Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II
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- čas přidán 20. 05. 2024
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Our historical animated documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the ancient origins of the kingdom of Macedonia before it became an empire under Philip and Alexander with a focus on its relationship with other Hellenic states.
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The video was made by our friend András Szente-Dzsida while the script was researched and written by Leo Stone
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#Documentary #Macedon #Alexander
9 hours 28 minutes before we start getting death threats. Again. :-) Weren't able to release the battle episode due to the insane render time, but we will release 2 battle episodes during one of the upcoming weeks.
Please do vids about the wars/battles of Philip and Alexander!!!
You get death threats?
Why would you get death threats??
Can u plz do anglo-mysore war atleast. Or even any eastern historical documentary would do plz.
What! who dare threatens kings and generals
Herodotus when he says "The Macedonians were neither fully Greek neither fully Barbaric"
Was because of the way of Life compaired to Athenian lifestyle. Remember to the Athenians even Spartans were concidered Barbarians, the spiritual level of the Greek world was so high at the time that if a kingdom couldn't prosper in Architecture,Lyricism,Poetry etc.etc. as much as the Athenians, they were concidered "Low-Life people" . Tribalism in Greek world was also extreme thats why Xenophobes were amongst Greek people.The Greek city states who never had contact with foreign people , like Athens would concider the Greeks that bordered with foreign people as "Not Pure" but that was an Athenian mindset and not an actual historical fact, simply shows how Athenian Greeks viewed the Greek world.
Oh now it makes sense
This is your interpretation of Heorodotus., and the confusion with history starts when "fans" start to interpret various documents/sources according to their belief. What is real in this case are those lines written by Heorodotus.
@@blblblblbl395 No? There is a certain context behind every historical document. "Greek" wasnt a term back then as we know it today.
@@savage7882 Try do understand my point. Herodotus aka the Father of History is used today like a rag from both Macedonian and Greek ignorants trying to prove their own claims.
I agree that there is a context, but in some cases the sources are clear.
@@blblblblbl395
Indeed , Herodotus is very clear!
Herodotus , “Histories”
V 22 “ Hellens are the descendants of Perdikkas as they themselves claim. That i am in a position to know too and that i will prove in my History , that they are Hellens”
I56 “And from Istaiotis the Dorians after beeing kicked out of their country by the Kadmeians (The Thebeans) went to live in Pindus under the name Macedon (Μακεδνον ).”
VIII 43 “ And the Sikyonians gave 18 ships , the Epidavrians 10 , the Troizinians 5 and the Ermionians 3. All of them , exept for the Ermionians are nation Dorian and Macedonian and were the last to move from Erineos and Pindus and Dryopida.”
V20 “....and tell to your king that sent you here that a Hellen , the vice king of Macedons , made you a good dinner and a good bed”. Alexander the first , son of king Amyntas to the Persian ambassadors. Later that night he slaughtered them all.
IX 32,2 The Macedonians are listed amongst the 5 myriad Hellenic allies of the Persians and not with the 30 myriad barbaric allies VIII 113.
IX 45 “.... men of Athens , i will say to you those words and ask you to keep them secret , only to Pausanias you must say them so that i will not be in danger . Because i would not speak to you if my worries for the whole of Hellas were not huge. Because i am and always have been Hellen and i would never wanted to see Hellas loose its freedom and become a slave.” Alexander the first in the camp of the Hellens -as a Persian ally - warning the Hellens before the battle of Plataiai.
V22 “ Furthermore the organizers of the Olympic games that were held amongst Hellens , made that decision. ... and when Alexander (the first ) proved his ancestry from Argos the judges admited that he was Hellen and so he took part in the race of one stadium and finished together with the first.” For that win Alexander was honoured with a hymn by the poet Pindarus who only made hymns for Hellens.
Now lad , please provide a section by Herodotus that he says that they were not Greeks.
You can't.
using Σ instead of E always gives headache to the greeks
Yeah using the letter S for the letter E is pretty stupid.
Likewise drives me nuts when Americans think the cyrillic Д and И are A and N, respectively.
@@TheDarthbinky D and I, if И remember correctly
But what about the Germans reacting to using ß as B?
@@tigershark8867 As a German: NEIN.
according to scholars such as Borza and Hammond the Macedonians were of Greek stock and proto Greek speakers. The Orestian highlands is the are of north western Greece which is regarded as proto Greek territory, this area is the birth place of the Greek speaking race.
I visited last summer Thessaloniki,Chalkidiki and ancient Pella in Macedonia region southern Greece. Just gorgeous no words, i envy you Greeks!
Yup as Macedonian myself i approve. Of course we Greeks have plenty gorgeous other places too here in greece to sugest also
Famous mount Olympous is just 100km from Thessalonica
stolen land
Wrong Tatar,not stolen. Macedonia is ancient Greek land
You Skopjans-fyromians are asian slavotatars
Sea sun and rock n roll
“Who were you when my father found you? Hide clad Vagabonds, feeding a few stray sheep. Who are you now? The kings of the Earth!”
-Alexander to his men at Opis
David T damn did he steal your girl?
@David T Jesus christ dude, you're so deep in the closet you're in Narnia lmao.
@David T he liked both as most of the greeks and romans back then
@David T stop spreadin lie lmao
@@TheGamePlayZoneDE do he (David T) even have a girl ? lmao
Epirus and Thessaly were also ruled by kings and had their own dialects as well as mainly rural societies. Several Greek city states in Southern Italy were also ruled by kings - as were the Spartans. The Macedonians were not unique in that regard. Moreover, even the Greek dialects in the south diverged from city state to city state and each city even had its own unique alphabet, its own festivals and its own names for the months of the year. In addition, the few dozen words mentioned by Hesychius as being of Macedonian origin are often mentioned beside other words from Lacaedemonian, Argive, Epirotan, Rhodian and other local dialects around the Greek world. Hesychius had the habit of comparing words among different dialects of his time. That does not necessarily mean that all these city states had totally unique vocabularies or that they spoke distinct languages.
The kings in Sparta and Thessaly were constitutional kings, bounded by the law and more strong public offices. In constrast, Macedonia and Epirus were monarchies in the classic sense, of being the most powerful men in their kingdom.
@Marcelo Henrique Soares da Silva That's partly true. The macedonian nobility, as it was a landed aristocracy, possessed land and was rich, but this power was not regulated according to any law, it was practical politics (marriages, political alliances etc). On the contrary, the kings of Sparta, had a certain constitutional role and were not the most powerful political figures, As the Ephors and the Apella had more powers than the kings, and could controlled their actions and give them orders. In conclusion, the macedonian's nobility power was increased or diminished according to the power (or the lack of it) of the king.
I thought Thessaly was a confederation of its four leading cities and not a kingdom?
@@MinecraftLively The leader of each state was named sometimes "Tagus", sometimes "king", and sometimes "Lord", there was not a unified way of governance, and those leaders were mostly elected from certain noble families.
@@MinecraftLively - In the classical period, the Thessalians were ruled by a single ruler called Tagus. The Tagus was seen as a dictator or tyrrant but his office became hereditary, in a sense, as the various rulers seemed to have been of the same aristocratic family, so he was perhaps more like a king. This was a similar situation as in Macedonia and in Epirus. The Epirotans were a confederation of three provinces or tribes under one king, who was a member of the so-called Molossian ruling house. All these kingdoms had a council of elders, the Peligones in Macedonia, Pelioi or Palioi in Epirus, while Aristotle also mentions a council of elected Elders in Thessaly.
Macedonians had:
a) Greek language, which was a doric dialect as proven by artifacts and linguistic evidence.(e.g. pella curse table ,Isychios dictionary)
b) Greek names, which were all of Greek origin and had Greek etymology with the exception of a handful of names considered as loans.
c) Greek symbols, such as the Sun of Vergina, which was used by the other Greeks before the ancient Macedonians used it. (e.g. lacedaemon crater from luvre 7th century and many more)
d) participation in Pan-Hellenic Games, where no foreigners were allowed. Many Macedonians participated, starting from Alexander I.
e) they used Greek toponyms (e.g. Thessalonike, Aiges, Pella),
f) they worshiped Greek heroes (e.g. Achilles, Hercules),
g) they used a calendar using Greek months.
h) they believed in the Greek gods and had Greek customs.
i) they listened to Greek theater (e.g. Euripides at Pella has been well-documented).
j) they even called themselves Greek and they never called themselves non-Greek. In fact, they would call non-Greeks as barbarians, just like the rest of the Greeks did (e.g. when Philip V saw the Roman camp.
k) Even foreigners called them Greek (e.g. Yauna takabara by the Persians that means Greeks with funny hats).
l) they used Greek terminology for their military ranks without the need to do so.
m) they spread Hellenism and Greek language
🇬🇷🔆
ALEKSANDAR E MAKDONEC🦁🔆🦁
MAKEDON E MAKEDON
NEVER greek
Most wanted: that was a thorough and excellent report. Thank you 🙏 and congratulations
A) Makedon e Makdon
B) no gaireek can be A Makedon🦁🟥🔆🟥🦁🌍
@Brian Ortega go read some Mickey Mouse kid ,you probably haven’t read any ancient source in your entire life and most likely have not visited an ancient Macedonia site . What “dot” you believe you can answer with proOfs ?
