How Mussolini Founded The Italian Fascist Party I THE GREAT WAR 1921
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Benito Mussolini's national fascist movement was a fringe phenomenon right after the First World War and couldn't gain much traction in the 1919 elections. But soon after Mussolini was increasing his political standing and the National Fascist Party gained more members than ever before.
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» SOURCES
Alcalde, Ángel, War Veterans and Fascism in Interwar Europe, (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Bosworth, R. J. B. Mussolini, (London : Bloomsbury Academic, 2010)
De Grand, Alexander, Italian Fascism: Its Origins & Development, (Lincoln, NB : University of Nebraska Press, 1989)
Duggan, Christopher, Force of Destiny : A History of Italy since 1796, (London : Penguin Books, 2008)
Martins, Carlos Manuel, From Hitler to Codreanu: The Ideology of Fascist Leaders, (London : Routledge, 2020)
Neville, Peter, Mussolini, (London : Routledge, 2004)
Weyland, Curt, Assault on Democracy: Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism During the Interwar Years, (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2021)
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Jose Gamez
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2021
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your channel is the best
make more videos and a another thing
how long will you make videos
Nice video, but it is Italo Balbo and not "Idalo"
Very informative video, It would be interesting to have more content about Africa in your channel. I liked your video about the battle of Anoual in the rif against the Spanish army. can you do a video about these battles where Moroccans defeated the French colonial army: Battle of El Herri and Battle of bougafer where few moroccan Amazigh (berber) tribes with their rifles completely defeated the organised French soldiers and turned the tables on them (╯°□°）╯ ︵ ┻━┻
Yea, no thanks. Too many other things to pay for.
Mussolini probably took the word fascism from the old Italian word meaning "political organization", "fascio" (in this way no more used in current Italian). In 1891 some people's uprisings happened in Sicily and they were called "fasci siciliani" ("Sicilian organizations").
Fascio was also the bundle, symbol of the Roman empire (yet used as emblem of republicanism in France and USA ; today the Roman fasces appear in the state seal also of Cuba, Cameroon, Ecuador).
the "fascio littorio" is a symbol of the Consul and the Roman republic, still in use during the empire - even though the idea of empire was quite different back then.
As Guido stated, Fascism stems from the Roman Republic and Empire with "the fasces" being the penultimate sign of authority. A bundle of sticks tied together declaring "the group is stronger than the indiviudal" as a sign of nationalist strength while the axe head portrays the weaponized nature of unity at the vanguard
It is the antithesis of globalism which pushes for all those sticks to be hanging loosely except at the head where the are tied together by an indefinable group or force
@@AntinoriGuido It's still in use today in many crests of institutional power, including two fascio flanking the US Congressional House Speaker's place in Congress.
@@AntinoriGuido thats not why they used it, its for the the reason he said
Another possibility is that a fasci was an old term for an organized union of workers in Sicily and the whole bundle-of-sticks motif was common among other left wing parties, like the Italian Radical Party for instance. It represented the might of the united people against a ruling class. It's still very much rooted in left-wing socialist ideas rather than the Roman Empire per-se, though later most likely as they dissassociated from socialism they likely came to liken it more to the Roman symbolism as opposed to the original socialist intent behind it.
When you want to recreate Rome, but your ally takes Gaul.
The Western-Roman Empire ended up being dominated by its Germanic allies and tributaries in the last centuries before its fall as well.
@@christophe9602 Only because the population was decimated by a plague, very difficult to keep an empire together when you don't have enough people to keep it running.
@@det.bullock4461 The Franks eventually brought order and discipline.
@@charlesrb3898 The Franks instituted a feudal order, which I wouldn't call neither orderly nor most of all disciplined.
@@charlesrb3898 e
This video is an excellent historical lesson. I learned more about the origins of fascism than in all my classes in Italian public school, either in history or law classes, and on top of that, in a very enjoyable and interesting way.
thanks, glad we could help
Italy has a bit of a complicated history with Fascism doesn't it? My understanding was Italy never suffered the same level of deconstruction politically that Germany did in terms of Fascism as an idea being almost annihilated (if only for a short time).
