Allied War Crimes, Latin American Troops, and Top-Secret Proximity Fuzes - WW2 - OOTF 033
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- čas přidán 20. 02. 2024
- Did the Western Allies commit war crimes? What did Latin American troops do during the war? And, how did the top-secret proximity fuze change the face of warfare? Find out in this episode of Out of the Foxholes
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Hosted by: Indy Neidel
Director: Astrid Deinhard
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Executive Producers: Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson
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Written by: Gaby Pearce, Indy Neidell
Research by: Gaby Pearce, Indy Neidell
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Artwork and color grading by: Mikołaj Uchman
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Any recent developments that you think will change the face of warfare in the near future? Drones, AI, anti-satellite systems? Or something else?
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Definitely drones. They are cheap to produce but can do a lot of damage. Especially to tanks, which cost millions.
@@kingdune9196Even more so to ships, just ask the Black Sea Fleet.
Definitely a combination of all three. Certainly AI will have an disproportionate effect on modern warfare, which I shudder to think about.
Definitely drones, anti-satellite systems are honestly too costly for all sides to deploy in most situations, in terms of the possibility of losing their own satellite capacity in retaliation.
Technology will always be changing the tactics and strategies used, but ultimately, regular people will always suffer the most.
Apparently, when Chile set up a free trade agreement with Japan in the 90ies, they found out they couldn't because they were technically still at war with Japan. No one had bothered to do the paperwork to end it.
Best of all, this is far form isolated inicdent. There is whole list of wars that went waaaay past end of actual fighting ( even if there was none ) because noone bothered checking, in some cases for centuries ( or if we count some symbolic peace treaties, even mileania )
War in Korea is for example /technicaly/ still ongoing, as sides singned only armistice, not actuall peace treaty.
Another example is the Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War. Though that one's a bit Scilly.
I believe Andorra made peace with Germany in about 1942. That is, peace following World War One, where they were mistakenly left off the treaty.
@@ComissarYarrick There are still artillery skirmishes(?) time to time here in Korea, so it's still on the hotter side, not the forgotten and cold side.
Another example that stands out. In 1985, the mayors of Rome and Carthage signed a peace treaty, ending the Third Punic War over 2100 years after it started.
Indy actually sits in the chair of infinite knowledge for once
What a beautiful sight to behold
@Spiderfisch. Indy, Oracle of Historical Knowledge.
The Brazilian Expeditionary Force was known as “The Smoking Cobras. “ “As Cobras Fumantes,” in Portuguese. This comes from a saying in Brazilian Portuguese: “When cobras smoke . . .” Equivalent to the English expression: “When pigs fly . . .”
Before Brazil entered the war, the saying went: “Brazil will only enter the war when cobras smoke.””O Brazil so vai entrar na guerra quando as cobras fumaren.”
Once Brazil entered the war, the meaning of the phrase: “When cobras smoke . . .” changed.
The BEF shoulder patch was a coiled, green cobra smoking a pipe.
Pipe snake 🤔
Sabaton wrote a great song about them.
"how come we don't have any secret weapons?" should prolly be answered with "we probably have, but it wouldn't be a secret if we knew about it"
Kinda reminds me of Doctor Stranglove but in a bit different way. And the Americans had this little thing called the Manhattan Project going on as well.
Not as impressive as the Nazi bases on the dark side of the Moon and Pluto of course. ;-)
The answer to that question should always be "who says we don't?" Your own side is probably going to be the last to find out about WW anyway. I'm sure British civilians in London knew a lot more about the V1 and V2 rockets than any member of the Wehrmacht.
Don’t ever type “prolly” again please
Prolly will. @@j.a.weishaupt1748
I live in a small Brazilian town that sent many troops to Italy. My street is named after an infamous merchant turned- soldier that rushed mine fields, on foot, to make sure they were safe for his friends. He came back alive but with serious PTSD.
"No bigger than a vacuum tube", it was actually a vacuum tube designed before the war for use in hearing aids. They were surprisingly resilient to the forces involved in firing from a cannon. The electricity was powered by the battery that was activated by the firing breaking a glass vial of acid, and the spinning of the shell distributed the acid to the battery plates. Really ingenious solution to the problem of battery life sitting on the transport or shelf waiting to be fired.
Three tubes to begin with (Butrement? circuit) going up to to 5 to harden he fuze against accidental detsonation (seabirds and waves).
