great work on this topic.
Some of the Sami are _still_ a nomadic people, and it's visible in how they're treated legally in the Nordic countries. The hardest of times were when they were prohibited from legally taking their livestock over the various Nordic borders. Anyway, they would often come and set up camp outside Norse towns and settlements and trade with them, for instance, and this still takes place up until today.
Well that is barely. It is the case for the reindeer herder clans who are around 2-3 percent of the ethnic group. But they use helicopters, snowmobiles now... ;) The ones above 65 years old who are not reindeer herders spend quite much time on the tundra and in the bogs and woods still, in primarily the berry season, the hunting and the lake-fishing season + the easter vacation.
@@KibyNykraft A lot of people younger than 65 do the same
Strange Dutch man has a one way conversation with you about a fringe historical topic, I love it.
As a Native American, I'm always interested in such things. To those descended from native people's who lived through the turbulence of "racial cross contact" and the cultural casualties and opportunities that comes with it, are events of a major kind.
Fringe is just another word of empowerment by people set in the rightness of their own cultural primacy. "Your toothache isn't my problem." attitude is a shallower response than I expected.
@@addeenen7684 Intro van zijn Patreon: "Hi all! My name is Hilbert, no, that's not a typo for Gilbert, we do actually call our children that in Friesland. If you're subscribbled to my CZcams Channel, History with Hilbert, you'll already know all about this, but if you're not I'd recommend having a look at it before you donate any of your hard earned sceatta/denarii/florins to a raving-mad, clog-wearing, herring-biting, axe-wielding Dutchman with a penchant for the more niche aspects of history."
This comment sounds like an oddly specific porn title.
Frisians have nothing to do with northen people
@@JohnSmith-ft2tw I wouldn’t think of it from a cultural supremacy pov but from a mass ignorance on the subject, when he says fringe. Most people have no idea about Sami never-mind their interaction with Norse.
The only suggestion would be when you're talking about specific geographic places, maybe insert a map image showing the location you're mentioning? Really interesting though.
This. This should be the default for all history. Put all different kinds of maps for locations.
As a Sami this video is extra interesting for me, Thank you for this video. Your pronunciation of fox and iron is surprisingly good.
I'm looking into Sami culture and am having problems finding more. I'm from Denmark. I'm new to CZcams and don't know if it's possible to meet people through here...
@@martinsvolgart9803 Tjek svensk / norsk TV - de har for nylig vist en serie på 2 (eller 3) programmer om samernes historie og kultur i Sampi (Norge, Sverige, Finland, Rusland)
@@martinsvolgart9803 P.s.Søg ikke efter Sampi(=stør) men Sápmi
@@martinsvolgart9803 look upp Sameblod
Ambot sa imo.
As a part Norwegian but also a part Sami I really loved this video. My great great grandma was "Laplander" (Sami) and her children and grandchildren kept a lot of the customs alive and true here into the Americas. They basically settled in south Dakota and my grandma who was the first born in the Americas was a huge influence to me through Sami songs and stories. Reindeer /goats/ caribou have been a big deal in our paths. Love this video know I'm a year late to see it but kudos
Yes I'm from MN I just like to say tho that there are other indigenous people I recommend looking up Dakota people of north and south Dakota there lots of other indigenous people throughout America and Canada I prefer to call this turtle island
How does goats tie into things? Never met a sami that mentioned goats before, here in Norway. Also: "Lapplander" is more a swedish/finish term. In Norway we say "same". "Lapp" would be considered derogatory here, actually.
Is there a Sami community in South Dakota now?
@@HansenFTsami people had goats in their history.
"Lapp" is concidered racist in Sweden but is still used in the "Lappland" name.
This is actually pretty fascinating and I never even thought about it
Thank you I'm glad you found it interesting!
I never even heard of the Sámi before. Great video. What an entertaining and instructive channel.
The Sami are very mysterious to me and i want to know more! Thank you very much
@@anfrankogezamartincic1161 they are finno-ugric nomadic people and origins from siberia areas
@@huginmunin8253 No wonder they have teepees like our Native Americans. I wonder if any of the Saami DNA would come up similar to the DNA of that of Native Americans since they do originate from Siberia? I know the Kazahks do.
