History vs. Egypt’s "most powerful" pharaoh - Jessica Tomkins
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- čas přidán 17. 01. 2024
- Pharaoh Ramesses II presided over a golden age of Egyptian prosperity- but was he a model leader or a master of propaganda?
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Pharaoh Ramesses II reigned for almost 70 years in the 13th century BCE. He presided over a golden age of Egyptian prosperity, power, and wealth. But was he a model leader or a shameless egomaniac and master of propaganda? Jessica Tomkins puts this controversial figure on trial in History vs. Ramesses the Great.
Lesson by Jessica Tomkins, directed by Brett Underhill, PorkchopBob Studio.
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If we are really putting people on trial, I'd like Churchil to be held accountable for the Bengal Famine. We haven't forgotten nor forgiven anything, Britain.
Yes I agree, Churchill is a Mass Murderer
British Empire is responsible for causing so many horrors in the Bengal and wider subcontinent it’s insane 💀
Didn’t Japan invade parts of British controlled India during that time around Bengal?
Spain and France did similar stuff, just on a smaller scale because they lost. Then you have the Axis Powers, Australia was a prison nation. Native Americans slaughtered each other in droves. Africa was a warlord nation. These aren't isolated incidents.
Yawn! Move on already!
This was made well. And the quote "history is written by winners" feels accurate. Why document your defeats or how oppressive you can be when you can potray yourself as a hero?
It must feel so awful to be your kind of people.
@@sabrinashelton1997and what "kind" of people am I? What do you even know about me from just a single comment to pass this judgment miss mam??
@@sabrinashelton1997rude!
He didn’t win, though. Also our lack of records stems more from the fact that papyrus degrades after a few decades and documents need to have been copied for them to survive through the ages than from victories or defeats.
Not really though? There's accounts of World War II from the Axis side.
Fun fact: Some of the first recorded worker's strikes in history happened in ancient Egypt when the pyramids were being built - and they were incredibly successful, from my knowledge.
Cool
And I think most of them were because of beer rations
No, lol, that's during the reign of ramesses III, during the LBA collapse. And yes, they were pretty successful.
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" Ramses II
Ironically, Ramseses, despite his ego, was not a two dimensional villain.
Ozymandias father of OXymoron?¿ Just kidding??!!!❤😮
They portrayed themselves as having more darker skin!!
Percy Bysshe Shelley!!
Nothing beside remains
Why hasn't anyone on Ted-Ed did a History vs. video on the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. He was a pretty controversial figure back in ancient times, and his tomb is still untouched. I believe there bad and good achievements that should have folks interested in.
I would argue that Qin Shi Huang wasn’t actually controversial. He was outright despised by all the succeeding Confucian scholars in all of Chinese history.
The only person of historical note who even said one thing positive about him besides uniting China, was Mao Zedong(that I know of). And that was that QSH literally buried scholars alive and bragged about it.
I mean there's plenty of figures to choose from.
Ok bro you were obviously miss informed. He is loaded as a very effective warlord and governor, just not in the ways of Confucius. Like he built the irrigation system in Sichuan that's still used to this day.
And also him killing intellectuals is just missinformation, he was a patron of the arts inviting many scholars and artists to his court, he literally almost got assassinated by a musician that he allowed to sit next to him. The guys he killed would most likely be the snake oils salesman that told him to drink mercury.
And also Mao never said that, sounds like propaganda to me@@TheLordRichard
@@NightPhoenix.Y This whole series is based on putting historical figures on trial.
While Qin Shi Huang obviously left a giant legacy in many ways, he never was really liked by posterity because of the stranglehold the Confucian scholars had over education in almost all of subsequent Chinese history. So he never really was that controversial just hated.
Also I haven’t found any evidence that this would be false statement by Mao. Kind of fits his character.
He has his own video so they can't really do it. I asked the same thing for Brutus a couple of years ago.