The packing, tung bean oil or later cerise wax melted on initial shock of detsasaton. nd from then on provided a kind of shock sbsoorpton in the travel to the end of the barrel. Also used the centrgfugal deffect to align the tubes, so the early tin can alignment could be abandoned.
John Hopkins video for more.
AA with VT - 17 shells per kill (estimattes vary)
As an Artillery Forward Observer in the 80s we still used mechanical time fuzes. We Also used VT (pozit), but not as much in training, because of two factors--expense and they were so easy to use (as an FO) that all you had to do was specify VT in you shell/fuze combination. We had to adjust height of burst with time fuzes, and the VT gave a uniform HOB, which Time did not.
I once saw a WWII era video of VT fuzed artillery being tested. The video showed about a dozen round being fired all at once and they all detonated at nearly exactly the same height above the ground in a uniform line of explosions. I was amazed at how consistent they were.
@@silentotto5099 YES! And the HOB (height of burst) is optimized as well at about 7 meters for a 105mm shell, where with time fuzes we were trying for about 50 meters, because its hard to set the fuze closer, hard to adjust them closer by observation...you have to measure the angular difference between HOB and the surface, then multiply that measurement by the distance to the target in 1000s of meters, etc. +inconsistancies in velocity of the guns caused by barrel wear etc affect time of flight...
Execution of prisoners was absolutely commonplace in the Pacific Theatre for both the Axis and Allies. For the Japanese and their allies, it was usually due to a lack of supplies and a cultural disgust in the idea of surrender. For the Americans and their allies, it was suspicion regarding fake surrenders and suicide attacks with hidden weapons
Americans started out taking prisoners and surrendering when trapped, but the combination of fake Japanese surrenders and then recapturing territory and finding surrendered American troops who had been tortured to death ended both. After that both sides fought to the death. Troops from Europe called the Pacific the dirty war. Troops from the Pacific called it the simple war.
@@APerson-dq4hl Corroboration from NW Europe theatre. Our troops came across SS hitler youth formations - boys as young as 15. Completlely indoctrinated fanatics. Trained to fight until the ammo was gone, "surrender" then escape and attack from within enemy formations.
So eny one of these "prisoners " would carry a knife, a bomb, a pistol whatever they could with no nentiionofd realklly surrendering.
I don't kmnopw how many died but it can't have been a few
@@APerson-dq4hl >"Troops from Europe called the Pacific the dirty war. Troops from the Pacific called it the simple war."
Do you have a source for this? (🤓)
My grandfather was a US Naval Aviator stationed in Brazil early in the war to hunt U-boats. Wish I knew more about it.
That ending left me wanting to offer Indy a hug, thanks for what you do.
Thanks for mentioning the 201 Mexican air Squadron. I went to school in Mexico and the information given is pretty much zero (It is embarrassing to mention, what was taught) . I was at the San Diego Aerospace Museum and they happened to have a display, and quiet a bit of information, and learned that they train here in San Diego, and also in Texas. Would like to be able to see a full documentary, on this squadron.
I believe that The History Guy on YT did an episode on the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force, the Aztec Eagles. czcams.com/video/x6hpw4rbBrA/video.htmlsi=XkejxbL7GeRK3u6m Hope this holds you over until the full documentary is made.
While the Malmady Massacre is often brought up when discussing execution of POWs, it continues to be an enormous oversight to not also mention the Wereth, Belgium massacre of 11 Black POWs by members of the 1st SS Panzer Division. It was horrible enough that they were killed; but most were also tortured and disfigured, presumably before their deaths, with fingers missing, eyes gouged out, and more. I'm not god enough to judge one more horrible than the other; but I DO believe that their sacrifice should also never be forgotten in the war against Evil personified. -- an Old White Guy in Chicago --
War crimes usually happen in wars. Even in "rightful" wars like the allies fought one. But the question is whether a forcefully conscripted german POW is "evil personified" remains. What is sad in my opinion is that the allies did not put their own war criminals in front of any court. So while i very much like the USA and their transatlantic friendship today i still see the war crimes america commited e.g. in iraq an the lack of trials of their own war criminals very critically nowadays and back then.
Greetings from Germany
@@NM-eg4nm: TOTALLY agree with you. And -- I was at the Berlin march prior to the invasion of Iraq in 2002, having just moved to Hamburg. We either ENFORCE the agreed-upon rule of law, or -- we give it up. Imagine those consequences.
