Famous European Crowns
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- čas přidán 10. 12. 2020
- Check out my wife Charlotte's channel, which focuses on vintage jewelry:
/ @charlotteissyvoo
We also did a reaction video together, watching this video:
• My Reaction to UsefulC...
CREDITS:
=========================
Narration: Matt Baker
usefulcharts.com/
Audio editing: Jack Rackam
/ @jackrackam
Intro animation: Syawish Rehman
/ @almuqaddimahyt
Intro music: "Lord of the Land" by Kevin MacLeod
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
incompetech.com
My wife and I watched this video together and did a reaction to it:
czcams.com/video/cIab73mu0OI/video.html
Interesting to see that show CZcams television
Cool!
I hate to be "that guy"... but when talking about the Iron Crown of Lombardy, you state it is very small, with a "diameter" of 48 centimeters. You mean circumference. With a diameter of 48 centimeters, the Iron Crown of Lombardy would be almost 19 inches wide- which certainly wouldn't fit on someone's head, but for the opposite reason: it would be so large as to rest around a person's collar bone! You're right in the end though- a crown with a *circumference* of 48 centimeters would have a diameter of only 9.7 centimeters, or about 3.8 inches, so small that at best it would sit atop someone's head like a tiny metal donut.
EDIT: Aaaaaand I just watched the livestream on your wife's channel where you corrected that. I subscribed. Move along, nothing to see here! ;)
you said the last crown wouldn't fit on someone's head because it was too small but then you said it was 48 cm (4.8 dm) in diameter. that's around 1 1/2 ft! way bigger than anyone's head!
Fleur de lis are the heraldic and ecclesiastic symbol of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Consider that as a reason for crowns having them on crowns.
The orb and cross is proof that even medieval people didn’t think the earth was flat.
That should have been figured out when they viewed lunar eclipses...and because they could see that the moon and the sun were spheres.
except for the Mayans, Aztecs, Grecians and Egyptians, who built beautiful structures and travelled the world
People have known the earth is a globe since way before medieval times.
The greeks already knew that
@@trevorwilson6683
I know the Greeks already knew that, but there was a stereotype that people in the Middle Ages didn’t know the earth wasn’t flat.
“So how many diamonds do you want?”
Russia: Yes
Russia had diamond mines. I find the crown to be very suitable for a country with diamond mines and snowy winters.
@@lovebeauty7713 The first diamonds in Russia were found only in the 19th century and were found only about 131. The Perm Region was without a large deposit of them. It was only in the 1950s that mass geological exploration began and their deposits were found for the mass development of diamond mines
Well why not?? Mother Russia got diamonds, platinum, gold, radium, gas, oil, water, rappers, Jesus, Buddah, they got all that!!!
@@wmpetroff2307 The problem is that all this began to be found and extracted en masse only in the 1930s in the USSR, the empire was very reluctant to spend money on finding resources and urbanization in the regions of Siberia to create a mining industry. Almost 70% of the complex products and equipment for the empire were not produced in the Russian Empire, even important ones. By the way, this is the reason why in the Soviet Union the empire was considered more like a colony of foreign countries because the population was forced to engage in agricultural activities or be extremely cheap labor with fewer rights than any European worker at a factory.
@@DVXDemetrivs good insight. I can see how the Bolsheviks and commies took advantage of this situation.
Romania:
- Make crown out of expensive materials? Nah.
- Make crown out of an Ottoman cannon? Of course!
The crown of Serbia (and the 1918-1945 Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is also made from the steel of captured Ottoman cannons, for similar reasons, although the design is quite different.
Happily in my opinion, both are, incidentally, as you're no doubt aware, featured in the coats of arms of Romania and Serbia, despite them both being republics today.