@@misterscienceguy I think we have a less hysterical attitude than Germans on subject(and in Life in general), for sure. We are pretty much aware that there Is no One in the country interested in making military expansions and waging wars, so we are simply chill.
@@misterscienceguy there has never been a nuremberg trials in italy, that lead to fascism still being present in modern italy
THAT'S.. a remarkable testimony 👍
Your videos are so well done. I appreciate your concise and easily understood narrative, plus your photographs and movie footage is second to none.
Hi and thanks for the great job of representing the beginning of Italy's descent into fascism in a clear and straightforward way! Just two corrections in spelling: it is not Idalo Balbo, but Italo Balbo; Ivanoe Bonimo correct last name is Bonomi.
it's interesting to see just how much Mussolini's ideology changed
Next up on How I Got Radicalised
...To suit his whims
It didn't that much. He was still a Socialist but he hated the people who controlled the party
@@Evirthewarrior ok
@@samsonsoturian6013 kinda true
Quality content as always thank you Jesse and all of the team behind the scenes
Great job again, guys. Absolutely solid content.
This is such a great video. You guys deserve so many more views on these videos.
I can confirm that the Silk Road series was simply outstanding. I discovered it when I signed up to Curiosity Stream with your deal and I'm so glad I did.
Why all the badly colourised photos? What's wrong with showing unedited black-and-white photos?
Always look forward to these as they fill in important gaps
I know you guys usually make videos about conflicts or events, exactly 100 years after they happened, but could you maybe do a video on the Austro-Yugoslav border conflict in Carithia and Styria? I know there was only minor fighting compared to some other post war conflicts, but it seems like an interresting and also overlooked subject nevertheless. Also keep up the great work : )
Try asking House of History as he does smaller topics.
@@chrishanzek8930 I don’t even know that channel, but I’ll check it out and ask, thanks
There’s something about that Roman salute that really has me inspired!
It's Italo Balbo not Idalo
This is History for people who don't know where to start like me and my ADD! Thank you so much!! Fascinating and so perfect for my learning style!
Why am I never invited to any fascist parties 😭😭
When you don't get invited to the fascist parties you make your own!
You should join instead communist parties for every worker of the world unite on the dance floor
@@Game_Hero bruh...
You ain't swag enough
Antifa is hiring recruits
Very informative video, It would be interesting to have more content about Africa in your channel. I liked your video about the battle of Anoual in the rif against the Spanish army. can you do a video about these battles where Moroccans defeated the French colonial army: Battle of El Herri and Battle of bougafer where few moroccan Amzigh (berber) tribes with their rifles completely defeated the organised French soldiers.
It's so rare to find history this objective. Not to say this is 100% objective, but definitely as objective as I've ever seen.
theres no such thing as an objective history, as long as its perceived
@@dawggydawgtown What he means is this channel tends to display almost no partisan bias, which is very refreshing in history. Of course history will always be subjective because history is an interpretation of the past events but even so, a non partisan analysis I always preferable
@@cardenasr.2898 again, no history can be inherently non-partisan. this channel is as partisan as everyone else though its bias is skewed to a centrist aligned telling that favors status quo.
@@dawggydawgtown and what's wrong with moderation? Do you prefer a partisan extremist view of history? Since you use "status quo" as a negative term might I ask you if you support revolutionary violent action to modify society to your liking?. Most people are not extremists, so a non-extremist view of history is preferable.
@@cardenasr.2898 i never said anything was "wrong" with it, but that its important to recognize that bias is still there. also "centrism" is its own established politcal ideological school of thought that isn't "moderation", but is widely adopted in post-enlightenment western & anglocolonial societies. a moderate fascist in a majority status quo fascist nation isn't a centrist and same for a moderate socialist in a status quo communist nation and etc etc.