@@NM-eg4nmIf the precedent had been set then for all sides to have their war criminals tried after the war, the world would be a better place. Especially if it could be carried on in perpetuity. And frankly if we're being honest, even many Nazis got off relatively scot free. For a series of trials that was supposed to determine "just following orders" is not an excuse, it seems showing remorse (or pretending to) was enough. Not even to mention how many lower level Nazis directly involved with the day to day tasks required to organize the holocaust were entirely overlooked or got sentences shorter than many countries give for murder.
The question was specifically about American war crimes.
@@Southsideindy : Yes, that was understood. And...Malmady WAS mentioned as a reference point. I just wanted to add the exclamation mark.
Just a interesting side note about Brazil.
Brazil, as the only South American country to send troops to the European theater of war, was considered by some members of the US government, including President Roosevelt, as a viable candidate for permanent member seat in the UN Security Council; to exercise the role of a South American representative. Eventually, the idea of permanent membership was discarded, but Brazil was among one of the first countries to be chosen as a non-permanent member of the Council.
An excellent paper that explain better this situation is On how Brazil almost became a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council in 1945, by Eugenio V. Garcia; in which he in which the author explores the conversations at Dumbarton Oaks and the considerations of Roosevelt and Stettinius on the subject of Brazil as a permanent member.
Love your work Indy, Sparty and Astrid.
Thanks for the info on the Brazilian Expeditionary Force in Italy! also the Brazilian AF..thanks again!
Who the hell calls _Fury_ historically accurate?
Chieftan for example. Tho, to be fair, he praised movie more for authentic tanker perspective than historical accuracy.
Authentic is definitely the more appropriate term, but that just sounded like an American high on yankee propaganda
It is more authentic than accurate.
I wouldn’t say the battles are accurate, but scenes were Pitts character forced Logan’s character to murder a German pow, I believe things like that did happen often
I’m honestly not sure how that first person got the idea that Fury was glorifying the war, either - not trying to throw any shade, but thats kind of the opposite of the point. It’s a dark film about how war is fucked up, traumatizing, and can lead to mass dehumanization - despite the feeling of comradery the shared experiences can bring about.
Cobras Fumantes- Never Forgotten, despite Vargas wanting your memory to dissipate. Lots of love for you TGA from Floripa Brasil
é us guri
Behind the desk of discretion, Indy actually wears slippers matching his tie.
It pays to be comfortable! Thanks for watching :)
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Im a captain in the army, and honestly I have never once submitted a question --> im just super happy to contribute to this endeavor!
Thank you for your support! And maybe, the day will come when you actually will submit one ;)
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My grandfather was contracted by the us during the war to help maintain railroads up in Oregon, talked about how many trains, loaded with troops and equipment, would head to the west coast.
Bet he had some interesting stories! Thanks for sharing :)
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Pozit fuses and every kind of proximity fuze ammunition that followed after are so facinating. Modern ones are absolute marvels of engineering, the French BONUS rounds for example sends two shaped charges spining around over a hundred times a second, scanning for targets and guiding themselves above it to detonate.
My Dad said they had something called "Daisy Cutters" that would explode just above the ground. The Marines thought it was a rod attached to the fuse that set the shell off just above the ground. Whatever it was just shredded everything just above the ground.
Yea ‘Daisy Cutters’ had a rod in the nose for detonation on impact. Usually had a parachute to slow the descent also. They were absolutely massive bombs.
earlier rod fuzes used in WW1 to cut wire.
Thank you for this episode of the Out of the Foxholes as always World War Two Team. Learnt some interesting things today from all the questions asked.
We Brazilians are waiting for that mount event! (no spoilers there!)
Fury is one of my favorite WW2 films
Interesting and well put together episode!! Thanks for your work and keep it up!! ❤
Nice introduction and answers of audience questions... Thanks for sharing..
Awesome another OOTF! Great stuff Indy!
The Real Engineering channel has an episode on Pozit fuses: “The Secret Weapon Which Changed WWII”. He dives into the engineering used to render delicate electronics both sturdy enough to fire out of artillery and safe enough to use (and, more importantly, store) en masse. Fascinating stuff.
