History vs. Christopher Columbus - Alex Gendler
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- čas přidán 12. 10. 2014
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Many people in the United States and Latin America have grown up celebrating the anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s voyage. But was he an intrepid explorer who brought two worlds together or a ruthless exploiter who brought colonialism and slavery? And did he even discover America at all? Alex Gendler puts Columbus on the stand in History vs. Christopher Columbus.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, animation by Brett Underhill.
"A hero in one era might become a villain in the next" 5 stars for that
CZcams hasn't had a star system for more than half a decade haha.
That is the type of people that get all judgmental about old heroes...
Half a decade? You mean 5 years, you drama queen hahaha
Colón is till a Hero
Alan Frederiksen he never be a hero for the natives
When u realize it’s the same dude doing all the voices...... and he is having a argument with himself
aha yeah... and if most ppl argued with themselves we would be living in a better or more civil society. Arguing against our initial contention reduces biases and helps see different perspectives and in turn, it helps get a bigger picture of what the truth is; isn't that what we care about, the truth?
The NoMad nah u right
he's being us at 3 am
It’s called “thinking,” my friend.
Reminded me of those obscenely huge brain memes.
“Actually he was pretty bad even by old standards”. lmao that was the best part to me.😂
TBF Bartolome de las Casas was very ahead of his time w his compassion towards people society deemed as undesirables.
Tho I’d say it’s more of even Columbus should of known and not of been so repugnant
and that tells you everything you need to know fr
@@napalmpalermo6639 Casas hates Columbus.
@@napalmpalermo6639 Even the pope got angry at Columbus who definitely wasn't the most liberal, and the monarchs of Spain also trashed Columbus.
Bartolomé de las casas never even met Colombus. Most encomiendas in la hispañola began after he died.
As a person who has studied history in Latin America her whole life and now, has to pass U.S. History class, how conflicting persperctives of the same history events are, is absolutely mindblowing.
They discovered a document a few years by a guy claiming Columbus was bad. But no background for his story.
You should see how the Japanese study WW2
@@SeniorJr815 Germany handles it better!
@@SeniorJr815Indian students study the colonization and mutual rule from middle school to end of high school
@@RugaGGG India had plenty of opportunities to stand up for itself and gain its independence. Especially during WW2. But, like always, they rather serve their British masters and were too underdeveloped to lead themselves as a sovereign nation
I think the real problem is the judge, who can't seem to know anything about history or even his own work schedule
Total ignorance is probably the best way to remain completely impartial
"Order, order" 👨🏿⚖️
Nah he's a lad he would've probably developed his own biases if he did do his own research, that's why legal cases rely on plaintiffs and defendants making their own cases and not judges researching everything by themselves
really funny joke
I don’t think you’ve been keeping up with the series, perhaps you’re a new watcher. You’re actually meant to be the judge. The judge you see never really judges anything. The point is to pit two opposing sides of a story against one another. It’s as simple as that.
'Traditions change, and the way we choose to keep them alive says a lot about our values'. . 𝙎𝙤 𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚.
Liberals and commies trying to erase any tradition, what else is new
@@calypso The idea of liberals and commies "trying to erase any tradition" is laughable. Stop using liberals and commies as an insult and educate yourself on what "liberal/liberalism" and "communist/communism" actually means.
@@aab1254 I'm not surprised that people who say "libs/commies ruin the world through progress" don't even know the difference between the two
It is very strong quote.
As long as we dont forget the orgins of these traditions
I think it's pretty bad that he didn't mention the spread of diseases all over the continent, mostly suffered by the Mexicas, Mayans and Incas, which was the reason for all those deaths. And, the cultural integration of natives within Spanish and Portuguese territory. The genocide was carried on rather by British, French, Americans and other individuals who did it without asking the local ruler.
Mexico was not a thing yet my friend.
@@kingbaguette1843 Mexico is a historic name given to that region by the native peoples, the country is named after the name the Aztecs called the region.
@@yodef6828 I am aware. Mexican as a concept did not exist before 1821 when the land which before was called New Spain gained its independence and was renamed Mexico. As for the Aztecs, they referred to themselves as Mexicas. A 16th century Aztec would be called a Mexica not a Mexican. A Mexican is someone who is a citizen of the nation state of Mexico. Important difference
@@kingbaguette1843 Mexicas is exactly the word I used.
@@kingbaguette1843he means Mesoamerica as a geographical and cultural region when he says Mexico
If you interpret "discover" as "to take the cover off of something" then Columbus did just that since his voyages resulted in numerous European powers heading west. Regardless of who got there first, the end result was going to be the same; the natives had no chance against smallpox.
Exactly, people confuse the fact that something can be discovered more than once.
The printed word didn't exist when the Vikings went back to Europe from North America. The scribes were part of the hierarchy controlling information.
Columbus as a man is not the issue . The voyage was the important thing because it brought the 2 halfs of the globe together. Maybe the most significant event in human history.
I do not think that the Natives really count as having known that the Americas were there. They knew they were on land of course but they did not really know what that meant in the sense that we do, even the Norse did not understand the importance of what the found; Columbus was the first person to see it who understood the significance of that land in a wider context which I think makes him the discoverer.
@Doctah History I believe he thought he was in India to begin with,hence the name INDIANS.
Why do they not mention the fact Columbus never made it to North America , the closest they believe he got was Cuba...
Yeh, I thought the same thing. Like he just made it to the Caribbean.
He did make it to continental America via today's Panama when he was pardoned by the Spaniard kings and given a ship to go loot some more
On his fourth voyage he hit Central America.
He colonized the island of Hispañola basically what is Dominican Republic and Haiti today.
@@lct7192000 yes, I'm from Dominican Republic. For us that is 4th grade history
Lets not forget that Columbus died thinking he travelled to Asia, it was not until Amerigo Vespucci started mapping the area and realized it was not India but a whole New World, thanks to him we now call this continent "America".
Actually this continent Is North America. America is a country not a continent
Micheal Keene I can tell you are from USA by your ignorant comment -_-
Micheal Keene Ever heard of the Americas.. It is separated in 3... North America, South America and Central America, all belonging to one big America or The Americas, which ever you prefer.
+jman6866 Yes it is one big America, however the continent isn't America which you seem to know it's just the original comment says the continent
Micheal Keene In most countries you are taught America is the continent and N. America, S. America and C. America are it's subdivisions
I like that the only defense they had for celebrating Columbus Day was “cause we wanna”
Christopher Columbus Never Existed he was a myth invented by England in 1641
You clearly didn't listen to the video.
