Sleep Stages, Sleep Cycle, and the Biology of Sleep

In this video, Dr. Kushner examines the science of sleep, including sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, REM) and sleep cycle.
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Corrections:
➡️3:20: "Suprachiasmatic nucleus" is off screen
➡️9:15: I should have stated "Electroencephalogram"

[@PsychExplained]

Related video:
REM sleep: czcams.com/video/U4-6bQXoOkA/video.htmlsi=TejcgaR74WRRLtu8

[@mikepeng1568]

This is the best sleep stage/sleep cycle explanation on CZcams.

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you for watching! Glad I could help :)

[@Ag_paul]

I totally agree 🎉

[@JIRKA_Praha]

TOP NOTCH, no doubt 👏👏👏

[@qrstuvwx]

Thank you, answers everything!

[@kgs501]

This might just be the best usage of a whiteboard for a presentation, that I have ever seen

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you for the kind words!

[@sabaakhtar4680]

Watching this after reading Why we sleep by Matthew Walker. Amazing book. Amazing video. Simple and comprehensive

[@PsychExplained]

Walkers book (and research) is fantastic. Glad this helped as well!! 😴

[@sabaakhtar4680]

@@PsychExplained Could you make videos on the science behind dreaming and paranormality? I'm a neuroscience and behavioral science enthusiast and find your videos informative and engaging

[@nhidmia]

Hi, im from Malaysia. Not from science student but taking psych major as my degree. Just want to let you know your explanation is really good and i understand all of it. It help me and my friends a lot. Thank you so much !

[@PsychExplained]

That’s awesome! Hello from USA :)

[@ravidahiya8458]

SUPER......very well explained for a layman like me....the right level of technicalities....i am a 56 year old veteran!

[@PsychExplained]

So happy you enjoyed watching 🙏🏻

[@adrianteo2421]

The Best Sleep explanation I have ever heard

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you!

[@linaleon5734]

Thank you so much for your detailed video. I have been searching for this!

[@sriparnamondol9079]

You are an excellent teacher Sir

[@PsychExplained]

So nice of you

[@niesyauv03]

the best video abt sleep stage

[@PsychExplained]

So kind! Now time to get some 😴

[@neneshoriwa3657]

you explain so well it suddenly became easy to understand

[@kaiactual3328]

I’m studying for the EPPP. Excellent lecture, thanks

[@costantinekayombo5770]

I think it is more short and expressive that makes it awesome video on the topic

[@Sancochef]

Great video, crystal clear, thank you!

[@seyedmohamadmahdieskandari1723]

Thank you for explaining this!!!

[@ilaydahansu]

Excellent!! Best video ever about this topic❤

[@cicilg]

Great lecture! You keep the audience intrigued.

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you!

[@user-tm7og1fy9l]

I have a presentation tommorow relating to sleep cycle and this video helped me so much.
Thank you!!!

[@PsychExplained]

That’s awesome! Good luck 👍

[@khaledkhador1964]

This is by far the best explanation of sleep I've seen on YT, immediately subscribed and thanks for your hard work

[@PsychExplained]

Awesome! Thanks for joining 😎

[@nas_775]

thank you, great lecture on sleep and super helpful!

[@jeannemori1320]

excellent as I'm just starting and you broke it down so well. I appreciate that

[@PsychExplained]

Glad it helped 🧠🧠🧠

[@izzatulmardhiyah2814]

I wish i found this during my final exam 😢 very good video sir, thank you so much!

[@user-iz3oe6zn5j]

love your work just saw your vid before sleeping !

[@lclakier]

Thanks for an excellent lecture. Krauchi talks about a decrease in body core temperature and increased hand and feet heat promoting the onset of sleepiness.

[@jessen1462]

Thank you Dr Kushner.

[@PsychExplained]

Most welcome!

[@es8560]

Thank you for making this SUPER Awesome video! I really like the analogies you used; they are extremely helpful to me to make sense with the information. Thank you again! 🤝

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you!!