A crown made of stolen scrap metal. I can't imagine anything more romanian than this :)
1:15 - 6:14 =Imperial State Crown/UK
6:16 - 7:44 =Corona Tumular/Spain
7:45 - 9:24 = Imperial Crown/Russia
9:25 - 10:44 = Crown of Eric XIV/Sweden
10:46 - 12:34 = Crown of St. Wenceslas/Bohemia
12:35 - 14:04 = Crown of Bołslaw The Brave/Poland
14:06 - 16:14 = Holy Crown of Hungary/Hungary
16:16 - 19:04 = Imperial Crown/Holy Roman Empire
19:05 - 20:24 = Crown of Charlemagne/France
20:26 - 23:04 = Iron Crown of Lombardy/Italy
Its Bolesław, not Bołslaw
You don't need to put the time the videos ends
Just when it starts
Hungary looks like a small house
Thanks a lot!!!
@@marcinszrajber it is It's not its. If we are grammar pedantics we need to be correct in all things even when English is not our native language.
Imagine if some guy just has the Crown of Charlemagne chilling in his attic.
Wrong account.
Wrong account.
Wrong account.
Wrong account.
Wot account
I personally would like a history lesson on royal consorts and how they were chosen and their roles in the historical and the contemporary.
Ooh me too! That’s a great idea!!
Oooh that's a nice one
I would love to see that too because like Prince Albert Queen Victorias consort had a major role in American and British relations during the civil war and what happened was off the coast of Bermuda the Uss san jactino captured two confederate diplomats onboard the British ship trent and the diplomats were going to lobby for possible financial and military support and the prince consort was on his deathbed but he got up from his deathbed to intervene in defusing the crisis which gripped Britain
yes, please!!
They would've most definitely be the royal bloodlines too.
8:18 Monomakh's Cap is so badass 🤟🏻
Yeah. That is why, after the creation of the Monomakh cap, a new version was made for each subsequent tsar, inspired by the original one. A total of 14(7 of them are lost or dismantled) such hats were created, the last of which was made for Peter the Great, the last Tsar of the Russian Kingdom(In Russian: Russian Tsarstvo) and the first Emperor of the Russian Empire.
The Russian crown is breathtakingly beautiful. That, and our UK crown, are my favourites, followed by Hungary.
Russian corona has shape of orthodox church Dom - not pops hat
Seriously? It’s really ugly
@@Finnbobjimbob Beauty is relative, but the Hungarian crown is almost 1000 years old, I think your people didn't get a crown....
@@sandors.5526 I’m British
@@Finnbobjimbob Then you don't have 1000-year-old crowns that you would have received from the Latin and Greek popes :D
The crooked cross on the hungarian crown is just so iconic.
Poor Bart, why are you crying?
I'm portuguese and this it's "Verdade"
Literally, iconic is the only proper adjective for the whole thing. Holy iconic, to be spesific.
They have a legend for that cross
The legend is tahat the cross got crooked wile it was deliwered
Bohemian crown requires 7 keys to be accessed ... or one LockpickingLawyer :-D
Inexcusable flaw now watch me lock pick my way out of this place
click out of 1, nothing on 2, click out of 3, click out of 4, and we're in, anyways as you can see this lock is not that great despite the contents it protects are extremely expensive. Overall i am not impressed.
or a Skyrim player
7 is a false gate
You’re the Keeper of the Seven Keys -Helloween 1988
Great video! I would like to point out that the replica of the Polish Royal Crown has been re-created in 2001 - 2003 and it was based on the detailed drawings of the crown (prior to Poland's last partition) and based on the old paintings. Note that the Crown has been taken by the Prussians and melted down, but the coronary sword called Szczerbiec survived. Both the Crown and Szczerbies are on display in Krakow. Come visit!
Еще польский трон сохранился, он был переделан как унитаз для русской императрицы Екатерины Великой.
Russia's Great Imperial Crown is in the Diamond Fund Museum next to the Armory Museum in the Kremlin. Requires a separate admission ticket.
Well worth it.