Americans love shifting blame. They decided to attack Columbus Day so that they may have a scapegoat to point to when asked where the millions of natives on their territory went. This all sounds like a ploy to me. Instead of helping the natives by disbanding reservations and giving them at least some of their land back, they choose to blame one guy and hide behind the facade of "Indigenous People's Day" which just seems like a half hearted attempt to relate to the people that have been oppressed for centuries by the Americans (and still are).
This, of course, applies to the Mexicans, Canadians and the rest too.
@@kevinboros7427 2 things can be true. Yes American colonists and subsequent Americans slaughtered natives and moved them to desolate reservations. And it is a crime against humanity that we should never stop addressing. But that doesn’t mean that Columbus should suddenly be celebrated. Just because one group of people destroyed natives and their culture doesn’t make another group of people doing the same thing any better. Your comment is utterly foolish.
@@Janthdanl I’m neutral on this matter but defenders’ of Columbus point is that while Columbus was a murderous enslaving tyrant, that’s not what’s celebrated and that’s not what Columbus Day is about. Columbus Day is celebrating how he was the first European of his era to discover that the Americas existed. Btw, “cause we wanna” is the reason for ALL celebrations. Celebrations don’t do anything except make us happy.
“Why is celebrating Columbus so important to you”
Me: day off
Then have your cake and eat it too! Rename the holiday something like Crossover Day.
“Because it’s tradition” has got to be one of the worst widely used arguments ever.
@Z82 like I get it.... and I believe there’s a place for the argument and I believe there’s not a place for the argument
We can't forget our history, our traditions. There is an amazing book called “The Wall of Storms” made by Ken Liu. In it, there are discussions in that fictional world about philosophy and tradition. For example, maybe the way they used to live in another land has to change in this one, but the burial of the death? It may seem odd but that is tradition, we need to adapt and progress but not forget our roots, our origins
K.G What they try to meant in this video is simillar to the problem with Genghis Khan. You can't just assume one part or the other, yes, Genghis killed MILLIONS but also created a massive empire that in time brought decades of peace, tolerance and economic prosperity. On the other hand, Coloumbus did all of those horrible things but you have to admire his determination to cross the oceans!
General F Decades of peace, tolerance, and economic prosperity sounds a lot better than “Determination”
Appeal to tradition fallacy.
The defense for Columbus is really poor....
Robb_Stark because he's basically indefensible. The people who were in charge of the Spanish Inquisition were so horrified by his crimes they had him arrested.
Winston_KillDeath
I agree totally but why do this episode at all? The man is a monster.
Robb_Stark because the prosecution was right.
because people actually believe some of the things the defense said which is sad and ignorant.
this time I am with the thin lawyer.
It's intresting to see history from different viewpoints. The thing that disturbs the narration is the mention of the king of Spain when it was the Queen of Castille at that time married to the king of Aragon who decided to support Christopher Columbus.
The reason everyone thought Columbus was nuts was not because they thought the world was flat, but because Columbus was claiming that the world was about 12,000 miles around instead of the ~25,000 miles around they all knew it to be after Erastothenes did the math in around 350 BCE. It would be like someone saying they were going to get to the moon using a really big stepladder.
^^
thexalon Thats is true but he didn't even really discovered continental America he only discovered a couple of islands in the Caribbean and he died before the Continents of North and South America were discovered by European's. also mind you by Discovered I mean that when European's found out they existed, people were living there already when European's first landed on them.
Yer analogy is away off..The circumference of the earth at the equator 'latitude' is about 24,900..which makes up approx 10% of the Earth's distance to the moon (approx 239,000 miles) The stepladder example is at the very least an over exaggeration and only someone who was nuts would agree with that.
Trev Mac You are obviously missing my point: Columbus' plan sounded just as crazy to the scientists of Europe.
oh okay
"Celebrating genocide"
Thanksgiving: Am I a joke to you?
Fizz Atomic I thought thanksgiving. Celebrated when the native Americans prevented settlers from starving to death in Plymouth, probably something they would regret latter tbh
Thanksgiving was the light in the darkness of colonialism.
The "Pilgrims", who are more accurately called Sepratists, held up their end of the bargain on the treaties and was genuinely friendly with the natives.
The later Puritans were the ones who disregarded the treaties put in place and activly persecuted the Natives, and influenced the grandchildren of the settlers of Plymouth to do the same.
It is celebrating the time we could get along despite differences in culture and religion, before all of that was changed with religious fanaticism.
@M T how is celebrating one of the few times Native Americans and Europeans saw eye to eye wrong?
Thanksgiving was the peaceful time, the genocide was later. but still yeah
I don't think you guys understand the actual history of Thanksgiving XD
Could you please tell me about the sources you used? I've got a presentation for my 13.grade and I need this sources to prepare it. And thank you for the video, I love it. ✨
Source: political rival and man who usurped power from
him and got him arrested.
A source which Columbus said was viscous libel to the day he died.
Thanos: I wiped 50% of whatever life I knew
Columbus: you were saying?
Thanos: o__o
Thanos: I wiped 50% of whatever life I knew
Colombus: "You gotta pump those numbers up, those are rookie numbers"
@@barel8741 columbus doesnt wipe out nothing... Most native americans died from diseases
@@yoroshikuonegaishimasu8649 nah bro, they literally enslaved, killed, rap3d, tortured and beaten, and when they got the deases, the american just left them alone, tell me how in shor span of time 90% is dead??
@@barel8741 which Americans? You mean the slaughter of Native Americans in North America? Colon never came to northamerica nor was he alive at that time.
the spanish did not kill most of the indigenous people, they only subdued them.
@@yoroshikuonegaishimasu8649 Europeans brought those diseases in the Columbian Exchange. Unlike the Europeans the natives had little to no immunity. Imagine someone with covid walking up to you and coughing on you. Not very pleasent is it.
Next should be "History Vs Winston Churchill". While he did lead Britain against the Nazis during WWII, he committed failures (like Gallipoli, a major military disaster) and atrocities (like the Bengal famine, one of the worst incidences in human history) that are often brushed aside.
Incog Elbowtross he didn't cause the Bengal famine
Incog Elbowtross he just did not help
@@mickeyman9431 he tried to help but there were complications.