I always find it interesting when people suggest that Hebrew slaves built monuments or the pyramids, because the Exodus narrative explicitly says that the Hebrews were put to work in the fields and making bricks; it says nothing of stonework or building monuments.
The Hebrew story is baseless and false
@@busoko_Ismail2468 There is no evidence suggests that a God called Jehovah killed all firstborn children in Egypt.
Exodus says that Jehovah killed all first born children in Egypt, do you believe it?
@@busoko_Ismail2468 Say whatever you want about it, but keep in mind that it's not like the Ancient Egyptians would have ever wanted to keep records of their own defeats, let alone against their own gods. After all, they literally did try to erase two pharaohs from history for that reason, those being Akhenaten, and Hatshepsut, as they both contradicted the conventional beliefs systems of their citizens, so the next time you wanna bash the Book of Exodus as being baseless, think about these things.
Also, if you wanna be an athiest, do whatever you want, but have some respect for those who, at the very least, believe in its existence.
According to the Midrash (Jewish oral tradition, written down from 0-500 CE, some believe its true, others believe in contains true-isms) The Hebrews were forced to build things on quicksand, so they would lose hope of anything
Huh, wasn't expecting Rameses II of all historical figures to be the next one on trial in this series. Still, very interesting stuff covered here!
Agreed
I think it would be a good idea to do History vs Winston Churchill, or History vs Queen Victoria. Both so revered - yet neither as great as we often think they are (though on different levels).
Victoria was so awful to her children I generally think she might have had some kind of mental condition.
As a constitutional monarch, it is nigh on impossible to place actual responsibility for any act of the government on the queen’s part. Besides, nations need not have monarchies to have empires, and both France and Portugal made sure to prove that. All of that aside, even if she was alive today, the doctrine of sovereign immunity would still apply. The British sovereign cannot be lawfully prosecuted for any reason or before any court in any of the realms in which they reign. And diplomatic immunity covers foreign states.
@@mankytoesWell when you lose your father as an infant, suffer an upbringing tantamount to years to psychological abuse with a touch of life threatening illness, and then proceed to lose pretty much all of your family (siblings, mother, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews) including some of your own children and grandchildren, along with living in one of the most politically charged and ever changing times in European history… I would be more surprised if she didn’t suffer from mental illness
Boy, Churchill 'bout to face a class-action lawsuit
I’d love to see a History vs. Kaiser Wilhelm II. I feel like he is the most misunderstood and most demonized leader during that time simply because he lost the first world war
Ramesses II: "I will not be the weak link!!"
Tell your people that as of today, their work load has been doubled. Thanks to their god. Or is it thanks... to you?
*Dedumose II
The legendary referance to the masterpeace that is "The Prince of Egypt"
It’s always a great day when there is a new Ted ed video
I agree.
Rameses II is also the main subject of Shelley’s ‘Ozymandias’ sonnet too (which was the Ancient Greek name for him):
I met a traveller from an antique land
Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed:
And on the pedestal these words appear:
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
Read this before
"My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!"
I read it in my English textbook.
@RepentandbelieveinJesusChrist. Shut up
That's the only reason i clicked on this video
I love the "History vs" series. its really fascinating.
Me too
Thanks for listening to the people. We have been clamouring for another episode in this series for a long time
Agreed.
Agreed 2
I have always loved this series
I met a traveller from an antique land
Who said: - Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert... Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed
And on the pedestal these words appear
‚My name is Ozymandias, king of kings
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!‘
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
- Percy Bysshe Shelley
LOVE history vs! Do Constantine the Great!
Agreed.
Perhaps Theodosius, the emperor who officially split Rome between East and West (I forget his name) since his actions pretty much doomed the West Half.
I agree. His story is one of the most interesting. On the other hand, it's such an overlooked historical account which is a shame.
@@charliefarmer4365 Actually, that honor goes to Theodosius the Great where he permanently splits the empire to for his two sons to inherit. This emperor also made Christianity the official religion of the empire and pushed against the "pagan" Roman religions. Constantine did split the empire between his sons, but it was united again through one of those sons.