The Hungarian crown has a lot more interesting stories about it, it has been hiden and stolen a lot of times, it started wars and revolutions and also effectivly it was and still is, acording to tradition, treated as a person and whe the kingdom existed it was the coruler of the king and the nobles, only the legitimate combination of those three were considered to be legitimate to rule over Hungary. Also if you where not crowned at an exact place by an exact person you were not considered king of Hungary and had no power doesn't matter who you are. Also if you where illegitimately crowned you died, just as with the Bohemian crown, but we have proof of multiple cases where the previous ruler was still alive when someone was crowned and they all died within a year. I think it's a beautiful and uniqe crown, I have seen it in real life, and it certainly has an adventurous and mysterious story, I recomend reading about it.
Not going to lie I just love it since it was made by the Eastern romans
@@archdornan3068 honestly, I would like to see what would have happened if they took orthodoxy too
@@milanbogodov5299 ya maybe that way more eastern romans artefacts could of survived
I 'm hungarian for me our's is the beauthiest. But I saw the Brianna's and it is pretty .
and the Habsburger are the owner of this crown
I'm Hungarian, and I'm actually surprised, many people in the comment section find the Hungarian crown appealing. It definitely isn't the most beautiful one, but it stands out from the rest with its unique design, and it's really got a deep and complicated history.
The Russian crown is clearly the most beautiful. However, I do find the Hungarian imagery on its crown very interesting.
Az jó!
@@bitTorrenter The Hungarian crown is definitely the most interesting crown of all.
It is called an initiation crown, because it touched the kings head only once: when he was crowned. The king didn't saw it again in his life. An no other person too. Because they believed that it transfers the blessing of God in the moment of coronation. So they put it in a box and waited for the next coronation.
For somebody to be recoggnized as king of Hungary, the coronation had to be fulfilled with the Hungarian Holy Crown, in Székesfehérvár in the Holy Mother of Jesus Basilica by the archbishop of Esztergom. If only one of these things would not be fulfilled, the king was not considered a king, and it was believed that those kings who were coronated without one of these 3 conditions, lost their lives or their crowns rapidely. And this worked. There are many examples of this.
Another thing of this crown, is that it is made by two parts: the Greek (Byzantine) Crown, and the Latin Crown. The Byzantine crown was made in Byzantium, and the Latin Crown in Southern Italy. The Byzantine crown has Greek inscriptions on it, and the Latin Crown Latin inscriptions. It represents the symbolic unity of Europe: the Catholic West (Latin Crown) and the Orthodox East (the Byzantine Crown).
But one of the most interesting things about the Holy Crown is its fabulous adventurous history. In its long history countless of times was in danger to be destroyed.
- one of the Hungarian kings Otto, in 1305 lost it when he came from Bavaria to Hungary, the crown fell down on the earth and he and his people did not noticed it, and it was found on the road after 24 hours, but miraculously nobody found it and took it.
- It was stolen in 1440, in an action worthy of an adventure movie from the tower of Esztergom and almost fell in the Danube, when they wanted to cross it. Then it was taken to the Holy Roman Empire, and the king Matthias Corvinus brought it back from the emperor by paying a huge money for it,
- then in 1526, after the Ottomans occupied Hungary, the sultan Suleyman the Magnificent put his hands on it, and wanted to take it to Istanbul, which would mean its destruction and loss, but he changed his mind in the last moment and sent it to the prince of Transylvania,
- in 1848-49 during the Hungarian revolution, when the Austro-Russian armies occupied Hungary, the Hungarian prime minister Szemere Bertalan wanted to throw it in the Danube in order to not to let it fall in the hands of the Habsburgs, but he decided to burry it in the ground at Hungary's Southern border at Orsova. The Crown was found and unearthed only after 4 years in 1853.
- in 1919, the Communists of Béla Kun took over Hungary and he wanted to destroy the crown, and tear it in pieces and sell it to a Bavarian jewlery merchant. The Bavarian renounced to this in the last moment. So the crown was saved once again in the last moment.
- In the spring of 1944 when the Nazi German army occupied Hungary, knowing that Hitler likes to gather objects conisidered to have mystical powers, the crown guards took it in Veszprém and hided it in a bunker.