Thought for sure I had read an account by Roosevelt, Jr. in the old TimeLife WW2 hardcovers about when he was assistant division commander (3rd ID?) during Torch where they used prox fuzed arty on counterattacking Germans for the very first time, where he said they decimated them, out in the open, using 20m airbursts. He said a whole battalion disappeared in seconds.
I remember it being the first mention of their use during the war by Allies.
Thank you Chair of Infinite Knowledge! I do enjoy listening to all your wisdom.
You can summarize America's military industry in WW2 by saying "They made artillery shells with electronic systems in each shell to be more effective". Not quite as punchy as "They had a ship that's job was to make ice cream", but it was a more directly applicable example of how astounding the American war machine was as production.
As I remember even General Patton extolled the VT ranking it alongside the M-1 Garrand as a war winner. calling it that funny little fuse.
Hi Indy; Another great video.
I thought you were going to also mention the acoustic homing torpedo that sank so many U boats in the secret weapon part.
The quote from the American infantryman “Why don’t we have any secret weapons?” got me thinking. When did the average US infantrymen fighting in the Bulge realize that a new weapon, the proximity fuse, was being deployed against the Germans?
"Why don't we have secret weapons?"
My dude, I don't think you understand how secrets work...
10:30 I have to say, having seen the development files, in the early versions it mattered very much what the weather was, and what the terrain was.
It's insane how drones have solved these bombing issues with air bursts and shows how simple it is compared to the second world war. Saving my lives in the long run.
Be happy James! We love you!
Yea I understood 9:39 between the lines about the pozit fuse
Aztec eagles now thats a dope squad name
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What Mexiko also supplied was Morphium. The US got really concerned after they got cut off from their usual supplier of morphium in Asia. So the US encouraged mexikan farmers to plant poppies on a massive scale. Nearly all the morphine used by the US armed forces in WW2 came from Mexiko. After the war those same mexikan farmers would be the bedrock on which the mexikan cartells should beginn.
It's funny I heard of the VT fuse when I was 8 in the 90s from a snes game P. T. O 2. A Japanese ww2 naval strategy game. It was a tech you could unlock to increase the effectiveness of aa guns.
nice episode
Indy's tie today looks mystical
Always good to see another vid on this channel!
The development of the miniature vacuum tubes (valves) for this purpose wasn't easy. It required precision miniature mass-manufacturing techniques which had not even been envisioned, and that was one of the hardest problems the US solved back during the war. After the war these tubes became known about more openly, finding their way into portable pocket-size battery-powered hearing aids finally allowing the nearly-deaf to have social interaction normally. From destroying humans to helping them, it was a very tough 'nut to crack' and it changed every aspect of war thereafter.
While it was exaggerated, the habit of the Japanese in not taking prisoners was known. Initially they had no plans for handling prisoners, believing both that it was dishonorable to be captured thinking everyone else felt that way too, and because they had no resources to spare for taking care of POW's. Most Allied combatants were well aware of that, and most felt it was fair play to give back what would be given them: no mercy and no quarter. Unfortunately it is in the nature of war and humankind itself to commit atrocities, even against civilians. It still happens on all sides, but that is slowly changing at least among the more advanced powers. I think the changes came about after it was revealed how widespread and large these events were during WW2 raising human awareness globally, but "brush wars" and ethnic wars are still full of it so more progress is needed.
The hearing aids came first. The circuit and idea was British and came over with Tizard. The design and production chiefly at JHL tubes from many suppliers were modified hearing aid valves a couple of the design types were patented.
JHL video for more
@@brucebartup6161Maybe my sources are mistaken. I do know that such hearing aids weren't common in the US till a few years after the war. And there was battery technology which was also advanced in the war although not to what would be seen as a huge degree nowadays, but it was significant then. Cheers!
The glass tubes were made by Christmas light manufacturers.
@@P_RO_ just type "jhl vt fuze" intop yur yiutyje search nngine and the john hopkins vud should ppop tright up
the wikipedia srtivclre is also goofd or was rhe last time i looked.
@@shawnr771 ell "Looking for a short-term solution to the valve problem, in 1940 the British ordered 20,000 miniature electron tubes intended for use in hearing aids from Western Electric Company and Radio Corporation of America. An American team under Admiral Harold G. Bowen, Sr. correctly deduced that they were meant for experiments with proximity fuzes for bombs and rockets.[10]
wiki
"
sourvce Baxter, James Phinney III (1968) [1946], Scientists Against Time, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52012-6
spo i don't thnk so
Slvania or one of ghe smaller manufacturers may ahavde made vacuuum filed filam,ent llamps ffor chhritmaas trrees, but a thhermionic valve is as whole tthing.
