Cradles of Civilization - Assyria l Lessons of Dr. David Neiman
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- čas přidán 25. 09. 2008
- Mari and Nuzi archives are found. Shanshi-Adad I of Assyria establishes an empire over neighboring states along with his sons.
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Dr. David Neiman (1921-2004) was an internationally renowned scholar, speaker, and writer who inspired many people. His life's work concerned the intricate relations between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism throughout history and in modern times. Dr. Neiman made history come alive through his dramatic presentations and unique interpretations. In light of our current world situation, Dr. Neiman's work is not only extremely relevant but also remarkably prescient. More than anything, Dr. Neiman was a keen observer of the human condition. His words convey our shared history with clarity, humor, and humanity.
Dr. Neiman was the first Jewish scholar appointed to teach Religion at Boston College, one of America's leading Catholic Universities. He served as Professor in the Department of Theology for a quarter of a century. While there he was also invited to teach at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. After retiring from Boston College, Dr.Neiman moved to Los Angeles, where he taught at Loyola Marymount University, St. John' s Seminary in Camarillo and the University of Judaism in Bel Air.
I highly recommend watching the other 53 lectures from Dr. Neiman. A master in action.
The Khabur River valley became the heart of the Hurrian lands for a millennium. The first known Hurrian kingdom emerged around the city of Urkesh (modern Tell Mozan) during the third millennium BCE. There is evidence that they were allied with the Akkadian Empire indicating they had a firm hold on the area by the reign of Naram-Sin of Akkad (ca. 2254-2218 BCE). (see Tell Halaf and Tell Brak). The city-state of Urkesh had some powerful neighbors. At some point in the early second millennium BCE
Great lecture! Very interesting and informative!
The most famous of the Phrygian kings is a man called Midas by the Greeks and Mita by the Assyrians. He ruled in the last decades of the eighth century B.C. One of the large royal buildings uncovered at Kordion was probably his palace. but the name also appears in two rock inscriptions, one east, one west of Kurdion, and "Mita of Mushki" is mentioned in Assyrian texts dating to 717, 709, and the 670s B.C. Greek historical,legendary, & mythical stories about Midas-preserved in both texts and art
the empire stretched from Kirkuk (ancient Arrapkha) and the Zagros mountains in western Iran in the east, through Assyria to the Mediterranean sea in the west. Its center was in the region of the Khabur River,where its capital, Wassukkani was probably located.Under King Saustatar (contemporary with Thutmose III), the Mitanni empire included such cities as Alalakh in northern Syria,& Nuzi, Kurrukhanni,& Arrapha in Mesopotamia. The northern boundary dividing the Mitanni from other Hurrian states
The most famous of the Phrygian kings is a man called Midas by the Greeks and Mita by the Assyrians. He ruled in the last decades of the eighth century B.C. Today Midas is known primarily from Greek historical records, but the name also appears in two rock inscriptions, one east, one west of Kurdion, and "Mita of Mushki" is mentioned in Assyrian texts dating to 717, 709, and the 670s B.C. Greek historical, legendary, and mythical stories about Midas-preserved in both texts and art
part 1:The Hurrians spread out and eventually dominated significant territories outside their Zagros-Taurus mountainous base. However, like the Kurds, they did not expand very far from the mountains. As they settled, the Hurrians divided into a number of clans and subgroups, founding city-states, kingdoms and empires with eponymous clan names. These included the Gutis, Kurti, Khaldi, Nairi, Mushku, Mannaeans (Mannai), Mitanni, Urartu, Lullubi and the Kassites among others.
Now historically, Kirkuk has been a Kurdish city. It is a part of Zagros highlands which is the original dwelling of the ancient Kurds . In an article published in Kurdistan Times in its issue of winter 1990, Mr. Mustafa Qaradaghi states that Gutium or Guti, the ancient Kurds who spoke a branch of Hurrian language, which was also spoken by their kin of Lulu, Kassite, and Mittani. Their capital city was in and around the town of Kirkuk, named Arrapha
Kurdian knot at one time the Phrygians were without a king. An oracle at Telmissus (Makri) (the ancient capital of Phrygia) decreed that the next man to enter the city driving an ox-cart should become their king. A peasant farmer named Kurdias drove into town on an ox-cart. His position had also been predicted earlier by an eagle landing on his cart, a sign to him from the gods,& on entering the city Kurdias was declared king by the priests.Out of gratitude, his son Midas dedicated the ox-cart
The Mitanni were an Indo-European (Hurrian) people whose kingdom in northern Mesopotamia flourished from about 1600 (Second Intermediate Period) until it was conquered by the Hittite King Suppiluliumas during the reign of Akhenaten.At its peak, the empire stretched from Kirkuk (ancient Arrapkha) and the Zagros mountains in western Iran in the east, through Assyria to the Mediterranean sea in the west. Its center was in the region of the Khabur River,where its capital, Wassukkani on khabur river
Kurdia founded the city of Kurdium, which became the Phrygian capital. His ox-cart was preserved in the acropolis. In this manner the founding myth justified the succession of Kordium to Telmissus as cult center of Phrygia. Its yoke was secured with an intricate knot called the Kurdian Knot. The legend of Kordium, said that he who could unravel it would be master of 'Asia' which was equated at the time with Anatolia. Instead, Alexander sliced the knot in half with his sword, in 333 BCE.