David H Levinson, Anthropologist/Ethnologist, 'Encyclopaedia of World Cultures, p. 239]
*_"It should be noted that there is NO CONNECTION between the ancient Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Greek [Hellenic] tribes, and the modern so-called "macedonians" of today of the Republic of North Macedonia who are of Slavic origin and related to the Bulgarians"_*
Bulgarians are not related to the Macedonians or the Slavic origin at all, they come from Asia Mongolija and their original spoken language is Kazakh, Tajik, Turkmen, and Kyrgyz. Same as a lot of Mongolians moved to Hungary which they have acnowledged this and are called Magayar even today and Romania too. When they moved to the Balkans on Macedonian teritory they adopted Macedonian language and traditions. They have more in common with Turkey than with Macedonians. All Slovak language are starting from the Macedonian as the base for the Russian the only ones to admit this, Bulgarian, Sebian, Slovenian, Check, Polish....... A DNA analysis were perfomed by a Swiis company and they come to the conclusion that the DNA of Macedonians , (Bulgarian Mongolija, Greek North Africa Ethiopia) are the real decendants of the Ancient world or Aleksander Makedonski we are the Belgazi people. Bulgaria`s first royal was German Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria same as Greece Otto Friedrich Ludwig , Serbia Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Albania Prince Wilhelm of Wied they are artifical countries created on Macedonian teritory with Macedonian traditions from Macedonian history and language. The two brotherKiril and Methodi that updated the Macedonian alphabet and traveled across Eastern Europe to Educate people were Macedonians born in Macedonia and educated in Macedonia. Their pupils Kliment and Naum Ohridski continued their work. Their Monastries are still present in Ohrid and across Macedonia whilst Bulgarians claiming that this saints are Bulgarians does not have one piece of evidence to support this.
@@blagicaristovska9091 They are the same people. The Forensics Medicines Institute of Skopje after a six year study of Balkan DNA concluded that Slav Macedonians of the Republic of North Macedonia have the most similar DNA with Bulgarians. However slav Macedonians have some Serbian DNA says the Institute's Dr, ZLatko Jakovski. The language spoken by SLav Macedonians was 95% Bulgarian until 1944. Howver in 1944 Serbian awas added to hr Bulgarian and it was codified and the name "macedonian" was invented for the codified Serbo-Bulgarian dialect.
@@blagicaristovska9091 The slav Macedonians of the Republic of North Macedonia are racially Bulgarians. They started calling themselves "Macedonians" in the 19th century due to leftist political factors, before that they self identified as Bulgarians.. As Krste Misirkov stated: *_"Our fathers and grand fathers and great grandfathers were called Bulgarians, and we also called ourselves Bulgarians"_*
Is this your desperate "cry for help" comment? Were you crying after you saw this video?
@@blagicaristovska9091 Благица сръбоманска каква монголи и хазари си видела в България . Жални сте. Психично болни
"The Macedonians lived under the rule of a king, this was unfathomable to the Greeks"
Spartans: * cough cough *
The Spartans had kings, but there were two which kept one another in check and they were constitutional. Macedonian kings were hereditary and had absolute power.
I know I know it's a joke just laugh at it
Other Greek City States and Kingdoms had Tyrrants leading them like Kings though.
In any case, i heard Spartans particullary never considered themselves Greeks, but invaders.
@@asasas9146 There was no term Greek back then only Hellenes and all considered themselves Hellenes if they didn't consider themselves Hellenes or if they were not Hellenes they would not be allowed to take participation in the Olympics. The Dorians were usually seen as Barbarians by the Ionians and later the Athenians due to their war like nature but they were more tribes than just the two including the Achaeans, the Molossians in Epirus and the Aeolians all of these tribes developed City States and Kingdoms adopted the same language and followed the same pantheon they also created Colonies in the West and in the East this is what created the term Hellene and later Graeci or Greek by the Latins later.And all the Hellenes including the Macedonians shared a common precursor the Myceneans.
Guys, before you start screaming in the comments, let me speak the undeniable truth: The Ancient Macedonians were Korean.
Phh, didn't you pay attention is history class?
They were Scandinavians who sailed down their and set up their own kingdom there, of course.
That's why they, instead of the native Greeks, praided to Odin and weren't living at the coast. ;)
You’re all wrong. They were clearly a proto-Mayan people.
Stfu, they were clearly Papua New Guinean
No no no , learn history
Macedonia is english !
Mace => mace => machete means knife in english ......
Don => donkey
Ia=> is a gre.... no no I mean ... it means idea (oh shit that's greek too) , I mean ian , a english name ......
Boom macedonia is English confirmed
(Lets make a country because of that )
Macedonia is Kosovo
I find the argument about Greek non Greek pretty ridiculous .Of course they differ from the south Greeks like Cretans for example but that doesnt mean that they werent both Greeks. It 's like saying americans from Texas arent the same as Americans from Minnesota,they of course may differ but they are still both Americans
With much respect to our nothern friends and neighbours i want to ask the following questions:
1) Why the ancestors of Alexander considered themselves as descendants of Hercules (Argead Dynasty)?
2) Why Macedonians believed in the same Gods as the Greeks?
3) Why Alexander the 1st was let by ellanodikes to participate in the Olympic Games (if he was not a Greek)?
4) Why the period that Alexander lived was named by historians "Hellenistic Period"?
5) What does the following words mean in your language?
-Philip.
-Alexandros
-Thessaloniki
-Alexandria Eschate
-Voukefalas
-Macedonia
(In Greek they all mean something significant)
*ps to anyone who wants to reply " i want a documented explanation"
Thanks
They will never reply, as they don't have documented opinions to say. They wanted to steal some history, and we, the Greeks, NOT THE PEOPLE but actually the politicians, let them do it.
How??
By agreeing to sign the "Agreement of Prespes" to be called "North Macedonia" and accept that way their false claims that they are descendants of Ancient greek Macedonians.
@@marjanstojchevski7852 what you say my friend is irrelevant because we are talking about ancient Macedonians. They didn't have in common only the gods with the rest of the Greeks. They had greek names!
They named their cities with greek names.
They spoke a greek doric dialect (see Pella curse tablet).
Macedonians participated in the Olympics where only greeks could compete......
Alexander believed that he was descended from Achilles and Hercules.
Believe me i don't want any trouble with you guys..... I want us to get along and live in peace.
But before we go forward we mist accept documented history.
All the historical evidence are clearly saying that ancient macedonians were northern greeks with influences from thracians , peonians and Illyrians.
@Voskresija Glavin my friend
....the only thing that collapsed was not the hellenic civilization but your logic!
You are trying to convince me, that because Romans separated the region geographically, is proved that macedonians and Greeks are different? Please....
But you didn't answer,
Why macedonians were speaking a greek dialect?
Why macedonians participated in the olympic games where only greeks could compete?
Why all macedonians had greek names?
Why macedonians, after they conquered the known world, why they used common greek dialect as the official language of their empire ???? Please answer me these questions....
Look friend...
In any aspect of their lives, ancient macedonians were a greek kingdom in northern greece.
@Voskresija Glavin medieval historians named the whole period after Alexander's death as "Hellenistic period". So it was obvious that Ancient macedonians spread hellenic civilization to asia.. not macedonian, not athenian. But Hellenic.
@Voskresija Glavin i think ot is very important to read history and ancient historians...
Because they provide all the information we need:
What Macedonians believed of themselves???
1) by Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus
Alexander addressing the dead Greeks of the Battle of Chaeronea:
“Holy shadows of the dead, I’m not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions.”
(Historiae Alexandri Magni, 6.3.11, by Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus).
2) by Herodotus:
“Men of Athens…Had I not greatly at heart the common welfare of Hellas I should not have come to tell you; but I am myself Hellene by descent, and I would not willingly see Hellas exchange freedom for slavery….If you prosper in this war, forget not to do something for my freedom; consider the risk I have run, out of zeal for the Hellenic cause, to acquaint you with what Mardonius intends, and to save you from being surprised by the barbarians. I am Alexander of Macedon.”
(Herodotus, The Histories, 9.45)
3) by Polibius:
“For on many occasions when I and the other Greeks sent embassies to you begging you to remove from your statutes the law empowering you to get booty from booty, you replied that you would rather remove Aetolia from Aetolia, than that law.”
Polybius “The Histories”, 18.4.8. Philip V of Macedon using the term “I and the other Greeks” regarding the fate of Aetolia.
4) by Thucydides
“The country by the sea which is now called Macedonia… Alexander, the father of Perdiccas, and his forefathers, who were originally Temenidae from Argos”
(Thucydides 99,3)
ALSO:
What other civilizations believed about macedonians?????
Herodotus:
“After him spoke Mardonius, and said: - “…Their manner of fighting we know, and their wealth we know, that it is but little; and we have conquered and hold their sons, even those who dwell in our land and are called Ionians and Aeolians and Dorians. I myself have tried conclusions with these men, when by your father’s command I marched against them; and I marched as far as Macedonia and wellnigh to Athens itself, yet none came out to meet me in battle. Yet wars the Greeks do wage, and, as I learn, most senselessly they do it, in their wrongheadedness and folly. …. The Greek custom, then, is no good one; and when I marched as far as the land of Macedonia, it came not into their thoughts to fight. But against you, O king! who shall make war? For you will have at your back the multitudes of Asia, and all your ships; for myself, I think there is not so much boldness in Hellas as that; but if time should show me wrong in my judgment, and those men were foolhardy enough to do battle with us, they would be taught that we are the greatest warriors on earth.”
