Particles and waves: The central mystery of quantum mechanics - Chad Orzel
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- čas přidán 16. 06. 2024
- View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/particles-a...
One of the most amazing facts in physics is that everything in the universe, from light to electrons to atoms, behaves like both a particle and a wave at the same time. But how did physicists arrive at this mind-boggling conclusion? Chad Orzel recounts the string of scientists who built on each other’s discoveries to arrive at this ‘central mystery’ of quantum mechanics.
Lesson by Chad Orzel, animation by Joana Bartolomeu.
والله انا جاي من كتاب مستر محمود مجدي مكنتش اعرف ان الحوار كبير كد
😂😂😂😂
😂😂
وانا والله 😂😂😂😂😂
شوف حلقه الدحيح بتاعه اعظم تجربه فالفيزيا وهتفهم
الدحيح والعلم بالملعقة تكلموا عن الموضوع
Louis de Broglie: *takes a hit from joint* Wh.. what if electrons... were like particles but WAVES!
What if they were parwaves!!
@@BumanHeing Wavicles*
“You know how waves are also particles?” “Yeah?” “Well... what if.. hear me out now... particles, are also waves” “woahh dude you should write a paper”
This 5 minutes video summarizes one whole chapter i studied in class11
At least 2
That's so true
Are you from India or Pakistan ?
True 🤚🏻
Yup
مستر محمود مجدي 😍
The double slit experiment always messed with my head a long time ago
So was I. I was deeply shocked when my Professor taught wave - particle duality :)))
@Astute Cingulus what do you mean waves become restrained? I'm having trouble understanding that concept
@@rn6045 go check out videos of the double slit experiment. They will show that particles seem to behave differently when "observed" and not "observed"
@@anhlehoang3492 why did u shocked? It has been known almost one century.
@@dickyarjuna1566 That was the first time I got known to Quantum theory.
حبيبي ي مستر حوده😂
جبت كام؟😂
Great! Now i have to clean up my wall because my brain just exploded.
It's funny how one hundred years since the particle-wave explanation of light and matter was developed, we still don't understand its underlying principles.
Maybe because it's being kept as secret, they don't want people to know we are living in a Matrix 😂
The greatest shock delivered is when they tell us"Everything you learnt about the Bohr's Atomic Model is Incorrect. Forget it."💔
We are lucky to be in a fine tuned universe for life and us to ponder these conflicting ideas. We are lucky to live in a universe where duality is possible. What would a universe be like with only particles? What would a universe be like with only waves?
@@techstuff3409 Are we living in a simulation? 🤖
@@kevinlutz5994 no duality at all , everything is wave ,what we call particles are just condensed wave i.e wave with very high frequancy , they does not want to tell you that fact
Came to feel smarter. Left feeling dumber.
Slipy Duck The more you now, the more there is to know
Yeah, so basically what I've gathered is that no one really knows what the heck is going on.
@@IEIDIDO Physics explains that uncertainty certainly exists.
If you feel you're smarter than others then think of the quantum realm...everything in there is possible...even others are more intelligent than you in that realm
You won't understand this video unless you have studied quantum mechanics. This video is just a brief description of wave - particle duality. There is a large background behind this duality.
Keep up the good work! Without this channel, I'm probably crying my eyes out trying to understand it! You guys helped me understand things A LOT. thank you so much 💞
I want those people behind that video as my teachers!
You are in the wrong universe friend
Vinny Horapeti what
@@amikishimoto7680 I mean you will not find these kind of teachers in school
In a sense, they already are! That;s what I love about CZcams. I can watch 5 videos about the same thing until I find one that I can understand.
Electrons are soo damn amazing
all fundamental particles are amazing
Why don't u just call particles waves and vice versa
why don't you marry one then.
why just electrons and not protons and neutrons ?
@@saltycyanide2738 all of them behaves this way
من كتابب ابو مجدييي🙈💗
Dude this particle duality explanation is the best. Btw can you make a video explaining subatomic particles? And do subatomic particle correlate with dark matter?
من طرف محمود مجدي 😂
i've watched various TED ED video, and it's good for my understanding. But for this one, i need to learn again to understand it.
best quantum physics related video i have ever seen. thanks :)
wonderful explanation, thank you!