Proximity fuses were used on Panzergrupen Piper after the bridges at Tres Point were blown. The Malmedy Massacre news was widely and quickly spread to discourage Americans from surrendering and to encourage revenge. Both bits of info are covered in the book "The Damned Engineers" published just after the war and written by an NCO, not the one written many years later. Good Luck, Rick
Always happy to see the Chair of Infinite Knowledge being utilized.
Haven't been to TJ in long, long time but way back last century there were some streets near the Caliente stadium with names referencing the Mexican air squadron that flew in the Pacific theater.
Glorious.
Regarding Allied War crime, my grandfather, who had served in the liberation of the Philippines in 1944-45, recalled incidents where his unit slaughtered Japanese soldiers and marines when they came out of a swamp full of saltwater crocodiles. He said at night, he and his unit, which included Philippine Scouts, could hear the Japanese get eaten by the crocs. When they came out to surrender, his unit gunned them down. He also told another story from the reoccupation of the Philipines either during or just after the war when Japanese soldiers, due to near starvation, dressed in American clothes, masquerading as Filipinos, to eat at the American mess halls. He said that Philippine Scouts walked up and down the lines looking for Japanese imposters and killing them on the spot. Japan's barbaric treatment of Americans and Filipinos really bothered my grandfather, sparking a lifetime hatred of the Japanese. He held no regrets for killing surrendering Japanese soldiers and marines.
Didn't Indy do a Sabaton History Episode on the Brazilian "Cobras Fumantes" soldiers?
Yes he did :)
Roosevelt ordering a proper burial really got to me. :(
I learned about VT fuses while playing the Koei Super Nintendo game PTO II (Pacific Theatre of Operations)
People don't think about allied super weapons because they worked well enough to become normal things.
Like the shipping container.
One question that's always been burning in my mind is : MAIL. Obviously letters could still be sent between Axis and Allied Countries. So where there planes or ships that were protected / off limits from attack that went between say France and England for example? When someone on the Axis side wanted to ask for say a prisoner swap, peace feelers or safe passage for a civilian passenger ship etc, what was utilised as the conduit for this?
I believe that neutral contacts were often used for that purpose, such as the Swiss or the Swedes, in order to facilitate inquiries along those lines. Or the Red Cross was used.
Here's an interesting point: after the atomic bomb was dropped, supposedly a group of Japanese scientists sent a telegram of congratulations to a group of American scientists for discovering the secrets of the atom.
About Brazilian armed forces in WW2, I knew a Brazilian man whose father was a Brazilian naval officer and went down with his Brazilian destroyer when it was sunk by a U-boat.
Shipping from neutral countries like Spain, Portugal, Sweeden, etc.
Thank you.
Thank you for watching!
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My grandfather worked in the USA under the bracero program. It might have been after the war but cool to finally have a personal connection to the war/channel videos.
Thanks for sharing, and thanks for watching!
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3:50 and it’s happening today too wow!
OOTFH Let’s go!
13:19 Once again confirming that Indy is the main character 😂😂😂
I have always been disgusted by the Chenogne massacre. That it was actively covered up by the highest powers and not a single person ever disciplined for it is a great stain on US military prestige from the period.
I'd say it's alongside a US plane attacking a pair of U-boats clearly displaying a Red Cross flag while aiding survivors from one of their sinkings and then when Donitz ordered his subs to no longer aid their victims in such a manner, they tried to prosecute him over it at Nuremberg.
@randomlyentertaining8287 You forgot the last bit. I think it was Admiral King who testified on behalf of Donitz saying he'd given similar orders to US Sub Commands.
I like seeing your emotionally strong side, Indy! 🙃
01:10 I don't know why LoBaned hates on "Fury" that much. Being a war history nerd for 30 years, I have come across much more ridiculous reasons to shoot POWs and civilians than depicted there. In fact, I consider the movie pretty accurate in showing the psychological state of frontline soldiers, at least from what I know about it.