NUZI, ancient city in N.E. Iraq at the present site of Yorghan Tepe, about 16 km. S.W. of Arrapha, modern Kirkuk, near the foothills of southern Kurdistan. Excavations were begun at Nuzi in 1925 by E. Chiera & were continued through 1931 under the joint auspices of the American School of Oriental Research, Harvard University, and the University Museum of Pennsylvania. the place was called Gasur (Foster 1987). The city reached the height of its importance during the 15th-14th centuries B.C.
Aside from architecture and artifact remains in the Kurdian destruction level,important material was recovered from tumulus burials at Kurdion, Ankara,&Elmali. Among the most important are those from Kurdion, especially the largest & richest Phrygian burial It was probably built by Midas for his predecessor and contains a large quantity of Phrygian objects along with imported goods probably from northern Syria.Among the former are masses of bronze & brass vessels &fibulae
In the first millennium BC, the term "Gutium" was used to refer to the region between the Zagros and the Tigris, also known as western Media. All tribes to the east and northeast who often had hostile relations with the peoples of lowland Mesopotamia, were referred to as Gutian[9] or Guti. Assyrian royal annals use the term Gutians to refer to Iranian populations otherwise known as Medes or Mannaeans; the famous general Gubaru (Gobryas) was described as the "governor of Gutium
"For about two centuries (circa 2,200 to 2,000 BC) the Gutis gained the upper military hand over the Mesopotamian (primarily, Sumerian) states. In an impressive show of force, they succeeded to annex Sumeria to their domain.Apparently they also founded a separate Guti dynasty that ruled from Sumeria for over a century,until they were evicted.In fact, the Biblical- & modern Mt. Judi (between Zakho & Sirnak & the Kurdish clan of Judikanlu preserve variant forms of the old name, Guti. (Izady 1995)
The land of Subartu or Subar is mentioned in Bronze Age literature. The name also appears as Subari in the Amarna letters,&in the form Šbr,in Ugarit.Subartu was apparently a polity in N- Mesopotamia, at the upper Tigris, in the general sphere of influence of the Hurrians.Its precise location has not been identified.According to some scholars like Harvard Professor Mehrdad Izady, identifies Subartus with the current Kurdish tribe of Zibaris inhabiting the northern ring around Mosul up to Hakkari
Interest in Nuzi arose because of apparent parallels between situations discussed in the approximately 7,000 cuneiform tablets from the site with biblical materials especially from Genesis about the Patriarchal Age (Speiser 1962). The tablets reveal activities of perhaps six generations of citizens over fewer than 100 years from 1440 to 1340. The king of nearby Arrapha had a palace in the town, and he was a vassal of Mitanni. But the contacts with the outside world were minimal,& the main story
The name of Ariana is further extended to a part of Persia and of Media, as also to the Bactrians and Sogdians on the north; for these speak approximately the same language, with but slight variations. Ariana is a feminine name (also spelled Arianna). ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) Bactria (Bactriana) was the ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush (Caucasus Indicus) and the Amu Darya (Oxus), with the capital Bactra (now Balkh).
at one time the Phrygians were without a king. An oracle at Telmissus (Makri) (the ancient capital of Phrygia) decreed that the next man to enter the city driving an ox-cart should become their king. A peasant farmer named Kurdias drove into town on an ox-cart. His position had also been predicted earlier by an eagle landing on his cart, a sign to him from the gods, and on entering the city Kurdias was declared king by the priests. Out of gratitude, his son Midas dedicated the ox-cart[
NUZI, ancient city in N.E. Iraq at the present site of Yorghan Tepe, about 10 miles (16 km.) S.W. of Arrapha, modern Kirkuk, near the foothills of southern Kurdistan. Excavations were begun at Nuzi in 1925 by E. Chiera and were continued through 1931under the joint auspices of the American School of Oriental Research, Harvard University, & the University Museum of Pennsylvania.The earliest occupation of the site can be traced to prehistoric times.During the middle of the third millennium B.C.