- in the fall of 1944, when the Soviet army occupied Hungary, knowing that they hate crowns and other religious and political objects with monarchy attributes, sensing that they can destroy it or take it to Russian, the Crown Guards took it out of Hungary and burried it in Austria at Mattsee. But they were cought by American soldiers, and forced to show them where it was burried, and to take it out of the earth. Then it was taken to the USA to Fort Knox, where it stood between 1953-1979, when it was sent back to Hungary by Jimmy Carter.
The Holy crown in total was taken out of Hungary 11 times and stood outside more than 150 years. It is a miracle that it still exist and it was not destroyed.
The Hungarian Holy Crown is unique! The other crowns of Europe are normal crowns, which can be wear at any time when the king wants. Only the Hungarian Holy Crown is an Initiation Crown, like I showed in the beginning, and it is considered that actually not the king but the Crown rules Hungary. It represents the eternal Hungarian State. No other European crown has this meaning. In these matters the Holy Hungarian Crown its an unique crown.
@@szalard Csomor Lajos ötvösmester szerint a korona 2 részét egyszerre készítették, soha nem volt külön használva csak az egyik vagy a másik fele.
I found it kinda ironic.
Russia, a very orthodox country chose a bishop/catholic style looking crown.
Meanwhile Hungary, a very catholic country chose a crown that looks like the walls of an orthodox church.
Russian crown is really stunning! Russian emperor porcelain also beautiful.. even old techniques as skan' or a filigree. I'm in love with our artists especially the Peredvizhniki ❤ so proud of our culture
Russia's crown just looks clean and stunning. Close second is the British. The purple velvet is really nice with the jewels.
My toughts exactly.
But to be fair, there are ones of the most recent.
Charlemagne's crown was forged during the dark ages, after all..
@@goofygrandlouis6296 Charlemagne crown clearly inspire the following crown in Europe
с нее пылинки сдувают, это национальное достояние!
This shows how tastes and craftsmanship have changed over the centuries. The imperial crown of Germany is 800 (!) years older than the Russian one....
@@mikeromney4712Ok bro no one cares about germany
Fun fact: The Holy Crown of Hungary was considered a legal entity in its own right...
According to Baron Péter Révay de Szklabina et Blathnicza, who lived from 1568 - 1622 and was the official responsible for the safekeeping of the Holy Crown, the crown itself had personhood and as a legal entity is identical to the state of Hungary. It is superior to the ruling monarch, who rules "in the name of the crown". Thus it survived the fall of the Hungarian Monarchy, because it was the symbol of Hungary itself, and not its monarchy.
That is precisely why is this crowning jewelry on display in the most important building of a republic. Although I personally disapprove of this, because the practice of considering the crown an entity often lead to discord among people and ensured the position of high nobility even when the kingdom itself needed a strong king in place.
The Holy Crown of Hungary was not considered an entity, it IS considered ( in present also ) a legal entity ( and not a obiect, or artifact) !
I didn’t know that….🤔😎
The Irish crown jewels were stolen from Dublin Castyin1921. It would be great if they were found and the mystery solved as to location.
Love to see them.
The Imperial Russian crown is simply beautiful.
id say decadent rather than beautiful, the fact that it is so heavy that it can not actually be worn, and symbolize its wearers authority, is a good metaphor for russian decadence.
The colors are a lot more elegant than other European crowns in my opinion. It’s always been my favorite.
I was blown away when I saw it, it is so ✨pretty✨
It is rather Feminine
@@AlbertAlbertB. it was made for Catherine the Great, after all
The Iron Crown of Italy is simply so beautiful and ancient. It is as close as we can get to a crown from antiquity. Shame none of those have survived to this day.
It is not the Crown of Italy, but the Crown of Lombardy with the capital Pavia south of Milan, as there was no Kingdom of Italy when this crown came into existence.
@@rizzochuenringe669 Wrong, it is indeed the crown of Italy, and even in ancient times before the unification of Italy it was used to coronate the kings of Italy. You can think what you want but kings that used this crown called themselves king of Italy, it can't be interpreted in another way, it's very clear.