The only CZcams channel that is…a force to be reckoned with.
Thank you so much for changing your messaging around the you tube algorithm. The "censorship" claims almost seemed wrong to me, as while I love your content, I don't agree that not getting ad revenue is the same as being tortured for writing about crimes committed by narcos or rogue regimes. The new wording seems much more accurate and more convincing. I am a patron, keep it up.
age restriction and demonetization have the same core problem: CZcams makes decision that public institutions usually make. that's a worrying trend. but yeah, we won't go to CZcams private jail or anything.
@@TheGreatWar Not YT jail, but double-secret probation is always a possibility.
It's youtubes way of saying "watch out buddy, and watch what you say cuz remember, we'll pull the plug if you say something we don't like".
@@gideonvictor Or the Fascist Right.
@@gideonvictor It's the same right that any private businesses or homes have. They have the right to tell you they aren't going to allow some kinds of speech. The First Amendment only protects people from the government trying to stop speech; private institutions, businesses, and even homes can limit, or silence, speech they don't want in their private spaces.
Yo thanks for the straight forward no nonsense info. No fluff just historical facts, literally. Nice. This is 2 years old, so i hope youre still keeping it real
Props to Curiosity for appreciating your hard work taking on controversial history topics
you content is awesome! not boring at all for history, it always keeps me captivated!
if it wasn't for the fascism, italian futurism was pretty cool
The fascism was cool too bro futurism is based
19 Mei
22:10 Nonton CZcams yg dulu belum selesai 22:15 The Great War How Mussolini Founded The Italian Fascist Party 22:22 23 Ayah datang bilang makan Sushi habisin hari ini paling lambat minumnya mana balas dibawah terus Ayah barok baju yg di sofa ke gantungan 22:27 Ayah datang bawain Sushi dan Kecap Asin bilang minum nya belum ya 22;30 Ayah datang bawain botol minum 22:40 Cuci tangan
5:39 to be fair, being not for and not against anything it's our (italian) official position on literally any issue. Just to be sure.
Socialists say Mussolini wasn't Socialist.
6:25 He also received money from France and Britain...
"A few years ago The Guardian newspaper reported that Peter Martland of Cambridge University discovered that Mussolini was paid 100 pounds a week by Britain in 1917 - equal to about $9,600 today. The late Samuel Hoare, in charge of British agents in Rome at that time, revealed in his memoirs 55 years go that Mussolini was a paid agent. Martland found more details in Hoare's papers, including that Mussolini also sent Italian army veterans to beat up peace protesters in Milan, a dry run for his fascist blackshirt units
The salary detail also was in historian Christopher Andrew's history of the British intelligence agency MI5, to which Martland contributed.
In 1917, the future Italian dictator was editor of the Il Popolo d'Italia newspaper, which campaigned to keep Italy on the Allied side in the war" (source: NBC News website).
@@samsonsoturian6013 Some CZcamsrs dont like this specific episode of Britain's WWI history to be mentioned, hence the need for quoting the source.
@@triumphbobberbiker mussolini was popular with the west up until the alliance with germany was made (the reactions to the war with ethiopia were temporary and only occurred because the brits don’t like others having colonies) this is also conveniently ignored by those who glorify the western powers
@@hallu4696 you are - unfortunately - right. They saw him as a hero in the struggle against Communism
@@hallu4696 so the Wests supported a movement against the main threat towards European peace at the time (socialism), then turned on that movement when it became a threat towards European peace. What of it?
Speaking of fascism, CZcams.
Forced mass migrations, planet earth.
@@samsonsoturian6013 and let’s work
When was the last time your home was raided by YT blackshirts?
@@FlagAnthem wtf 😳 man you need to go on. It was. 80 years ago. Wake up dude
@@ablackpencil8249 dear "awaken", when was the last time your home was raided by YT blackshirts?