Furthermore, the denomination Gutian included the Iranic Medes as well: "To their very end in the 6th century BC, on the other hand, the Babylonians loosely (and apparently pejoratively) called {al-}most every body who lived in the Zagros-Taurus system a "Guti", including the Medes!"(Izady 1993)
It is thus clear:an overwhelming majority of scholars from different fields of history, anthropology, ethnography & linguistics identify the modern Kurds as descendants of the ancient Gutians of Sumer.
Between the 12th & 9th centuries Phrygia formed the western part of a loose confederation of peoples (identified as“Mushki”in Assyrian records) that dominated the entire Anatolian peninsula.This early civilization borrowed heavily from the Hittites,whom they had replaced,& established a system of roads later utilized by the Persians.About 730 the Assyrians detached the eastern part of the confederation,& the locus of power shifted to Phrygia proper under the rule of the legendary king Mida
Another Hurrian kingdom also benefited from the demise of Babylonian power in sixteenth century BCE. Hurrians had inhabited the region northeast of river Tigris, around the modern Kirkuk. This was the kingdom of Arrapha. Excavations at Yorgan Tepe, ancient Nuzi, proved to be one of the most important sites for our knowledge about the Hurrians. Hurrian kings such as Ithi-Teshup and Ithiya ruled over Arrapha, yet by the mid-fifteenth century BCE they had become vassals of the Great King of Mitanni
The sixteenth year [610-609]:In the month Ajaru the king of babyloln mustered his army and marched to Assyria. From the month Simanu until the month Arahsamna he marched about victoriously in Assyria.In the month Arahsamna the Medes,who had come to the help of the king of Akkad,put their armies together and marched to Harran against Aššur-uballit, who had ascended the throne in Assyria. Fear of the enemy overcame Aššur-uballit &the army of Egypt that had come to help him&they abandoned the city,
Hurrian names occur sporadically in northern Mesopotamia & the area of Kirkuk in modern Iraq by the Middle Bronze Age.Their presence was attested at Nuzi,Urkesh & other sites.They eventually infiltrated & occupied a broad arc of fertile farmland stretching from the Khabur River valley to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains.J. Gelb &E. A.Speiser believed Subarians had been the linguistic & ethnic substratum of northern Mesopotamia since earliest times, while Hurrians were merely late arrivals.
NUZI, ancient city in N.E. Iraq at the present site of Yorghan Tepe, about 10 miles (16 km.) S.W. of Arrapha, modern Kirkuk,near the foothills of southern Kurdistan.Excavations were begun at Nuzi in 1925 by,Harvard University,& the University Museum of Pennsylvania. The earliest occupation of the site can be traced to prehistoric times. During the middle of the 3rd millennium B.C the place was called Gasur (Foster 1987 The city reached the height of its importance during the 15th-14th centuries
appears in2rock inscriptions,1east,1 west of Kordia &"Mita of Mushki“is mentioned in Assyrian texts dating to 717,709& the 670s BC.Greek historical, legendary, and mythical stories about Midia preserved in both texts &art relate that he had the ears of an ass and,as a gift from the gods,everything he touched turned to gold.One legend claims that a man named Midas or his father Kordia began the royal Phrygian dynasty,thus fulfilling an oracle;both names continued to alternate as royal names
Zagros highlands which is the original dwelling of the ancient Kurds who were the native inhabitants of the area long before the migration of the other races and tribes. In an article published in Kurdistan Times in its issue of winter 1990, Mr. Mustafa Qaradaghi states that Gutium or Guti, the ancient Kurds who spoke a branch of Hurrian language, which was also spoken by their kin of Subartu, Lulu, Kassite, and Mittani. Their capital city was in and around the town of Kirkuk, named Arrapha.
Sumerians and Akkadians called the Hurrians, Urartuans- Subartu and residents-Subaru. In the 1st millennium BC Hurrian kingdom disappeared in connection with the Akkadian expansion. Modern Armenians, is a direct continuation of the Hurrians and Urartu!
Abundant evidence supporting the connection between Kurds and Gutians is further provided by toponyms in Kurdistan. In fact, the place-name Mt. Judi and the Kurdish clan of Judikanlu are fossil remnants of the awesome name left behind by the 'Guti', as a researcher notes, "For about two centuries (circa 2,200 to 2,000 BC) the Gutis gained the upper military hand over the Mesopotamian (primarily, Sumerian) states. In an impressive show of force, they succeeded to annex Sumeria to their domain.