[@annemeluch2276]

Thanks so so much for this video it clarified a lot of questions about the spinal cord and sleep I had.

[@PsychExplained]

So glad!

[@hs6449]

Best best video ever, it’s help me a lot

[@PsychExplained]

Glad to hear!

[@carolynj.3463]

this is an amazing explanation you just saved me from re-listening to 2 hours of lecture thank you so much

[@claraarguelles2218]

Better teacher than what I have right now

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks for watching! 😇

[@user-bz2hk5xu4q]

Awesome explanation.

[@Priyanshu_19]

Thanks sir it was so simple

[@ahmedhamouda2932]

This is amazing. Thank you very much.

[@roronoazoro3204]

Thank u so much for this amazing explanation.
This type of explanation where u filll all the information on board where I see the whole picture Idk why but go straight to my long memory

[@PsychExplained]

Glad it was helpful 🧠

[@deegallarupananda6927]

Thank you so much for simplifying the complex

[@PsychExplained]

You're very welcome 👍

[@jacobwn3965]

You are amazing!! The best to demonstrate this!

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you! Happy learning 🧠

[@lindsaypack3464]

Fantastic video thank you so much!

[@marlyneizelmadrigal7228]

Very helpful, very informative discussion. Thank you so much

[@PsychExplained]

Glad it was helpful!

[@WonderMoo2022]

Excellent presentation, thank you so much! Your enthusiastic, confident teaching voice, speed & timing and simple, accurate whiteboard content was a pleasure to follow. Your 20 minute explanation helped me to consolidate and visualize many of the points made by Dr Andrew Huberman and Matt Walker (in hours of podcast material). Well done. 🎉

[@PsychExplained]

You're very welcome! I enjoy Hubermans discussions as well. Happy learning 😀

[@bintenur6684]

Excellent lecture

[@TerosLegacy]

This video was extremely well done.

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you for the kind words 🙏🏻

[@lisac7752]

Thank you for this video. I have been more aware of having hypnic jerks, and thought there was something wrong with me. It feels like being startled and I thought maybe too much cortisol. I've researched hypnic jerks and now I know that they are part of normal sleep cycle for up to 70% of people. I wake up every day feeling rested.

[@PsychExplained]

So happy to help!

[@oumaimahannachi5496]

great explanation.thnx

[@stephaniesmith6643]

Thank you. This is an excellent video.

[@PsychExplained]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@sreelakshmipadman3902]

Great Lecture sir 💗 Thankyou so much for this .This class just made very clear about all the doubts that i had about sleep cycle& stages

[@PsychExplained]

Excellent!

[@celestie02]

So beautifully explained

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks a lot 😊d

[@vikschannel2779]

Thanks so much for this awesome video! It was really helpful and your explanation is great! I had sleepwalking that night and I wanted to learn about the sleep cycles!

[@PsychExplained]

You're so welcome!

[@Kentai_Shimakaze]

Amazing video, i dislike listening to most lectures at school but your lectures make me love learning and studying. It really depends on the teacher and you're an amazing one

[@PsychExplained]

That’s awesome! Thank you for the kind words.

[@ladingtonrahe8137]

Best lecture on sleep 💤. Thanks for sharing

[@PsychExplained]

Your welcome 🙏🏻

[@keen2461]

Awesome explanation! Thanks for sharing.

[@PsychExplained]

Glad it was helpful!

[@underminezone7004]

Clear and easy to understand. I appreciate you for putting this together.

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you for the kind words :)

[@stevec5375]

I have virtually no REM sleep. I use an Apple Watch and use the Health App to monitor my fitness and sleep. In the past few weeks, it has shown little to no REM sleep. I can't remember the last time I actually had a good night's sleep. I have Parkinson's Disease and have had no indication that I might have REM sleep disorder. However, I do use medical cannabis to help me sleep and it doesn't work very well. I wake up every day exhausted. I know that I probably need to get a sleep study done to see what's going on but I can't imagine falling asleep in a clinic with so many wires attached to me.