@@darkapollo3463 ah, my mistake.
I’ve been waiting for this series to come back.
I don’t doubt that a lot of what we know about him could be his own propaganda, it was pretty much the norm for pharaohs to do that.
Yeah but a huge part of the reason he's remembered so distinctly is because he did it so much more. He's the greatest pharaoh because he built the most self-aggrandizing monuments. Probably mostly because he lived so damn long
@@imperator9343Good point
@@imperator9343 he also replaced cartouches and claimed a bunch of earlier monuments as his own. I think Shelly mocking Ozy's ego is more apt reputation.
"No thing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away."
Dude died before he got to 30 and his poem is STILL the most famous thing about the guy he wrote about... now that was some diss track!
I hope oda nobunaga gets an episode. The prosecutions opening statement may follow "the self proclaimed demon king of the sixth Heaven who massacred civilians for the sake of conquest". While the defence may open with, "the first of Japan's 'three great unifiers' who were instrumental in ending Japan's century long civil war, the sengoku jidai."
There is also an argument that he was a leader who welcomed foreign Western powers, traders, and religious leaders into Japan which was something unheard of at the time where the leaders would just execute them. After the Sengoku period, Japan pretty much became an isolated country for around until Matthew C. Perry had to pretty much force Japan to trade with the rest of the world and even then you could argue that Japan had a rocky relationship with the Western world until years after World War II. However you could also make the argument that he wanted guns, westerns had them, and building churches and appealing to them was just the easiest way to get to them (also since Nobunaga was anti-Buddhist that can tell you where his options on religion may lie). Plus Europe was still at that stage where it was every man for themselves when it came to land at the time, so you can understand why leaders was so cautious when it came to foreign powers, no matter how good a person's intentions were.
@@brosephthejoe9433 Nobunaga's foreing relations may be a worthy debate topic. Defence could argue that had Nobunaga lived to set up a proper Oda shogunate, Japan's relationship with the world could have been more positive. While the prosecution would argue that toyotimi and Tokugawa were right to kick the Europeans out and isolate the country as western influences could destabilize the country into another Civil War and weaken the county to be vulnerable to colonization.
@@TheRevanchrist I see that Japanese media often portrays Nobunaga loving Western armor, trinkets and music as a weakness, and there's obvious reasons to show it as strength (and a bonus of not being xenophobic). SO good dichotomy already.
I know a little curiosity about Moses. according to one theory the name of moses in Hebrew is Mōsheh, (it would be attributed the meaning of "extracted from the water") but it derives from the Egyptian, although today the majority of scholars prefer to believe that the name derives from the Egyptian root Moses , which means son of or generated as we can for example see in the Egyptians Thutmosis (son of Thoth) or Ramses (son of Ra), personally perhaps he had a name like "son of the nile" or of a god/goddess of the river, or In line with this thesis and lacking the name of the father, Moses simply means child as a term of endearment for son. after "cutting the past" he called himself only "son" because he wanted to say: "I am not the son of the false gods of the pharaoh, but of the true god"
A theologian once told me that this is the only piece of evidence he was aware of that hinted that Moses may actually have existed. It's rather like saying that mac the knife from the beggar's opera existed becase mac means 'son' in scottish gaelic.
Love this series! So happy to see another case. Thanks Ted Ed!
Me too
I love these segments, I’m glad Ted ed is doing this again. Keep it coming 👍
Agreed
It’s amazing how such a large empire has can be turned to dust so fast.
It took thousands of years
ozymandias
wasnt fast at all
It wasn't fast, it took centuries after repeated colonial subjugations, as well as political and religious instability, both internal and external.
Every empire falls eventually; this counts for the hittites, assyrians, persians, macedonians, romans, huns, mongols, british etc. But the egyptian empire was very long lasting
this 6 min episode explains more than my entire history class
Just seeing this video in my feed made me grin! Well done! I enjoy this immensely.