I'm a little disappointed this didn't get into the distinctions between the more nomadic Saami and other settled finno-ugric groups of the north like Bjarmaland (Who were later absorbed by Novgorod / Perm) and Kvenland (Theorized to lie at the north-most point of the gulf of Bothnia) In Egils saga during one of those expeditions for tribute from the Saami, Norsemen under Thorolf come to the aid of a king Faravid (Who may be the Norse name for the mythic Lemminkäinen) to fight of Karelians. I also remember accounts that in the post-Viking age; a Norwegian king allowed a group of Bjarmalanders to settle in Finnmark after Novgorod exerted more of it's power over the White Sea. I also remember something about the Norse believing sons of mixed Norse and Finnic blood being ugly while daughters were likely to be beautiful. Campaigns into Finnmark could go badly in winter due to the mobility of Saami archers on Skis while summer was infested with biting gnats. As for magic; The Norse sometimes feared Saami shamans would summons storms to sink their ships. On the other hand, a Norse king prized a gift from the Saami which was described as a magic reindeer shirt of armor (Which kinda sounds like a quilted fur gambeson or possibly lamellar Armour to me) One of the early explorers to Iceland was half-Saami too and went there mainly for hunting walrus. Sorry if this is long and messy; this is one of my favorite topics of research. I really like the mention that early on the Norse banned missionaries from going to the North for fear that it would corrupt their magic.
Alot of finns were part of the boat and battle are culture like ruriks father who was more then likely a finnish warlord but got folded into Swedish history because he was from Sweden
I am most impressed that the Sami, or Finns, seemed to always win against the Norse. The land had to have had the most to do with that. Plus the Finns were tough fighters, against their own people, even.
Yet Ottar from Norway collected furs and such things from the Finns in northern Norway as a kind of tribute, I believe it was.
Jesus Christ everyone is a scholar here ! PHD wouldn't have a look in
I'm sorry what were you saying?
One aspect that's quite forgotten in Sweden is the main distinction between the groups of, nomadic reindeer herders up in the northern regions, and the more southern forest Sami. The latter group has become quite invisible as it has been overtaken by the swedish culture.
This is exactly what I like to see on CZcams, I'm so thankful for History With Hilbert and their dedication to topics avoided and ignored by mainstream history channels. From the video, I actually learned something today, about a topic that's almost non-existent on this platform. Thank you.
Heh we also got really old Germanic loan words in Finnish that others have already stopped using. Isolation is a nice thing :)
On nice! Which ones? It's strange watching the Sami language, because of some things are completely undistinguishable, yet some are pretty similar to Norwegian.
perkele
@@kebman langstuff.pjm.fi/frompgtofi/ there are some, the most known one may be the load word from Proto-Germanic "kuningaz" Finnish=kuningas, which is today in English "king" and in German "König"
@@Christoph2600 Perkele is actually a loan from the baltic languages. Perkeleh was the god of thunder (in Lithuanian it's Perkūnas).
@@marsukarhu9477 I just wanted to demonstrate my language skillz 🌚
This was 47 minutes?? It definitely didn't feel like that when it was live. I had great time listening and chatting about this.
As a Norwegian this was super interesting to listen to, and I learned A LOT about our native people's history!
@@astianpesukone_4226 most sámi people people lives in scandinavia tho
Im a half Finnish half sami and this was real interesting topic, something that is hard to come by usually!
@@astianpesukone_4226 Bruh I know people who's parents are Sami that live in Norway.
Believe it or not, people can move.
Also, the op could have been speaking of the norse, I guess.
You’re more native then them, they came way after you
@@frankpepe2079 who?
Thank you man, as a Norwegian history enthusiast I have always wondered about the relations between the Norse and Sami. This was awesome.
I love your videos in general, especially this one. Great job Hilbert. Independent History youtubers really don’t get enough credit or love, since they are pretty much making near hour long videos on their passion for not that much money. I hope all is well and really hope your channels grows bigger. Also sidenote, thanks to your videos about the Dutch language and history I started to take a Duolingo course on it and it’s both extremely easy and extremely convoluted at the same time. Still I love it.
I just wanna say thank you. This way of telling history was absolutely perfect for me. And i hope you do more in this format
I like both formats honestly. Your regular style occasionally permeated with these longer ones is really nice especially since the Norse is a topic I really love studying and learning about
I swear you're the man Hilbert. I wish more than anything in life I was at Cambridge studying exactly what you're studying rn. Please keep sharing it is some sick stuff. Cheers from Canada.
HI FELLOW CANADIAN 🍼🐷🇨🇦🇯🇵
I like the format and enjoyed the podcast. Just one thing I'd wish for: when talking about geographic stuff, showing a map would help a lot.
I'm so happy you covered this topic. I live in Sweden, and have a lot of connections with people from places suc as Arjeplog and Vilhelmina which have huge cultural history regarding the Sámi, and this is an oft underrepresented people group who I'm glad to see more content on. Tack så jätte mycket!
Tusentack! Glad you found this interesting!
Dude any content you release I'm going to watch I don't care how long it is, or if it has animations or not.
The podcasts are great because I can listen while at work, and the fascination you provide really takes my mind off the monotony.
Cheers Hilbert
Thanks for the fascinating talk. I would be very pleased to hear more in this format.
I am very much impressed by your broad range of interest and the quality of your videos. Also impressed by your pronounciation of Norse/Scandinavian names.