He did not try at all, he blamed the Bengalis for "breeding like rabbits". Churchill was a tyrant.
@@adamkeasey655 he tried but he couldn't feed them. Canada offered wheat but Canada would've had to travel all the Pacific. It would've taken months and there was danger of Japanese attack. He wanted Australia to help because at least it would take weeks, but Australia tried it's best. And there's no document or recording of him saying that.
"Because it's tradition." America in a nutshell.
Columbus was much more than what these twats say.
you should be happy America was not discovered by some arab or chinese
The Chinese did sail along the west coast and sold the maps they made to the Europeans, Columbus used those maps to support his request for funding his expedition to find a way through the New World over to Asia.
I'm pretty sure Arab or Chinese would be better never heard of Arabs doing genocides on tribes
Never heard of Arabs enslaving and committing genocide? Well now you will. Search the white genocide, the Arabs were actually the ones that have enslaved most people in History, even more than the black enslaved (by other African black kingdoms), and sold to Europeans to work in America. And I am not even talking about their continuous invasions over Europe for centuries. They had to be stopped in France, Spain, Italy, Greece... And the Ottomans even reached Wien.
First of all your way off topic if you actually read my comment I said Chinese and Arabs wouldn't genocide innocent tribes also where did you pull that bulkshit slave thing from in no way shape or form did Arabs have more saves than any Europeans please just leave don't respond with this bullshit anymore not going to argue with on things way off topic and has nothing to do with my comment
Links to historical facts or references would be a plus.
I will write a class test about that and I haven’t learnt for this class test yet. I’m German and have to write a class test in english, I could cry
Do not source from here. These are continuations of lies
@@combatgirl38 I go a 5+( E+), because I was ill, when I wrote this class test. And I could concentrate.
Between CPG Grey and this channel I've learned more about history than all my k-12 years combined.
you learned what they wanted you to learn and they are not very honest people.
+Lok Olm That's just your opinion
I know right
+Haunted Melon
It's a true opinion, though. Those who set up the school board's education specifically re-word things or leave certain things out to keep us ignorant of certain things. _Many_ of my teachers have even told me that the things they're teaching are oftentimes biased and some things are falsified.
I was talking about Lok Olm
Columbus convinced the Queen of Castille, not the King of Spain as Spain didn't politically exist yet.
Mac McJof 1
He was sent in the name of the Crown of Castile, Isabel's kingdom. Spain was a de facto nation under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, but it wasn't a de jure nation until 16 January 1716 with the last of the Nueva Planta decrees.
Welcome to CZcams culture
With that statement they were just portraying what they used to teach at schools which was incorrect, just as most of the other concepts about Columbus.
@@desireepetitdemurat8660 Not incorrect, just derived from different lights. Columbus' friends often wrote about him being friendly and an advocate of the natives, while his opponents wrote the opposite.
Such an amazing series
"Educated people knew the world was round since Aristotle."
Me: searching for a flat-earther comment I can't find.
Go to CPAC website
0:06 when you are trying to teach things about colombus but your mom is sleeping next door
Haha
Bots.
I don't get it
@@spidergoblin. Because he is speaking low tone voice so he won’t wake up her mom , I believe so?
true
I can think of several other Italians who are far more deserving of celebration than Colombus. Why not celebrate Galileo or da Vinci? Or change it to Amerigo Day for Amerigo Vespucci, since America's name is derived from his.
+Phil Lewis Seeing this kind of comments is just frustrating, I will copy and paste a comment i just made to not repeat the same shit again:
DO NOT BELIEVE THIS SHIT IT IS AL PURE BULLSHIT!
Colombus didn't do any of the atrocities mentioned above, in fact you are quoting something he said in 1508, colombus actually died in 1506. This is a huge misinformation. The conquest of America began after his death, colombus didn't even know he had found a new continent. Americo Vespuccio was actually the one to realize that what columbus had discovered was actually another continent. Also he didn't search for a new route because it was faster, in fact, going to america was far more slower. The trade route to eastern asia was blocked, therefore countries tried to go through new routes in order to get to eastern asia, for example portuguese went south, to south africa and then north again going through the indic ocean. Columbus decided to go around the globe. All the atrocities and deaths you mention weren't columbus fault, he just spread the word that there was a new way to get to asia, in fact, he traded gold with the natives, he didn't stole anything or used natives as slaves. Invasions started in 1511 so i don't know how bartolome de las casas wrote in 1494 about slavery mines and all that stuff. In latin america we call it "dia de la rasa" not because colombus is a jerk, but because colombus arrival represents the first mixture between different races. However, after his death, conquerors DID all those atrocities mentioned, but colombus had nothing to do, and if your argument is something like "Because he (notice the inverted commas) "discovered" America, the conquerors knew about america and killed many natives" well then that is like saying that Hitlers grandmother is responsible for the holocaust. Damn that fucking granny is responsible for us getting in this shit
johnny4president Hitler's grandmother didn't demand gold from the inhabitants of Hispaniola. Colombus is far from spotless, but you choose to ignore what he actually did on those islands. Go look up "La monteria infernal" for just one example.
+johnny4president I'll listen to you bullshit when they make a day for fucking Hitler
Like I said on another comment you made
+Phil Lewis because Amerigo never even visited North America. Amerigo Vespucci explored SOUTH AMERICA and in fact, in the first time the continent was named after him, in the Waldsemüller Map, the word AMERICA was written over SOUTH AMERICA.
+Phil Lewis Da Vinci and Galileo should be celebrated. More importantly Galileo he got tortured and executed just so we could know that Earth revolved around Sun.
'Our grandparents and great-grandparents the chance to move here and start a better life'
me, a kiwi: Huh?
@@zahste1442 I meant Kiwi as in New Zealander, not Kiwifruit, oh well though!
''You either die a hero or live long enough to see yourself become the villain"
Colombo was never a hero to begin with, he lived bad and after he died got worse
@@laurabrand6167 I guess you're an Indian then
He died a villain, then he was made a hero post-humous in the 20th century out of convenience then those darn primary sources came back and yeeted him back into villain status..... where he belongs.
@@lascellesellis5293 Was actually late 1800s that the holiday was started, after a very public mass lynching of Italians, became a source of pride for the Italian Americans of the time. The sources on Columbus also vary, as most of the sources used nowadays were from his political opponents of the time. So its like learning about Hillary Clinton from a book written by Trump.