Agreed.
In a 2016 paper, Egyptologist Robert J. Demarée observes:
During the Ramesside Period, Thebes or Deir el-Medina observed the feast known as Ϻnw, or "Sailing," in observance of the deified royals' passing. II Shemu 15 was dedicated to Ahmose-Nefertari's "Sailing," III Shemu 24 to Seti I's "Sailing," and II Akhet 6 to Ramesses II's "Sailing."
Cool
Again, a new video of one of my favourite series!
Agreed.
Thank you for another episode on History Vs. I always enjoy your videos, and this is definitely my favorite series of yours!
Agreed.
Histiria VS The Catholic Monarchs.
Easily the greatest series you guys have. Hopefully you guys do Alexander the Great one day as that would definitely be interesting.
I would love that!
this is a really good video idea
I almost missed the Ramesses II written on the judge's podium at 5:40
But Ramesses II is everywhere at 5:50
Happy to see more History vs! Love the series!!
Me too
Love the “Ramesses II”s that popped up at the end. Didn’t expect that from Ted-Ed. Y’all are the best!
Me too
new history on trial video!!! this is one of my favorite series!
I always love these history vs videos
I’m disappointed that, when questioning whether the exodus story took place during Ramesses’s reign, the defense doesn’t even attempt to question the historicity of that story. That story most likely draws from a cultural memory of the time when Egypt controlled the Levant, not when the Jews all migrated to Egypt and then were enslaved.
where exactly are you drawing that claim from, I would like to know a source
Yeah it most likely draws from some ……..what again ? Truth ?
Or maybe just maybe follow me on this
It was not meant as a literal story
Jews didnt take 40 years to reach jerusalem
Its meant to teach a lesson not to teach history
Yeah and if I remember correctly the story was written down during the the Babylonian exiles, centuries after the supposed event took place
@@JJJSmit9026
Faust, A., 2015, The Emergence of Iron Age Israel: On Origins and Habitus, in T.E. Levy, T. Schneider and W.H.C. Propp (eds.), Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archeology, Culture and Geoscience, Springer, pp. 467-482
Redmount, Carol A. (2001) [1998]. "Bitter Lives: Israel In And Out of Egypt". In Coogan, Michael D. (ed.). The Oxford History of the Biblical World. Oxford University Press. pp. 58-89
Graves, Michael (2019). "Exodus". In Blouwers, Paul M.; Martens, Peter W. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Biblical Interpretation. Oxford University Press. pp. 547-560
Sparks, Kenton L. (2010). "Genre Criticism". In Dozeman, Thomas B. (ed.). Methods for Exodus. Cambridge University Press
I simply asked for a source, adding on more claims just makes it clearer to me that you are refusing to show where your original claim came from, and referring to your source as "truth" as if it is obvious does not work as most people (including me) have no idea what the Levant is.
I would also like to know where this other reply is getting the claim that exodus was written during the Babylonian exile, I have not heard that before.
I guess also to "go on the offensive", there is substantial evidence that exodus did happen, among other things, this can be seen in the cultural aspects of the design of the Arc of the Covenant and the Tabernacle, which bears strong similarities to Egyptian construction around the time of Ramses.
Funnily enough I actually have a source too czcams.com/video/FNV3rCP1R2Q/video.html
I love this series pls dont stop
I love this series! Who are they going to do next?
Ted ed videos are always so informative and entertaining to watch. 🙌
I agree
I really want Ted-ed to publish these videos on a regular basis. This series is some of their best work.
Me too
Finally another History VS!! So glad theyre bringing this back!
Awesome as always thanks ❤
Agreed.
Next episode ideas:
History vs Vlad the Impaler
History vs Winston Churchill
History vs Nicolae Ceausescu.
Love these please keep this up!
If I'm not mistaken hittites also recorded the battle of Kadesh as their own victory, so who is to say who (if any) between them and Ramesses II was telling the truth? 🤣
Not only that, but who was actually right? It's one thing to believe younhave won a battle, but who knows which side suffered more losses and won more value in the battle?