Absolutely loved this episode, listened from start to finish in one go while doing work. I for one want videos like this onece in a while.
You should do something similar to this with the interactions and relations of the Norse and the Finnish tribes (Tavastians, Finns Proper etc.). There is a lot of archeological evidence for frequent interactions be it trade or conflict that go back past the Viking Age and into the earlier periods as well.
An interesting topic, as the interaction between west and east in the Bothnian and north Baltic region goes back longer than the written history.
As I understand the most conflicts have its roots in the crusades during the early medieval period.
@@jansundvall2082 Yes, most records and mentions of conflicts between Scandinavians (and Novgorodians) are from the 1000s/1100s/1200s, but there are a few mentions that go back even further. Note that these came centuries later after the fact, if it even happened, but some of them are:
The story of the mythological Swedish king Agne going to war with Finns and later getting hanged by Finns. (4th century)
Finnish tribesmen as mercenaries in Denmark and Uppland (7th century)
This one is backed up by archeological evidence such as the Finnish activity and partial settlement in Sweden before and during the viking age and the introduction of the Frankish angon javelin and local Finnish modifications of it around that time.
Swedish king Eric Anundsson making campaigns to Finland, Kirjaland (Karelia), Courland, Estonia and other eastern lands. (9th century)
Ragnar Lothbrok suffering a defeat from the Bjarmians who are supported by the Finnish king named Matul. (818)
Conflicts were very limited in the north Norway and the east of Scandinavia and northwesternmost of what is now Russia. Those came mostly just with religion (the spreading of christianity) and with much later politics (the 1900s). The northwest Europe and south Norway + Denmark, south Sweden + south Europe had much more willingness of war and quarrels in the medievals/viking age and some time onwards. The northern and northeastern groups of various languages and lifestyles in Scandinavia, Finland, Karelia had a rather peaceful and simple lifestyle with small scale farming ,nomad life, fishery, trading.
One of the few exceptions were a karelian tribe called the Tshoodit /chudes (norwegian "tsjuder") who in the legends of the sämi were a pirate-like tribe surviving on often plundering. However those legends might be somewhat exaggerated of course. Some historians place them in Estonia during the roman age of Europe and until the late viking age, but that is impossible to know if is right. The old norwegian fiction movie Veiviseren from 1987 (sämi "Ofelash", the s has a v over it to make it sh) was based on the Davvi/north sämi version of the legend. The east sämi version of the Skolt and the Akkala is a bit different, where the sämi instead trick them into getting stuck on an island.
@@KibyNykraft The Finnish tribes, inhabiting southern Finland and areas around Ladoga were far from peaceful and "simple". The archeological evidence of weaponry, hillforts and burials of warriors, nobility and rulers with their equipment proves this idea wrong. Weaponry and other equipment made locally and acquired from the southern Baltic region, Scandinavia and as far as the Ural mountains also shows their wealth and importance in the west to east trade. The Finnish tribes were also predominantly agricultural, with slash-and-burn farming being most common. Hunting and fishing obviously also existed, but by the time of the viking age and even centuries before, Finns had settled into permanent settlements with agriculture being the main source for food. All of what I mentioned was the norm for all Baltic Finnic peoples of the time, not just the Finnish tribes. Finds like these are almost nonexistent for the Sami of the time period. This difference in lifestyle between the southern Finns along with Baltic Finnic people as a whole and the north/inland living Sami is also why the Finnish population was larger and more organized leading to war being larger in scale. Your description fits better with the Sami people, who due to their remote habitat, remained as semi-nomadic hunters and foragers beyond the medieval era, although some coastal Sami on the Arctic coasts had more settlement similar to that of Scandinavians and they practiced farming along with marine fishing. It wasn't until a subgroup of Sami in the 1500s started large-scale reindeer herding (not that it didn't exist before, it was however smaller in scale and less sophisticated) and displaced the still hunter-gatherer Sami that had existed for millennia bringing that lifestyle to an end and making the reindeer herding associated with the Sami today their main lifestyle.
@@jokemon9547 But now I was talking about the scarcer northern regions, not Ladoga which I count as southeast classic Finland.
This is the kind of podcast I didnt know I wanted! I love the in-depth discussion, and I'm typically doing something that requires my eyes off the screen so the lack of visuals/graphics is just fine for my needs
Thank you very much please feel free to continue with this format is great I’ve learned a lot
Id love to listen to something like this as a downloadable podcast
Actually u can already do that, Just use a simple Video Converter and only convert the sound, download it and voila: You have it on your phone, forever and no internet required.
I'll see what websites are good for uploading podcasts so that you can do that.
I agree, this would be awesome in podcast form. Short form - videos, long form podcasts (for my 2 cents)
@@historywithhilbert146 I, too would love an RSS feed for the podcast. I think quite a few people use Libsyn.
