The Caucasus: Mountains Full of Languages
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- čas přidán 27. 04. 2017
- This region has a new language around every mountain. Over 50 languages and 7 language families! Learn why the Caucasus is one of the world's language hot zones.
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~ CORRECTIONS ~
- pronunciation of Ossetian (thanks to Taymuraz Tsalikov)
~ BRIEFLY ~
The Caucasus was runner-up in my patron poll, and then it won in the rematch. So, it's time we travel to this mountainous region and explore its complicated linguistic situation.
We go through major languages, family by family, briefly meeting Indo-European languages like Armenian and Kurdish, Turkic ones like Azeri, and even a Mongolic tongue named Kalmyk Oirat. Then, we see how linguists draw a line between "languages of the Caucasus" and the indigenous "Caucasian languages".
The Caucasian languages fall in three families: Northeast Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian, and Kartvelian in the south. Explore some of their intriguing features, including massive numbers of consonants and one of the earliest documented examples of something called "ergativity".
Despite some similar features, these languages don't belong to the same family. In fact, they may not even be a true "linguistic area"!
At the end, we're still left with the question: why so many languages? We'll consider how one linguist looks at the relationship between geography and the lives of language families.
~ CREDITS ~
Art, narration, animation and outro music by Josh from NativLang
Doc full of sources for claims and credits for imgs, music and sfx:
docs.google.com/document/d/18...
As a Circassian, I thank you for taking the time to not only dissect the different languages but the history and causes for them including the context of each people and their interaction with each other in ancient and recent history. This video was part linguistics, part geopolitics, part anthropology, part history, and most of all a part of my people and ancestry.
Support to you brother from România!!!!
I really loved it!
@Beycan Han I believe the Ubykh are one of the tribes of Circassians whose dialect went extinct in the past few decades. It is good to speak with you, brother.
I knew that the Caucasus has a lot of languages. but thats more than i expected.
He just made it artificially complicated.
All languages in Caucasus region can be divided into language families in more reasonable, simple way:
1. Indo-European;
2. Turkic;
3. Kartvelian;
4. Northwest Caucasian; and
5. Northeast Caucasian.
"All". Plus Mongolic and AA/Semitic, counted in the papers I've read (Chirikba, Catford, ...). What's more, the entire diversity of the three indigenous families is contained within the region. The representation of Indo-European and Turkic branches is incredibly varied. This is not a simple area.
it's still a lot of individual languages and 5 basic language families in such a small area is actually pretty unusual. Also Kalmyk which is very close by brings in a 6th family with mongolic
Ginni Hamadan
Well, not actually that simple.
While the situation in South Caucasus is simpler (there are only 3 major language groups: Indo-European (Armenian), Turkic (Azeri) and Kartvelian (Georgian, Megrelian and Svan)),
North Caucasian languages - Northwest and Northeast Caucasian language families consists of lots of smaller language groups ( Avar-Andic, Dargic, Khinalug, Lak, Lezgic, Nakh, Tsezic, Circassian, Abazgi, Ubykh, etc.).
There is also Russian language in North Caucasus (Since Russia invaded that area and now it's part of their federation), but it is not considered as indigenous language in Caucasus region.
+Nick Elson it's true 5 families don't look that complicated, but let me tell you, as a lezgin, I can't understand shit when the neighbouring avars speak, let alone chechens. I mean even being in the same family, the differences are much more significant than in, say languages of romance family.
No mention of Mingrelian, Laz, and Svan languages? There are actually four Kartvelian languages; it's not only Georgian. You even mentioned Adjarian _dialect_, but none of those _languages_...
Anyway, awesome video!
even Adjarian is not a dialect, it's just an accent
The difference between a language and a dialect (or accent) is not linguistic, it is political.
אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמיי און פֿלאָט - Max Weinreich
A language is a dialect with an army and navy - Max Weinreich
@@edgarnmarschalek5113 there is so much truth in that...
Tornike Khantadze ფერეიდნული ქართული აღმოსავლეთ ქართული დიალექტია, დამოუკიდებელი ენა არაა როგორც მეგრულ-ლაზური და სვანური.
MAGA TURK Турки Laz is a Georgian language not Turkish
I am also from Caucasus from northern Azerbaijan. I am a TSAKHUR.