(Herodotus Book 7.9)
My dear uneducated friend......
It is crystal clear what ancient macedonians believed about themselves...
It is also clear what the rest of the greeks also believed about macedonians...
It is clear to the rest of the world...
Αccording to the video athenians thought that everyone but themselves was a barbarian.
Very true and i hate people using this as an argument.
To be fair, that usually was the point of view of a „civilised“ nation in ancient times. Look to China or Rome for instance.
Deguo Hendali to be fair Athens wasn’t a nation it was a city state. All of the Greek City-states and Kingdoms were civilized. But I find it weird when historians try to say that greeks saw Macedonians as barbaric even though it was Athens that saw them that way and by in large the other city states and kingdoms that weren’t up to their standards of philosophy, architecture, and literature
That's more true,than truth
@@seigenigma7230 it wasn't all of the athenians,some saw them as such,as they thought of some other greeks too.
Democracy at that time,was very like in ours.
Lobbies did a great job back then too and the people liked to listen to demagogues that offered sweet solutions for everyone(Sanders and socialism anyone?) That's why they lost in the end and Athens ended up an amusement park for the Roman's.
So tradition holds that the Macedonians are the real-life actual living descendants of the Greek god Hercules. Wow... I love this ancient stuff!
@The Hoplite true enough 👍
@Klaidi Rubiku 100 years ago the Trojan war was considered a myth before Troy was excavated.
Greeks Always based Mythology on Actual Fact.
Hercules Challenges can be Found around Greece
Lions,Lernean (Snakes),or The Apples.
I do Believe Hercules existed but That he Was the Strongest of The Greeks Not a Demigod.
Illyrians ruled Macedonia 💪
@Klaidi Rubiku No,But Him Having a lot of Children (See Genghis Khan) and them reproducing can Be done.
Also You can be cousin of a. Cousin of a cousin.
I love the artwork illustrating the look of the historical figures in this video. This really helps bring antiquity to life.
Southern Greek: You guys sound kind of weird?
Northern Greeks: nah you guys sound weird?!
Persians: it's all Greek to me.... EARTH!! AND WATER!!
Macedonians were never Greeks. Watch the video before commenting.
@@kirilmkdsrb they spoke a Greek dialect beleived in Greek gods spread Hellenic civilisation.. they have Makedonon and Dorian blood... Do you know how insane you sound ... I bet you speak Bulgarian and call yourself a Makedonski.. I'm not making fun of you but you people sound insane... 😆🇬🇷❤️
@@timopappas7178 We don't speak dialect. We are similar people with similar language but we were slovenized and that's how we lose our language. We were like Russia and Belarus today but Slav migration change a lot. Anyways the languages i speak in my everyday life are Macedonian and Serbian 🇲🇰🇷🇸❤️
@@kirilmkdsrb yes today up north next to Serbia Albania Bulgaria. Were my parents are situated in Macedonia is were king Phillips tomb lays.. it has Greek writing all over it.. no Slavic at all.. so strange.. so wait a minute I need to get something straight here... So in that case the Spartans weren't Greek because they had some different beliefs and traditions.. umm the Athenians weren't greek they were Athenians ?? The Word Macedonia is a Greek word within itself and not Slavic. I have respect for our 🇷🇸 because they know the truth but 🇲🇰 these people I don't get.. Alexander would be rolling in his grave hearing some of the claims they make 😆 there beliefs.. there ideas go everything against for what he stood for... C'mon man.. you dont see it strange at all what you are saying??
@@kirilmkdsrb and I don't understand why you are upset.. the greeks would war against each other all the time to gain power and become the Main Axis.. alot of tribes have tried.. just like how Alexander did and created the HELLENIC LEAGUE! bro watch the video again and listen properly not only what you want to hear 😉
"Alexander the Third, yes that one"
Third time's the charm...
Awesome video! Could you please make a video about the Thessalians? They controlled the largest plain in Greece, a highly trained mercenary force as well as the famous Thessalian cavalry and Jason of Pherae, who invented hemithorakion, transformed Thessaly into a powerful Greek state and even spoke first of uniting Greece with the purpose of invading the Persian Empire. Also, they had the leadership of the Amphictyonic League. Thessaly never won the propaganda war in Ancient Greece because of long lasting eternal strife and is the most unsung archaic state. Thank you for your time! Best wishes!
I can't wait to see the whole Macedonia dispute in the comments.
And as always,a very well oiled video K&G, keep the good work.
there is no dispute...just some bulgarians wanna be Macedonians
Pre Philip Macedonia: I play both sides, so I always come out on top.
Philip and Alexander Macedonia: there is no god up here. Other than me!
right! what was written on pHilip΄s coins in what lang? second phrase is yours. Ask Aristotle
Before during and After Alexander the Great are some of my favorite periods of history. PLEASE KEEP IT UP!
Second this
technically thats all of human history, yes im that dude that must be really fun at parties haha
One of the most fantastic documentaries I have seen in awhile! Thank you so much!
Many Greek cities had kings and were still considered Greek. Sparta always had 2 kings for example. Having a king never excluded anyone from being Greek.
@Dimosthenis Karamparpas very bold of you to say I'm not educated enough, when you say the Greeks considered them barbarians. That was clearly not true. It was only the Athenians. The Spartan kings roll was not small. They were very important. That's why they had two kings. One to lead the army and the other to lead the kingdom. Whatever happened there was always a king in Sparta. Yes, the system was not like the medieval feudal system of kings we are familiar with. It was arguably the first socialist system in history. Which gradually failed due to corruption. So yes there were many differences. Doesn't make them less Greek. The Athenians don't represent all Greeks. In fact every populated Greek island was ruled by a king. There was also the kingdom of Mycene, the kingdom Epirus, the kingdom of Macadon, the kingdom of cyrene, the odrysian kingdom, the kingdom of Pergamon, the Bosporian kingdom, the kingdom of Pondus ect... all Greek! Greeks i general and even Athens, after they converted to democracy wasn't against small empires either as we see the Aetolian leagues and Achean leagues and also the Chysaorian league. Later there is of course the Ptolemaic kingdom, the Greco- bactrian kingdom the indo-Greek kingdom, the selucid empire and one could also argue the Greco-Roman empire. All of them Greek.
The Spartans actually had an intricate political system in place, with the Council of Elders ("Gerousia", something like the Senate), the 5 annually elected Ephors (very roughly speaking, the "executive branch", highest authority, their decisions judged by the 5 Ephors of the next term), and the Assembly (Apella, an assembly in which all Spartan citizens accepted or rejected motions using "range voting", i.e., the loudness of their voice!). Its 2 kings had no political role; King #1 was in charge of war affairs and was the commander of the armies, and King #2 was in charge of religious ceremonies. This was an ingenious system devised by Lycurgus, the legendary lawmaker, and it was meant to sideline the importance of hereditary rule and nobility: 2 kings (such that no dynasty conflict would ensue) with no actual power, but lots of "honor", to keep them happy - genius!
@@funkyfiss you've prompted me to consider, this (us) lazy culture of humans are busy finding differences in order to highlight bias virtues, whilst the people wiping their arses with rocks or leaves were making sense of the infinite complexity in nature and culture
@@lemilemi5385 what do you mean by that?
@@funkyfiss It's absolute false. How old are you?
The music is really good on this episode. Holly crap was it fitting.
@Robust Misconcepiton it's from today North Macedonia region..
I know we love bickering about whose is the name, but music is a little more fluid than borders and names.
The 5/8 and 7/8 patterns and the repetitive choruses are a fairly common theme amongst the Balkan nations, the Italian peninsula and also lets not forget the celtic folk music (Bretonic, Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic) which holds a lot of commonalities with their eastern european counterparts.
The reason these sounds hold well against this video is the regional association we have built in our collective consciousness, which in turn dictates that this is the music of our land, and our land only.
Also, they are pretty sick tunes
I think it's the Civ 6 Macedonian soundtrack, based on the song Tino mori
It's Civ VI's Macedonian OST, and it's amazing!
;@Ilija Stojanoski your country's name is literally "the republic of north macedonia"
"Get me the linothorax stretcher, now!"
~Archelaus of Macedon
No Greek kings? Sparta, Argos, Corinth, Thessaly, Thebes, Epirus and many many more would like a word. Athens was unusual for after its early democratic reforms having no king at all, some kind of hereditary monarch for life was very common. And the historians you quote did look down on the Hellenic Macedonian kingdom, but as you point out it wasn't considered barbarian. Ancient Greeks kind of had a perception that in Greece itself, everyone to the south of you was snobbish and arrogant and everyone to the north was wild and stupid. They had no scruples accepting that the Macedonians spoke Greek and were Dorian (one of the Greek ethnicities). The major issues were the rural, cavalry, hereditary based organisation and customs which contrasted with the urban, seafaring and competitive organisation in the south
Actually democracy became really common after the Persian Wars. Korinthos, Argos and part of Thessaly became a democracy. Same with Elis and parts of Arcadia.
@@TheLacedaemonian I wasn't trying to say there were no Greek democracies: more that Greece wasn't only democracies, and that other cultural conflicts seemed to have taken precedence at the time
@@Rynewulf The question is, what were Dorians?