@@historywithhilbert146 what about uploading it to spotify? Would also earn you some money. Probably not a lot, but a free beer is a free beer ;)
The Shigir Idol, from the Urals, does paint a picture of a more southern spread that was forced north over time. I think the climate shift and the Doggerland hunting element of calorie acquisition is key to finding a common feature that kept the peoples divided but intermingling along coastal hunting grounds.
i like the podcast format. I'm now able to listen whilst i work safe in the knowledge i'm not missing visuals.
looking forward to the poll.
I would very much enjoy a long-form format. The usual length often leaves me wanting more. Thank you for taking our opinion into consideration.
The connection between the Norse and Sami is not something I have considered before now. I learnt a lot from this so thank you for sharing your knowledge.
Great video! It's not often that I see any history channel on CZcams discuss anything to do with the Sámi, let alone care to mention them. As a Sámi in Norway, I was very pleased to find this video. There is much of my people's history I would like to learn more about, beside the forced assimilation policies of the past centuries. I didn't know, for instance, that the Norwegian word for fox comes from the Sámi languages, rather than the other way around.
By the way: Siida is pronounced much like "cedar", but without the r.
Is Siida Sami magic? Because in norce it is prunounced Seidr
@@toresanderifyI'm not sure about the excact meaning of "Siida", nor its roots - though it generally refers to a set of families (could be related families, meaning that they form some variety of a clan) cooperating on reindeer herding. It's the term used for pastoral districts in Norway today.
@@toresanderify Seidr refered to either knowledge or shamanism/druidism-like practice/beliefs. Depending on the context, but there was no distinction so much since the culture was quite superstitious in the non-scientific world. The classic siida like before the medieval age = an unwritten agreement on who hunts and fish where, somewhat similar to practices in the native american regions in the past. The aspect of reindeer herding siidas came into it later once the herds started getting slowly bigger and bigger.
@@ailo1917 Yes there is more than enough about the "vikings" whenever there is a focus about Scandinavia in the angloamerican and south/central european cultures, and often in contexts where they even exaggerate enormously the meaning of the word in many ways. Du kjenner til begrepet norrøne folkeeventyr.
A great beginning! You have so much to talk about you need a forum that is easy for you sometimes❣️
I enjoy hearing about the sagas, I’ve read them ( what’s available in English that is) but need scholarly interpretation on all the meaning they imply, just to name one thing.
Thank you Hilbert!
This is a brilliant format for you! I love the regular videos, but this definitely fits a niche of more long form informal discussion that too few channels I follow have branched out into. If you enjoy producing these podcasts I say go for it, and add it to your repertoire.
Lots of interesting points mentioned in this video. Overall just want to say this was wonderful podcast Hilbert! So much history and I think bit of anthropology involved. Really well-done.
*EDIT* also archeology and politics of the Middle Ages in this region.
How the Anglo Saxons learnt to write would be interesting
Thanks for the feedback I already recorded the next one on runes but a few people have said they'd be interested in this so I'll add it to the list!
Yes id like this one pls
Monks from Frankia
From Romans, or Roman influenced cultures such as the Normans, who were vikings who settled in France.
with a thumbnail dipped in tar
I like both formats!! This long form version is very informative and still interesting. The shorter ones are good for a quick fact tho. I think a mix of both types would be very good! But of course it's your channel and I'll likely enjoy whatever form you go with!
Absolutely prefer depth - the long-form - to visuals 90% of the time. Loved it! Thank you!
Hi, it's Emile I went to school with you, thanks for this video! Your channel is really interesting and I'm glad to see it growing
I'm currently creating an online project that involves both the Saami and the Norse so this will be really helpful to me
YES, love it.. I watch all of your content and videos and I would also like to to present a more simple to publish, long form-informative CZcams video with a simple photograph that captures the historical context of the subject matter or a simply upload a graphic that does the same job. I feel like I could create so much more content without having to worry about the graphics and making it look so appealing to the eyes and what not. Great Job HILBERT!
Thank you so much man that's really nice of you to say and good to know this is something you enjoy!
I'm of Norse decent, and, I've heard much about our tales, and the telling of them, from the Norse side, despite the lack of written stories.
I really enjoy hearing more about how these interactions were recorded, by people who encountered my ancestors, and wrote their thoughts down.
I am fascinated by this topic and I appreciated the longer podcast version that goes further in depth. I looked up my own maps and examples of Sami artifacts and stone houses. I love your content, no matter the format; it is exactly what I am studying and I trust that your information is based upon detailed research and study. Plus you referenced Jackson Crawford, my other favorite, and trusted resource. Thanks for doing this!!
Love the long form style! It's great to have this on in the background while I'm exercising/doing chores. One note though, CZcams is not well suited to a non-visual text. I could definitely download this with some converter if I wanted to to be fair, but it would be great if this were available on some podcast platform to make it more accessible. Big undertaking I know but maybe worth exploring!