We have records from both the Hittites and the Egyptians in which they both proclaimed victory when in reality, it was a tactical stalemate for both sides and a strategic defeat for Ramesses.
Indeed, the final blow of the battle was struck by the Egyptians, causing the Hittites to retreat from the field, but not only had both sides suffered tremendous losses, Ramesses was UNABLE to achieve the main objective of taking Kadesh which remained in Hittite hands. Furthermore, he returned to his capital shadowed by the Hittite forces all the while and the Hittites continued to expand their influence further along the coast for the next 2 years.
It’s interesting to note that, at the Battle of Kadesh, though Great King Muwatalli II may have been the overall Commander of the Hittite Forces, his “Marshal”, for lack of a better term, was his younger brother Prince Hattusili who would distinguish himself that day as one of the Hittite Empires most brilliant generals and would even make a name for himself among the Egyptians, particularly Ramesses, leading his own chariot into the thick and reportedly slaughtering the chief of the Sherden that were part of Ramesses’ own guard.
Both gained respect for each other after the battle and, with the treaty of eternal peace signed between them, the two would maintain a friendly correspondence for the rest of their lives, with Hattu even sending one of his daughters to marry Ramesses and Ramesses sending continuous shipments of grain to feed the Hittite Empire during the famines of the late 13th century BCE.
After Muwa’s death, Hattu would succeed his brother as King Hattusili III after a brief civil war with Muwatalli’s son Urhi-Teshub and would create the mutual defense pact with Ramesses.
Always unbeatable in teaching history Ted i just hope you continue these thank you
Love these vids!!!
From one Nomad to another... Ted ed animation videos has been an invaluable part of my CZcams discovery ❤
"Return the slab. Or suffer my curse."
"History vs. Ataturk" would be an interesting episode
whose he?
@@iulaihe51299 Founder of the Modern Turkish State. Turks laud him as a hero for fighting against foreign powers, taking steps to modernize the country, and moving it away from a highly conservative Islamic society. Others however will point to his seemingly complicity with the perpetrators of the Armenian genocide and the creation of discriminatory policies against non-Turks. I think he would be perfect for this channel.
@@markdowding5737 huh kinda reminds me of sun-yat-sin ever heard of him?
@@iulaihe51299 the Chinese revolutionary leader?
@@markdowding5737 yeah him
he only overthrew the Qing with one revolution cell but others were in for themselves and refused to work together he should have gotten them under one leader before he waged war and because he didn't china had multiple civil wars
Amazing animations ❤
Been awhile since a History vs. video
Another fantastic video. I think I speak for all of us when I say we'd love to see a History V. Alexander the Great!
I agree
Great video!
The scene of 'Ramesses II' written over the judge's desk and the court walls reminded me of when I used to write my name on walls and any object when I was a child.
That Ramses II name gag towards the end really got me, ngl
I like the creative court format, slightly easier to keep track of both sides for people like me that aren’t great at history, good film 😊
I love these jokes along the way.
"Let My People go,"
"Hang on..." with the defendants name carved into the table.
And then his name just all over the place like some sort of maniac was writing it.
I first found out about Ramesses II through a manhua called "Pharoah's Concubine" A manhua I hold dearly in my heart.
I'm gonna say Ramesses was indeed the great model leader. Says a lot he was able to do the Sed festival(some fitness test for the Pharaoh starting in the 30th year of his reign and once every three years after that)up until his eighties.
PS I'm holding out for History vs...
Alexander the Great
Pericles
Leonidas
Robert Mugabe
Mao Zedong
Oda Nobunaga
Richard Lionheart
Walt Disney
I agree
Walt Disney was not a military leader or a politician, I don't think he deserves to be on that list.
Also, Stalin, Phillip II of Spain, Simón Bolívar, Ivan IV of Russia, Attatürk, Wilhelm II of Germany, Wiston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle deserves to be added.
