Metabolism of Drug (Part 02) | Phases of Drug Metabolism | Metabolism of Drug | ADME क्या होता है
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- čas přidán 1. 03. 2019
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Drug metabolism is the term used to describe the biotransformation of pharmaceutical substances in the body so that they can be eliminated more easily. The majority of metabolic processes that involve drugs occur in the liver, as the enzymes that facilitate the reactions are concentrated there.
The purpose of metabolism in the body is usually to change the chemical structure of the substance, to increase the ease with which it can be excreted from the body.
Drugs are metabolized through various reactions including:
(1) Oxidation
(2) Reduction
(3) Hydrolysis
(4) Hydration
(5) Conjugation
(6) Condensation
(7) Isomerization
There are often two phases of drug metabolism.
(1) Phase I: Non-synthetic reactions such as cleavage (e.g. oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis), formation or modification of a function group.
Phase I reactions convert a parent drug to more polar (water-soluble) active metabolites by unmasking or inserting a polar functional group (-OH, -SH, -NH2) geriatric patients have decreased phase I metabolism. Drugs metabolized via phase I reactions have longer half-lives.
(2) Phase II: Synthetic reactions such as conjugation with an endogenous substance (e.g. sulfate, glycine, glucuronic acid).
The most common and important enzyme group involved in the Phase I metabolism of drugs is the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) superfamily of enzymes. This group of enzymes acts as a catalyst for the oxidation of many drugs. It can, in turn, also be induced or inhibited by many drugs and other substances. As a result, the metabolism of some drugs is affected by the presence of other substances. This is what is known as a drug interaction.
Some of the important enzymes in this family include:
CYP1A2
CYP2C9
CYP2C19
CYP2D6
CYP2E1
CYP3A4
Description Credit- www.news-medical.net/health/D...
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sir MAO non microsomal enzyme hai and most of the reaction iss enzymes se catalysts hote hai ...so is ka matlab most of the oxidation non microsomal type ke hote hai kya ..??
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Hi, I just starting watching from Absorption and its great video. Thank you so much. I understood very properly about Absorption and Distribution right after your videos but still quite confused about Metabolism. As the drugs get absorbed in stomach and small intestine and are distributed to the organs through blood vessels, what gets metabolized in liver? Drugs are already in blood. It says that drugs reach liver through hepatic portal veins but if the drugs are already in the boodstream, what reaches the liver from small intestine? Also, is bioavailability counted after distribution or just after metabolism? I need help with this please.
Thank you. Drug reachs to blood after Absorption but currently it is in inactive state but when it reaches to liver via heptaic vein it gets metabolized into active agent and now it is ready to give action for which it was taken. Without metabolism it will not give action. BA is calculated from plasma not by blood because plasma conc is actulual conc of drug. (But if drug is not in blood how it will be in plasm so it defined as blood conc) please watch the metabolism series it will help you.
Thank you. So the inactive drugs stay in blood to those organs? And what happen to those drugs? Do they come back to liver for activation from those organs or liver gets drugs?
I got confused because after distribution, if the drugs reach brain, heart and kidney from blood vessels, which drugs reach liver for metabolism?
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