The very first mention of the Kurds in history was about 3000 BC,under the name Gutium, as they fought the Summerians(Spieser)Later around 800 BC,the Indo-European Median tribes settled in the Zagros mountain region & coalesced with the Gutiums, &thus the modern Kurds speak from as Aryan language The Kurds are mentioned by Xenaphon, a Greek mercenary, as he retreated from Persia with ten thousand men in 401 BC, he says of the Kurds, "These people, lived in the mountains and were very war-like
Kurdian, located in northern west central Anatolia,has been occupied from the Bronze Age to modern times. King Media & the Phrygians are undoubtedly the most famous inhabitants during the past 4000 years but the legends surrounding the site are linked with other well known figures such as Alexander the Great who cut the Kurdia Knot. Each year, an international team of archaeologists,conservators,& scientists travels to the site to continue research and preserve the material culture found there
So the lecture didn't end at video 1.9 I see as I was left hanging!?! I guess those aren't available? Good stuff!
The legends told about this Midia & his father Kurdia, credited with founding the Phrygian capital city Kurdium and tying the Kurdian Knot, indicate that they were believed to have lived sometime in the 2nd millennium BC well before the Trojan War. However, Homer does not mention Midia or Kurdia, while instead mentioning two other famed Phrygian kings, Mygdon and Otreus
The Kurds are mentioned by Xenaphon, a Greek mercenary, as he retreated from Persia with ten thousand men in 401 BC, he says of the Kurds, "These people, lived in the mountains and were very war-like and not subject to the Persian king. Indeed once a royal army of 120,000 thousand had once invaded their country,& not a man of them came back..(Morris)." (Jensen 1996) Ancient Gutium was located within the modern Kurdistan, as Easton notes:the mountain district lying to the north-east of Babylonia
The Gutian invasion sparked a surge in the Sumerian civilization - it was after the Indo-European invasion that Sumerian civilization was to reach some of its greatest heights. These included:
the very first written law code in the world, which is still existent and dates from 2095 BC;
the construction of the great Sumerian pyramids, called Ziggurats (the most famous of which is the Ziggurat at the Sumerian city of Ur,
historically, Kirkuk has been a Kurdish city. It is a part of Zagros highlands which is the original dwelling of the ancient Kurds who were the native inhabitants of the area long before the migration of the other races and tribes. IMr. Mustafa Qaradaghi states that Gutium or Guti, the ancient Kurds who spoke a branch of Hurrian language, which was also spoken by their kin of Lulu, Kassite, and Mittani. Their capital city was in and around the town of Kirkuk,
proud to be iraqi for that history and not the bs that happened in the past decade!
Midas who turned whatever he touched to gold, and Mygdon who warred with the Amazons. According to Homer's Iliad, . Phrygian power reached its zenith in the late 8th century BC under another, historical King Midas, who dominated most of western and central Anatolia and rivaled Assyria and Urartu for power in eastern Anatolia. This later Midas was however also the last independent king of Phrygia before its capital Kurdium was sacked by Cimmerians around 695 BC.
The Gutians overthrew the Akkadian dynasty, liberating the Sumerians from the Semitic yoke. The attempt by the fanatical Akkadian rulers to suppress the Sumerian language were rolled back, and a Sumerian renaissance occurred under benevolent Gutian rule. Describing the Sumerian revival under the Gutians,Badawy notes,"The Akkadian dynasty 2350-2150 BCmarked a decisive phase in the Semitization of Mesopotamia,a process which went on in spite of the renascence of Sumerian under the Gutians (2000 BC
The historical Guti have been regarded by some as among the ancestors of the Kurds, including by some modern assyriologists.[21] However, the term Guti had by late antiquity become a "catch all" term to describe all tribal peoples in the Zagros region, and according to J.P. Mallory, In the late 19th-century, Assyriologist Julius Oppert sought to connect the Gutians of remote antiquity with the later Gutones (Goths), whom Ptolemy in 150 AD had known as the Guti,
indicate the existence of a people named Kardaka, Kurtie or Guti in the neighbourhood of Lake Van. These are claimed by some authorities to be the ancestors of the modern Kurds, but it is not until Grecian times that certain identification is possible.Herodotus mentions the inhabitants of what is now Bohtan& Xenophon refers to the Garduchi, possibly an earlier form of the modern name.Strabo speaks of the country of Courdueni where Bait Kardu is located by Aramaic sources. The modern form 'Kurdu
The Russian historian and linguist Vladimir Minorsky suggested that the Medes, who widely inhabited the land where currently the Kurds form the majority, are likely to be the forefathers of the modern Kurds, also on the basis of historical and lingustic evidence that he gathered.[66][page needed].[67]