Similar to many North Caucasian languages, Tsakhur language is known for its complex phonology and a large number of vowel phonemes (including 7 simple, 5 pharyngealized and 3 umlauted wovels)
Tsakhur language has 18 grammatical cases and has retained suffixaufnahme. Verbs may have singular and plural form, and 7 grammatical moods.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakhur_language
That is interesting, thanks for the link!
I'm impressed by how many people from the Caucasus have found their way to this video. In every day life, most of the world never hears any of your voices.
I'm also Tsakhur from north Azerbaijan,
"OTHER" Georgia is in the US, not the other way around
yes this annoyed me a little -.-
It all depends on your perspective.
me too :)
Ioseb Dzamukashvili there weren't any barbarians, but there WERE native Americans, who had - and continue to have - beautifully unique languages and cultures.
killing people for nothing sounds like something everyone does and still continues to do
I am an Avar from Dagestan, and out language is very cool and strange. It has some grammar clauses that I havent seen in other languages. We have so many consonants. Some of then are impossible to pronounce for a foreigner. Our language is ergative. It is difficult to understand the idea of ergativity. It is opposite of accusative case. And also we have 16 grammar cases in avar language. Tabasaran language of Dagestan has 40(!) cases.
Ohh Avar is an Alien language! And Avari is one of the ethnic groups of Elves xD it seems really cool though, what do you call your language in Avar?
The Clichést Cliché Ever we call our language Магlарул мацl ( Ma£arul matztz). literal translation is "language of mountains". And we call ourselves "Maarulal" which means "people of mountains, highlanders"
Micober Ss dungi magharulaw))
How are the native languages of Dagestan doing? Are they surviving well?
John Smith yes we learn our languages at schools and also we learn russian. We know both our native language and Russian, though they are unbelievably completely different.
finally someone using the word 'Caucasian' for its true meaning, instead of defining skin color.
btw! please do Eskimo's next! i wanna know what their languages sound like.
Yep USA poorly defines people's racial origin and ethnic background terribly big time. Like for example calling mixed blood american indians (truly known as mestizo) from south of the US border the "hispanic race."
@@fragolegirl2002 or simply using "Eskimo" instead of who they really are.
@@cpd182js Yep they are called inuit if not mistaken.
@@fragolegirl2002 All Inuit are Eskimo but not all Eskimo are Inuit
Other way around.
a proud circassian over here :) thanks for this informative video!
Same
Pretty good content here. A cut above other "educational" channels on youtube.
There's tough competition, so I humbly appreciate the compliment!
For me it's pretty bland and meh.
that's cool. make another channel that does it better and i'll watch.
He didn't say there were special better ordained by GOD languages so it's no good. >:P
...lol =D
A lot of "educational" channels seem to just read headlines of articles and post it as a fact. Danger Dolan is probably the most infamous before they turned into a bizarre fetish channel.
I'm so happy as a Cirsassian (Adygean) to see this video. Thank you = Тхьэ уегъэпсэу = tħa wjɛʁɛpsɛw = May God keep you alive
"inbred anatolians" you say but dont forget that it was the inbred anatolians who saved caucasians ass by saving them. Ottoman turks saved these poor circassian by allowing them to settle in turkey. As for the Kurds, you are right.
Тхьэуегъэпсэу (тхьэм уегъэпсау) means 'May God give you perfection/ health' not May God keep you alive
@@juhuri6128 Хьэнапэжъ, апходэу жыпIэу хъунэкъым.
@Random Person Don't listen to him. I'm a Circassian and I don't hate nations. Peace ☮️
Thanks for using IPA
In Azerbaijan there is a village Khinalig which is located on mountains about 2300 metres from sea level and they have own language which is included in UN language list as a language under thread of extinction.
😢😢
If you're into mythology, I recommend "Nart Sagas of the Caucasus" by Colarusso.
It's in a way similar to Greek and Roman myths, and even norse mythology, but with a very interesting twist and flair.
These languages and Basque are the only living languages that predate the Indo-European migration. It's amazing to see how mountains can protect and preserve these languages so that we can have a better look into what Neolithic European languages may have sounded like.
Ęÿūį Æßñ
Don't Basque people have the tradition of matadors? can't remember the name when the guy tries to kill raging bull? If so there is an old Georgian game (IF you can call it a game lol) that a person has to wrestle a raging bull but we didn't kill it as far as I know, it's called kuruli (კურული), I can give you wikipeadia link but it's in Georgian.
ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98
You can you translator to translate it I think, sadly as far as I know we don't play that game anymore.
And the Uralic languages, like Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian.
It's called corrida, there's a Portuguese tradition of it too, and in Portugal they don't kill the bull
@@user-de3xr8le6b I've seen Minoan art that looks like it portrays a version of bull sports, too. Right in between Caucasus and Portugal. It was probably a widespread and ancient tradition - Portugal to Caucasus is a huge area! They must've been tough people to do this for sport, especially when you call the ambulance and a priest shows up, or some guy with torture tools. I'm assuming it was macho youths (like rugby or American football players) who performed this feat, and not slaves or prisoners, at least prior to a culture's decadence... that's the only way it could make sense to me, but I didn't come from their frame of reference.
@@masalias22 Hungarian doesnt predate indo europeans' arrival
Thank you for this comprehensive and beautiful video! As a half-Circassian born in Turkey to an assimilated family with no knowledge of any Circassian languages, I try to pick up anything I come across on the internet. But it's hard to find quality material on the topic. Yours is a true gem.
I love how you start with relatively less related material like Georgia in the US (lol) and build up from there, connecting everything beautifully and giving the emphasis on Caucasian languages in the second half of the video. I felt a bit impatient waiting for Circassian to be honest, but it was worth it. And kudos to the 'homage' to Tevfik Esenç, the last speaker of Ubykh. It's sad that such a unique language became extinct so recently.
Bende yarı Çerkes, asimile olmuş ve Çerkesce bilmeyen bir ailedenim
Learning Georgian is one of my linguistic dreams and I'm looking for a Georgian language summer course in Tiblisi. If you happen to know something about one, please let me know. Nice video. Congrats! :)
I have Circassian roots and have never came across such profound representation of our culture on CZcams. Mountains really do matter to us and still are a big part of our identity. I talk a little bit of Ossetian and Kabardian which were passed down to me by my family and it's really nice to see them recognized by a Westerner language nerd. Thank you so much for the amazing content.
There are quite a few of us in the West who appreciate the cultural diversity (including some of the very intruiging traditions) of your region. Yes, we tend to be the types with advanced degrees in languages or history. However, for me, there's the additional appeal of regions of Eurasia that were NEVER talked about when I was a child because you part of the Soviet Union and all the attention was on Russians (who seemed mysterious enough!)
And then ... I saw a traditional Circassian dance ... It was like a window to a whole other cultural world was suddenly opened up.
:)
P.S. (I realize your roots might come from the Circassian diaspora in Turkey, but to me Circassia is still in the Northwest of the Caucasus.)
This was an area of the world I knew practically nothing about! Thanks for educating me!
Really looking forward to a video on Basque.
Keep the great work!
MrAlvarogame Agreed
Reckless Roges this^ I also recommend that vid
Fun-ish fact: at our institute you can get credit points for taking Basque classes if you're doing a Caucasian linguistics degree. Because no-one knows what extant languages (if any) Basque is actually related to, and typologically it fits in well enough with the Caucasian languages, so that guess is as good as any :v
I've spent time in the Basque region and the language fascinated me. I agree, video please!
Ok so the second commenter on this comment commented about a video link about Basque of another great youtuber, but looking back at these comments, it isn't there anymore for some reason. So, I'll just recomment it, but without link (which was maybe the reason why it got removed?). Just look up this vid: "Basque - A Language of Mystery" and it's from the great language channel "LangFocus". Hope this helps!
Caucasus region is easily amongst the most interesting and diverse areas in the world.
Great channel! Thank you for it) My name is Shamil. I'm from Dagestan. My father is Avarian and mother is Kumykian (if its written correctly). Those languages are totally different. Avarian is more difficult for spell, sounds like Arabian, but much harder)) and Kumykian is one of Turkician family, by the way, we have 33 different sub nationalities up there with their own languages.
This video was super short. There are more than 100 languages in the region of Caucasus. Just in my Dagestan there are 42 languages. 15 of them are official that have their own schoolbooks, radio and newspapers.