@@lascellesellis5293 primary sources? You mean by his political opponents?
First video where I agree with the thin lawyer lol
same
Well it's wrong anyway
Albert _ FKS what about the lenin video?
I agree with him every single time.
Same
Actually did you know that 398 years after the Norse Vikings and Leif Eriksson's voyage's in 1000 AD, in 1398 Scottish-Norwegian Nobleman, Henry Sinclair lead a Knights Templar sponsored expedition to what is now today Nova Scotia and Massachusetts 94 years before Columbus and the European Colonisation of North America in 1492.
I guess they just never bragged about it.
And what did it cause? Nothing? Then it was great finding for sure! It's like saying ancient Greeks discovered steam power.
"Wait, am I even supposed to be at work today?"
Man, I can relate to that judge.
Me in 2018:am i ev3n supposed to be in school today?
humbleinfinity he's the real victim here
Me too
@@BeaverChainsaw Me in 2022: Am I even supposed to be alive at this point?
1:40 I love the emphasis on "educated"
Colombus convinced the queen of Castille (there was no Spain yet)
Well, the dinastic union between Fernando and Isabel, the Catholic Kings, can indeed be considered the very beginnings of the concept of "Spain"
@@josechacon2472 But who funded his trip was Castile, not Spain.
Or India.
@@josechacon2472 The concept of Spain goes way back to the Visigoths.
Didn't the people in Spain think that the world was larger than Christopher predicted? Not that it was physically flat? The Greeks knew better than to say the world was flat... I remember this whole thing very differently than you propose so I'm a bit skeptical...
You have it backwards. Christopher Columbus incorrectly thought the world was more than half the size of what was known at that time. If the Americas did not exist, everyone in his voyage would have likely died at sea.
Columbus was working with the known world map (or old world map) which as both of us said, is less than the predicted size of the Earth by the Spanish officials, so, yes the voyage was predicted to kill the crew.
Though I'm wonder why we still teach this version were Columbus is the only person to have thought that the world was round. cX again, the Greeks knew the Earth was round back in the bronze age. Why do we keep bending history around?
Sulli11 The old world map was actually fairly accurate when it came to the size of the Earth. It was Christopher Columbus who was claiming that the Earth was much smaller than it actually is.
WE SAID THIS FOUR TIMES NOW. cX I can't help but laugh, we are on the same page.
Sulli11 I think I figured out your comment now. I thought you were claiming the Spanish didn't know the size of the world and that Columbus predicted the right size.
"Equality is important guys! You know, if you can pay for it!" - Americans
Derpasaurusrex1 haaa
Derpasaurusrex1 when? because Columbus was Spanish
Uh...no he wasn't.
Derpasaurusrex1 He wasn't?
Italian
Bro it is the first time I visit this channel just searching for information but I realize it's soooooo good.
It’s all lies
Thanks for this very helpful for my schoolwork.
"Wait am I supposed to even be at work today?"
That put a smile on my face
Lol I love it
Our government gotta make up reasons for days off, otherwise we wouldn't have any.
"You are going to hear a lot in school about European 'explorers' and colonists. Now as adults you will realize these men were basically genocidal lunatics, but for now enjoy thinking about them as thrilling adventurers and discoverers."
- John Oliver
+U PC Bro? At least I'm not the base of centuries of exploitation and oppression, I just benefit greatly from it. :D
What's up your ass?
I guess this is why I have never heard of John Oliver
Puglous Sure; let's forget the Scramble for Africa, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, the Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs and Incas, the Opium Wars, the Genocide in the Belgium Congo, or European Imperialism in general. Let's pretend that no one ever has done anything bad in history.
Just because a few men opposed or did not add to it does not make centuries of exploitation any less real. History isn't built by a few men, it merely blames them.
+Chandler Hull Seeing this kind of comments is just frustrating, I will copy and paste a comment i just made to not repeat the same shit again:
DO NOT BELIEVE THIS SHIT IT IS AL PURE BULLSHIT!
Colombus didn't do any of the atrocities mentioned above, in fact you are quoting something he said in 1508, colombus actually died in 1506. This is a huge misinformation. The conquest of America began after his death, colombus didn't even know he had found a new continent. Americo Vespuccio was actually the one to realize that what columbus had discovered was actually another continent. Also he didn't search for a new route because it was faster, in fact, going to america was far more slower. The trade route to eastern asia was blocked, therefore countries tried to go through new routes in order to get to eastern asia, for example portuguese went south, to south africa and then north again going through the indic ocean. Columbus decided to go around the globe. All the atrocities and deaths you mention weren't columbus fault, he just spread the word that there was a new way to get to asia, in fact, he traded gold with the natives, he didn't stole anything or used natives as slaves. Invasions started in 1511 so i don't know how bartolome de las casas wrote in 1494 about slavery mines and all that stuff. In latin america we call it "dia de la rasa" not because colombus is a jerk, but because colombus arrival represents the first mixture between different races. However, after his death, conquerors DID all those atrocities mentioned, but colombus had nothing to do, and if your argument is something like "Because he (notice the inverted commas) "discovered" America, the conquerors knew about america and killed many natives" well then that is like saying that Hitlers grandmother is responsible for the holocaust. Damn that fucking granny is responsible for us getting in this shit
+U PC Bro?
cultural marxism and sjw, trump!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Judge: "am i supposed to be at work today?"
Prosecutor: " yes your honor"
Idk if prosecutor can forced the judge to go to work
The format with the court is great!
"he found something better than India". LOL
@S K on the contrary seems you are the one triggered
Get a joke and a life
@S K How is he triggered? He just laughed at the joke.
@S K he wasn't triggered he was just joking
@@harmanjotsingh4230 crazy deluded guy he is🤦♂️
@Sleep Walker why coz they're smarter than you?😂
I had to come back & watch this video as people are destroying his statues.
omnivore gains I don’t disagree, id like to point out both sides of his history should be taught. What he achieved was impressive especially for the time, but also he did a lot of horrible things. That should also be condemned. You can’t erase history but instead you should learn from it. In regards of the statues. I have no problem seeing them come down, I would like to see it voted on or partitioned etc. However what’s happening whether I like the statues or not, is a felony & criminal. Kowtowing to the mob only emboldens them. And I cannot get behind that, even if I do agree with why it’s being torn down.
HAHAHAHHAH Lack of reading!
Danger Noodle they should keep them in museums for historical purposes and not in the streets.