Great!Informative and exciting!You are doing an awesome job, thank you!
Didn’t the fascists also initially agitate for the abolition of the monarchy in favor of an Italian republic?
@@dokholidayy1367 national syndicalism is probably a better name for fascism if we’re going by definitions but the word fascism worked well enough back before the uneducated and the political opponents of the ideology had free reign to declare it’s meaning
Only in the first months, before the shift to the right-wing
They were anti-monarchist and anti-imperialister but abandoned it when merging with the conservatives and moving right and turning the movement into different wings. Some more reactionary right while others revolutionary syndicalists, national socialists etc
@@epbrothers887 way longer and they stayed as factions and came into power during italian social republic
I always like when this channel uploads
why is the sound quality so different between Jesse and Indy videos. with Indy videos the sound is so clear but Jesse it sounds like it has play back and muffles to the point I feel like I cant hear what he is saying with out subtitles.
every video i've ever seen on youtube has someone disliking it . but not this one! you are so awesome guys.
CZcams doesn’t show dislikes anymore
I wish they covered other fascists movements like it's home in Spain and perhaps Greek fascism
When HE was there, trains arrived on time
When HE was there we were deported on time
When HE was there we didn't
for if we did we would have been shot
@@helmortkuper2626 they used a lot the exile thing or beatings
@@helmortkuper2626 are you forgetting the tens or hundreds of thousands of Africans who were shot or gassed?
@@nicolasbroaddus8819 hundreds of thousands?
Edit: 100'000 gas related deaths in Ethiopia
@@aleale6277 combined civilian and military deaths, due to both war, resulting chaos and famine, and fascist suppression afterwards is estimated to exceed that yes
@@helmortkuper2626 fun fact: the regime COLLABORATED with the mafia, expelling only those who couldn't bribe into loyalty.
Mussolini's sole aim throughout his life was to attain power and enjoy its trappings and he said and did whatever he thought necessary to achieve that.
I mean, Giolitti was sorta right at 18:18 but not in the way he'd hoped... :(
Someone should have probably mention the smoke comes after a fire.
Italy had a big debt in 1920 After the war .People was angry and hungry .For this reason Mussolini had an highway to reach the power
11:17 Uh oh
This guy switches ideologies more than Italy switches in world wars
...never?
@@FlagAnthem no always
@Keeps Italy surrendered in 1943 and got invaded
@Keeps except no because Italy never switched sides. More than France during medieval wars is more appropriate
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR THIS INSIGHTFUL VIDEO AS SUCH.
Excelent material, 1000 thumbs up if i could!!! Thanks for sharing the Real History.
Flo: Please dispense with the music. It is distracting. Otherwise a fine video.
It’s Italo, not Idalo;
It’s Bonomi, not Bonimo.
‘He was not a true socialist, but a power hungry activist with a penchant for violence.’
So he was a socialist.
"Would socialist by any other name be any less violent?"
👶
Well done, just a small correction Ivanoe Bonomi.
I tip my hat! Well done!
dude why is mussolini called an dictator when he was a prime minister just like churchill
@@samsonsoturian6013 he was still PM. It’s chauvinist to say something isn’t what it claims to be because it doesn’t look like it does in your country.
Because he had full powers and those (in theory) charged to check his action were either condescending (like the king), in exile or dead
@@fifthcolumn388 ...with no check on hist powers, not mentioning sharing the title of "Marshall of the Empire" with the King.
@@FlagAnthem the check on his powers was that the Fascist Council could remove him from his position as head of the party and the king could remove him as prime minister.
@@fifthcolumn388 Which didn't happen until his position was weakened dramatically. Even in absolute monarchies sometimes nobles go and depose the king when he screws up badly enough, but that doesn't make them less absolute.
Opportunistic and ambitious?
Sounds like the typical Italian politican
About 100 years ago. Excellent stuff Jesse Absolutely CAPITAL!
1:41
Victor emmanuel III: "Hey!!!"