[@PsychExplained]

I had a sleep study done a decade ago for sleep apnea and had an EEG attached all night long. It was uncomfortable but eventually fell asleep 💤

[@haythamaltalib2984]

thanks for this effort, it has vital info with very easy way of learning

[@PsychExplained]

So nice of you

[@1miracle1s]

Wow this is an amazing video, I wish there were more details

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks for watching!

[@kaulickmitra6898]

Amazing Explanation.

[@annavera02]

thankyou for this video!! the way you explain is so helpful ! :)

[@PsychExplained]

So happy to help 🤓

[@noone-kv7kf]

You are the bessssst fr ,thanks alot

[@Emma-pg7zc]

Amazing explanation!! Thank you!!

[@PsychExplained]

So glad you enjoyed it 🧠

[@karimayman2780]

Really appreciated!

[@rogeriomartins4304]

FANTASTIC video 👏 👏 👏

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you very much!

[@FridaysAl]

God bless, that was some good explanation

[@eboumbowe2602]

thank you

[@Cosmic_Event]

First, thank you for giving such a simple understand of circadian rhythms I have ever heard. Second, in my study of circadian rhythm, I'm trying to understand the difference between Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Chryptochrome? Are you versed in this? In your humble opinion. Thank you

[@pt68picaso]

Very engaging video! Just like a college lecture. If I wasn't watching from my phone, but on a big screen (e.g. TV), I'd be looking for a spiral notebook to take notes as if back 30+ years in college.
Watched until 9 minutes, will complete latter.😊👍

[@PsychExplained]

We are never too old to learn :)😁

[@calisthenicsindia8498]

Thank you so much

[@PsychExplained]

You're most welcome

[@user-vj7gk5cq3g]

Great explination , i realy enjoed it and learn alot about sleep cycles ❤ thank you and keep making these video

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you!! And get good sleep :)

[@user-jp7sd7dd8b]

Superb explanation sir , tq

[@PsychExplained]

So nice of you

[@PunmasterSTP]

This video was REMazing!

[@Archie6666]

Great explanation! Easy to understand :)

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you :)

[@nisisinghrajput5548]

Thank you soo much now concept is much clear

[@PsychExplained]

Glad it helped.

[@mayurdongardive614]

Excellent video.make video on basal ganglia

[@dhenieldelapena2627]

Nice explanation, you're awesome!

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks! 😃

[@sgraham9106]

Thank you

[@anthonyberlan4495]

Thanks you very MUCH SIR

[@theoplunkett5262]

great video!

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks!🙏🏻

[@patsydolan6705]

This video is amazing. 👌🏼

[@PsychExplained]

Thank you for the kind response! Hope you learned a lot

[@RespectYourSelf1993]

Thank you. i have to follow you

[@Tuneinthelight]

Fascinating info. Thanks for putting this together for us. Now, if you could do one on how to improve sleep :)

[@PsychExplained]

It’s all about a “healthy” bedtime routine

[@salimabouhamidi6318]

Hope you talk about dreams in your next videos

[@PsychExplained]

Great topic! I will get to it :)

[@dinadina8621]

Thanks for your help ☺️❤️

[@PsychExplained]

You're so welcome!

[@gshamsharma9069]

Excellent...🎉🎉🎉....

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks a lot 😊

[@gshamsharma9069]

@@PsychExplained ...please tell how many sleep cycles of 90 minutes are completed in one night sleep of say 6 hours...

[@ARAVINDM1000]

Thank you very much✌️✌️✌️✌️

[@user-mr3iv7bj6n]

wow thats really amazing

[@sofaxx5447]

thank you so much 👌👌

[@ritusplay]

Very helpful

[@PsychExplained]

Glad to hear that

[@acacianorison]

Very Well explained thank you so much Dr Kushner🧠💚💚💚

[@Retarmy1]

I am reading a book, now why we sleep, Dr. walker, he talks about adenosine and how a natural chemcial forces us to sleep and caffeine blocks our sensors to sleep?