Well they do
But they literally can't do it in the Caucasus otherwise they will be kick in ass
John Smith "Circassian diaspora"
Brother X they did to caucasus actually
Your English is pretty good!
lol stop buddy ... most of them have like few hundred users ... do you speak Nakh i , or Vai Nakh .. i assume Vai Nakh and you don't even Know what Nakh i or Nae Makh is ... also Dualian or D'Valian or even D'eulian .. or D'evar' , D'e'ual language .. XD
Wow! This is such a packed video! More linguistic features than I've ever heard of in that area, and it's pretty interesting to see how the channel has covered most of them in other contexts. Also, I loved the connections between geography and linguistics. I seem to recall having read something on Scientific American's website last year about how climate influences the evolution of tonal languages, as humid climates help make the pronunciation of tones distinct, I think.
I'd also like to repeat my request for a video on the Dardic languages, which I made in the comments on the video on Tsakonikan Greek - but your videos on any and every topic are so incredible that I don't really care too much. Looking forward to Irish and other Celtic languages here!
Excellent video, and you end up learning some fascinating history too. It helps to watch several times to absorb everything. The Caucasus region is certainly a "crazy-quilt" of interesting languages!
The Republic of Kalmykia is such a fascinating place! While I knew that Buddhism spread far and wide during the centuries after the Lord Buddha's death (as far west as Greece, Afghanistan and parts of Turkey), I had no idea that there was still a semi-autonomous region in Eastern Europe that is still predominantly Buddhist. Great video!
3:25 as a russian speaker I dig that pretty good pronunciation of "дверь".
I've always been interested in linguistics and I was so happy when I found you. It is a great channel you have here, keep it up and thank you! ❤
I'd love to see your videos about Ainu and maybe some Siberian languages.
You’re in luck, three years later! He uploaded a video on the languages of Siberia last month and one on Ainu in April.
Keep doing your content. One of the best channels on CZcams right here.
I had a "normal" level of interest in language before starting to watch your things. You've made me a complete nerd. :)
Very high quality and informative content, keep it up! You set a high bar to strive for :)
I don't think I've ever been more pleasantly surprised by a NativLang video. I've been meaning to add (or at least set-up for later expansion) a fifth and final conlang to my mythos. I wanted one that had a contrasting sound to what I already have which include simple phonotactics with basic CV syllables (or (V)VC for 'Xelsunuin) and a conlang with an extensive vowel/diphthong inventory. This leaves me with one that has an extensive consonant inventory without much in the way of vowels. Ubykh fits just that.
Also, if I may say, I'd love to see a video on an Inuit language such as Inuktitut.
The Impish Dullahan
Good for you
You should do a video on the many languages of Papua New Guinea.
There are a bunch of resources on all sorts of Papuan languages, of many different families. A video on the core branches of Trans-NG shouldn't be hard at all. Comparing New Guinea to the Sentinel Islands is going way overboard.
+Ginni Hamadan And? It doesn't matter. NativLang will decide if he wants to do a video on the languages of New Guinea.
OH BOI i got into Papua recently and it was just... i hate the fact that
1. No one pays attention to them
2. The Wiki pages of most of them are super smol
Maybe all of new Guinea, not just the independent east
I was born in Mineralnye Vody in the Caucasus and I really appreciate you making a video about my birth land! It's such a unique place that embodies pluralism and linguistic diversity.
The top notch quality of your videos has earned you a new sub ;)
Since your channel almost has 'native' in it, would you be able to do a video about the Native American/Canadian languages please?
I came across this video by accident, while researching something else, but have to tell you that the 'something else' had to wait as I, with glued fascination, watched it to the end. Thank you so much for posting this information and in such a well presented way. I rarely subscribe to anything, but I am going to do so to make sure I don't forget this site.
Fascinating, entertaining, and enlightening, as always. Over time, I'd love to see you dive into each family, but most of all, I'd love to see a more in depth discussion on ergativity. Ever since I read about Diné Bizaad grammar, I have been intrigued, and wish to learn more. I think it would be well suited to your cartoons, and not too dry.
great video man,thanks for mentioning Circassian :)
Sam Abesh Agreed
Sam Abesh indeed, si qwash
+Sam Abesh there are many Circassians who live in Damascus since a very long time, maybe since 1800's
Anas Syria i know, i am a Circassian from Aleppo.