M. Chahin and Wadie Jwaideh wrote that "The Medes were the ancestors of Xenophon's Carduchi and the modern Kurds.
The Biblical Madai, son of Japheth, might have originally been a reference to Midas and the Phrygians In the Book of Jubilees,when the world was divided among Noah's sons and grandsons, Madai initially received the region east tale might have been intended only to explain why Madai was the only son of Japheth whose descendants,the Medes,d or the South Caucasus.Or, the tale of Madai's original inheritance in Phrygia might preserve an older tradition of identifying Madai with Midas &the Phrygians
The cuneiform group hu-u-ur researchers of the ancient inscriptions (H. Winkler, E. Meyer, E. Waydner, Forer, Waysbakh) read har, others - hur (B. Hrozni, A. Ungnad). Researcher connects the form har with the name Arians, and language of Hurries consider as an the old Arian language. Later in the text found in the capital of the Hittites Hattusas the form hurlili was read as hurri. Thus was rejected the viewpoint which accepted the form harri and considered Hurrians as Arians
. In the forms of 'khuradi' and 'quradu' it is given as the equivalent of 'gut' in an inscription published by Rawlinson. 'Gut' or 'Guti,' we are told, means a 'bull' in the primitive language of Chaldea, and the name Gutium, used by this early people,was borrowed from a Semitic language (probably Babylonian) which possessed the case-ending in 'um.'Honigman likewise derives the name 'Kurd' from the word 'Guti':The Kurds are a native,people who have lived in the Middle East for thousands of years
the Phrygians were close allies of the Trojans and participants in the Trojan War against the Greeks. Phrygian power reached its zenith in the late 8th century BC under another, historical King Midas, who dominated most of western and central Anatolia and rivaled Assyria and Urartu for power in eastern Anatolia. This later Midas was however also the last independent king of Phrygia before its capital Kurdium was sacked by Cimmerians around 695 BC
Kurdias (Kurdius was the name of at least two members of the royal house of Phrygia.The best-known Kurdias was reputedly the founder of the Phrygian capital cityKurdium,the maker of the legendary Kurdian Knot ( Griy Kurdi ) , & the father of the legendary King Midas who turned whatever he touched to gold. The various legends about this Kurdias& Midia imply that they lived sometime in the 2nd millennium BC.kurdia & his son media both names continued to alternate as royal names
Media kingdom was inhabited by various ethnic groups basically Indo-Iranian and Indo-Aryan tribes, as well and not Aryan, such as tribes gutii, lulubei Kasit. Soon, these tribes were assimilated by Medes. In the 8th century BC, Midia was conquered by the Assyrians, but in 673 BC, the Medes gained independence.
The fall of Nineveh shocked the ancient world. The Jewish prophet Nahum described the Median armies advancing to the city that had once ruled the Near East.
An attacker advances against you, Nineveh. [...]
The shields of his soldiers are red;
the warriors are clad in scarlet.
The metal on the chariots flashes
on the day they are made ready;
the spears of pine are brandished.
The chariots storm through the streets,
rushing back and forth through the squares.
Nevermind, I found the 2nd half. I went into panic mode before looking!
part2:Although Kurds have inhabited their highlands for several millennia BC, their prehistory is not very well knownThe earliest known evidence of a unified & distinct culture in the Kurdish mountains dates back to the Halaf culture of 8000-7400 years ago. This was followed by the Hurrian period (in Mesopotamia a&Zagros-Taurus mountains) which lasted from 6,300 to about 2600 years ago.The Hurrians spoke a language which was possibly part of the Northeast Caucasian or the proposed Alarodian
the name also appears in2 rock inscriptions,1 east,1west of Kurdion,&"Mita of Mushki"is mentioned in Assyrian texts dating to717,709,& the 670 B.C.Greek historical,legendary& mythical stories about Midiapreserved in both texts&art relate that he had the ears of an ass &as a gift from the gods, everything he touched turned to gold.One legend claims that a man named Media or his father Kurdia began the royal Phrygian dynasty,thus fulfilling an oracle;both names continued to alternate as royal name
Historians agreed with the opinion that indigenous Medeans, spoke on ekbatanian dialect.
Hurrian kingdom emerged in the 2nd half of the 3rd millennium BC. 16-13 centuries BC, Hurrians created Mitanni kingdom in northern Mesopotamia. Beginning in the late second millennium BC, Hurrians participated in the process of addition the Armenian nation! Hurrians, along with Urartu belonged to the Armenoid group.