Vonn De Vera I could agree to that.
Yes when people say preserve history they can read several well written books and in twenty years looks at the remains of statues in museums
The one problem with this is that the good guy has mostly wrong info and the bad guy has completely correct info. This is why you need reliable sources
They're not just bad and good guys they're the prosecutor and the defendant.
How would you even know that
czcams.com/video/7N7q5rMzjU0/video.html
From what I have read, Columbus was initially friendly and then left crew in the Americas and returned to Spain. Then on his subsequent return to the Americas found the crew had started raiding and enslaving natives. He ultimately went along with it himself and perpetuated it. It is not better, but as I understand he did not actually enslave the first people he met there. That said, it is incredibly sad. Often seems like most of the history of humanity is sad. 😞
Thats's not hisyorically acurrate (completly?
Columbus did not ultimately go along with enslaving the natives as you say. He sent some 500 POWs back to Spain in chains. These were captives taken from the hostilities that ensued upon the return of Columbus and his discovery of the killing of all his men left behind. War ensued, the natives lost and 500 of them were taken prisoner and treated as was the custom at the time...slavery.
@@tomassmith1519 Even the often quoted statement referenced in this video where Columbus apparently states something along the lines of, "These people are innocent and would make good servants." is a misquote of multiple layers of translations from a journal that might not even be genuine. The full quote and more accurate translation is that the people are intelligent and would make good servants... to Christ. He was speaking of conversion, not enslavement.
I recommend a video by "Knowing Better" on youtube titled something like "In Defense of Columbus." It's a good video. I don't particularly like the channel owner though. He pretends to be a moderate but is not. A moderate is in the middle. He holds views of the left and right on different subjects. He is mixed politically, not a moderate.
@@lostbladder Well I guess we can all agree that this guy was not exaclty good, but a lot of lies where made up about him
@@lostbladder Well I find the Knowing Better guy likeable.
Wait.... Cholombus didn't find North America. He only found islands
Yeah, he found islands, he didn't find anything in America. History teachers lied to you.
RNG The Islands are part of the Americas
Not exactly, in his 3rd voyage he managed to arrive in Belize, so he arrived to mainland Americ
A free Watermeloneee That’s still the continent of North America
Your teacher are brainwashing you
"Knowing better" did an awesome job at covering this topic!
Actually they did a terrible job. Why uses google translate on 15th century Spanish? It's all badly researched apologism.
How can you watch both videos and this this one is more convincing? My children are be brainwashed at school because of people like you. They are learning about the 58 genders in science AND english class...
@@hbadge22 Might be because I have a friend that can natively read Spanish and has read the original documents and is an expert on the history of the Americas. Might also be my university education on the subjects.
@@redwallzyl Where did you get your degree from ITT tech? Because Columbus original journal does not exist. All that there is are copies based on Bartolome de Las Casas translation.
Strategos Redwald I’m a native Spanish speaker and I love history, Knowing Better did well at translating what actually was said.
I am really into this series it's very entertaining .
I really appreciate the comment at the very end. As always, thank you for the video!
awwwww, you forgot to say he was using babies to feed dogs. :(
pretty much watch Ramsay Snow and then you have how Columbus probably behaved
Have any sources for that? Because that sounds like an exaggerated demonization
The link provided by that Huffington Post article says nothing about babies being used to feed dogs.
Ctrl+F is your friend man.
Ludovic Pasqualini
I know and I didn't find it.
This video makes a huge mistake in articulating the history of the Spanish conquest.
I’m not one to try and defend anything virtuous of how the Europeans handled themselves when they landed on the American continent, but everyone needs to understand that what killed the vast majority of the indigenous people in America was disease. Not conquest.
In 1492, nobody really understood germ theory all that well. Prior to this event, the Europeans had dealt with one horrific plague after another, and this lead to a population that was largely immune to many different horrific diseases. By the time the Europeans showed up to America, ANY contact with the native cultures would have led to millions of people dying all over the western hemisphere.
This video makes absolutely no mention of this. What a sham.
***** You would be correct. Explaining this phenomena is interesting. I highly recommend the book Guns, Germs and Steel which goes into great depth on this issue. I don't agree with all the conclusions of the author, but he did hit on some points that were a real eye-opener.
+Ike Evans
You're right that disease killed most of the natives, but lets not forget where that disease came from.
Smallpox, typhus, and other diseases were introduced from Europe. Earlier people dind't have a full understanding of germ theory, but they had a loose understanding of it: person A comes into contact with person B, Person B gets sick. Person A notices that people related to person B get sick when they conact their possessions.
Columbus didn't directly kill all these natives, but the people he brought (and spurred to come over) indirectly killed them.
Brandon Driver Once the Europeans set foot on the New World, they were immediately endangering the lives of almost everyone one the western hemisphere.
How was this to ever be avoided?
Ike Evans
Maybe it was unavoidable.
The New World was going to be discovered and exploited eventually.
The natives didnt have the technology to fend off the Europeans and neither did the natives that were killed by the future US govt.
This futility of outcomes doesnt change my criticism of Columbus. He was the first domino.
Brandon Driver Isn't it interesting that this video makes absolutely no mention of germ theory? If I were an ignoramous, I would assume that Columus et al. massacred the natives with the edge of their swords by the information presented in this video, like Nazi's on steroids. Yeah, the Spanish were bad, but not THAT bad. Failing to mention that the real tragedy of Columbus was an accident of natural selection is a demonstration of historical revisionism that I suspect is driven by an agenda of white guilt.
A lot of this misses some important details that could change how you can view the scenario. Some of it is flat out wrong, but it does get the basics down.
This dude's voice gives me life
The arguments to Columbus's side were sounding like they came straight from Donald trump.
+George Faseemo I like the fries
+George Faseemo Something makes me think Trump and Columbus would be great pals.
***** Lol
This made my day
+George Faseemo well, "he was a man of his time" is pretty much as good as it gets, but you can't really be too pissed at a sailor because he was an awful governor
It's not quite accurate to use the "a hero in one era may become a villain in the next" metaphor for Columbus, not because they were ok with what he did. It's because they were unaware. What he did was bad for any era.