+Sam Abesh
That great my friend. I was brought up in a neighborhood where a lot of Circassians live. I love and respect my Circassian friends, they are indeed among the most civilized people I've known. I even attended Circassian culture classes with them. For Адига! :)
Wow! thank you so much. I asked you to do a video about caucasian languages in the comments of your last video, I didn't expect you to even notice that among all the other requests, and answer it so quickly! thanks a lot NativeLang.
SO glad I've found this channel, been binging all these episodes!
This is fascinating!
I would love to see a video all about vowel harmony. That stuff drove me nuts when I tried to learn Hungarian.
I am a Laz from Turkey and I waited you for mentioning Laz, Megrelian and Svan languages but you didn't. They are different languages from Georgian.
NENAÇKUNİ VA ĞURASEN
Hello laz brother from east georgia wish you all the best.
Very nice they are part of indo europeans or isolted ?
@@paries1014 laz is in the kartvelian language family which is isolated and not similar to any language.
THIS IS A KARTVELIAN LANGUAGES I'M SVAN!!!
@@sandrovaro chill mate no need to screaming
Thanks a lot for a such great video! I was very much impressed, cause I just wanted you to make a video on the Dagestanian languages, but this one is even greater, than I could imagine!!
This was super. It was quick & to the point with many extra facts jammed in! I loved it
A video about the *Uralic languages* would be nice to see here!
Or at least a video about the *Finnic languages* (Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, Veps etc.)...
Agreed, would love something Finnish/Karelian.
Saami languages!
Slashplite I second your choice
There are no evidence that the Uralic languages are related to either Turkic, Mongolic, or any other languages spoken in Siberia, Manchuria, Korea, Japan and so on. The only common thing they have are loanwords shared by each other.
+Ginni Hamadan What research?
In Hindi, Door is called 'Duar' same as pronounced in Ossetian.
Sunita Gupta
Giorgi Razmadze Armenian is durr. The y means the.
Because Hindu comes from Sanskrit which is a Indo-European language.
that's because Hindi like all other Indo European languages derives from proto-Indo European that is thought to have formed in the Caucasus.
Latin word for King Rex,Rey,Regain,Reign,Roy,Royal and Germanic Rix,Ric and Rick are all related to Indo-Aryan words like Raj or Raja etc etc though PIE so not surprising.
This is a lush and pretty good overview! I could watch hours of this - Thank you
Thank you so much, it´s a useful, introductory video for us to share so as to educate people about the cultural aspects of the region!
Very interesting video! Great job! Wish you have talked more about languages of Dagestan :)
Could you do a video on Aboriginal Taiwanese languages?
alex cheng does it still exist to this day?
Yeah, more than 14 of them
Yes! Would be interesting to see :) My people (Maori) are descendants of Taiwanese Aborigines, so I'm pretty curious about their languages, would also be awesome to see a video about Polynesian languages :)
Ivatan, the indigenous langauge spoken in the Bataan islands in the northernmost province of the Philippines, are cousins of the Aboriginal Taiwanese languages. In the mainland (Philippines), no one can understand them since they are technically in a different subgroup of their own in the Malayo-Polynesian family.
Example: Umsi ava su vahusa u kamates. (Eggplants do not grow tomatoes). Quote source Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivatan_language).
I thought aboriginals were in australia?
Such a beautiful video, man. I never realized the extent of the range of languages there. You should make a video of you actually going there and collect samples of speech from those regions, analyze, and with a linguist who specializes in those languages, come and talk about it with us! Subscribed!
Thank you! You never let us down xxx LOVE this channel
Absolutely liking your videos! So interesting to watch and to hear. I must compliment you on your sweet sounding voice :] Greetings from Chechnya
Asalamoaleikum brother
Greetings from Russia. I am Karachay-Balkar (turkic caucasians) and my grandfather was georgian. Thx for video, really nice :)
Very well "composed" video. I like how you made it flow. (Also great information, of course.)
Just discovered this channel and I am already in love with it
Interesting video (as always), though I have to agree somewhat with the other commenters complaining that it's a bit rambling.
Hey!!! Is 7:04 a citation of Aert H. Kuipers? That's my (parents') old neighbour. I do recall him telling about Caucasian languages once. Also about the difficulty posed by the roots not appearing to have any vowels, and the discussions he'd had about the existence of a (proto-) language with no vowels at all.
I'm _so_ glad his work is still relevant today!