@@arbers7271 A Greek tribe. The four major Greek tribes in antiquity, as others have written here, were Dorians, Achaeans, Ionians and Aeolians. Dorians settled mostly in Macedonia, in the Peloponnese (e.g. Sparta, Argos, Corinth), on some islands close to Asia Minor and in some cities on the coast opposite (e.g. Dorian Hexapolis) and in Doris in Central Greece.
Spartan kings were different. There was also the Ephors, the "body of elders", the democratic Apella, the 2 kings etc.
Other places yes.
And archaic Greece was similar.
Im honored to be born as Greek🇬🇷
"How much of the CIV VI soundtrack would you like to use for this episode?"
K&G: "Yes"
the songs are based on macedonian folk music i believe
One member of the agead Royal family, Alexander.
No not that one 6:21
No, still not that one 19:40
20:18 Yep That one.
One of the best videos I have ever seen. The research and the sources that are used make this video very trustworthy
I love how you use in your videos the themes for each civilization from civ 5 and 6
The iconography is beautiful
"No greeks could live under a monarch"
Sparta: Am i a joke to you??
Spartan Kings were Diarchs...
@@MogofWar Yeah, two kings, don't be pedantic about it. Sparta still lived under a monarchy.
@@chris7372 Except there was never just one and the Oligarchs had Veto power over the deeds of past Diarchs and each Diarch had Veto power over his fellow Diarch. I WAS just making a silly one liner for cheap laughs (bonus points for grasping the meta aspect) but seeing as you decided to disagree with a joke and this IS a CZcams, I'll be as be as pedantic as I want to be. Not only was Sparta not a Monarchy, as their system was just from top to bottom absolutely nothing like any other Monarchy before Rome took a shot at imitating aspects of them. (After they abolished their monarchy.) But it's also entirely possible that they never even were. For one their council always elected their kings, and it's unclear what actually constituted royalty as the origins of the Diarchy go back to the illiterate period known as the Greek Dark Age. For another there's little to no evidence suggest that there any cultural continuity between the Sparta of the Mycenaean Era and the Sparta of the Classical Era. Meaning the Spartan Monarchy of the Mycenaean Era that we knew to exist had was literally not the same political unit, probably not even the same nation as the Dorians had a bit of a Genocidal streak before the they decided to chill just a smidge (and I do mean just a smidge as the utter madhouse that was Post-Dorian Sparta...that is their CHILL..) so we're reasonably certain that the invading Dorians completely annihilated the Mycenaean Era Spartans down to the last man, woman, or child, and established their own political entity in the region. (Or rather did so to the urban population at and likely converted any survivors of their terrorizing of the countryside to enslaved Helots.) Being the foothold of the Dorian invasion seemed to be a major part of the identity of the Spartan Warrior Cult, while the order of the city seemed to radiate from the military order of their army... While legends speak of the first line of kings having eventually run to a dynastic dispute to resolve the origins of the dual royalty, the legends themselves were phenomenological, describing something that was already the case rather than actually documenting any ongoing event. It was entirely possible that two different armies were involved in the conquest of the region and any common ancestry of the two royal families was from before they even reached Greece and they formed a single political unit rather than two disparate units because their goal was conquer to conquer all of Europe, not rule over a small patch of it for 1200 years or so.
TL;DR: not only was Sparta not a monarchy, but they most likely never were one to start with.
@@chris7372 *lived under a diarchy
Your presentation is a 1800s/1900s view of that part of the world, and is primary based on the teachings of the German pseudo-historian Droysen, which is falsified at great length. "Greece" was created by the Bavarians at about 1829, it never existed in the BC period as people have been taught, rather back then below Macedonia there were "hellenes" who were of a cultural/religious movement/ideal, not a nationality of people. The real "Greeks" were the Danaians, pirate/marauders who arrived at a place called Helea, and who were African/Arabian origin. The real inhabitants hundreds of years before in Macedonia all the way down to the Peloponnese were Aryan European people, and that is why many historians and linguists such as Max Vasmer trace the Slavic language even down to the Peloponnese, through the study of onomastics and toponyms. Greece today is a mixture of various nationalities, such as Romei, Arvanite/Albanian, Turk and sub-Saharan people, it has nothing to do with the civilization of the ancient period, but was used as a political and economic creation to gain an upper hand in the Balkans and weaken the Ottoman Empire during the time. The Bavarians introduced King Otto as being king of the newly formed "Greeks", and an Albanian as the first prime-minister of "Greece". Their language was the introduction of the Koine language/script in modern form. The French scholar Champollion described accurately the texts of the Rosetta Stone as being written in Egyptian hieroglyphic, ancient Macedonian and new Macedonian (Koine), not as "Greek" as they are falsely described in the west. This information has also been deciphered by Macedonian Professors Aristotel Tentov and Tome Boshevski. The ancient Macedonians were Aryan European people, just like the Macedonians today, and both speak the ancient Macedonian language, these days in modern form, which is Homeric in nature and known today as "Slavic". In fact, all Slavic language groups come from the Macedonistic language family. Arthur de Cobineau, Histoire des Perses, Paris, 1870, writes the following: "… Macedonians could not be Greek, they were not Greek by origin, customs nor by characteristics. Their rulers did not have anything Hellenic. Their history was similar with one of the Illyrian, Thrace and Paeonic population, with whom they bordered, but not with the history of the Hellenic city-states." Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Phillip II was Macedonian/Aryan European, and the Argos that is mentioned is most probably Argos Orestiko in the Greek-occupied Macedonian territory from 1913.
You do some glorious work! Thank you for that
Damn...this is VERY High Quality stuff. Excellent work gentlemen
"So, those are the Greeks and their neighbors the Funny Hat Greeks." -- Casual Persians
Your presentation is a 1800s/1900s view of that part of the world, and is primary based on the teachings of the German pseudo-historian Droysen, which is falsified at great length. "Greece" was created by the Bavarians at about 1829, it never existed in the BC period as people have been taught, rather back then below Macedonia there were "hellenes" who were of a cultural/religious movement/ideal, not a nationality of people. The real "Greeks" were the Danaians, pirate/marauders who arrived at a place called Helea, and who were African/Arabian origin. The real inhabitants hundreds of years before in Macedonia all the way down to the Peloponnese were Aryan European people, and that is why many historians and linguists such as Max Vasmer trace the Slavic language even down to the Peloponnese, through the study of onomastics and toponyms. Greece today is a mixture of various nationalities, such as Romei, Arvanite/Albanian, Turk and sub-Saharan people, it has nothing to do with the civilization of the ancient period, but was used as a political and economic creation to gain an upper hand in the Balkans and weaken the Ottoman Empire during the time. The Bavarians introduced King Otto as being king of the newly formed "Greeks", and an Albanian as the first prime-minister of "Greece". Their language was the introduction of the Koine language/script in modern form. The French scholar Champollion described accurately the texts of the Rosetta Stone as being written in Egyptian hieroglyphic, ancient Macedonian and new Macedonian (Koine), not as "Greek" as they are falsely described in the west. This information has also been deciphered by Macedonian Professors Aristotel Tentov and Tome Boshevski. The ancient Macedonians were Aryan European people, just like the Macedonians today, and both speak the ancient Macedonian language, these days in modern form, which is Homeric in nature and known today as "Slavic". In fact, all Slavic language groups come from the Macedonistic language family. Arthur de Cobineau, Histoire des Perses, Paris, 1870, writes the following: "… Macedonians could not be Greek, they were not Greek by origin, customs nor by characteristics. Their rulers did not have anything Hellenic. Their history was similar with one of the Illyrian, Thrace and Paeonic population, with whom they bordered, but not with the history of the Hellenic city-states." Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Phillip II was Macedonian/Aryan European, and the Argos that is mentioned is most probably Argos Orestiko in the Greek-occupied Macedonian territory from 1913.
@@Nik-xi2ri He even wrote the exact same thing on another comment.
@@danielm3670 Why don't you speak the "new Macedonian (Koine)" of the Rosetta Stone?
your a Dummy ...
@@danielm3670 lmao youre a brainwashed by titos 1945 bullshit shutup lmao
Dude I'm only halfway through this video and I already love it.
The animation style, the narration (as delightfully monotone as it is) and the information are all top notch. I never knew much about Macedon before King Philip, this is an awesome topic for one of your videos.
I'm especially enjoying the segment on language.
This video is notreally about Macedonian history. All they have done is cherry pick evidence to spend most of the time claiming ancient Macednians were not Greeks... when the vast vast majority of the evidence suggests the opposite. The is video is modern political propaganda purposes... to hide their mistake of calling Greece's slavic neighbours "Macedonians".
Great video guys, honestly, one of the best channels on YT! Keep creating content on Greek history
Very interesting to watch, pretty detailed, and the music in the background is good! Good job.
Just wanted to say that you guys are my favorite CZcams channel since last year. You guys make excellent work and I thoroughly enjoy the way you guys explain things. The death treats are very dissapointing to hear. Nobody will ever know for sure how things went and even if u guys make some mistakes here and there, thers is no reason to be like this. Keep doing what you doing because a great amount of people love your content!
Bravo! Yet again, an informative, structured and carefully animated video on a not-so-known but very interesting topic! Keep up the good work!