+Tyler Brown
are you tyler dewitt's brother?
i lost track when he started talking
A complex question answered simply thankyou for making such video and keep making the videos
2:51 NOTE: when representing orbits from the elements in the Periodic Table, a modified representation of Bohr's Atom Representation is still used even until today!
Brilliantly explained!!
🥰 👍🏻💯agreed
Chad makes is soo clear! Give that man a raise!
I love you Chad !
He’s a Chad
Ted Ed ur vedios are awesome and it gives us Amazing ideas about the topic. But one suggestion is please make the vedios in order and make all the vedios about that topic. I mean consider quantum mechanics, pls make all the vedios related to it and helps us understand it much better. Not like one or two...
WE NEED MORE VIDEOS LIKE THIS ... amazing ^_^
Best Explanation of Light. Thank you!
Planck was never really happy with this but Einstein picked it up and ran with it.. 😂😂😂
Excellent explanation.
I feel smarter AND dumber at the same time, that’s quantum learning I guess...
... or not.
@@bhaswanth6572
Or entirely different.
Schrödinger's learning
Really Lessons worth sharing keep sharing with us......
Very nicely explained
BRILLIANT !! It's part of Malaysian High School Physics syllabus, newly introduced 1 year back 👍🏻👍🏻😁 .. definitely helps in understanding
Quantum Light (h) is a dualistic quantum particle that in the cosmic vacuum
can fly at a constant speed (c=1). In this movement, light uses its linear spin
and it does not produce electromagnetic waves. Light behaves like a corpuscular.
But light can behave like a wave if it uses its angular rotation (the torque required
to accelerate angularly around the axis of rotation). In this situation, the speed
of the light is faster than the constant. The speed is c>1.
This situation is explained by Lorentz transformations.
The problem is that we do not know the geometric shape of the light quantum.
احلى فيزيكس مع م.محمود مجدي ❤
دفعة 2024
فهمتي حاجه
Do more on from quanta to quarks!
This is amazing
Wonderful. Thanks
thankyou for this!!💜💜
Find no words to praise
Amazing video
Outstanding explanation. I could never understand what Max Planck was envisioning and trying to resolve. Thank you!!!
Quantum Light (h) is a dualistic quantum particle that in the cosmic vacuum
can fly at a constant speed (c=1). In this movement, light uses its linear spin
and it does not produce electromagnetic waves. Light behaves like a corpuscular.
But light can behave like a wave if it uses its angular rotation (the torque required
to accelerate angularly around the axis of rotation). In this situation, the speed
of the light is faster than the constant. The speed is c>1.
This situation is explained by Lorentz transformations.
The problem is that we do not know the geometric shape of the light quantum.
Feynman did not believe in particle wave dualism, he thought light was made of particles. He did not have an explanation for the double slit experiment, and that was his mystery. In the Auckland lecture on photons, he mocked the idea that a particle could suddenly decide to turn into a wave (the standard Copenhagen interpretation).
Yeah , you are right
man this is a chapter in my book
nice video thank you
I don't know how but got suddenly interested in physics.. thank you for the video
Seems like Louis de Brogile is the forgotten Hero here
scientists are the real life superheroes that we dont deserved but we needed.
Is it perfectly logical and natural only for me? I never really understood how you could have waves without particles, so for me this is actually much easier to accept. And I wonder if I actually understand this a bit or if I don't understand it at all, so it seems simple :P
Amazing...
observing the process or not observing makes a difference. thats the most amazing fact.
Because the so-called "observation" changes the state of the wave/particle.
Incrível vídeo. Só queria fazer uma crítica construtiva quanto a legenda em português, "órbitas" é referente ao movimento planetário e "orbitais" ao movimento dos elétrons entorno do núcleo.
One way to think of wave particle duality of light and matter in the form of electrons is that it is forming a blank canvas for us (atoms) to interact with; we have waves over a period of time and particles as an uncertain future unfolds. The mathematics of quantum mechanics represents the physics of time with classical physics represents processes over a ‘period of time’ as in Newton's differential equations.