Frustration about the enemy was a reason to shoot POWs as well. When the Jagdtiger heavy tank destroyers of the 512th Heavy Panzerjäger Abteilung (aka Tank Destroyer Battalion) had some success in March-April 1945, destroying 60 or so Shermans in a couple of weeks, several hundred German POWs met their end in road ditches. It was just a case of frustration about the uneccessary bloodshed the US troops still had to endure despite the outcome of the war being set.
Lobaned.......My father spent 21 days on Iwo Jima and many prisoners were shot. My late Uncle was assigned to the Marine Raiders in the Pacific and they DID NOT take prisoners. They shot everyone.
I genuinly cannot make any sense LoBaned's comment
Fury is so good. The last movie I genuinely couldn't finish was The Revenant.
@@joes9732 The final scene is just ridiculous though, a single tank crew destroying an entire grenadier company is ridiculous, as soon as they realised the tank was knocked out they would have retreated and called up a Pak40
@@joes9732 Why couldn't you finish The Revenant? Incredible movie imho.
@@lucaswatson1913 The fanatic SS who were famously lousy fighters losing an entire company to a pillbox with 4 machine guns and a cannon in it? Sounds plausible to me
@@lucaswatson1913 They wouldn't even have to do that. They had panzerfausts, all they had to do was creep around the sides of the immobilized tank and put one in the side of the turret.
Hi James! Give Indy a hug will you?
4:11 “heres the letter owner mr president!”
“Bro wtf that’s literally a human arm”
The invasion of Sicily saw a number of war crimes commited by the Americans which went unpunished
I still call this chair the Chair of Wisdom from Out of the Trenches 🙂
The VT shells were crucial in the Pacific theater in repelling Japanese air attacks. Especially when the Kamikaze attacks began in October of 1944
My father Navy Lt. Commander John Lundy Parsons' cousin, Navy Capt. William S. "Deak" Parsons, was at the center of the development of both the proximity fuze as well as the first atomic bomb (Little Boy). Deak met with Admiral Halsey and enabled the first combat use of the fuzes aboard the USS Helena, destroying an incoming Japanese dive bomber in January 1943. He was then chosen by Gen. Groves to be the ordnance expert for the Manhattan Project and worked closely with Oppenheimer to build the first A-bomb, which he personally executed as the weaponeer aboard the Enola Gay. True story!
Paratroopers who have deployed behind enemy lines do not have the facilities, supplies or manpower to handle POWs. They have very limited objectives that require surprise and aggression at first, and tenuous defense after that, a situation where there is not much opportunity to take prisoners. And even less for any wrongful killings to be investigated.
In spite of this, there are abundant stories of Allied paratroopers taking excellent care of POW's, even in the most dire circumstances.
Airborne units can still take prisoners if they're being deployed correctly - drop in enough units to overwhelm the objective and have them link up with other ground troops quickly enough that being cut off from support isn't a long-term issue. The plan during the Normandy landings was for them to link up with the shore landings on the first day, and for the most part that's what happened. There wasn't much of a problem detaching a few squads to guard prisoners who mostly didn't have the will to fight and surrendered quickly.
Doesn't matter. If "oh sorry, we're paratroopers we're busy" is an excuse to not take prisoners then the German and Japanese excuse of being too busy, fighting a battle and keeping timetables to take prisoners also carries equal weight. No excuse for committing blatant violations of the rules of war.
YAY!! The Chair of Infinite Knowledge returns !
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People should know: proximity fuzes were a revolution, but they did fail. There are many instances of shells exploding just after leaving the bore on naval guns, for example. I think there was a video about that on Battleship New Jersey's CZcams channel.
Behind the top-secret proximity fuze was actually just a tiny gnome spinning a hamster wheel... it was classified as "Operation Rodent Power.
While the proximity fuse did make AA far more effective than before, even that wasn’t enough to allow AA to serve as the primary tool of air defence in a naval context: there is a reason the Big Blue Blanket doctrine, focused on spreading naval formations far and wide and heavily emphasizing small, expendable destroyers to serve as radar pickets in addition to AA, became a thing. Intercepting enemy aircraft with fighter screens was still the most effective way to deal with enemy air attacks.
Thank you for the lesson.
The fuzes were made by companies that manufactured Christmas lights.
Nice thumbnail, that scene and the foxhole bayonet scene in 'All Quiet on the Western Front' will stick with me.