@Kings and Generals I added Greek subtitles to the video and checked them twice for mistakes. I would be glad if you could accept them. In any case congrats for the amazing job and keep up the good work!!!
Take back your city Greek. You know the one.
@@rfkwouldvebeenaok1008 They'll need help
@@AimForMyHead81 they should rebuild the varangian guard.
Man, the illustrations make the videos look more gorgeos and that makes you feel satisfaction all the time.
That bit about the patch of light was epic.
A astonishing episode. Congrats!! Please, make a video like this telling us the history of the kings, generals and the city-state of Sparta. Thanks 👊🏻👊🏻
Wonderful! I for one salute you for enlightening us on such an obscure topic!
That was great!
Always love to learn more about aciant greece while playing AC Odyssey
I'm playing though it as well and listening to the same thing.
Wow! The artwork! The map. Yes, the content is always a no brainer; top class.
As always, a very good video, keep up with that quality! I have to say I'm really glad to see you consider Philip as a great king, who had an important reign. It's still a bit complicated to talk about this period without just saying how great was Alexander. Historian's work like yours try to show the reality, the greatness of other kings, and among them, Philip. Nothing was possible for the Macedonia without him
Funny but sad fact
:
Ancient Greeks from southern regions (Athens, Sparta, Thebes) often used degrading terms for northern Greeks (Epirus, Macedon, Thessaly).
EXACTLY the same happens nowadays. A great example are the football rivalries between the Athenian and Macedonian(Thessaloniki) teams, where the Macedonians are usually complaining about the degrading words, the southern Greeks, use for them.
The reverse is also true, though. But yeah, as far as successful teasing goes, the southerners are winning :D
Epirus and Macedon Greek? :D XD
@@arbers7271 Yeap if not Greek then what they could be? Chinese, Australian or Albanian?
@@ElectricTheseus You can read some books and you will find the answer
@@arbers7271 After 7 years of studying history/archaeology having a master's related to Hellenistic era (to help you understand, this era is called like this because Macedonians spread the Greek civilization to the whole known world). Reading books/articles from accomplished historians who teach in major Univ. in the world, the ''read some books'' may fit better in your case, dear Albanian.
Perfectly done. Thank you.
Oh Alex , you said it all in just one sentence!
"There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service - but how different is their cause from ours ! They will be fighting for pay- and not much of it at that; WE on the contrary shall fight for GREECE, and our hearts will be in it. As for our FOREIGN troops -Thracians, Paeonians, Illyrians,Agrianes - they are the best and stoutest soldiers of Europe, and they will find as their opponents the slackest and softest of the tribes of Asia."
Arrian (The Campaigns of Alexander) Alexander talking to the troops before the battle. Book 2-7 Penguin Classics. Page 112. Translation by Aubrey De Seliucourt.
Mονο που η λεξη ''Γραικος''(Greeks-Greece κτλ) δεν αναφερεται πουθενα στον Αρριανο ουτε στον Πλουταρχο αλλα μονο η λεξεις ''Ελληνες΄΄(Ηellenes) Η Ελληνικό(Hellenic)
Kαλο θα ειναι να αποβαλουμε ενα ονομα που μας το φορτωσαν αλλοι ασχετα εαν υπηρχε σαν μια φυλη στην Ηπειρο..
Ο Αλεξανδρος ειπε...Αλέξανδρος Φιλίππου καί οι Έλληνες(Hellenes) πλήν Λακεδαιμονίων από τών βαρβάρων τών τήν Ασίαν κατοικούντων ..
@@andyrockevo
Φίλε μου αποδίδω το κείμενο από το συγγεκριμένο βιβλίο, όπως το αναφέρει ο μεταφραστής.
Εννοείτε πως στο πρωτότυπο είναι "Έλληνες" , τα έχω τα βιβλία και τα τέσσερα άλλωστε από τον ΚΑΚΤΟ , αλλά δεν έχω βρεί άλλη πηγή με Αγγλική μετάφραση με την απόδοση όπως είναι στο πρωτότυπο.
Πάντως για το σκοπό που το παρουσιάζω , η δουλειά που θέλουμε γίνεται στο 100 %.
Όσο για το Γραικός , είναι μεγάλη συζήτηση.
Πριν είκοσι χρόνια είχα την ίδια άποψη με τη δική σου. Πλέον δε με απασχολεί και τόσο.
Άλλωστε κατά τον Αριστοτέλη αυτό ήταν το όνομά μας πριν το Έλληνες.
@@sumax-nz1je
Τι θα πρέπει να πιστεύω για τους Δάρδανες ακριβώς;
Χωρίς κανένα γραπτό ιστορικό η αρχαιολογικό τεκμήριο μόνο εικασίες μπορούν να γίνουν.
So a new nation of former Bulgarians now form North Macedonians identity. Now they wish to steal Bulgarian History . How did Tito manage to fill his Macedonism with such a hatred towards Bulgarians. Very demonic man and very demonic theory- Tito's Macedonism (Anti- Bulgarianism). This theory must not exist! This is not right! This is very wrong.
@@petremitrov PETRE AJ NE TRESKAJ GLUPOSTI.
"The Macedonians lived under a king. This was unfathomable to the greeks."
Sparta: Am I a joke to you?
The Spartans didn't live under *a* king, they lived under 2! :D
The Spartan Kings were just High Ranking Generals and Theologians.
Also were direct Descendants of Hercules.
Plus they were not nearly as powerful as a macedonian king. They only had some executive power for the most part. A religious “high-priest” king who was always in Sparta and a warrior king that went on campaigns. Most of the Legislative power resided with the Euphors and the Senate or “Gerousia”, bodies which had power over the kings themselves. This is all from memory so there are probably minor mistakes. Anyway, Totalitarian regimes just were not very prevalent in Hellas, even in Sparta and Makedonia was the exception indeed
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC - 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas Koine Greek: [a.lék.san.dros ho mé.gas]), was a king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from Greece to northwestern India.He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders...
πως ειναι δυνατον οι αρχαιοι Μακεδονες ομιλουσα Ελληνικα και εγραφα και οι σλαβομακεδονες να μην εχου αλφαβητο και να ερθει ο Κυριλλος 800νχρονια μεταχριστο να τους δωση το κυριλλικο Αλφαβητο που εχου οι Ρωσσοι οι Βουλγαροι οι Σερβοι και αλλοι
Ancient Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə; Greek: Μακεδονία), also called Macedon (/ˈmæsɪdɒn/ MASS-ih-don), was an ancient Greek kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties. Home to the ancient Macedonians, the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, and bordered by Epirus to the southwest, Illyria to the northwest, Paeonia to the north, Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south.
I love how Kings and Generals talk about ancient cultures and civilisations we merely know about. The video on the Etruscans was amazing, now it is on Ancient Macedonia. We all know about Philip II or Alexander the Great, how much of us know about the history of Macedonia before Alexander the Great? Excellent work Kings and Generals. Can I please request you to make videos on any of the iron age or bronze age cultures of Europe?
The music the Animations and the Maps are perfect great video
πρὸς δὲ καὶ βασιλέϊ τῷ πέμψαντι ἀπαγγείλητε ὡς ἀνὴρ Ἕλλην, Μακεδὼν ὕπαρχος, εὖ ὑμέας ἐδέξατο.
You should say to the King [King of Persia] who send you that a Hellene [Alexander I of Macedon], the Grandmaster of Macedon, Welcomed you.
Herodotus [5.20.4]
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
Ἕλληνας δὲ εἶναι τούτους τοὺς ἀπὸ Περδίκκεω γεγονότας, κατά περ αὐτοὶ λέγουσι, αὐτός τε οὕτω τυγχάνω ἐπιστάμενος καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖσι ὄπισθε λόγοισι ἀποδέξω ὡς εἰσὶ Ἕλληνες.
Now that these descendants of Perdiccas are Hellenes, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history.
Herodotus [5.22.1]
@@rick8219 no bro. You have to choose if you wanna be Macedonian/Greek or Bulgarian. Macedonian means nothing more then North Greek. Todays North Macedonia is Slavobulgarian State who trys to steal history from Greece and Bulgaria.
@@rick8219 listen to Herodot.... he knows better.😉
This is the original text/source, not CZcams crap.
@@rick8219 we don't have to decide, we have our identity, we are fine... you are the one strugeling with their identity. To be Macedonian you first have to be Hellene. 🇬🇷
@@rick8219 their were Greek mercenarys, thats why they fought against Alexander, mercenarys always fought just for money. Also the Greeks fought themselfs many times, this was very commom to this times because the Greeks were never full united. Phillip II was the first one who united all the Greeks (exept Sparta) and created the Panhellenic leage.
Your arguments are very poor and they confirm your historical ignorance.
In the end of the day historical books don't care about the Propaganda of a Country with 2.000.000 people. The World knows that Alexander and Macedonia is part of Greek History and if you study history in every University of western world you will learn this.
BTW don't forget that your Country have given away the rights of ancient Macedonia heritage with the prespa agreement. Thats why we exept your new Countrys Name.