@@alextp4563 There was no Kingdom of Italy before the Italian unification in the 19th century. Well, Napoleon created a short-lived so-called "Kingdom of Italy", but it was just a part of Northern Italy. Nothing but a scam.
Some crowns from antiquity actually have survived. The best preserved that I know of is probably the crown of Sit-Hathor Yunet from 19th Century BC Egypt
@@rizzochuenringe669 That's wrong. The Iron Crown was SPECIFICALLY the crown of Italy, infact the Holy Roman Emperor was such because he was the king of Germany and the King of Italy. Pavia was the capital of the Lombards, not of Lombardy, and the Lombard kingdom included Salerno and Benevento.
The bohemian crown makes it sound like an assassins creed mission with 7 different keys on 7 different people
Four of the crowns on the list were last worn by a Habsburg. (Hungarian Crown, Bohemian Crown, Holy Roman Imperial Crown and Lombard Crown).
the spanish empire was also under habsburg rule.
also the austrian imperial crown is mentioned here, it was also ofc habsburg possession.
@@36erjunge Before 1806, the end of HRE, this was the socalled Hauskrone/ Housecrown.
Forgotten: it looked similar to ,New' russian crown.
@@36erjunge But the spanish crown was made on the Bourbon era, and no one ever worn it because it's too big.
Correction: 48 cm is the (inner) *circumference* of the Iron Crown of Lombardy, not the diameter.
It's okay
So the diameter is about 15cm, if i'm not mistaken.
i mean, i know kings can get a big head from the power, i didn’t think it would be literal though
I was like: small?! If I put it, it would only rest on my shoulders! This can't be right...
Can you do a video like this from Asian monarchies? Something like the Qing, India and some unknown crowns 💙🇪🇸
the Bohemian crown is incredible and soo beautiful. it looks like a crown created in the Art Deco period. just stunning! :) 👑
Fun Fact: The Hungarian crown was taken to the US after WW2, and it was guarded in Fort Knox.
I love the Czech, Russian, Holy Roman and Hungarian crowns the most.
Russia’s crown is so beautiful
I'm portuguese and this it's "Verdade"
It’s gaudy
@@mamavswild Really?)) Are you talking about yourself?
I wish it was still used
I think it is too flashy, the most beautiful one is the spanish or the Lombardy one.
The roman emperors were far more important than all of those and didn't wear such showy stuff
I thoroughly enjoy your channel. Your historical research must be very time consuming and it is appreciated. Thank you for all of your presentations.
8:24 monomakh crown has greek origin, there was even byzantium emperor Constantine IX Monomachos
I dont understand is it really that hard to google it in 10 seconds? Instead of just assuming fur=mongols
12:34
Lock Picking Lawyer: Heres how I got access to the crown of bohemia with 3 paper clips and a tube of crest toothpaste.
Of course he could do it with just the toothpaste, but it would take longer than 10 seconds.
The chapel where the entry into the room with the crown is also always locked.
Lmfao
Also DeviantOllam would love to say something about showing actual working keys defending world heritage treasures in the open...
Me at 3 am with some cardboard, hot glue, glitter, cotton balls and fake gem stones: Hold on your going to fast
I did that!
I LOVED your video. Your description of, knowledge of and pronunciation of words were perfect.
The russian one is just spectacular....
👍
russia stinks
There is something really interesting about the Bohemian (Czech) crown that the other crowns don't have... And the Russian crown is the most beautiful from all of these in my opinion.
Wait a sec. The Iron Crown's diameter is 17cm (so it's pretty small, about 6.5 inches) instead of 48 (it will be exaggeratedly large, about 19 inches). Its circumference is 48cm. Greetings from Monza province!
Also, the plates of the crown were 8 originally, but 2 were stolen.
Hello fellow monzese :D
Do you imagine if it was 48 cm diameter? It would be HUGE!
I was like, who's the giant that had been wearing this crown?