Funny, just a day before my history exam, this gets released.
Quality historical information and content on the rise of Facism under the guidance of Mussolini!
Nice to know more about how Mussolini came to power.
“Socialism opposed to fascism is only one among the many forms of degeneration of democracy that characterize modern political society. It represents just one of the ways fascism has been opposed. Nor can it be said that socialism, in its entirety, has been the target of the violence of fascism. It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism, in fact between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, to distinguish among them those that are contrary to fascism. It is well known that Sorelian syndicalism, from which the political thought and method of fascism arose, thought of itself as the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as something essential, is undoubtedly of Marxist origin." giovanni gentile Origins and Doctrine of Fascism - Giovanni Gentile.pdf 69/116 giovanni gentile
the audio is really low on this video.
This video should be shown in classrooms all around the world
Audio on this video is lower than usual.
Mussolini was not a obselete classical socialists but a new variant of socialists adapted to modern italy.
What's truly the difference between any supposed form of socialism?
@@megancrager4397 the communist variant of socialism views the state as a necessary evil to achieve the communist utopia whereupon achieving said utopia the state will some how destroy itself.
While the fascist variant of socialism views the state as the Ultimate goal itself fascists almost view the state as this godlike being.
I recommend you look up the symposium on CZcams and look for the video ‘the great triad of the enlightenment’ which talks about why a classical liberal views a fascist and a Communist as the same and talks about each ideology.
read a book
@@megancrager4397 theres a lot of differences
Correct Kjell
Am I the only one who thinks that the picture of Mussolini in the thumbnail resembles a young Robert Duvall?
Does anyone know the name of the song starting at 7:49 please?
Presente!
Mussolini was the trendsetter
Very important and usually not spoken about topic
Quiet video... Turn it up a bit next time.
A yes. Giovanni Gentile. The guy who combined socialism with fear to create a new dictatorship.
Fascism is just a branch of socialism. Mussolini realized that the path to power was through Italian National pride, he basically made "Italian" a class. This video makes it seem like they were radically different, but it is about as different as the radical revolutionary socialists and the moderate reformer socialists. They are all branches of the same tree. Later on Mussolini started to nationalize industry and have party officials take over the means of production.
Least illiterate TiK viewer.
@Kommandant Cober you are right ✋🇮🇹⬛️
@@foxarium4137 it's not even a form of "non-Marxist socialism" bafoon. Mussolini himself said that it is a distinct movement from socialism. "Granted that the 19th century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the 20th century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century. If the 19th century were the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State."
@@FaithfulRedeemer Thank you friend.
@@FaithfulRedeemer "In economic matters we are openly anti-socialist. I do not regret being a socialist. I cut all ties with the past; I have no nostalgia. It is not about entering in to socialism but getting out of it. In economic matters we are liberals because we believe the national economy can not be entrusted to the bureaucratic bodies. After the Russian experiment we have seen enough.
I would however return the railways and telegraph offices to private companies because the current system and vulnerable in all its aspects."
"Socialist Doctrines have collapsed: international myths have fallen, class struggle is a fable because humanity can not be devided."
- Benito Mussolini, speech at the Augusteo in Rome, November 7, 1921: The Fascist Program
Comment for the algorithm:)
If you are passionate about this topic, I recommend you the book M the Son of the Century
Mussolini was so based
he became based after getting Iynched
@@vchk5330
Cringe
Learning outside my bubble👌
Perhaps leave youtube? Most worthy producers have
its obvious that the value of a human life suddenly decreased a lot for a lot of people during and after ww1.
Thank you
Thank you very much 😑🙏🏼
Party of gamers
Party of nerds
So Giolitti was the Italian von Pappen...
People don't know where fascism came from
The muscle man himself
all muscle, no spine
A country with Veteran as A Leader sound like Starship Troopers...
Or much of human history.. Kennedy, Teddy, Eisenhower, etc.