[@PsychExplained]

Absolutely! Caffeine blocks and inactivates the adenosine receptors. But, once the caffeine is out of our system, we are going to feel extra sleepy 😴

[@sck0305]

Well this explains late morning sleep induced exhaustion.

[@PsychExplained]

😴

[@nervgear2254]

I get a lot of theta waves when I'm awake, most of the waves amplitude ( up or down ) is theta . The rest of the waves are pretty much the same on RAW EEG. MRI and medical EEG checked fine, but what is theta wave suppose to mean when I'm awake and goes through the whole day like this. * Readings with a 16 electrode, on the prefrontal cortex

[@aiis.6170]

This is my first time to I know what exactly sleep stages means

[@r.bhavani1032]

Love from India 🇮🇳 my Msc dissertation is about circadian rhythm disruption due to electronic devices and this lecture just cleared all my doubts about sleep. Thank you so much 😊 ❤️

[@PsychExplained]

Best of luck!

[@r.bhavani1032]

@@PsychExplained Thank you and can you bring more lectures on this topic please it would be beneficial.😊

[@raumshen9298]

Remember to cite him properly,

[@dr.ahmadjawadqureshi3343]

It was great

[@Mohammedamer-pd1sb]

Great explanation that was clear as a whistle! I salute your efforts on making science as it should be fun, easy and approachable . Just a question... in which stage do we toss in bed? It's clearly not in REM but in which.

[@PsychExplained]

NREM :)
Probably 2-3

[@Mohammedamer-pd1sb]

@@PsychExplained Thanks for the elaboration! Have a nice day ahead 😊

[@user-gn6en5oi4d]

Very cool, do you have any information about circadian lighting and how it can effect sleep?

[@PsychExplained]

they sell these types of lights on amazon. take a look!

[@tinanagda7755]

Thankyou sir for such a great lecture 🙏🙏...can you please explain condition of sleep paralysis??

[@PsychExplained]

Thanks for reaching out! I hope this link is helpful: www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-paralysis

[@vikasgupta1828]

Thanks

[@kamrulhasan2938]

thanks.

[@PsychExplained]

You’re welcome 😇

[@Rafikdr]

Thanks a ton! That was a very good lecture

[@susinsus2625]

Awesome video !
I have one question though.
I am currently reading the book Why we sleep by Matthew Walker and on page 60 (chapter 3 sleep cycle) he says that if you go to sleep at 00:00 and wake up at 6:00 you lose most of your rem sleep, which makes sense as you explained in the video. But he also says, that if you go to sleep at 4:00 am and wake up at 10:00 am, you lose most of your nrem sleep. Do I unsterdand it right, that the ratio of rem and nrem sleep in one cycle (90mins) is determined by circadian rhytm (the actual time of the day), rather than the amount of hours (cycles) i had been already sleeping that night ? (meaning you can skip the cycles with long nrem and short rem and jump straight into cycles with short nrem and long rem if you just go to sleep late ?) Sorry if I am missing something and have a nice day :)

[@PsychExplained]

When you go to sleep later in the night, such as at 4:00 am and wake up at 10:00 am, you're likely to experience shorter NREM sleep and more REM sleep. This is because REM sleep tends to dominate later in the sleep period, while NREM sleep dominates earlier in the night. So, yes, you're correct in understanding that the timing of your sleep, determined by the circadian rhythm, influences the composition of sleep stages within each sleep cycle.

[@susinsus2625]

@@PsychExplained Ahh I see, thank you for your answer !

[@ramoncorintihans5075]

I have sleep apnea. My reports show 4 stages before reaching REM sleep. Can you explain this 4th stage? Further, my report showed that I bypassed stage 3 and 4 and went from stage 2 to rem sleep all the time. Further, the time spent in stage 1 was minimal. I was in stage 2 or REM sleep most of the time (over 95%). Is this normal? Finally, can you give an approximate idea as to to how much time (as a percentage of total sleep) that one should spend in each stage and in REM sleep?