Well, yeah. That’s the point. The quote isn’t saying he was an actual hero, it’s pointing out that he was VIEWED as one
It actually is accurate casuw the whole point if that statement is to show how different perspectives from different eras affect major historical figures. Someone who could have been genuinely good for the world will be viewed as a villain due to inaccurate and biased statements and someone who is all around horrible would've been viewed as a hero because of the mindset if the people during the era they were alive. Which is pretty much what happened with Christopher. He was a villain in all eras. But that doesn't mean he was VIEWED as a villain in all eras.
He wasnt bad
As a Latin America we studied Columbus as part of history (first Spanish agent to arrive) but not much from that. I am always surprised that the guy is so relevant in US considering that he and Spanish colonies had nothing to do with US. Well maybe that part that used to be Mexico?
@@nicoparise-jc5fshy American natives (from USA) hate him?
Blame Italian Americans. They wanted American to recognize Italians’ contributions to the founding of America.
To this, I agree... Festivals are important...reason to enjoy meet people live... And to some extent, everyone was involved...Food was rare and hard... Things are nice lets, understand we all came from the same tribe crossing paths in the journey through time!
history on the trail my favorite playlist of ted-ed
Hang on, no-one believed the world was flat in the 1400s.
Except for Christian
No, they didn't. It was a stereotype that came up during the Renaissance and later eras, but research implies it was nothing more than people trying to call other people stupid. Like saying "Americans think Belgium is a city." as a European. Actually, Christian Scholast Thomas Aquinus who was a very influential theologian in the 13th century used the Earth being round as a fact that everyone can agree on as a metaphor in his works. You just usually do not write down what you think everybody already knows if writing is so expensive per page.
The ancient Greeks thought the earth was disk-shaped. There was a body of water that constituted the middle (the Mediterranean), a disk of land surrounding that body of water (Europe, the Near East, and Africa), and more water surrounding the land.
+Atlas Broadshoulder It was an early Greek belief that can be seen in works like Homer's, but as early as the 6th century BC Pythagoras' circle of mystics claimed otherwise, with Aristotle finally making these discoveries more widely accepted in the 4th c. BC. Classical Greece embraced the theory of a spherical Earth.
Hardly anyone believed that except pagans and the very uneducated. Only one theologian surmised it was flat, a Greek monk named Cosmas who was never taken seriously. The issue was that it was bigger than Columbus said it would and the trip would take too long.
You’re in Canada we learn about people like Jacque Cartier in Samuel Champlain settling Canada. From early on though we were taught that the natives were there from beginning, and were told what Jacque Cartier did to the local natives.
Interesting, I’ve watched a number of these and this seemed one of the more open and shut cases. Glad that the more nasal lawyer isn’t always the one making the “standard” argument 👍
Not the king of spain but the queen.
True Isabella of Aragon was so shocked when she heard what he had done with the natives he was thrown in jail for a short time
Isabel was not "of Aragon", she was the "Castilla" part of the marriage in fact. So either of Spain (Castilla+Aragón) or just Castilla. In the Hispanic world she is most known as Isabel the Catholic, though.
Oh yes you are right, thanks for the correction :)
I knew this day would come...
We’ve been taught to praise a mass murderer
Slevin *laughs at ignorance*
QUEEN of CASTILLE
Sgt Josh Then it was the queen, Isabel la Católica, and not Fernando el Católico (who was king of Aragon), Columbus' journey was paid by the Crown of Castile
My great great grandmother on my mother's side immigrated to New York from Italy when she was 12. And my Grandfather's ancestors came to Louisiana from France during the American civil war.
So?
@@stikupartist3698 So what?
You can absolutely discover a place people are already living. Kids discover things that everyone else already knows all the time. Columbus, Leif Erikson, and probably early chinese explorers each discovered the americas *from the perspective of the old world cultures*. This is still the correct use of the word, and is still accurate given how the body of our accumulated knowledge came to understand the american continents.
Columbus was horrible, and not the first to visit the americas, but he really was the catalyst that brought back VERIFIABLE information about it which catalyzed expedition and colonization. I'm just tired of this worn out point about "discovery" that's wrong from the beginning.
I've also heard about Romans settling in America
Nowadays we judge people in the past with our point of view, most of the times avoiding the fact that context was incredibly different for them, really nice videos!
Bryan Jiménez uhm, no. So what is history? Basically racism was gud. Okay.
while historical context is a consideration when passing judgement, it's easy to forget that it's not the past anymore and modern standards shouldn't just be brushed under the rug and should dictate who we hail as a hero and who we consider a villain, even if they lived hundreds of years ago
@@grassytramtracks Then nobody is a hero, we're obviously better then everyone else that preceded us and nothing should be celebrated, which in turn will make us the villains for the future generations with different sensibilities. What an entitled way to look at history.
The world, in its history, has gone through multiple ice ages, mass extinctions, etc. Some may look at climate change as inevitable, however the concern isn't so much that there is climate change, rather the concern is the rapid rate in which changes are occurring.
On a similar vein; the internet has brought about social change. Just like the climate, social change naturally occurs over time. It's not simply a concern over social change, rather its the rate of social change that is concerning.
This ever increasing rate of social change has forced society to rethink our histories, and in an increasing amount of cases, delete, or at least modify, those histories. In many cases, such as with Columbus, those histories are modified as a means to vilify an individual and pin the blame of centuries of atrocities on him.
By all means, drop Columbus day, however do so under the pretense that it's just an outdated benign holiday. Don't butcher the historical importance based off shoddy research and a tendency to point fingers.
@@hullie7529 I don't think so. Even if I don't personally like the idea of having a "hero" at all cost, there are a lot of historical people that hold on at the modern standard or at least hold on better then others. For example, there where a lot of activists (for example against slavery) that hold on at the modern standard (especially compared to Colombo).
I think Colombo can't be considered a hero because he was not only against our standard, but even against the standard of his society. Plus the discovery of America was an accident, and it America didn't existed he (and the crew) would have died for the thirst because Colombo calculeted the circumference of the Earth wrong (other living in the same time where more close to the right circumference).
Sorry if I misspelled something, but English isn't my first language.
Never cared much for Colombus day, now I care even less.
He is a hero
@@billyjohns2113 i don't think after watch this video i don't think christopher columbus was an hero
Luigi Gaudelli which part exactly? :3
You should care. It is one of the most important moments of human history.
@@SleepDaMouse-xd8dn the title of this video is "History vs Christopher Columbus"after i watch this video look i like Christopher Columbus but after this video i doubt about that
Thank you. Thought provoking. 👍🏼
The end put it prefect, Villain that is what he was. Goes to show you that history always lies to you for the benefit of the ruling class of the era.