In this theory the mathematics of quantum mechanics represents geometry, the Planck Constant ħ=h/2π is linked to 2π circular geometry representing a two dimensional aspect of 4π spherical three-dimensional geometry. We have to square the wave function Ψ² representing the radius being squared r² because the process is relative to the two-dimensional spherical 4π surface. We then see 4π in Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle ∆×∆pᵪ≥h/4π representing our probabilistic temporal three dimensions life. The charge of the electron e² and the speed of light c² are both squared for the same geometrical reason. We have this concept because the electromagnetic force forms a continuous exchange of energy forming what we experience as time. The spontaneous absorption and emission of light photon ∆E=hf energy is forming potential photon energy into the kinetic energy of electrons. Kinetic Eₖ=½mv² energy is the energy of what is actually happening. An uncertain probabilistic future is continuously coming into existence with the exchange of photon energy.
i thought this is some high level of knowledge until i realise i learnt this back in high school ...
Could we have a logic understanding of quantum mechanics if we explained it as an emergent interactive process unfolding photon by photon? This idea would have wave and particles nature based on: (E=ˠM˳C²)∞ with energy ∆E equals mass ∆M linked to the Lorentz contraction ˠ of space and time. The Lorentz contraction ˠ represents the time dilation of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. We have energy ∆E slowing the rate that time ∆t flows as a universal process of energy exchange or continuous creation. Mass will increase relative to this process with gravity being a secondary force to the electromagnetic force. The c² represents the speed of light c radiating out in a sphere 4π of EMR from its radius forming a square c² of probability. We have to square the probability of the wave-function Ψ because the area of the sphere is equal to the square of the radius of the sphere multiplied by 4π. This simple geometrical process forms the probability and uncertainty of everyday life and at the smallest scale of the process is represented mathematically by Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle ∆×∆pᵪ≥h/4π. In such a theory we have an emergent future unfolding photon by photon with the movement of charge and flow of EM fields. This gives us a geometrical reason for positive and negative charge with a concaved inner surface for negative charge and a convexed outer surface for positive charge. The brackets in the equation (E=ˠM˳C²)∞ represent a dynamic boundary condition of an individual reference frame with an Arrow of Time or time line for each frame of reference. The infinity ∞ symbol represents an infinite number of dynamic interactive reference frames that are continuously coming in and out of existence.
Love it
watche d this video like 20 times to understand it fully
Mind blown
Bell's Theorem should have us thinking about the superluminal world. A couple of points to note are
(1) In one dimension of space, the relativistic velocity addition law implies symmetry between the subluminal and superluminal worlds. Everything travelling at speed u has a doppelganger travelling at speed c squared / u.
(2) Playing around with the Minkowski formalism, there appears to be more than one way to travel faster than light. The tachyonic way exchanges momentum and energy, while the other way exchanges spacelike and timelike intervals. This idea is not quite original to me - I have seen it in the literature.
I am interested in working out how a computer simulation of quantum mechanics might make use of a random number generator, based on my experience with fluid mechanics and Brownian motion of vorticity. We need to add some sort of Brownian motion to quantum mechanics. I would suggest that any Wiener process simply goes straight through the light barrier and occupies both the subluminal world and superluminal world equally. The entity is in tachyonic Brownian motion. We can have wavelike behaviour, with destructive interference, in the other way to travel faster than light. The TBM is responsible for particle-like behaviour of the entity. For example if two or more detectors are trying to catch the entity, TBM breaks the symmetry and only one detector gets the prize. In this scheme, wavelike and particle-like behaviour begin by being orthogonal to each other. Both behaviours are useless for nonlocal communication.
The key is knowing that there is more than one way to travel faster than light. After that you can construct your own theory and quantum mechanics becomes not so mysterious as a subject. It is still difficult but not impossibly so. We should be dishing out free testbed computer simulations of quantum mechanics so anyone can work out how to use a random number generator if my own ideas turn out to be wrong. I have written something in Excel VBA and every home should have one. One benefit of a spreadsheet is that generating a cinematic loop for the output is easy. VBA can do the sort of algebraic or object-oriented programming that we need for complex numbers and bispinors. I have a three-stage integrator for the Dirac equation. The engineering problems are being solved. It's now just a matter of using our imagination.
awesome
Awesome
mvr=nh/2pi :- Bohr's quantisation of orbital angular momentum
Lambda= h/mv :- debroglie's wavelength of a particle moving with a velocity v and mass m
K (max) = hv - work function :- Einstein's photoelectric equation
I felt an electron in my heart!