@@rick8219 also the real ancient Macedonian Territory is north Greece, Aegean Macedonia like you use to call. Your Country was Paeonian Land in ancient times, Barbarian Territory. All the ancient Tombs and old Macedonian Citys are in Greece and all the relics are in Greek Museum. Come to Vergina to See the Tomb of Phillip II.... its amazing. 😉👍
18:45 , so at around 400 BC the Macedonian simple people were able to attend theatrical plays, performed in the Athenian dialect (which was basically Ionian dialect). I guess that tells us how easy was t understand, so how not-so-different was the Doric dialect that the Macedonians were speaking for centuries, to another Hellenic dialect (the Ionian-Athenian).
The first part of this documentary keeps telling about "Hellenization" of the Macedonian kingdom, but we must remind ourselves : this term (which is an unfortunate term in my opinion) only means the "urbanization" of the [Hellenic already] kingdom. The kingdom was Greek , the citizens were Greeks/Hellenes, they spoke a Hellenic dialect and had the Hellenic religion for centuries. What changed during the 5th century is that their economy was not anymore based solely on agriculture and live-stock breeding (sheep, goats etc) , but it get also into trading (timber , gold etc ,. and also bringing products from their northern barbarian neighbors and selling them to other Greeks, and buying products from the other Greeks and selling them to their northern neighbors). And also they started living in bigger cities (since new professions emerged, apart from the traditional farmers and shepherds ). I feel like the whole video is not daring to say that Macedonians were just another Greek/Hellenic tribe, but something else that slowly converged into Hellenism during 7-5 century B.C.
The music used resembles traditional themes from the region. Well done guys!! =)))) amazing job as always!
;)
from 9:00 is a Macedonian folk song from the republic of Macedonia .. I guess in the Greek part of Macedonia as well this song is familiar .... i am glad you recognized it.
@@ANANANAJA76 Yes, indeed but it actually starts at around 7:35 with the instrumentals of the very beautiful Macedonian song, 'Тино мори' - transliterated - ''Tino Mori' (which has very sad lyrics). It's still enjoyed in the Republic of Macedonia today and is often used as the theme music for many productions.
Great job Fellas, as always. It's tough to find many people or scholars who wanna touch any early Macedonian History. Hats off.
Wow what a professional production and very educational. New subscriber
I love the Civ 6 theme songs with the voice over it goes so well
This year is the 2500th anniversary of the legendary battle of Thermopylae and the victorious battle of Salamis in 480 bc.
Q: What's purple and conquers the world?
A: Alexander the Grape.
Nice
Kudos to you sir. You made me laugh.
@Klaidi Rubiku the name? Μέγας Αλέξανδρος
@Klaidi Rubiku Αλέξανδρος ο Έλλην αλλά όχι και τόσο μέγας/σπουδαίος thats how its written hahah as for the reading part i guess you could put it in google translate , althought it would probably sound a bit weird there.
@Klaidi Rubiku Alexander of Macedon = "Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών"
(per Wikipedia)
same gods, same language (except if someone can point out one or two "macedonian" words that are not greek), same customs, same culture but different people? now this is plainly stupid.
Thucydides considered also Aitolians ( central Greece ) as barbarians because of their unrefined Greek dialect. Generally he considered barbarian everyone who didn't speak the Attic dialect. ''Dude, what are you doing with your life if you dont speak the Attic dialect'', got it!. The only city state in mainland Greece speaking the Attic dialect was Athens ( leaving outside some islands that spoke the ionian dialect which was very close to the attic ). And if we reckon that there were 30-40000 free Athenians and the rest were slaves mainly from Thrace and Scythia who didint have close connection with the Attic dialect we conclude that there were 40000 Greeks in the classical period, roughly!!! ohhh small correction, 39,999 if we dont count Alcibiades ...!!! Hahaha way to go, nice argument for the supporters of the non-greek Macedonia theory!!! haha . Thanks God this theory faded even in Skopje!!!
Skopje is not far from Minoan and Mycenian cultures !
Already diged up and put as museum exponents in museum of the histoty of North Macedonia !
Not feded up for future generation !
You wanted to whipe "Macedonia" in our name ?
But if Republic is made Macedonia , even with preposition "North" it is a big big
b i n g o o o !
My friend !
@@voskreglavincevska3651 Ok slavobulgarian , whatever helps you sleep at nights. Monkeydonian
The ancient maccedonians, Epirus and Sparta are the real Proto Hellenic Greeks/Indo European Dorians they carry DNA haplo group R. While Athenians, Thebes, Corinth and other city states are Hellenized Anatolians they carry J2 DNA Haplo group, while Thessaly and others are Pelasgians they carry DNA haplo group E1b1b/E-V13. This is why they call then selves Hellenestics. All of them has unique contribution in Hellenistic culture. This is why modern Greece today is mixed DNA haplo group J2, E, R. The Anatolians J2 and Pelasgians E is the first people of Greece and the founder of Mycenean civilization, while the Hellenic Indo European/Proto Greeks are the one who Invaded Mycenean civilization. During the classical period of Greece they are all the same in sphere of influence culture they speak Hellenics dialects like Doric, Ionics, and worshiping Hellenic Indo European Gods
Offcourse not only the Greeks is mixed now, also almost all nations now are mixed people because of migrations and invasions
The word “barbarian” originated in ancient Greece, and was initially used to describe all non-Greek-speaking peoples, including Persians, Egyptians, Medes and Phoenicians
@@shane5591 Oto german make Greece before 190 years.
"ancient wood".
Well someone's been playing a little bit too much Civilization VI lately eh? Hahaha I've heard the soundtrack so much it was immediately recognizable
Literally as soon as I heard it I scrolled to the comments to see if anyone else noticed.
Almost every video ive seen so far has civ 6 music and it makes me throw on another deity game with Carthage or somethin 😪😂
They are saying too much which is not true because the Illyrian were there and the oldest language in Balkan and in Europe is Illyrian before the Greeks
@@simplehd4050 You can dream on..
@@nikosiakovidis1952 In Dreams only Japan was and living because they have worked hard for 500 years, in Balkan was and is war no dreams and no peace.
The Kingdom of Cyrene, the Odryssian Kingdom and Tarentum would all be fascinating topics if were diving down this rabbit hole
*_"It should be noted that there is NO CONNECTION between the ancient Macedonians of Alexander the Great who were related to other Greek tribes, and the modern so-called "Macedonians" of today of the modern country called Republic of North Macedonia who are a Slavic people related to Bulgarians"_* . [David H Levinson, anthropologist, Encyclopaedia of World Cultures', p. 239]
and is also Greek ,Macedonia
Strabo was a Greek geographer, philosopher and historian
(63 BC - 23 AD)
Phillip II would have been known throughout history as Phillip the Great if his kid hadn't conquered the world.
About the Sunlight.
According to Greek Mythology,
Greeks(Hellenes) are Descendants of The God Helios (also Apollo),The Greek God of the Sun,in Greek Helios(Ήλιος) means Sun.
Hellenes itself derives from the word Helios.
During ancient times many Kings and Warriors wore the Sun Symbol for their Insignia, Examples are The Macedonian Kings, Achilles, Syracuse etc.
The other three Greek Symbols are:
The Owl for Athens,after the Goddess Athena.
The Lamba for Sparta,afther the Area Of Lakaidemonia.
And the Digrama ΧΡ after Christ,used by The Eastern Roman Emperors.
NICK PASCHIENTIS
Looks like the Japanese aren’t the only people who were descended from the sun.☀️
Oh Helios/Amaterasu
@@kinglouiev9530 The are Part of The Rising Sun.
Also The did Fought with one another,So Heck Why not.
I declare that Japanese and Mayas Are Greeks By My (Non) Divine Right.
NICK PASCHIENTIS We all can’t live without Helios, or me. I am the Sun King who rules France through divine right. Lol
@@kinglouiev9530 You Are Just A Heretic,
Bowing to Chaos.
But The God Emprahhh,Will Break Your Existence With HIS Psychic Powers.
@@xunqianbaidu6917 It's called Mythology for A Reason.
And Yes Έλλην comes from Ήλιος ,but with changing a Letter from Η to Ε,Both letters sound the same in Greek.
And most of the time are interchangeable.
Can I just say, I legit watch this channel everyday. And I must admit this channel made me find a love of history.
Every question I need answered thru all the rabbit holes of learning history K&G’s damn near hits all of em it’s crazy & #1 history channel ong
Actually, why Greeks in general were fans of democracy? Most of them were under either oligarchy (rule of few, a council) or monarchy (rule of one) political regimes. And they were as anti-democratic as they were anti-Athenians...
Because Oligarchy still had a Parliament were All People could Speak.
Kings Were Bound to Parliaments and Laws.
And Tyrants took the Thrones by Force.
@@nickpaschentis5284 *All land-owning men
Spartan had Kings (two in fact at the same time) so inferring kingship was unknown to the Greeks isn't totally accurante.
Greece's democracy nowadays is kind of oligarchy
ancient democracy was totally different from modern western democracy. for the ancient greeks, so-called democracy was only applicable for villages and small towns, but not for empires or big states (which, according to the greeks, should be ruled by a king) . also, so called democracy is the natural ruling system (tribal or communal governance system) of every independent village or town, which is not subjugated to the central rule of a government. the tribal rule of the arab, non-persian iranian, germanic, turkic tribes ect was almost exactly the same as democracy. the moder day western democracy has nothing to do with greek democracy
I hate the argument of "the Athenians thought of them as barbarians so they are barbarians", firstly not all Athenians thought of the Macedonians as barbarians, look at Isocrates (an Athenian patriot) who famously said to Philip " I know not what more I need to say, except this only-that it will be a fine thing for you to entrust your royal power and your existing prosperity into the keeping of the goodwill of the Hellenic race."