I also believe that other than the assembly line, Manhatten Project, and Mississippi River; the Radar emitting Proximity Fuze is one of the Wünder Waffen which aided the US in WWII.
Edit: I need to add the Merit-Based system of promotion of rank in the US Military. Didn't matter your last name, lineage or class; if you were good at what you do, you can take the job of the idiot in charge of you.
Hi Indy
Awesome question and brilliant answer
Thanks for pozit fuse information.
Most valuable.
sehat2 mas paijo
LEAVE THE QUESTIONS IN THE COMMENTS
The German soldier mentioned in Fury as shot was wearing an American jacket so was therefore not covered by POW laws.
I would like to thank my German grandfather that worked as an electrician for taking care of American GI's in resting places
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Hopefully fury make a cameo this week
why did the brazilians call themself like that sabaton song XD
Wow Indy, finally reached your full power, of infinite knowledge by finally sitting in that chair after years! Congrats, and now hopefully you'll becoming infinitely knowing
I miss the chair of invinite wisdome.
I've read or heard of at least one situation where American forces couldn't allow Germans to surrender due to logistical constraints. I can't remember specifics though.
-Oh, Hi Mark! :)
You're tearing me apart Lisa! Thanks for watching :)
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Respectfully, I must say that “bracero” is pronounced more like brah-sair-oh.
Mandatory BRASIL MENTIONED comment 🇧🇷🇧🇷
I'm curious about the pockets of German resistance in western France even after the Allies were crossing into Germany.
That's mostly fortified port cities that alies decided are not worth the effort of takeing, so they just surround them and kept besieged till the end of the war. Only one that saw litttle more combat than ocasional shelling and patrol duels was Dunkirk ( yes, the place of famous evacuation in 1940 ), besiged by Czechoslowak brigade where german garrison made numerous counter attack, even up to may 1945.
Indy, u Rock!
He sure does! Thanks for watching!
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You can get air burst with time fuses, if you’re able to observe the target. It can be calculated in the FDC. So I don’t know how the Germans could tell the difference between a time or VT fuse. I know for sure no one is looking around when the artillery is coming in. Plus if you’re in trees there would be air bursts from trees. You’d have positions with over head cover.
Perhaps because the VT worked so much better that it was noticeable to the people it was targeting. If most of the shells burst at the optimum height to cause maximum damage rather than then the usual variation around a mean results, some high some low that you get with artillery without terminal guidance it might be very noticeable.
I doubt they did crater analysis during that battle. VT fuses were used for troops in the open. My point is the remarks were made after the war. It seemed the Germans knew there were new fuses during the battle. VT fuses are easier to use, meant to burst 20m in the air, if they don’t they explode on impact. They can also be fooled by water and marshy ground. In Vietnam, cut time fuses to the lowest setting and they burst out 400m during ground attack.(155). No spotter would fly through the GT (gun target line). Arty OCS Ft Sill.OK 1969.
8:10 ～ The content regarding the so-called VT - fuze is very interesting. It is said that the American military at the time feared that the Japanese military would copy the fuze, but looking back on it now, this is clearly an overestimation of Japan's scientific and technological capabilities.
At the time, Japan obtained a large number of cutting-edge weapon blueprints from its ally Germany, but very few weapons based on these were put into practical use. When the Japanese military at the time captured one P-51 Mustang on the Chinese front, they were surprised by the high-performance on-board radio and tried to copy it, but it was impossible for them. They were also unable to copy the U.S. Army's bazooka , While the Germans could. I lived in Japan until 2017, and many Japanese people, especially young , believed that Japan's defeat was due to a lack of supplies, and that at that time Japan's scientific and technological capabilities were the best in the world. That's completely ridiculous. ❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗❗
The smoking snakes is derived from a Brazilian analogy about something being unlikely. Brazil was ruled by a fascist regime at the time so the general Public consensus was that they would never join in the war against the axis. “We’ll join the war when snakes smoke.” Was basically another version of “when pigs fly.”
Do a show on American soldiers executed in England at Shepton Mallet prison during WW II. Rape was a capital offence for US soldiers serving in England at the time.
COBRAS FUMANTES ETERNA É A SUA VITÓRIA
I was told be a reliable source, that one officer told a US infantrymen to take the Nazi prisoners to the POW camp which was say two hours away, and to be back within a half hour. It was not an order to execute them, but it was an impossible task. So then, it was understood what must be done.