There's a scary amount of similarities between what was going on in Italy back then and the US in the last couple of years.
explain
Lo, no there isn't. If only.
Oh, I don't know maybe things like society and politics are more angry and divided, marked by economic problems, social unrest, political street violence, and terrorism attacks?
I'm paraphrasing Jesse's comments.
BLM act like fascists ?
@@christophe9602 I doubt anti fascism came into being before fascism, but hey cool story.
Sir, yes Sir! I will only drink castor oil in moderation!
There are very comical depictions of Italian fascism in Fellini's movie "Amarcord" including the administration of castor oil as a means of political repression. Clips can be found here on youtube.
@@emintey oh yes, until you realize it lead to severe dehydration, pain and general humiliation of shitting yourself in front of your torturers (with bonus laughing and beating)
In 1921 none other than Lenin call Mussolini the only true revolutionary of Europe
doubt.jpeg
no
@@esbenm6544 yes
@@esbenm6544 yes
is that prince william in the thumbnail?
Am I misinterpreting something or did Mussolini really claim that Napoleon was an Italian?
Tecnically he was, his political enemies always used the fact that he wasnt french born and spoke with an accent against him
@@davideb935 You could argue Napoleon wasnt French but Corsican, however that doesnt mean he was Italian since Corsica has its own, separate identity.
Napoleon's first language was Italian, or at least an Italian dialect, because he was from Corsica instead of French. Then again Mussolini was an Italian nationalist, so it'd be entirely in his character to "claim" someone if they're even tangentially connected to Italy to make his country and movement seem more important.
Kinda true
@@creatoruser736 napoleon considered himself French thats all that matters tbh his origins don't matter at all
Jesse says socialism and fascism are different ideologies? That would make a certain CZcamsr very upset!
Tik?
No one with a functioning brain would unironically argue otherwise
Socialism is an umbrella term for different socialist idelogies. There are multiple.
@@FlagAnthem wrong
Love these podcast, very interested in Neblua and Curiosity bundle👌
• how do I get to that?
Thanks for the great CZcams post!
Oops… I just saw the link above I signed up for the Bundle 👌
you sign up for curiousitystream at the link in the video description. once you do, you will get a 2nd email with your Nebula account details. thanks for the support
@@TheGreatWar just complied , thank you and keep up the great work 👌
saved us from Bolshevism
And now Italy is a sh1thole... What a great salvation. I think you see things upside down just as Mussoulini did when executed, lol
abolishing the Senate is not a bad idea
"Drink castor oil responsibly!" 😂
Can you please do a story about Sam Marino in 1921
big story short: oligarchy back again, everyone against (or not enthusiastic enough) were beat into submission or exile (like my great-grandfather, he lost his job and house for refusing to join the fascist party), and they courted Mussolini-senpai to notice them.
@@FlagAnthem did your grandfather live in San Marino
@@bennorwood8433 is buried there with his family
@@FlagAnthem you mean that country has a cemetery
@@bennorwood8433 many actually, and even more uncharted and forgotten. That's why you never dig too deep while farming...
DUX MEA LUX!
Dux me lo sux
This is being recommended during the current policial troubles, what is the algorithm trying to tell me….🧐
ever notice how all fascists seriously dress-for-success?
Ben and Gabriele. And Idalo.
Martin Goldberg's book is worth a read on this subject, unfortunately people are still really uncomfortable examining this era. It's important we don't let this happen again
“Not a true socialist” hahahahahahahahahahahahaha 😂 yea that’s what every faction of socialist says about every other faction of socialist
...."later claimed" - pretty much saying 'no, he was never one of us nononononono' 😂
That's so true though
@@michealohaodha9351 you socialists are the scum of the Earth, you claim you are for the common man but you take away his property and freedom and hand it to the state thus making the common man dependent on the state you make a slave out of him.
@@thesmilinggun-knight9646 I'm actually centre right politically but hey have your fun mate 👍
because he wasn't