The Kurds are a native,people who have lived in the Middle East for thousands of years. Their name derives from the ancient Guti (Guti-Gurti-Kurdi)conquerors of Babylon.They were the non-Semitic Hurrians of Mesopotamia and the Medes of Persian history.Their home covers mountainous regions now part of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, & other countries as well. But the heartland of ancient Gutium, the domain of later autonomous Kurdish mirs, had been in what is now-- thanks to the British (Honigman 2003
In the 1 millennium BC, the term "gutti" lost value of a particular ethnic group, and began to concern to the various peoples living to the north and east of Babylonia.
where is the rest of this lecture?
"The Kurds are a native,people who have lived in the Middle East for thousands of years. Their name derives from the ancient Guti (Guti-Gurti-Kurdi), conquerors of Babylon. They were the Hurrians of Mesopotamia and the Medes of Persian history. Their home covers mountainous regions now part of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, and other countries as well. But the heartland of ancient Gutium, the domain of later autonomous Kurdish mirs, had been in what is now
The kingdom of Mushku is now believed to have brought about the final downfall of the Hittites in Anatolia. Their name survives in the city of Mush/Mus in north-central Kurdistan of Turkey. The Subaru who operated from the areas north of modern Arbil in central Kurdistan have left their name in the populous and historic Kurdish tribal confederacy of Zubari, who still inhabit the areas north of Arbil." (Izady 1993)
The Russian historian &linguist Vladimir Minorsky suggested that the Medes,who widely inhabited the land where currently the Kurds form the majority,are likely to be the forefathers of the modern Kurds,also on the basis of historical&lingustic evidence that he gathered.page neededM.Chahin&Wadie Jwaideh wrote that"The Medes were the ancestors of Xenophon's Carduchi&the modern Kurds.Contemporary linguistic evidence has challenged the previously held view that the Kurds are descendants of the Medes
The Russian historian and linguist Vladimir Minorsky suggested that the Medes, who widely inhabited the land where currently the Kurds form the majority, are likely to be the forefathers of the modern Kurds, lingustic evidence that he gathered.[66][page needed]M. Chahin and Wadie Jwaideh wrote that "The Medes were the ancestors of Xenophon's Carduchi and the modern Kurds.Contemporary linguistic evidence has challenged the previously held view that the Kurds are descendants of the Medes
kheli lebokh doos it .... 100% right
Nahum's name means "comfort" or "consolation." But when you read his prophecy you do not feel very comforted because it is a prophecy of the Lord's vengeance. But these words of promised destruction and devastation are words of comfort to the Lord's people, for they are directed against one of the most bloodthirsty and cruel civilizations ever known; the Assyrian empire and its capital city of Nineveh. When such an oppressive enemy is dealt with, then those who have suffered do find relief and
The fall of Nineveh shocked the ancient world. The Jewish prophet Nahum described the Median armies advancing to the city that had once ruled the Near East.
An attacker advances against you, Nineveh.[...]
The shields of his soldiers are red;
the warriors are clad in scarlet.
The metal on the chariots flashes
on the day they are made ready;
the spears of pine are brandished
The chariots storm through the streets
rushing back and forth through the squares
They look like flaming torches
Not only was Gutium located within the modern Kurdistan. The very name 'Kurd' itself has been viewed by scholars as being merely a corruption of the ancient Iranic word 'Guti'. Thus, Prof. Howorth concurs with the derivation of Kurdistan from Gutium, and identifies the ancient Babylonian term for Kurds, 'Khuradi' or 'Quradu,' with 'Guti': ", to the modern Kurdistan. According to Sayce the name Kurd is derived from the Babylonian quradu, 'a warrior,' a word which was borrowed by the people of Van
@KurdishMelodies1 He is merely saying the location of where it is. There is no call for xenophobia.
the Phrygians were close allies of the Trojans and participants in the Trojan War against the Greeks.Phrygian power reached its zenith in the late 8th century BCunder another, historical King Midas,who dominated most of western and central Anatolia &rivaled Assyria &Urartu for power in eastern Anatolia.This later Midas was however also the last independent king of Phrygia before its capital Kurdium was sacked by Cimmerians around 695 BC there wasn't greek yet in that time n they was city state
but the name also appears in2 rock inscriptions,1east,1west of Kurdion,&"Mita of Mushki" is mentioned in Assyrian texts dating to 717- 670 B.C.Greek historical,legendary,& mythical stories about Medespreserved in both texts&art relate that he had the ears of an ass &,as a gift from the gods,everything he touched turned to gold.One legend claims that a man named Media or his father Kurdia began the royal Phrygian dynasty,thus fulfilling an oracle;both names continued to alternate as royal name
KHAETOON ATHURAIE GYAUBARE!!!!!!!!