He was such an amazing man; quite reclusive, yet very sociable. When asked, he could talk at length about the most diverse subjects -- mathematics, Japanese art, 19th century pianists, the many quirks of Slavic people (his wife, who lived in Canada, was Ukrainian by birth, and he himself taught Slavic languages at Leiden University). But his real passion was for languages.
Upon retiring, he first spent some 15 years finishing his English Salish dictionary, before finally getting to learn Mandarin; something he'd wanted to do ever since walking through Chinatown in New York when he was teaching there (somewhere in the 1950s, I think).
I first met him when he was already aged 74; a nephew had left him a computer, and he'd heard I knew a thing or two about them. (Back then, I used to help people with computer problems after school). I explained to him how to turn it on, start Windows, & told him of drives and disks. He appeared interested, so I mentioned in passing that QBasic could be used for programming. When I met him again a week later, he'd written his first piece of software! 74 years old!
He passed away a few years ago.
The very same! It's cool to read this personal background. It gives some depth to the person behind the simple name, date, idea citations I encountered while researching the video. Thank you for sharing.
Great vid, thank you! Please make a video on Circassian (Adyghe) language sometime, would love to see it from you
Did you just say “Circassian”?? My obsession with Circassia and those stuff is going crazy....
it's so great as a long time sub to see you growing in popularity. i can show your videos to my friends and it helps them understand why I love linguisitics :)
Thanks for mentioning us!Best wishes from Caucasus❤️
THANK YOU FOR MENTIONING CIRCASSIAN
Same
Awww... 🥰
Great work as always!
What do you think about the Altaic family hypothesis?
I'd love to eventually see a video about the similarities between Japonic, Koreanic, Mongolic, Turkic and Tungustic language families! That and something about Ainu!
Altaic... sounds like another epic video covering a lot of languages! I didn't realize how much of a difference it would make to include Ainu just once in the video, but, wow, I love to see so many requests for it!
Ainu is exciting as language isolates tend to be, Also the idea of a language using an adapted katakana as its sole script is super cool to me. Whatever you make though I'll be here to watch it, thanks for responding!
Altaic has been mostly dis-proven and these languages are probably a spachbund rather then related. And example would be how Turkic,Mongolic and Tungusic share vast amounts of vocabulary but it becomes less and less the more you go back in time which doesnt make sense if they were genetically related languages.
Some shared vocabulary-
Korean- Tangun(old Korean is Tanga)
Turkic-Tengri
Mongolic-Tenger
Tungusic Enduri
English- Deity/God
Korean- Han
Turkic-Khan/Han
Mongolic-Khan/han
Tungusic- Kan/Han
English- Master or tribal chief/ Minor King
Your best video ever. I went to University in japan in the 80s But for the last 5 years I have been teaching (and i hope learning) in Turkey. This summer I begin a 2 year adventure studying in Georgia. This video got me all excited
Loved it. your videos keep on getting better by far and so far 👌👌
I've recently become interested in Abkhaz. The bit that caught my attention was the way in which it adapts both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. At times, it almost seems like it has more unique Abkhazian letters than letters from it's parent scripts!
its aqsua not abkhazian
the abkhaz cyrillic is wild
I speak Adyghe (We call it "adigé bzé" in our language), it's a North West Caucasian language. Thank you for this video! ♥️🙏
@Beycan Han убыхский язык был ближе к абхазскому чем к кабардино-черкесскому
@@MegaRedada убыхи считали себя адыгами и говорили на адыгском языке. Всё убыхи сегодня считают себя адыгами и говорят на адыгском и не имеют отношения к абхазам.
Thanks a lot for the amazing work you do!
Thanks for such an informative video.
OMG please do Ainu. I REALLY hope it was included in there as some sort of weird hint. Oh, my god, there's so much to talk about there and it's just so cool! I've got Ainu dictionaries I'd love people to just see how cool of a language and culture it is in one of your videos.
Yessss
You have forgot to notice, that we have in Georgia two other languages : Megrelian ( in the region- Samegrelo) and Svanuri (in the region- Svaneti) languages.
and lazuri(laz)
Thats because they're not languages but rather dialects. Like Cantonese or fuzhounese
@@kardz1848 U are wrong. Search more about this issue please.
@@giorgishekiladze4282 except I'm not.