The intended purpose of Columbus day was to stop racism against Italians. It was declared a holiday after a very public mass lynching of Italian immigrants. That is the history of the holiday and what it represents.
Actually, Christopher Columbus didn't say the natives would make good slaves. The full quote says that the natives would make good Christians and servants. With this context, you can easily make the connection that he meant good servants of Christ, not himself. And he didn't write about how he could easily conquer and enslave them, he wrote about how easily he could hold the island under Spanish control while he left to return for Spain. He never mentions slavery. You're thinking about subjugation, which is different from slavery. Under subjugation, they would be under Spanish rule and brought into the feudal system. Yes, they would be forced to work for the crown, but they would still be free men and women. Nobody would own them. Nor could they be bought or sold.
And he also tortured and mutilated his own Spaniards for not bringing in enough gold.
And he didn't sell women into slavery, he only commented about the practice in one of his letters. In fact, he looked down on it, hence why he tortured Spaniards who were doing it.
And most importantly of all, all the information we have about Columbus is from a transcribed journal that has been translated into English. Everything Columbus "says" in that journal is not 1:1 exactly what he said. You should take everything that someone cites from his journal with a grain of salt, because he likely didn't say it like that. Including me. Make your own conclusions and don't be a mindless twit.
Yuck
You speak well and I agree with you but Christopher was actually Portuguese so he couldn't return there since he lived in Portugual, Lisbon
he was italian actually, he was born in genoa italy , and died in valladoid spain
What sources did you get this information from. You too Mufasa if you read this I just want to compare them.
Actually he does in a direct quote from a letter he wrote to Luis De Sant Angel he says that if the King and Queen wish he can send them "as many slaves as they choose to send for, all heathens." Earlier in the letter it is clear the heathens are the native population. He later even gets in trouble with the Queen for selling Indians into slavery without her permission.
am I the only one who's been binge watching these videos?
godofwar0678 I am! 👋🏻 I feel like I'm learning SO much 🙂
No
godofwar0678 yes
Nopeee
Me too
"A hero in one era might become a villain in the next" welp that pretty much sums up the entire dream smp
Accurate
Facts. Plus perspective of the character and you're own mindset.
5:18 Well then, take the day off! You can see all the fun at the theatre!
3:47 it's funny, because these accusations come from a letter Columbus wrote to his Spanish employers complaining that these deeds were being done by other Lord's in the colonies, not doing them himself.
Uhm. He was the governor. He was in charge. His letters also show what an avid slaver he was. Back then ofc more of a problem was his tyrannical actions as a governor towards his subjects rather than the horrors he crafted for slaves.
@@paavohirn3728 "avid slaver" the man lived in the 15th century, calling him an "avid slaver" is pretty vague
@@snakey934Snakeybakey Avid could here mean that he did his best to sell his superiors the Spanish royals on receiving as many native slaves as possible. He also did his best to transport as many native slaves as he could over the Atlantic. On top he created the foundations of native slavery both as chattel slaves and via the encomienda system he developed.
@@paavohirn3728 good for him. I'm tired of this chronological snobbery where we judge 15th century men by 20th and 21th century standards.
@@snakey934Snakeybakey He doesn't have to be judged by modern standards as he was judged a tyrant who tortured, murdered and enslaved in a partucularly heinous degree during his own time. But you're right, by the standards of his time he seems to have been judged mostly for torturing, maiming and otherwise mistreating his own subjects. But he was also seen as particularly murderous and cruel towards the natives. People did have empathy even back in his day.
How many native american people or just people with native features can you find in North America? Aprox. 1/1,000
But in the old Spanish colonies you can see that many people have native features, if not the majority. Check Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico..., it's true that this doesn't happen with all the countries nowadays like Argentina but Argentina received a lot of inmigrants from Europe specially Germany and Italy.
Charby Ortega
They died from european illness not exterminated, that's very different. Stop lying :)
Ismael Escobar Amine I'm from DR, I don't need to lie. Illness was one of the factors of their extermination, but they were exploted in our mines ajd rivers which were full of gold. If you don't believe me read about Fray Anton de Montesino and the battle in " El Fuerte de la Navidad". Also. if you want read about the ones who ruled after Columbus, like his son Diego or Nicolas de Ovando. I have no need to lie, I don't how things were in other spanish colonies but in La Hispaniola native were erradicated.
C R , The British started the most successful free lands in the world. Don’t be envious mate. The cream always rises to the top.
American natives died in mass from diseases and huge amounts of immigrants came to America throughout its entire history, that’s how you get 1/1000.
I find it hard to believe that someone else wouldn’t have done exactly what he did soon after that time. It’s the Age of Exploration, right? There were many countries and people coming up with new ideas and... exploring. Surely he Columbus wasn’t literally the only person to consider sailing around the world to get to India, right? Someone else would have done it and it wouldn’t take too long.
Sure, he IS the one that actually did it, but perhaps everyone would be better off if he wasn’t.
I’ll leave it at this: Christopher Columbus died believing himself to be a failure because he never actually did what he intended to do.
was he a bad person: yes
should he be forgotten: no
Should there be statue$ of him: no
and the bad things about him are precisely why he should be remembered, both great and terrible people in history should be remembered
That pretty much summed it up
@@pangaeaproximap.p4408 I think there can be, just in certain contexts. For example, in a museum. But not ones celebrating him as an individual to admire or look up to. Because he was not.
@@pangaeaproximap.p4408 yes*
Come on, the judge just wants a break, give him his day off!
come on, everybody knows christopher is actually from canada
@Egg T In Canada, we don't have Columbus Day, but we have Canada Day for when the UK gave Canada independence in a peaceful and just way to protect Canada from American Imperialism and Victoria Day, to celebrate the birthday of Queen Victoria who supported and brought up the idea of giving Canada independence. Because of her, we gained independence in 1867.
Also give the prosecutor his day off. The prosecutor and judge are the same every time.
Most people think that the Spanish empire killed all the people or subjected them to slavery. But I need to mention that, though a find it absolutely awful, When America was colonized the kingdom of Castile declared that the people from the Americas were inhabitants of the kingdom of Castile and that they should not be treated as slaves.
The kingdom created systems in which the Americans were not exploited and instead they brought Africans (which is awful) for working in the field.