@xSouthxKURDISTAN Exactly, these Hurrians or Khorites weren't native to Mesopotamia they captured it.
No one denies that some nomadic tribes lived in Mesopotamia, but they do not have great history, as history of Sumerians and Assyrians. These tribes have a lot of legends and fairy tales, but no more than that.
Question, was common language of Medes, remains open. Modern languages such as Kurdish, Talysh, Zazaki, tati .... show a large degree of discrepancy with the indigenous language of the Medes. Languages that can be considered descendants of the Median language(Talysh and Kurdish), is not show enough the degree of relationship with the indigenous language of the Medes.
a region inhabited by the Iranic-speaking Kurds today. In this regard, the great savant Archibald H. Sayce holds that the name of Kurdistan represents a mere derivation of 'Gutium': "Who "Tidal king of Goyyim" may have been we cannot tell. Sir Henry Rawlinson has proposed to see in Goyyim a transformation of Gutium, the name by which Kurdistan was called in early Babylonia." (Sayce 1895, Ch.3) The astute Jensen goes one step further, and identifies the Gutians as ancestors of the modern Kurds:
Kurds have never ruled by any country in the world. They were content only to those that lived in these ancient countries because the Kurds were scattered throughout the Middle East and Asia Minor, and so on!
Nuzi, an ancient city in northern Mesopotamia, which was inhabited by Hurrians. Nuzi was part of the kingdom of Mitanni! Hurrians along with other nations participated in the process of adding the Armenian nation! Kurds do not have anything to do with Hurrites!
Kurds don`t have anything to do with the ancient history of Assyria!
Midas, the mythical king of Phrygia, and the adopted son of Gordius. Orpheus, one of the gods of the ancient Greeks, bequeathed Midas, the sacrament of his orgies. God Apollo (god of the ancient Greeks), gave Midas donkey ears, because was angry at him. Anchor who found Midas is in the main temple of the ancient Greek god Zeus! Kurds have nothing to do with this story!
Gorgius was a tiller. Royal power, him predicted the birds, and then he went to the temple of Zeus, the chief the ancient Greeks god, and became king of Phrygia! This is the ancient history of the ancient Greeks who moved from the southern Balkans to Asia Minor! Kurds do not have anything to do with this story!
kurdia first to established medes empire , kurd and medes was prophets in Vaega in Avesta (Phrygians),he was crowned and he stablish city kurdia in 80 km northern west of Ankara,those fascist of turkey regime and persian regime hide our history in different way , kurd was was king and he stablished kurdium city and medes was his son,he crowned after his father,so kurd and media (both names continued to alternate as royal names.) they was first dynasty of medes king
Altered sculptures, noses and lips were original of Kush African culture ....those evil things from the ottoman empire reconstructed the noses and lips. The founder of these sumerian shinar ninevah chaldean assyrian akkadian Lebanese cultures were Kushites of Kush aka the Ethiopians when they were blacker than tires.
This Area was and will ever be Kurdistan!
It had only different names through the great History of Mesopotamia !
Gutian,Mitanni,Median and today Kurdistan ;) We will allways stay there were our roots are !
Median indigenous language is extinct! Historians believe that the Median language more akin to Avestan than on Old Persian language. Avestan language became extinct around the 7th century BC and he does not have descendants! In the 5th century BC, was invented Avestan alphabet, derived from the Aramaic cursive.
ASSYRIANS & CHALDEANS ARE BROTHERS !!!!!!
The ancient Indian language is the basis of all the Indo-Aryan dialects! The Kurdish language is based on Mitanni-Aryan dialect, which is an ancient Indian language. With Dardish dialect, Kurds have nothing in common. Kurdish dialect is Vedic and Sanskrit, which belong to the ancient Indian language! Gypsies also speak Indo-Aryan, it is a dialect-Domary and Pariya!
Word Kurd means nomad. Kurds is a nomadic gypsy tribes who came from India, and who speak a dialect of the Mitanni-Aryan (Vedic and Sanskrit, the ancient languages of ancient India), as well as all the Gypsies in the world. These Kurds had dark skin or black, as well as all the Gypsies in the southern part of India. So the real Kurds are BLACK!
its enough they destroyed ASSyrian (The fall of Nineveh shocked the ancient world. The Jewish prophet Nahum described the Median armies advancing to the city that had once ruled the Near East.
An attacker advances against you, Nineveh. [..]