I wish your channel should have more subscribers than t-series or piewdepie
I’m a layman, but it seems the most obvious & logical explanation for particles acting like polarizable axial or circular, helical waves as they travel is that they’re orbiting something (a dark (or anti) matter particle perhaps).
It's not unlike Earth being pulled into a wobble by the moon, or a distant star's wobble evidencing planet orbits making our trajectories as we fly thru space have an apparent axial or circular helical wave (like a packet) as well, depending on the orientation of the orbit.
And since we think we know undetectable dark matter exists and should be 5 times as common as matter but don't yet know where it's distributed, it seems a logical possibility is that we are in a sea of dark matter, even in otherwise empty space, and every particle (photons, electrons, etc) is paired in orbit with one. I think gravitational waves could be dark matter waves and that gravity might be caused by the density of dark matter.
This could explain the double slit experiment results, including with a detector with some interaction between the dark matter and the detector (and perhaps dark matter entanglement), it could explain the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, as well as explain the deflection of the axis of the particle's wave motion (orbit orientation) moving thru polarizing filters rotated less than 45 degrees apart.
Perhaps the only reason for photons' max speed limit is the dark matter they're paired and in orbit rotation with interacting with other dark matter.
This could also explain why the universe is expanding from the central singularity point of the big bang outward in all directions faster than the speed of light into previously completely empty universe space, given that there is no dark matter there yet.
Just a quick correction. Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist that worked in Manchester and was born in Brightwater, Nelson New Zealand
Hey Ted ed , can you make a video on Atomic Spectra. I and most of the other students are too having problem in that topic.
Thank you
Time needs to be brought up in this. A particle is a single entity, a vibration in a quantum field, and a wave is a pattern of many entities, vibrating at up and down and left and right as it propagates through space. Particles only show their wave pattern over a period of time.
شكرا
Plz explain negative temperature of laser its QM hard
we spent 3 weeks covering the exact same (if not less) information than this 5 minute video.
science teachers take note!
WAVE OR PARTICLE; Psy Phy Physics from a science fiction writer
Why do I look at waves not particles? Looking at waves, not particles shows the weaknesses and problems yet to be solved in quantum mechanics, also the clues to move forward.
More and more I see the particle as a SUBSET of the wave. The particle is most probably in the crests and troughs, that means it is part of the wave. The particle is almost never in the nodes of the waves. There seems to be some type of duality here where the particle seems more mass like, and the wave, more energy like. Could almost say one is in space time, the other in a dimensionless point.
The quantum world is never cut and dried - so that for me means spin, superposition of waves, destructive interference of waves, virtual particles, magnetic properties, direction of the waves, orbitals, binding energy, charge properties and particle wave duality: they are all going on at once, and everywhere in the atom at the same time.
I have understood nothing, but it is very interesting matter )))
Could you please tell ...where are you did the animation of your video????🙏🙏🙏
Partical-Wave duality? Or are our macroscopic notions of space and time (locality) not directly applicable to small scales?
Somewhere along there my brain went oooooooh
I can’t believe that the Zero Escape franchise got me interested in quantum mechanics and physics.
Quantum Physicists are like Philosophers. Their theories have more to do with truth (in their ability to start all over and question first principles) than any other deterministic scientists.
Quantum physics tries to explain reality and relativity.
From my modest knowledge, the experiment is that, when left alone, the electron behaves like a wave, but when it's observed the electron acts like a particle, spooky isn't it? The idea is that, the reality of everything isn't yet real until it measured, and that's true, but in this one, you need to dig a bit deeper the meaning of everything...🤔
I think it's because the "observation" changes the Nature of the electron.
@@srikrishna2561 no dont be foold , there is only one fundumentl nature of matter : A wave Nature
It may behave like aparticle ,it may have mass , but its still has tiny waving
@@nanotechnano7193I never thought it that way thx
Light is particles according to quantum mechanics. The wave like nature is a probability distribution
Quantum Light (h) is a dualistic quantum particle that in the cosmic vacuum
can fly at a constant speed (c=1). In this movement, light uses its linear spin
and it does not produce electromagnetic waves. Light behaves like a corpuscular.