I've never seen anything from your channel before. I'm a swede and while we learned a bit about the Sami in school, my knowledge of the history of the Sami is embarrassingly lacking. We mostly learned about the relations that Swedes and Sami peoples had in more modern times (very dark stuff for the most part).
This was a really interesting video and I'll be checking out your channel.
Yes Aslan there is almost no emphasis on history as a subject in schools in Sweden and Norway, where they are better in Finland at this. School in Norway and sweden have gone off track into a lot of politics, averageminded stuff and religion, but very little of science, craftsmanship nor intellectually useful subjects.
I listen to your videos while at work, so long form podcasts are always welcomed!
I love the History with Hilbert podcasts, they are perfect for listening to at work.
My old history teacher (a great guy, btw) was all but obsessed with the Sami. This video is a must watch for me because of it!
very fascinating. please continue podcasting. Especially since I'm planning to be on this in the future.
Whatever form you pick you'll do great man. You've got a natural talent for it and a great education. I would certainly like to see you continue doing both your traditional video's and this new "podcast" style.
I have been loosely looking for this for some years now. Thanks for the good dip in the topic of interactions.
The Old Norse "refr" ("fox") is usually considered a borrowing from Finnic, not from the Sami. The Northern Sami word you mentioned ("rieban") is a loanword from Finnic *repäinen.The Estonian word for a fox ("rebane") comes from this form. An archaic Finnish word for a fox ("repo") comes from Finnic *repoi and there seems to have been third form *repäs from which the Old Norse word was likely borrowed.
Also the Samic word for iron could be borrowed from Finnic *rauta ("iron") rather than directly borrowed from Germanic.
All Uralic and all Finnic (Sámi is also Finnic).
Anyhow, how does that word not come from rapine?, which comes from Lat. rapina (loot, plunder) and is cognate with words like raptor, rape, ravage, etc. Root: rapio = snatch, grab, carry off, abduct, rape. Except rape, those are the kind of activities associated with foxes. There's also the word ravir (derived from rapio), which means basically the same as rapine (but as verb) and looks very similar to refr.
Maybe it's one of those Indo-Uralic sprachbund things, unsure.
@@LuisAldamiz No, repo doesn't have anything to do with that Latin word, it is an old Finno-Ugric word. A possible but uncertain connection has been suggested to Aryan *reupośo 'fox, jackal'
Finnic is sometimes used confusinly to mean both Balto-Finnic, and the whole Finnic branch of Finno-Ugric. I think Closet Monster means that they are Balto-Finnic loans.
@@valkeakirahvi - Nice that you mention that *reuposo thing. I wonder what do you mean by "aryan": Iranic or Indo-Aryan? Anyhow, "raposo" is a Spanish word meaning exactly "fox" (and not just approximately). It's not really used anymore, but it was common in books I read as child.
I would thing it also has Lat. "rapio" as root but let's check. In any case now I'm certain that it was this word what triggered my train of thought, as I'm native Spanish speaker.
(... time ...)
Wikitionary mentions the word as both Spanish and Galician, with a Portuguese extension meaning "sly". It also mentions the Galician synonym "renarte" which may link to the Germanic story of Reynard the Fox (absolutely not known in Spain, I only learned of it as adult).
However Wikitionary offers no reasonable etymology, speculating with words like "rabo" (tail) and "rábano" turnip as relatives of "raposo" without any certainty (and IMO no likelihood either). However it does also mention Lat. "rapio" and Galician "rapar" (to snatch). It also mentions Asturian "rapiega" = fox and that these words all sound similar to "rapine" (which is what came to my mind first and which comes certainly from "rapio").
Also in Lithuanian we have word "raudona" - red. Sounds very similar as it was pronounced in the video. So it could derive from Indo-European languages, or we might borrow it from sami.
I don't believe you.
PERKELE!
Yes yes, a man of Sauna-Culture :D you have my respect! :DD
👌
More of a Perkūnas type of guy myself
Dievas safeguard (us)! What comes from there!?
Taivas varjele! Mitä sieltä tulee!? - Antero Mertaranta czcams.com/video/aFvy4YSt1tQ/video.html
ei no mida vittu
great content, I actually prefer the audio format as I can listen while doing other stuff, also like the long form and more in depth approach. I really wish you make more podcasts in the future
I like the podcast version too. Especially about subjects from a long time ago where there are no good pictures for. Good job!
superinteresting! I love the anthropological notes you integrate. Acknowledging the existence of magic in relation to how important and real this used to be, and some argue still is i.e superstitions, to people. Loved it!
Thank you so much for the feedback!
@@historywithhilbert146 graag gedaan :)
Thank you for this. Well done. I have subscribed.