Even Polybius says about Alexander: "you never mentioned how he inflicted punishment on the Persians for their outrages on all the Greeks, and how he delivered us all from the greatest evils by enslaving the barbarians and depriving them of the resources they used for the destruction of the Greeks", while also praising Macedonia: "how highly should we honour the Macedonians, who for the greater part of their lives never cease from fighting with the barbarians for the sake of the security of Greece?"
ISocrates Kimon and Philip ΄s idea is firstly pointed out by homer rapsody b iliad (civil war on money and power)
The real paradox is that the Greeks considered the PERSIANS as barbarians !!! The same Alexandros o tzimiskês realised, after having burned it down, that Persepolis had been the occular testimony of a civilisation much more advanced than that of the Greek fishers, shepherds, merchants and occasional wariors !
@@ezzovonachalm7038 who is Alexandros o tzimiskes? Also, barbarian simply meant anyone who was not Greek/ could not speak Greek. In the Macedonian Wars, the Greeks called the Romans barbarians. It doesn't necessarily mean what it means today (uncivilised, uncultured), it more accurately meant "different from us". The Greeks certainly had some sort of respect for Persia and the Persian king (as Xenophon's Kyrou Paideia shows).
@@ezzovonachalm7038 how many words in sience or music you ve got in your lang of an iranian derivation? You need persians as rulers urgently. You ll learn to appreciate freedom along with belly dancing and keeping your head ( forehead) and eyes stuck on the floor at all times while someone is passing through and your inferiority and unwortiness values your life or death
You have no idea how much this is helping me out for a paper I'm writing on them
Thessaloniki is a Macedonian city. Ancient writers from Thessaloniki wrote in the ancient Dorian dialect.
It's not Thessaloniki, it's Salonika (Solun)
One thing that was missing from the video, were the archaic archaeological findings of upper Macedonia that further indicate the greekness of the Macedonians. It is strange how modern archaelogy is usually absent from these videos and a lot of weight is being given in subjective “he said that and/or that myth said that”
Because its a history Chanel but i feel u 100% i study in archeology
@Arthur Valkan Dude! Macedonians are Greeks! They come from the same bloodlines as Spartans! DORIANS! You are Slavic and only came into the region in 600-700 AD! You should do your research and truly find where your ancestors are from. Wouldn't you wanna know? Instead of going through life as a lie
@Arthur Valkan omg... can you get more UNEDUCATED and FAKE than that!!! LOL...
An anti-Greek Bulgaro-slavic STUPID propaganda from someone sooooo uneducated and fanatic like you!!!... Another Bulgarian PSEUDO-Macedonian you are bro, with your FAKE pseudo-historical PSEUDO-ARGUMENTS!!!
Just for the record, Macedonia were under Turkish rule at the time that you are accusing Greeks fabricating the Pseudo Fake Artifacts you are talking about!!! LOL..
The Greeks under Ottoman Rule during 18th and 19th century they fabricate that??? REALLY ARTHUR??? Really bro???
SHUT THE F@CK UP MALAKA with your uneducated stupid propaganda... for GODS sake SHUT THE F@CK UP ARTHUR!!! ...
Been fanatic its ok, i get it Arthur,, but been uneducated and talking SHIT in public it's not ok bro... EDUCATE yourself before you post anything!!!
OMG... The Greeks fabricated your stupid propaganda during 18th and 19th century when the TURKS ruled the area???... How someone be more STUPID than that ARTHUR??? SHUT THE F@CK UP !!! OMG!!!
@Arthur Valkan bro... cut the BULL SHIT with me... You are a DESPICABLE LIAR bro and you are F@@@L OF SHIT with ZERO - but ZERO knowledge of any kind of HITSORY...
You said that the Greeks fabricated the artifacts during 18th and 19th century when Greece were under TURKISH RULE For God's sake!!! YOU ARE STUPID and LIAR bro...
You are the lowest form of Bulgaro-Skopian PROPAGANDA with no idea about history...
You are the SHAME of ACADEMIA (if you know what ACADEMIA is)...
SHUT THE F@CK UP and go back to the caves where you came from...
OMG how STUPIT and UNEDUCATED YOU ARE BROOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!
@Arthur Valkan PS. your level of education starts and finish on GOOGLE ... FIND ME THREE MEMBERS OF THE ACADIMIA that they accept your STUPIDITY ???
Find me THREE NON-BULGARO-ALBANO-TURKISH Archeologist that they accept the idea that Macedonia historically is not Greek!!!
Did you ever got out of Skopia or Bulgaria???
Did you ever visited any Library or any ACADEMIC establisment???
Greeks they fabricated the artifacts during 18th and 19th cntr mY @SS!!!
Stupid SHIT YOU ARE...
LOL
Am gonna take that and put it in public bro just to show the level of some low life propaganda SHIT like you...
you can NOT get LOWER than this bro...
DELETE YOUR F@CKING COMMENT you STUPID SHIT!!!
The Greatest History Channel.
Guys, this video of yours is a major achievement. Text, sources, language, jokes, graphics , pure fun for brain and heart.
thank you for finally giving the correct history :)
"No Greek could ever live in a monarchy"oh but they did.Many kings and tyrants existed in the greek world,although by the time's perceivement tyrrany was,well,tyrrany.Macedonians were just greeks that stuck in an older age,living in tribal communities and having that mentality.
Also,it was not hellenisation,but modernisation of a tribal undeveloped greek area and people.
Literally all of Greeks lived under god-kings (wanax) during Mycenean times. Funny, that people only learn about 5th century Athens these days.
Precisely so - the Macedonians had simply preserved much older societal structures; they were still close to the Homeric age in many aspects. Obviously this would seem weird to the southern Greek city-states by then. Doesn't mean much more than that though.
@@OkurkaBinLadin People have forgotten King Codrus of Athens... :(
I love hows they wrote Alexanders title and didnt just write Alexander shows the dedication
Excellent video! Im really fascinated by history, and especially ancient history. Macedon really was blessed (mostly) great and competent kings!
Nicholas Hammond also writes *_"At the end of the Bronze age, a residue of Greek tribes stayed behind in southern Macedonia (Pindus), one of these, the "Makedones" (Macedonians) occupied Aegai and expanded into the coastal plane of Lower Macedonia . In the 5th century BC, the Royal house of Macedon, the Temenidae, was recognised as Greek by the presidents of the Olympic games "_*
I believe this to be a good analysis, based on interesting facts. It is very important that the Persians identified the Macedonians as Greeks, as you point out. Also, the common religion as well as the common alphabet showcase that these people were part of the Hellenic world one way or another. In these times, the way we define national identity today, with our wikipedias and GPS, was not known. The southern states were very much consolidated and in contact with each other. The Macedonians in the north were more in contact with Illyrians and Thracians than any other kingdom. Hence, they developed different habits, thanks to their geography. Are the Bavarians German? Are the Tibetans Chinese? Yet, we tend not to dispute that. Alexander the Great started a war against Persia out of revenge for their attack on Greeks, although typically his kingdom was their ally, because they tried to stay out of trouble (like for example Thebes which also allied with the Persians). His empire spoke Greek, moreover the Attic type of Greek. He united Greece before setting out to his conquest. Of course not all city states were in favour of his father's venture, because they did not want to be subdued out of ego and pride. Yet this happened and the era is remembered as the Hellenistic years. Greek remained the language of the Eastern Mediterrenean for more than a thousand years. You cannot overlook these facts. The Macedonians were something like the North in Westeros of Game of Thrones. Different habits, different lifestyle, had a tendency for differentiation due to their distance, but still they were part of the greater whole that was the Hellenic world.
Moreover, as one pointed out further down, not all Greek states were democracies. That was mainly Athens and their allies. The other Greek states had a king or an oligarchy. When the Spartans conquered the Athenians in the Peloponnesian war, they established an oligarchy of 30 administors. Hence, it is not true that no Greek was a subject of a king, but it was actually very common even before the Macedonians took over. Athens was the first and primary democracy of the time. The other states were constantly between oligarchies and kingdoms.
Bless you
There are a LOTTA proofs that show that Macedonians weren't hellenic, jesus why you guys are trying so hard to prove the contrary...
@@viperking6573 Thank you for your answer, though I would like you to refer to this proof. I outlined some proof that show that they actually were Hellenic, which are already shown in this video. The important thing here is that we are studying history a posteriori and not in the time that we are spectating. The other Greek cities might have felt hostile towards them, but yet again they felt hostile with each other. The Macedonian actions have proven that they felt more familiar with their southern neighbours, than they did with their other neighbours. Is it because they drank their wine pure and not mixed with water? They lived further north, so perhaps it was colder and they needed heavier alcohol to keep warm. Why did they start a conquest that reached as far as India, against an empire which was typically their ally before, if they did not feel intimidated to do so? Why did they help the other Greek cities during the Persian wars? Why was Greek the language of Alexander's empire, and remained so in the eastern Mediterrenean, if they did not feel familiar with this language? Just because their nobility spoke Greek? I cannot think of an example in history where the lingua franca of a state is what the nobility speak. The English nobility spoke French during much of the time, yet the masses spoke the English language. If they conquered alien states which were Greek, and then reached so far east, why wasn't Macedonian the lingua franca of their empire? I recall, for example, that the Greek language is considered to be one of the hardest to speak by the English people, hence the phrase "it's all Greek to me". I am not saying that they were the exact same thing, but from the Greek history that is available, they show a lot of common traits to the rest of the Greek cities, much more than than the other civilisations of the Balkans or Anatolia. Therefore, they are a part of the Hellenic world.