But light can behave like a wave if it uses its angular rotation (the torque required
to accelerate angularly around the axis of rotation). In this situation, the speed
of the light is faster than the constant. The speed is c>1.
This situation is explained by Lorentz transformations.
The problem is that we do not know the geometric shape of the light quantum.
Make video on wavefuction
Wonderful explanation of the duality of the universe.
Check out an alien perspective of the Universal Duality on our Channel!
Mr Mahmoud Magdy
My main takeaway is how did life come into existence or something that can observe if the particles needed to create the observer aren't in a set state allowing one to observe
It's not plOnk it's plAnck
more like plahnk
@@Insertnamesz No, it's not a long A
It's... *Planhanke*
الي جاي من عند محمود مجدي ومفهمش حاجه من الفيديو
بنفهم فيزيا بالعربي احنا عشان يسمعهالنا انجلش😂
@@ziad7rady مش فاهم والله 😂😂
🙂
الل فهمته cat بس 🙂😂
So, what I don't understand ins the mystery behind this, it seems common sense that if you shoot something with mass at things with mass, it changes the trajectory. And in a laboratory where it is to us windless, there is a sertain "wind" per say at a molecular level.
I've never heard on non -dissipated pockets of hydrogen, oxygen, and helium gasses floating along...
They seem to mix a sertain way like salt in a glass of water. Same amount of salt, as if it can only dissipate so much of it.
Big question is what makes you think it isn't just pinballing around the countless other electrons? Being composed of the same substructures, and commonality of the movement of the photon and or electron, seems to be more of a kentucky windage effect to the layman.
Temperature changes, burning sensation such found in the realms of radioactivity. You can feel the electron excitement on your skin, and the amount of electrons that are absorbed and emitted.
It is almost as if photons are the energy that makes the universe work in general.
Almost as if we need light to keep from decaying.
How electron produce magnetic filed around it due to oscillation?
" if electrons are waves, it's easy to explain Bhor's rule for picking out the special orbits " WHY?
TED-ed shows in another video how in the slit experiment each electron passes through both slits at the same time. In this video they show the electron passing through just one slit at a time. Can you make your mind up what is happening?
I think both are true.
Because even other sources show both.
Ohhh, really, how can you possibly shut one single electron out of this thing? They are immensely small! How can you even see them on that board behind the barrier? Please, explain this to me.
Particles do not behave like wave when they are not moving.
It's the movement of the particle that causes the wave and the frequency of that wave
is proportional to the speed of the particle.
That sounds highly sensible to me. But it implies that you can know both the position and the momentum of a particle and goes against the quantum beliefs in many ways.
And when you take into account of the 'fact' that motion is relative, that creates chaos in the religion of modern physics.
debunkingrelativity.com/2014/03/22/revamping-wave-mechanics/
drgsrinivas, some of your theory reminds me of Jim Schofield's empty photon theory. www.e-journal.org.uk/shape/papers/s03home.html
The vacuum mechanics theory is also similar.
www.vacuum-mechanics.com/
Well, I have a lot of reading to do on your website.
Thanks, Rene
Rene, Thank you very much for the great links. It just felt like rediscovering myself over there. I think if one's mind doesn't give up rational thinking, and doesn't yield and 'succumb' to the weird teachings of the 'authorities' of knowledge, one would invariably arrive at the same logical conclusion sooner or later and experience the ultimate reality.
Not a physicist but it seems to me that when we talk about waves in the ocean or sound waves, we are really talking about interactions between huge numbers of larger objects such as molecules or even small life forms. In a sense, the molecules can be thought of as being rather large particles.
When physicists discuss particle/wave questions involving subatomic objects, the waves are just looked at as part of some strange duality that exists within particular objects. How do they know that the waves in question don't involve huge numbers of some sorts of _sub__#sub__#particles_ that are just way to small for us to detect?
And I never understood all the arguments about how looking involves consciousness and reality. Do we really need to look to change the reality? It seems to me that detection is the issue and not the observation. If we detect and do not look at the results, particles will still be detected.