@@kardz1848 they are entirely different languages, georgian people such as me cant understand megrelian and svanuri, we cant even understand one word, its so different its a different language.
This is extremely fascinating and beautiful but so SO daunting. Languages are so complicated it’s wonderful but i’ll never get my head round them fully.
Outstanding video. I learned so much!
Could you also do some explanation about languages of Southern China like Yunnan and Sichuan? 🙏
I love this video and it's interesting!
Sino-Kaukaz lanqvic union!
I love this Channel
Quality > Quantity hurts,but is worth it
I would like to see a full video on the Turkic languages
big topic. Could include Dene, Haida, Navajo, Cree Indians of North America
Thanks for posting
I liked this episode a lot and I learned some new things about the history of the study of these languages (I didn't know their study as a group predated that of Indo-European's!) but I was hoping you'd include a little bit on the polysynthetic nature of their grammars. It's definitely one of the most interesting aspects of them! And it'd be a good follow-up to your introduction to what ergativity is!
If you wanted to do a follow-up to this episode, it'd be really awesome to see an episode on the Dene-Caucasian macrofamily - with a preface of course that it's a not-well-accepted theory, but nonetheless still interesting. Any theory that manages to include languages as grammatically and geographically far-flung as Caucasian and Sino-Tibetan couldn't NOT be SOMEWHAT interesting :D
HELLO IM FROM GEORGIA!!!
🇬🇪
საქართველოს გაუმარჯოს!
@Random Person Georgians Chechnians and Circassians Dagestanis And Ingushetians are The Real Caucasians... armenians and Azerbaijanis Just Came Few Thousand Years Ago But We... We Are Autoctonus People... And According To History Georgia Is The First Country In Caucasia So...
@@user-sj6og7wi2q According to history Kurds had a Muslim dynasty in southern Caucasus , Shadadids and Rawdids
Lovely greetings from Azerbaijan.❤
@Random Person First Of all... We Are Not Dark... And Please... We All Know That Georgians are Only Real Caucasians In South Caucasus... And According To History. If Not Georgia All Of North Caucasian People Would Not Exist. And BTW, Kavkasieli(In Georgian) Must Be Free... That Is What Our Fathers Taught Us. And Which One Of North Caucasians Are Free???! And If We Are South Of The Mountain Than You Are North Of The Mountain... None Of Us Is On The Great Caucasia... Both Of Us Are North Or South Of It.
@Random Person Oooooh... :D
I have ways been very interested in the Chechen language. Im thinking of learning it one day :)
It’s hard but great
Great work, excellent vid!
Amazing work. Thank you
Oh wow, 50 languages across 7 families....do you have any books or sources that you can suggest us for further exploration about languages? I would love to know more in details and actually with word comparisons. Thanks in advance and happy to be a fan of your channel!
Some years ago, a linguist friend told me that at one time long ago, every fjord along the west coast of Canada had a different tribe of native people. And the language of each tribe was as different from each other as English is from Chinese.
Just wanted to say thanks for posting this! I've studied Georgian now for many years, and to a lesser degree, other languages of the region, MIngrelian, Abkhaz, Avar, Kabardian, Chechen. My non-linguistic friends, of course, are perplexed by my interest in this; but now I can show them this video to help them get some idea why the area is so interesting. Gmadlobt! გმადლობთ!
Great job keep it up very informative video
Hello From Georgia (საქართველო) In Kartvelian Language there are also 3 groups: Svan, Megrelian and Laz (Megrelian and Laz had common language in Acnient times). not talking about dialects:D
So the Caucasus is the Papua of the Near East, and like Papua is straddles the line between two continents. A fascinating place indeed, I have a friend who's half Georgian and from what he's told me about his mother's homeland it seems like a cultural oddity in many ways, its language being one of them.
I am Armenian on my Fathers side & Georgian on my Mothers
Inb many ways we are very similar, but also very different
One thing for sure Armenians & Georgians are the backbone of Christianity in the region for almost 2000 years
Great video! Your content is always informative and enjoyable to watch! If you ever plan on making a video about the Armenian language, I would be more than happy to help.
I agree, I also want a video about the Armenian language.
Nice info. Appreciated 💛🙏
I'd be very pleased to see you make a video about the Albanian language, and how it descends from Illyrian dialects. Though I know it would be challenging, as there are not many examples of Illyrian literature surviving.