I have one minor technical linguistic point to make: when contrasting the language of the Norse and the language of the Sami, you mention that Norse is an Indo-European language, and say Sami is a Finno-Ugric language. In the interest of semantic parallelism, Sami would be better described as a Uralic language. Finno-Ugric is just one branch of Uralic (the other being Samoyed.) The violation of parallelism is in the fact that Indo-European is an actual language family whereas Finno-Ugric is only a sub-family.
... what
I agree, it needs to be talked about on the same level so to say.
@@peterfeng7161 what what?
@@kornaes I understand nothing of this
You mean Yamnaya!
I enjoyed it very much. No distracting visuals and well presented information made the time fly by extremely quick. I'd love to have it as downloadable podcast. As another commenter put it short visuals and in depth podcast would be having the best of both worlds. Thank you for teaching us
Thank you! I found your podcast very informative and engaging.
Finally some much needed coverage on the sámi!
A people Shrouded in speculation
Mostly reindeers tbh
Get these podcasts on Spotify or somewhere pls. Huuuge fan of the channel.
I do like your visuals, and maps and such in general when watching history stuff on YT, your characters were one of the main reasons your channel stood out for me, that and you talk about my favorite period. At the same time, I wouldn't stop watching if you do go longform.
More of this please! (Format), as well as content (interactions of different cultures, especially the lesser known ones).
Thanks for a great video! Please do a video on how the Norse interacted with Finnic people next.
this is rather interesting and i never even thought about this on a deep level! well done :)
Hilbert. I subscribed to your channel for a reason. I am interested in every topic you've posted about so far, and I am likely to enjoy anything you post in the future. Keep up the good work.
So happy to see this topic. My son & I just enjoyed “Klaus” together & he really wanted to learn more about their culture because of their portrayal in that feature.
The podcast format is fine. One piece of constructive criticism is that the looser discourse requirements can encourage rambling, which obscures your info delivery. I’m certain you’ll sharpen your focus & get the “ramble” out of your preamble as you hit your stride.
I also agree with some of the other commenters that a few more visual aids would be helpful as you go through your presentation. It would also add structure to your lecture & increase our retention of your considerable amount of content.
Those are just quibbles. I found this well worth my time to listen. Your voice is very pleasant & well-inflected. Thank you for posting it for our enjoyment.
Please do a podcast on the sami and the fins either together or separate! Grandmother is Finnish
I love podcasts, I devour hours and hours of them during my workdays, if the situation allows it.
First time viewer. Clicked because the length of this video was what I wanted on the subject. Never thought about visuals but when you mentioned it at the start I just shrugged, podcast form is fine. Quality information is the valuable part and it is definitely provided. For what that's worth.
I‘ve just discovered your channel and I haven‘t watched any of your other videos, but I absolutely love this type of content! I‘d rather listen to a 2 hour Podcast about history than watch a 15 minute video. Some reference photos would e nice, but all in all I really loved this!
Controversial topic:
Bantu expansion, and the lose of Khoisan territory. It's pretty touchy, but people are so damn ignorant on Africa. They think the current 'natives' have been there for thousands of years. But in many cases, the Bantu arrived just before the Europeans did.
I mean its the same thing in the Great Plains of America, most the tribes were relative newcomers to the region and had just conquered those territories for themselves when Manifest Destiny came a knockin'.
Not "just" really, but i concur nevertheless.
Its an apartheid narrative, archaeology has pushed the first Nguni immigrations 1100yrs backwards. Also there is no Khoisan, there is San and Khoekhoe. Khoisan is a term invented by that horrible german racebiologist who terrorized Namibia. The Khoekhoe mixed with and pushed the san, but they came much later and even though their languages became intertwined, they remainded seperate cultures and clusters of ethnic groups. Both the khoekhoe and the San to a large exent became intertwined and mixed in with the Nguni tribes. Especially the Xhosa who had several large Khoekhoe groups within its tribal structures. It wasen't only a narrative about the blacks pushing away smaller older groups.
Another fun fact, there is Neanderthal genes in Khoekhoe from before the arrival of the european settelers, indicating some of their ancestors where part in an ancient "back into africa" migration
@@EmilReiko classic Bantu justification of San genocide.
@@EmilReiko and Xhosa are just one tribe. Where are the San people's in Mozambique, Zimbabwe, or Zambia? Gone. They were wiped off the face of the earth.
I like the longer format for when I play WoW or video games, I often stick on a podcast or something to listen to on in the background.
Although I do enjoy the typical format you use too.
To be honest, I have often listened to your videos while doing some mindless task in a video game, so dropping the visuals is fine by me. I definitely enjoyed the depth of this video.
Really enjoyed this! I'd definitely appreciate more videos like this
More of these podcasts please!