The shields of his soldiers are red
the warriors are clad in scarlet
The metal on the chariots flashes
on the day they are made ready
the spears of pine are brandished
The chariots storm through the streets
rushing back and forth through the squares
Gutti (Kuti) was Caucasian barbarian tribes who lived by robbery and theft, and had a nomadic life. Gutti dominated over Mesopotamia not last long, only 91 years. Gutti power was overthrown, by the king of Uruk Utuhengalem in 2109 BC. The reign of Sumer and Akkad was reconditioned. The Kurds have no relation to the tribes of Guti because Guti, belongs to the Caucasian ethnic group, but the Kurds is a Middle Eastern groups such as Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, and so on!
@xSouthxKURDISTAN Lets get this straight fool, Mittanis were also known as Hurrians or Khorites. These people are related to the Ancient Armenians otherwise known as Urartians, and these people came from the CAUCASUS - your people might have a little genetic relation to them but we're talking 20% max. They are ARYANS, the ARYAN HOMELAND comes from the CAUCASUS - IRANIAN REGIONS.
ASSYRIA IS NOT KURDISTAN
Pootis Pow Obviously, Assyrian peoples are totally different from Kurdish peoples. But he was just talking about the geographic location of Assyria, not the people.
Well I am Assyrian ok and we have a country but people say no Iraq is not iraq is Assyria
you can stay out kurdistan and barking as you like 60 million kurd in middle east & first natation compare him with other nation so baek ,l know where pain you & other (Although Kurds have inhabited their highlands for several millennia BC,their prehistory is not very well knownThe earliest known evidence of a unified &distinct culture in the Kurdish mountains dates back to the Halaf culture of 8000-7400 years ago.This was followed by the Hurrian period in Mesopotamia & Zagros-Taurus mountains
In the Russian language is the name Гордей, which comes from the Greek-Gordius. In Russia, all people knows about it! The Kurds have no relation to the name of Gordius! Name Gordius, has nothing to do with the word Kurdius. Until now, between Greeks and Turks are disputes about territories in Asia Minor, which prehistorically, belonged to the Greeks!
Yeah with a load of crap to his liking!!
The name "Phrygia" comes from the name of the Phrygians, people who moved there from the territory of the southern Balkans about 1200 BC. The territory of the southern Balkans, was inhabited mainly by Greeks, Macedonians, Bulgarians and so on. The Greeks occupied about 80% of territory of southern Balkan! The Kurds have no relationship to the tribes of the ancient phrygians!
Kurds are not direct descendants of the Hurrians and Urartians! Hurrians-Urartian languages, not only does not belong to the Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Mittano-Aryan languages, but does not even belong to the so called Nostratic macrofamilies. In Kurdish language is just only a small echo of Hurrian substrate, but no more than that!
Modern Assyrians are descendents of the semitic Assyrians. Kurds are aryan how can you be descendents of Assyria when your from Persia where you have a province called kurdistan its located in Iran not in Iraq or turkey. Asuroyo-Suroyo/Suraya
Suraya and Suroyo thats what we called ourselves they are synonyms of Asuroyo which means Assyrian therefor we are the modern Assyrians and we speak a neo-aramaic language both Sureyth and Suryoyo are Aramaic dialects but the people are Assyrians semites
Why would then he use the term "Kurdistan" which is a modern term describe the areas that Kurds live on Assyrian Northern homeland, Not even hole Assyria Like Nineveh and other Assyrian cities. Kurds are colonizers and invaders to Assyria. Assyrians are Christians and did not had to much luck after the falling of their empire and the coming of the new barbarian political ideology so called "Islam" Assyrians had to to bad. Now we are living with the ultimate consequences of what happened.
Mitanni state ruled Caucasian tribes! Hurrians, Urartians (Armenians), belong to the Caucasian ethnic group, but not Kurds! Kurdish nomadic tribes, barbarian tribes, belong to the Middle East group, as well as the Assyrians, Sumerians, Arameans, Chaldeans, and so on. It is possible that Kurdish, barbarian tribes lived on the territory of Mitanni, but no more than that!
who that foolish said that armenian was in nuzi ,there are fifferent between aian & Urartuian ,the armenian lose him launguage after they converted to christian cause they inflounce in aranic launguage indeed the armenian launguage lose him european launguage since 4th century AD m then the armenian region was north ARARAT &east of it not in nuzi or ararphe in north mesopotamia,lesaarn the armenian belong to Urartu not vis , urartu was offshot of hurrian that right not Urartu belong to armenian
@xSouthxKURDISTAN Mesopotamia = Beth Nahrain = The land between the two rivers. There is no such thing as KURDISTAN, this whole piece of land belongs to Assyrians.