If I'm confused, I would appreciate it if someone can tell me what I'm missing.
No, that's not what physicists are talking about. :-)
@@schmetterling4477 (-:
The central mystery is why it matters whether humans are aware of the electrons or not. That’s the crazy part.
You forgot one thing, the Tesla theory of ether. Dipoles of energy particles that set up around the electrons that cause that wave, the electrons do not cause the wave. The magnetic fields set up around the electrons by the ether, keep the electrons in their specific orbits and keep them from spiraling into the nucleus. Electrons do not emit photons, the magnetic field around the electron emits photons. It is the ether flow around electrons that allow electricity to flow and motors to work. And it causes gravity.
مستر محمود مجدي، حبيبي حبيبي❤❤❤❤
what surprises me that electron behaves like particle when being watched... how is that ?!
Quantum consciousness! My simplistic view point. The Universe is alive!
That's happening because when we try to watch the particle, we have to measure it we some kind o detector. To detect something we have to shoot photons to the electron. So when the photon hits the electron, it changes electron energy and place and then it behaves like a particle :)
It has nothing to do with it "being watched". This was an early hypothesis that has since been thrown out long ago. But it makes for catchy pop science that is easy for the masses to digest.
What is really happening is that quantum particles (or waves) are so small, and carry so little information, that trying to extract information about them, like their position in space, momentum, energy level or anything else, changes this very information about the particle you're trying to extract. Imagine having a huge field with a football in it, rolling across the grass. Observing where the football is, or the direction it's moving in, or what color it is, by shining photons on it, and having those photons reflect back into your eye, isn't an issue. Unless the football is the size of an electron. Now even a single photon will change the footballs' position, direction and momentum when you hit it. And this is not a fault of our equipment not being advanced enough, this is a fundamental truth about the universe. The bare minimum of information needed to define objects means that extracting that information, causes them to "not exist" or change into a different object.
@@Kleaz80 no lol thats not true. Stop living in dreams.
@@Kleaz80 That's Pseudoscience.
they said 'pieces into place' i said 'all too well' (by tay swift)(autumn leaves falling down like *pieces into place* ")
Im so hooked in this wave-particle on light i need answersss im so confused 😂
Everything is wave and it has infite possibilities and when seen through an instrument its seem something else, that instrument is anything including your body .
If there are infinite instruments, infinite world can be seen in that wave.
This video confirms Tesla as the all time genius.
And what was his contribution to quantum physics?
Ion Absolutely none. Tesla was a visionary and a genius, but he wasn't this "supergenius rejected by the world" that invented "free energy" bullshit that Tesla fans love to tell themselves.
tesla was more into the current and magnetism field of physics than into the Quantum mechanics field. Infact there was no quantum mechanics in his time
Standard conspiratard claim.
@@BlackInMind5 as far as I know he said something like if you want to know the secrets of the universe look in the direction of waves and frequencies
Can anyone explain the relation between heat, IR radiation and how it fits into the modern atomic model? Is IR radiation a thing of the nucleus, electrons or both?
Infrared is just light, but in a wavelength we cannot see. Just like normal light, IR is carried by photons, created when an electron falls down the orbits inside an atom.
Xray, UV, wifi, bluetooth, 3g and microwaves are just different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (also known as light). :)
Thank you :) But the thing that i dont uderstand is actually: If everything that has some heat in it spontaneously emits IR wavelengths, does it mean that any lattice above absolute zero has excited electrons falling to lower energy states? The same thing goes the othwer way, if i heat a crystal and its atoms wiggle around a bit more, or if i heat a gas and the kinetic energy of its atoms inrease, was it due to electrons jumping to higher states?
Rudolf Droberjár Well, yes and no. When a Gas (or any form of Matter) gets warmer, it's because of the stronger movement of the Atom itself. But thsi stronger movement causes the electrons to jump into higher energystates. It uses enrgy from the bouncing around of the object. But it doesnt work the other way around. You can have a cold atom and have its electrons in a very high state of energy. They wont speed up the atom but will just send out light (in verious frequencys). Does this make it clearer?
Yes it does. Thanks a lot :)