Could you do a similar video on the Norse and the Rus Pagans? You could talk about how they first interacted and how this led to the many warring rus slavic pagan tribes uniting behind Norse leadership. You could talk about how the rus produced Viking ships for the Viking’s, other trade down the Volga and the varangians who stayed in the Rus.
This seems a bit confusing, the Rus were vikings and the Norse leadership the slavic tribes united behind.
@@znail4675 that is right... However there was the Kievan Rus as well later, which was a blend of norse culture opportunists and slavic-speaking elites. The name Rus/Roos/Rous is the old name for Sweden in northeastern Europe and in the finnobaltic areas. It may have been used also in Sweden itself if we speak of local areas. The name Sweden came most probably from the Suitones, who seems to have been a gothic tribe but that is not possible to verify really. In modern-day finnish Sweden is called "Ruotsi" (which literally means Russia), while Russia in finnish is called Venäjä. Which means land of the vendhyans or/and vanadians.
..then one can jump into all the story about Rurik of course. The names ending with -ik or in latin -ic are gothic (like Liuvigilds became Ludvig, Aymeric became Eirik etc). The old gothic age (like related to the name Gotland, Jylland (Jutland), Götaland with Göteborg(Gothenburg) pretty clearly shows the presence of the goths in old north Europe. This was before the viking age more or less. So the elder origin of the Rus name could have come from the gothic culture.
@@KibyNykraft It was indeed used in Sweden or close enough. An old name for the central parts of Sweden is "Roslagen" or land of the Ros as they called themselves. This most likely comes from "ro" the Swedish for "to row (a boat)". Swedish viking did very well trading all the way to Constantinople and quite a few settled down in the Ukraine area as can be seen even today by the large number of blondes compared with nearby countries.
@@znail4675 Probably that would be lågen, which means "the river". Å = like in english aw or like o in fork. Lagen means in swedish "the law". However sometimes the short ao went to au, a, instead of to å.
I usually listen to your videos as I'm doing things around the house, so for me this format is great.
I liked it a lot. I often listen to long format stuff like this while doing menial tasks, so I would rather actually this format than ones that rely upon visuals, since I listen more than watch. Very interesting topic! I’ve always been curious about the Saami.
Fascinating for one that is 3/4 Sapmi. Sadly I don't speak to language as it was not fashionable in the 60s to 90s. 🙂
I’m only 5% Sámi/Sapmi according to my DNA test. But that tiny amount was the most interesting to me, because I’d never heard of such a people! I’m from the USA, 47% Swedish, 26% Western European, 22% British Isles, and 5% mysterious, magical Reindeer herder! I live in Germany now, and was planning to visit some of the Nordic regions this summer, then Covid came along... where are you from? Did your family move to somewhere with a different language and y’all just stopped speaking it to assimilate?
@@danielleswan3602 We made is basically illegal to speak and learn sami in schools from the 1880's untill about the 1950-60. "Fornorskning" it was called, an attempt to completely assimilate the sami people culturally and linguistically with the norwegian population. These days we celebrate sami culture but still consider them completely norwegian.
@@fairhair1539 HAHAHAHA
@@fairhair1539 Consider them completely Norwegian, lol. If you call yourself sami you are not Norwegian and Norwegian refere to them as Sami and they call themself Sami and call us Norwegians colonisers. Very Norwegian, it like calling a African born in Norway Norwegian.
@@danielleswan3602 what I could find from my family is 80% of my genetic is local to the area for over 1000s years. But my mum mum family is from Danish viking that come north in 1700 century as a priest to Christian the Sapmi people. Have 7% Inuit gene to. 🙂
I am a big fan of podcasts and normal short videos and find them both equally interesting and it would be really nice if you someday could start posting podcasts at Spotify as well :)
I enjoyed this immensely. It’s a lot of information but that’s good. Thank you for covering this.
What an interesting talk! Before this video, I am ashamed to say, I wasn't aware that there were a Sami people so this has been most educational. I have subscribed and look forward to listening to future podcasts. :)
Hi hilbert. I love this. rly an interesting area(?) You forgot the timestamp : )
10:33 interesting what you say about the word for buying, the word for town in modern Finnish is Kaupunki which surely must be related; town/market, not so different things especially in those times
I’d say that probably comes from ”köping”, which is an old Swedish word for town, with the same roots. It’s still seen in many city names, such as Linköping, Norrköping and Jönköping. The verb “buy” in Swedish is “köpa”.
I love this format! And I'd love to hear more about the Norse!
I am impressed with your pod cast. Thank you for sharing. :)
The story about the trade of insults between Ođin and Loki is indeed from the Lokasenna.
Cant wait
Like the podcast! Great addition to the videos you do, they are both good for their own reasons.
Love this kind of videos and these topics. Please keep it up! Cheers
Cool Video 😍
I speak both language Sápmi and Norwegian 🤭🤗 two different languages from each other.