@@larrys6678 Uhm so, I am a little bit tired right now and I don't wanna stay 20 minutes writing all of the things I read etc. 🤣, but I read various things:
- the biggest thing that lets us think macs weren't greeks is this: Greeks themselves did not consider the Macedonians greek, the guy that managed to participate had to prove that his family descended from people from Argos, the guy that talk about this used the adjective "shady" to describe the way the guy attempted to prove his family was originally from Argos.
- Apparently Macedonians were described as another people seperate from the Hellenes.
- The fact that the Persians called the Macedonians 'other greeks' is very interesting, and it could well be a proof that they were in fact hellenic, but it could also be due ti the fact that the Macedonians elites spoke Greek
- I read that Alexander said to love greek culture, which could imply he perceived it as a separate one, but I don't think this is a clear fact or anything.
Anyway, from the history I studied, my view on the issue is that Alexander the Great was a barbarian who really liked Greek culture, and that - with time, as he started his conquest of Persia - he hellenized his Macedonian kingdom and people, going from the aristocracy to the common people maybe, but about this last part I am really not sure.
Something that leads me to doubt these things is something that I'm starting to see while reading about history, and that is some sort of bias that leads to change history itself - to give an example think of the Byzantine Empire and the Latin Empire(the one formed by the crusaders), those actually weren't the names they were known by during their time, if you dig and find out the real nomenclature of the time you perceive and see that period differently -. I think we see history through the lenses of modern Nationalities, which always have a part that is artificial, aka formed through fake history biases, popular works of art or literature which could display romanticised facts about a certain group of people that is in fact false...
I hope the answer is clear I'm reaaally tired right now 🤣
Idk why diluting wine is considered part of what it means to be Greek??? also living in city-states and not having kings Since all of these were not practiced by Greeks in the Illiad.
Besides kings had existed in Athens and Sparta before the time of Lysander and Solon.
In festivals, Athenians would drink diluted wine so they wouldn't be wasted quickly and they would keep up all night long. By the time of the Persian and Peloponisian wars southern Greeks had abandoned monarchy and were looking down upon those who hadn't(Macedonians,Epirots,Cretans,etc). Actually the old aristocracy of Athens who posessed lands around the city and ships were highly critical of the younger generations of Athenians that only lived in the city and were very invested in politics and abandoned agriculture and ship-building
Because the Athenians were snobs. We see in Plato, Thucidydes and Athenaeus that other Greeks, such as the Aeolic tribe, Boeotians, Thessalians, Eleans, Aetolians, Acarnanians, even the Spartans for holding xenilasia law, are named barbarians because they were not as sofisticated as the Athenians
It's the Ancient Greek equivalent of wearing sandals with socks. Or what wearing pants was to the Romans. Just a dork move
It would be like if Americans thought American culture was all about hamburgers , rock music, buzz cuts... and they thought the manner in which the founding fathers dressed was barbaric.
@@worsethanjoerogan8061 It's like if you thought long hair made you not manly based on Christian beliefs, and had no idea Sampson existed or that Jesus is often depicted with long hair or...
Great channel, absolutely brilliant.
Could this be the best channel in the history of time?
Athenians : As a Greek and the purest and Fairest of them all i Shall unite the Greek world !
Spartans : Oh shut up you are an Egocentric Coin lover and you are Corrupt! I am Great Fighter and i have deffeated the Persians even you i have deffeated.
Macedonians : Sup
Other Greek Cities : The Chosen One!
It will bring balance to the greeks.
You forget the Thebans after the Spartans and before the Macedonians, although briefly. And after the Macedonians we have the Aetolians to a degree.
@@CinnabarSage In real life i am more Laconic, don't worry. Fingers are damn fast.
@@CinnabarSage hahahaha
@Philip Arvanitidis hello there
Hell yea man. Love Macedonian and classical Greek warfare
@SilverOrien cool i supose he mean like ''hell yea man. love sparty and classical greek warfare'' i mean no need to be scientific accurate
@@duskojowcewski643 you mean from skopia ,a state with slav ,and mix ethnicity with former albanian prime minister( zoran zaef ) with language a Bulgarian dialect and for some reason the above are Macedonian (you do not even know the meaning of the word Macedonia).....
@@alexsifounas3005 Kid will u shut the fuck up ur worse than a flaming polish kid playing league🤣🤣🤣
@@lucifermorningstar5639 you are undue ,i am not so bad... , i just say the truth . For us is like say...you "i am Athenian, instead of skopia we will name our country Athena and we will steal/take all the history behind it" me "you are not Athenian..." You (shut up you are like flaming kid play lol ) .me (🤔)
@@alexsifounas3005 okay here is the truth MACEDONIA WAS NEVER GREEK. Thats the truth :)
What a great speaker!I really enjoyed the video. 😃😀
After learning about the crafty machinations of Alexander I, the reason why Alexander III was such a brilliant tactician becomes even more apparent.
"Ευχαριστώ τους θεούς και τους γονείς μου που γεννήθηκα Έλληνας" Μέγας Αλέξανδρος (Alexander the Great) Αρριανός'
"I thank gods and my parents of being born Greek"
@@my8osprive "Ευχαριστώ τοις Θεοίς ότι εγεννήθην Έλλην" (I thank the gods for being born Greek).
Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander. Based on the book of Ptolemeus I Soter, Alexander’s friend.
Ο Θαλής είχε πει περίπου αυτό επίσης.
Your presentation is a 1800s/1900s view of that part of the world, and is primary based on the teachings of the German pseudo-historian Droysen, which is falsified at great length. "Greece" was created by the Bavarians at about 1829, it never existed in the BC period as people have been taught, rather back then below Macedonia there were "hellenes" who were of a cultural/religious movement/ideal, not a nationality of people. The real "Greeks" were the Danaians, pirate/marauders who arrived at a place called Helea, and who were African/Arabian origin. The real inhabitants hundreds of years before in Macedonia all the way down to the Peloponnese were Aryan European people, and that is why many historians and linguists such as Max Vasmer trace the Slavic language even down to the Peloponnese, through the study of onomastics and toponyms. Greece today is a mixture of various nationalities, such as Romei, Arvanite/Albanian, Turk and sub-Saharan people, it has nothing to do with the civilization of the ancient period, but was used as a political and economic creation to gain an upper hand in the Balkans and weaken the Ottoman Empire during the time. The Bavarians introduced King Otto as being king of the newly formed "Greeks", and an Albanian as the first prime-minister of "Greece". Their language was the introduction of the Koine language/script in modern form. The French scholar Champollion described accurately the texts of the Rosetta Stone as being written in Egyptian hieroglyphic, ancient Macedonian and new Macedonian (Koine), not as "Greek" as they are falsely described in the west. This information has also been deciphered by Macedonian Professors Aristotel Tentov and Tome Boshevski. The ancient Macedonians were Aryan European people, just like the Macedonians today, and both speak the ancient Macedonian language, these days in modern form, which is Homeric in nature and known today as "Slavic". In fact, all Slavic language groups come from the Macedonistic language family. Arthur de Cobineau, Histoire des Perses, Paris, 1870, writes the following: "… Macedonians could not be Greek, they were not Greek by origin, customs nor by characteristics. Their rulers did not have anything Hellenic. Their history was similar with one of the Illyrian, Thrace and Paeonic population, with whom they bordered, but not with the history of the Hellenic city-states." Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Phillip II was Macedonian/Aryan European, and the Argos that is mentioned is most probably Argos Orestiko in the Greek-occupied Macedonian territory from 1913.
@@danielm3670 yeah. Also the earth is flat we never gone to moon and you are a fan of conspiracy theory. Today Greeks, firstly, have nothing to do with Romans. They called themselves Romans because the were thought to be the one to inherit the glory of Rome. But from the time Erakleios was emperor the Byzantine Empire began to have more to do with Greece and Greek civilization. Furthermore, Greeks are not Turks because during the period that Greece was under Ottoman rule there was almost no mixture between turks and greeks. Greeks engaged their daughter from the age of 10 because they didn't want to marry Turks by force. Also Albanians are Slavs (well it is more complicated here but the point remains the same) and they have nothing NOTHING to do with Greeks. Finally, stop trying to prove that slavs own Macedonia. As for the names of some places this is because some slavs managed to move to southern greece (not many, do not say Greeks are Slavs). As for the so called "Macedonian language". Well they spoke Greek they were Greeks and there are many proofs. Stop act like an idiot.
@@danielm3670 Oh yeah, and noone.. ever.. reads Droysen.. Like ever...
You should do a documentary on Alexander's generals, like Coenus, Parmenion, Ptolemy, Craterus, etc 👍🏻
Nice historical video from excellent historic channel it was enjoyable video
I am very pleased how this video emits clarity for the Macedonian people.