Most of the religious communities that settle in America were Jesuists, a religious community that has always brought culture, education.
I am not defending the imposition of another culture over other, but that we cannot judge the colonization of 1492 as a colonization or conquest that can happen today, as they did not have the same morale as we have (or we should have) nowadays
yes those lovely Jesuits tortured and killed thousands in the conversion process to Christianity, the only culture they brought was Catholicism which still has Latin america fkd up to this day
Of course we should condemn the actions of Spaniards of 1492 with today's morality. Ignorance of morality is not justification to act immoral. If i steal from your home and give it to my children.
Your children would have 100% moral grounds to claim what was taken from you. Regardless if my children knew of what i did .
Regardless if my children claim that i was a man of my time.
People like Columbus definitely change history but we should make it clear the ends do not justify the means. He was a horrible human being. Historians need to stop being offended by that...
And yes i read the part where you say you are not defending Spaniards.
But your entire first paragraph says otherwise.
Chance Whistler Nobody in Spain have “all that gold from Americas”... in fact at the end of the XIX century there were countries in latinamerica richer than Spain. That typical latin american mentality is irrational.
@@ccdiez8326 Have you not seen the movied The Mision ? the Jesuits were quiete good and opened many universities in Hispanic-America. Then, your sentence is not right
Great video!
I know that this video full of wisdom words, hence, add more interest and plus to watch
In Argentina, we don't call it "Dia de la raza" anymore. Instead we call it "Dia de la diversidad cultural" (day of cultural diversity). I don't know the case of the others Latin American countries.
Cool
Sí, estoy orgullosa de ello. Al menos nosotros nos dimos cuenta de lo horrible que suena y lo que conlleva la palabra "raza" en este contexto.
I hate the "you can't judge historical figure X by the standards of today" argument, because you can. You have to understand their motives within their own historical context obviously, but I reject the carte blanche of "they just didn't know any better back then, so that makes it ok" entirely. It's not like the idea that people don't want to be killed or enslaved is radically new or unique to the modern era.
Ignorance must be bliss huh?
"Am I even supposed to be at work today?"
"Yes, Your Honor"
POWER MOVE
I've watched the Tamarlene, Cleopatra and Genghiz Khan before this Columbus episode. So i guess, that one guy would always talk about the positive side of the character, and the slimmer guy would always talk on the negative aspect of the character.
When I compare it how the attorney defended Genghis Khan, it seems very odd and politically driven.
After watching History vs Genghis Khan I think Columbus’s defense attorney could have done a better job 😆
Ted talks are left leaning so inherently are going to be biased against Columbus.
Also seemed to me. Forgot to mention that most of these 3 millions died through deseas. His impact on modern history was completely forgotten. This narrative was hardly driven by politics.
At least Genghis Khan is actually cool.
@@jeffreygao3956And Columbus isn’t? Sailing across the Uncharted ocean took A LOT of balls.
@@kingstarscream320 Micheal Knowles is wrong about Columbus and always will be. The Arawak were unfairly subjugated and barely had a chance with Stone Age tech.
I don't know why Aristotle and the Greeks are credited with making the discovery of the earth being round. It was Aryabhat and Indians a century before.
nobody cares..
but did they prove it?
HSC MUFC Because Europeans aka the people we are talking about did not learn it from Indians. Like how you would not say somthing like the Calvary Charge was not invented by one person but rather by many people in different regions.
+Edo Fluit: Yes. Many mathematicians have credited Aryabhat for the discovery.
It was actually Pythagoras, not Aristotle who convinced that the Earth is round. Eratosthenes was the first to prove and create his own model of the world. Aristotle provided the theory and studied the law behind it. Of all the philosophers Aristotle was the most gifted, he was a scientist and a philosopher.
It’s worth noting that a vast amount of the accusation against Columbus were levied against him by his successor. It’s possible it was exaggerated for political gain.
It was also recorded by a Pope who was a first hand witness lol
@@Shottamanrambo Please give references. I don't recall ever hearing of a pope hanging out with Columbus
The pope? Lmao. Please elaborate.
Por favor visiten el museo de la casa de indias en Sevilla donde pueden leer todos los diarios, y verificar por si mismo el nivel de disparates que difunde este video. Gracias
I wish they would make more of this stuff. It’s really good! I like watching them.
Me too! It's time to change history and stop catering to the 1% Let's revolt!
Make History vs...
Richard Lionheart
Oda Nobunaga
Pericles
Leonidas
Robert Mugabe
Mao Zedong
Walt Disney
He didn't convince the King of Spain, he convinced the Queen of Castile. The video is not accurate at all. Indigenous people were put into reservations by English settlers in North América, not in SA. They were not enslaved. Spaniards married indigenous women.
In Colombus time yes, but Queen Isabel was so horroriside about it that imprision him and her grandchild King Carlos I/V make the encomienda to teach them.
The Spanish did enslave natives. And Brazil was one of the last nations to end legal slavery. All the European colonialist are war criminals.
Valmar Hispaniae Brazil was,under the Spanish Kings such as Filipe II,Filipe III and Filipe IV when they controlled Portugal
@@episdosas9949 Wasn't Brazil a Portuguese colony?
caRCH yeah queen Isabel technically had most of the power. King Ferdinand of course still had some power but the queen controlled diplomacy and the economy. And something else too. She held the real power. Also I think the defendant was terrible at providing his argument
Listened to rain ☔️ down on me in Belgium
"There's nobody here...excuse me, there's nobody hear..."
- Eddie Izzard
Idk a video by knowing better states that a preacher who didn't even meet chris was where we get this info.
Not really
This dude quoted some radical right wingers who whitewash the Spanish empire (the king, queen, colombus)
That was literally his source!!
For them everyone who spoke out against colombus' crimes is a grifter for some reason
But even the royals thought he went too far and imprisoned him.
Knowing better even used Google translater to translate colombus' diaries????
It was a desperate attempt to defend a dictator
I suggest watching this video czcams.com/video/OaJDc85h3ME/video.html
So many historical inaccuracies are so casually put forth in this video...
Dodge Chance like
@@plasticonos implying he committed mass genocide of hundreds of thousands if not millions, which were the result of disease
@@plasticonos bartolome de las casas never even saw columbus
Hi.For a new video can you do History VS Sultan Suleiman
Man I'm learning more about philosophy, history and important personal on Ted education than I did in university 😌...... actually I'm a Chemistry grad student
Nice