[1:46] _Door_, _dur_, _derî_, _duar_... These words sound strongly correlated...
And then you see the Latin cognate: _forum_ & _fora_.
Latin evolved differently.
latin f from dh
German: Tür
Czech: Dveře
outstanding presentation no hype just amazing facts and there is one who understands them all and even knows the number of hairs of each speaker
That deer tho xD
Great content, man!
In Tsova-Tush, the sentence: ”As vuiž-n-as.” even *_SOUNDS_* phonetically more involved, than: ”So vož-en-so.” I’m guessing it has to do with the diphthong ”ui” in ”vuiž”, and the ”vowel-consonant” -syllable ”as”, as well as the two consonants, ”ž” and ”n” in a row; compared to the simple vowel ”o” in ”vož”, and the ”consonant-vowel” -syllable ”so”, as well as the vowel ”e” breaking the consonant cluster ”ž-n” -> ”ž-en”. The latter just phonetically sounds more passive and relaxed. It even has more harmonizing vowels: 3 * ”o” + ”e” vs. 2 * ”a” + ”u” + ”i”. IDK, I’m weird like that. 🤔
Ubykh is deserving of a video of it's own.
What an interesting post! Thanks!
Your videos are amazing.
That's why in Switzerland we have so many dialects. The mountains, rivers and forests parted us.
Never thought of this🤔
@@arinaa4809 Me too, but then when I studied translation I learned about the isogloss which separates the dialects in a region. Back in time, people couldn't travel so far and some stayed in the same village their whole life. So they formed different dialects. :D
@@LearnGermanwithMarzipanfrau and that’s also why Swiss German is really different from German German? :)
@@arinaa4809 Yes, that's true. Germany is a lot flatter than Switzerland. So the dialects spread wider in flat regions than in regions with more mountains. :)
@@LearnGermanwithMarzipanfrau ight, thank you
İn Azerbaijan u can find also these languages 🇦🇿: Lezgian,Hebrew,Talysh,Tat, Avar
Oh, thanks for mentioning Lezgian.)
Hebrew yoxdu Azərbaycanda. Buradakı Yahudiler tat(juhuri lehçesi) ve rus dillərində danışırlar. Tat dilində dağ yəhudiləri, rus dilində de Avropa Yahudileri danışır.
@Baxışoff avar eşitməmişəm amma dağ (qorski) yahudiləri hamısı tatca danışır, öz ləhcələri var tat dilidən cuhuri deyirlər. CZcamsda mahnıları da çoxdur, elə digər tatlar da rahat başa düşürlər ləhclərini. Evropeyski yahudilər də rus dilində danışırlar. Amma avar dilində danışmağı ilk dəfədir sizdən eşidirəm.
@Jake Awake there is not Kurd in Azerbaijan
All of them are less then 5% of population in Azerbaijan. 95% are Azerbaijanin Turks
My father is a mountain Jew from Dagestan. When he was kid there, his parents' generation of the family spoke a dialect of Persian called Juhuri. It's cool you touched on this region.
Amazing video. You've earned yourself a subscriber! :)
im so interested in kalmyks now. thank you for showing me a country i didnt know existed
You didn't know Russia exists? What?
Which people havent been destroyed by russia? Tell me.
This work is an outstanding blend of historical linguistics, cultural and geographical relevance. This is on par with my aptitude; being challenged then satisfied... I'm inspired to continue my studies in Language that I started in my high school Latin courses. Thank you. Please continue the excellence!
As a Kurdish person, I was so pleasantly surprised to hear you mention a Kurdish quote in the beginning! I also enjoyed learning about all the many languages and history of the Caucasus Mountains :) Out of curiosity, can you make a video about the Kurdish language and its dialects? I speak Sorani and am from the West Iran area of Kurdistan, but there are other dialects too--as you probably already know :)
Kurdistan is one of the world's largest ethnic groups without a state, but we have our own language, culture, and history. I also learned a little about its rich history and how Kurdistan was an empire before it got split up by Britain. It would be cool if you could make a video about Kurdistan!
P.S. I would put a Kurdistan flag emoji but they haven't released one yet
Gracias por tu trabajo, es excelente. Me encantaría saber si piensas hacer un vídeo acerca de los distintos dialectos del castellano (o español) en Sudamérica. Gracias nuevamente.