Exactly what I was about to write! Quite a sizeable error ;)
@@nedko 48cm would be more of a necklace than a crown 😅
The Russian Imperial Crown was preceded by the cap of Monomakh, which is referenced in Pushkin's play Boris Godunov, where the titular character's most iconic line is actually an allegory: "O, thou art heavy, crown of Monomakh!" It was named after Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh, who made Moscow the Capital of the Rus after Kiev was attacked by the Mongols.
Love how they threw the Mongolian crown in with the Russian one. On some nah, I am the captain now. Then promptly puts a cross on top to immediately do away with its barbaric past😂
@The 2nd Coming, can't you read? The mongols attacked Kiev, so Kiev has a barbaric past, and Kiev is the capital of Ukraine.
@@Elena-ef7dk I’m the current King of The Mongolians. So, I know how to king😁
@@Elena-ef7dk due to having a king of kings title through my Solomonic heritage, my title I inherited through Ghengis Khan is automatically resurrected😎
Мономах до того часу коли напали монголи вже помер, а Москви ще не було, ви щось переплутали
Monomakh's hat is the best winter accessory
I think the russian and the lombardy crown are prettiest. The russian one cause of the delicate decoration, the colour of the metal and the over abundance of glitter (diamonds)
The Lombardy one cause its different shaped, it looks wearable, and how beautiful its made
For the holy roman empire one, it wouldnt surprise me if the original stone that was there broke, if its an Opal. They are said to be quite vuneralable.
And there are ottomans who is like "yeah big onions are nice"
Those were just hats, not crowns. They didn't have any special political significance, and could be disposed of and replaced at will.
i think the ottomans used ceremonial swords as regalia instead of crowns.
Lol true they looked like onions but in reality it symbolizes the coffin used after death. And by wearing a coffin you are always reminded that life is worth nothing and what you really need to work for is your eternal life
They aren’t European
@@Lumosnight they are some of them
The imperial crown is the best looking crown that can actually be worn
The Russian crown is absolutely amazing though
British and Russain crown I like most🇮🇳👍
"Who is the best claim to rule Antarctica?"
*DO IT*
(Apparently Emus are the best claim so far)
My ancestor was the first person to reach the South Pole
technoblade
Obviously Cthulhu.
Light yagami
I work in a fridge I used to work in a freezer do I get the right to claim the throne of Antarctica lol
My favorite-hungarian crown
You can also say about the Russian wives of foreign rulers!) The younger sister of Nicholas II, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, wrote in her memoirs: “... the only ruling houses not connected with the Romanovs were the Habsburgs, the Bourbons and the house of Braganza...” Russian grand dukes married foreign princesses, princesses married rulers of other states.
The daughter of Yaroslav the Wise became the French queen, the granddaughter of Catherine II ruled in Weimar and participated in the Congress of Vienna, and the niece of Alexander II was appointed regent in Greece.
Anna Yaroslavna was the daughter of the Kyiv prince Yaroslav the Wise and the Swedish princess Ingigerda, who after baptism became Irina. No information about the princess’s life has been preserved in Russian chronicles, but she is often mentioned in foreign documents. The French historian François de Mézeret wrote that King Henry I “reached the fame of the charms of the princess, namely Anne... and he was fascinated by the story of her perfections.” The monarch asked for the hand of the Russian princess. The wedding took place in May 1051, on Trinity Day. During the ceremony, the bride refused to swear in the Latin Bible and took an oath in the Slavic church manuscript.
Anna Yaroslavna became co-ruler of Henry I. For a woman of that time, she received a good education: she spoke several languages, understood politics and medicine. Many state documents bore the signatures of both spouses or the king’s instructions: “With the consent of my wife Anne,” “In the presence of Queen Anne.”