Now Sápmi lives every where today , but most of them is in the capital of Norwegian, Oslo. 😅😁
You from ? 😁
Interesting topic tonight considering I live with Norwegian Sámi housemates. I was only aware of more modern interactions between sámi and norwegian state.
One thing that you didn't mention is that I often hear about two types of Sámi, the mountain Sámi known for the reindeer herding and semi-nomadic life but also the sea Sámi, living on the fjords more permanently from fishing. In the context of trade and interactions I would imagine these to be quite different.
Also when you speak of the use of metals and silver in Sámi culture, you can see a lot of the history and more contemporary designs and uses of this at the silversmiths in Kautokeino. This sort of thing is very much still alive.
Good stuff, always love listening to your content. Also would love to see more on the cultural transition on old English literature, a note on the seven rune rings would be interesting.
I like the idea of having both types of presentations. Even if you moved the long form to another platform I would like having the deep dives. Thanks from Texas!
I've always wondered why it's rarely ever mentioned that if you circumnavigate the Arctic Circle,the people are all the same kind or at least very similar kind of people. I've always thought that was weird,especially if you factor in most establishment 4 year university types,anthropologists and such go out of their way to put down anything that doesn't correlate to their specific narratives. I mean when I was a kid we watched a film on Laplanders and for a good while after that I knew no better than to think they were ethnic "Europeans" that herded reindeer. And that was an old ass film that was already old when I was a kid in the mid 80's so that kind of thing goes way back.
@@CreateHarmony It might be easier to criss cross the artic rather than the atlantic
@@CreateHarmony Well the until recently hypothesis of how migration happened was mostly just dictated by the big religions, in fear that the science community would prove that the world wasn't appearing out of the magic wand of a god only some thousands of years ago.... There are major changes to the dating of migration theory pretty quickly during the last only 12-15 years. That we migrated out from Africa is no doubt real. I am not sure what you are talking about when you say that migrations went across the Atlantic? That was in modern times from barely the viking age (but not sustained), and mostly from the time of Columbus. The ancient migrations into Americas from Eurasian regions went from Siberia into the northern american continent. This is the arctic route. This all scientists agree on except the fringes of alternative media. What there is not agreed on is the exact dating of which migrations which is a much harder question that must take into account climate conditions for example.
@@edumatoso214 Depends on what you mean by "criss cross"... Nobody walks into the North pole. Especially not in elder times. Only the Nansen, Nobile, Amundsen types do that. And that was in the age of modern history of exploring the poles. Before the glacial maximum the subarctic and small sections of the arctic were land areas much bigger than now, so travel would be happening to some degree. The H-G cultures moved around occasionally for several reasons over time. From the Glacial Maximum of the ice age and onwards this became much more restricted, due to enormous areas of ice and snow. After that melting floods, changes of topography, practically impossible conditions for H-G travel. They didnt exactly have Concordes. So all of the migration into the north american continent and Greenland most clearly must have happened before the GM. "Scholars" who still refuse this are stuck in theological mud :)
Interesting fact, a lot of sami in nortern sweden have hypenated names that can sound quite odd to swedes. One explanation i have heard is that the origin is that one name is the "christian" name given by the priest and one is the sami name or a scandinavisation of a sami name. So not one name in two parts but two names. I have no idea how valid this is thoug but it came to my mind when you talked about the sami having norse names in the sagas.
A whole different thing is that now politicians in Norway has created new formal names on locations/towns in historical and present-cultural sämi regions that they think sound like sämi. The intention is sweet since the sämi was forbidden and suppressed. The comedy of it is that in many cases those new names are norwegian that has just been respelled to look sämi. The old generations and some of the younger individuals know the real sämi names, but they weren't asked. In the older days there would naturally be blend names from cultures meeting up so to speak. Formal names however belongs to the european monarchy and church cultures, whereas the sämi didn't have formal name systems with fore-and surenames. They often had one name only, plus (or) a nickname characterizing the person somehow. If you always hung around by the river you became River-Börje. Jogasbörje or Johkanbörje or similar. Today most sämi have surnames that originally are scandinavian and/or finnish. In Russia like Luujavre/Lovozero they have russian surnames. Some have sämi forenames but not many. It has become a trend to samify nonsami names for example.
History with Hilbert
Yes, ✔️👍💛! MORE these type of subject Vlogs!
I was surfacing for Finnar Sami Northern Scandinavian & Shamanism the other day and TODAY, your Channel Vlog popped up! I found this very interesting and informative!
I am if Scandinavian heritage(🇳🇴🇸🇪)
and language of Sami & Shaman of Norge, Siberia all way to Mongolian joiilk throat toning singing! (posted by AR 🇺🇲)
Good video! I worked at a southern sami museum, and i teached this to the visitors! Keep up with the good work!