@@2x2leax By that logic, Freud would be excluded and yet he still has an episode. Besides, I’m curious about how the judge would react to Disney.
More of these!
we need more history VS on this site
That twist at 5:39 burst me into laughter. Good job TED-Ed
Thank ted ed group please add the subtitles
Ah my favorite segment
Great content
Do Otto von Bismarck next. He is my favourite historical ruler and very controversial.
Doesn't monument construction provide job to people and thus helps flow of money to ordinary citizens in the form of wages?
Another great Ted Ed video!.
history vs winston churchill
history vs henry kissinger
“Look on my works ye mighty and despair!” -Ozymandias
I love all the Ted-Ed videos particularly the "History vs." ones. This cool how Moses made a "cameo"
It sounds exactly like the FGO version of him, he’s powerful during sunlight and his special move is the monuments he build.
Good job ty 😊
This is my favorite series.
🎶The man in gauze, the man in gauze! 🎶
"So who is the pharaoh?"
"Ramesses II"
"Rames II?"
"No the one with all the propaganda stuff"
"Still narrows it down to 752 pharaohs"
WuT BoUt Me?
Shut up,@@Pharaoh_Tutankhamen. No one even want to see you in a movie anymore.
awesome episode
Do history vs King Henry 2nd of England
You should do King John; the brother of Richard the Lionheart. He's a lot more of a grey figure than most people know.
im interested, elaborate
The source of all problem on earth is that you give yourself the right to judge others. This is still valid till today with all the conflicts around the world
This channel is Amazingly ADORABLE!!!
❤❤❤
I don't know if there is a suggestion box, but I'd love to see a "History vs Thomas Edison", given that he used to be widely respected but has since been seen in a much less flattering light...
Ooh, we haven't had one of these in a while
I only just found this series….Can we tackle Thutmos III next?
History vs Winston Churchill.
Need a thousand more videos of history on trial
Please more like this one. ❤👌
The Ten Commandments (1956) is a monument of movie history that it has to be clarified in this video on the actual likelihood of Ramesses II being the Pharaoh mentioned in the book of Exodus.
a bit unnecessary knowing there is no evidence for exodus at all
Something like exodus never happened.
@@suvx2z381Okay, and?
@@suvx2z381where did the Israelites come from and how did they take over and establish themselves?
@@thethrowbackguy4319 They're descended from the Canaanite population that used to live around Israel. They were nomadic herders. The fact that Ted Ed even encourages this myth despite historians *universally* agreeing it never happened is unprofessional and pathetic. They should not be pandering to politics or religion if they're going to claim to be an educational channel.
Ramses II would have built the temple to show the world that was Egypt and since he built it, he was Egypt. The majority of his army was from either Lower Nubia or Upper Egypt, so the building of the temple in those lands was almost as important to the believers as it was for him. He was greatness and they were associated with that greatness.
Anyway, a Thing to consider it's that: the most the accused it's far from us in the timeline, the less we can understand, and judge, his action, because WE can't understand his world
Thank you!
Please make history on trial about Toyotomi Hideyoshi
MORE OF THIS
Eustace: what’s your offer?!
Ramses: RETURN THE SLAB!!
The stubborn pharaoh of the Exodus was either Amenhotep II or Thutmose IV. The Aten Revolution was the fallout of the Exodus.
Ancient history is fascinating since the further back in time we go, the fewer sources we have, and the more likely those sources had some interest in the events they were recording and a possible motive to exaggerate if not outright lie.
In the case of Ramses II, was he one of the greatest rulers in human history? Was he one of history's greatest liars? Or was he both? All of these things are very possible.
Suggestion: History vs. Henry Kissenger
Love these, Robert E Lee would be great if you take requests.
Checkmate Davisites!
what a debate
🎶RAMESSES!
The man in gauze, the man in gauze,🎶
Do History Vs. Richard I Lionheart !!!