In 1052, the monarchs gave birth to an heir - the future ruler of France, Philip I. In 1059, while his father was still alive, the seven-year-old prince was crowned. When Henry died, Count Baudouin of Flanders was appointed regent and guardian of the minor monarch. However, Anna Yaroslavna still participated in government affairs, accompanied her son on trips around the country and signed documents with him. In the 1060s, the queen moved from Paris to the city of Senlis and founded the convent of St. Vincent there. A sculpture of Anna Yaroslavna with a miniature model of the temple in the palm of her hand was installed in the monastery church. On the pedestal of the sculpture there was an inscription: “Anna of Russia, Queen of France, erected this cathedral.”
Anna Petrovna - Duchess of Holstein.
Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, was born in 1708.
A groom was chosen for Anna Petrovna when she was only 13 years old. He became Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein, a state on the Baltic coast. He was a relative of the Swedish king Charles XII and had rights to the throne of this state.
Maria Pavlovna - Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
The third of six daughters of Paul I. In 1800, Paul I chose a groom for his daughter - Karl Friedrich, the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Saxe-Weimar. Karl Friedrich and Maria Pavlovna got married in August 1804. They spent their honeymoon in Pavlovsk and then went to Weimar. From that time on, Maria Pavlovna bore the title of Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.
In Weimar, the Duchess studied German, literature, art history, and philosophy. One of her teachers and close friends was the writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe.
. Maria Pavlovna also communicated with the famous German poet Friedrich Schiller. He dedicated the following lines to her:
"A tree from another country,
Transplanted by us
Grow up, take roots
In this soil, our home."
The Duchess, together with her brother Alexander I, participated in the Congress of Vienna, at which new borders of European states were determined. As a result of the congress, neighboring Saxe-Eisenach joined the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar. In 1816, Maria Pavlovna returned to Weimar. There she founded vocational schools, schools for children from poor families, and shelters for street children. In the palace, the Duchess created a library with a free reading room. The summer court theater hosted musical performances for the townspeople. In 1826, Karl Friedrich ascended the throne, and his wife became the reigning duchess. Maria Pavlovna died in her palace in June 1859. She was buried in the Protestant cemetery in Weimar. The road along which the funeral procession walked was strewn with rose petals by the townspeople.
Olga Nikolaevna - Queen of Württemberg.
Olga Nikolaevna was the second daughter of Nicholas I. In 1846, the 23-year-old princess met Charles, the crown prince of the kingdom of Württemberg. Soon he proposed to Olga Nikolaevna. The wedding took place in July 1846, and the newlyweds moved to the capital of Württemberg - the city of Stuttgart. Olga Nikolaevna devoted almost all her time to charity. In Stuttgart, she founded a children's hospital, which was then named after her - Olgashospital, "Olga's Hospital". In 1856, the Princess of Württemberg created a society for the benefit of the blind, then opened a school for girls, which was later renamed the Royal Women's Gymnasium.
In 1871, Charles I, who by that time had already become King of Württemberg, established the Order of Olga in honor of his wife. This award was given for charity, helping the sick and wounded.
Olga Konstantinovna - Queen of Greece.
Her father was the younger brother of Alexander II, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. She married the Greek King George I. George and Olga Konstantinovna were married in Tsarskoe Selo in October 1867. A few weeks later the newlyweds left for Athens. In Greece, Olga Konstantinovna became involved in charity work. In Piraeus, where the Russian fleet was stationed, she ordered the opening of a hospital for military sailors. The Queen founded medical courses for women and completed them herself.
THANK YOU!! This was so well informed and beautifully presented and explained. Wow !
The Hungarian Crown looks like it has a history, not like those other fancy showroom pieces. It looks like a king has actually had word it in battles. Including losing ones.
@@saberswordsmen1 and another one where the dead king's wife fled the capital with some followers and they took the crown, but effing lost it in the way. they simply dropped it in the underbush, and when they realized this, they had to go back and search every bush for the crown.
Ironically it's a Coronation crown, that was the only occasion it was worn.
On the other hand you could only become King of Hungary if you were coronated with it in X city by one of the Catholic leaders of thee country( who had their seat in another specific city)
@@istvankarolyfarkas6125 yeah, that's some crazy tradition. Thanks to that at least 2 king had to be crowned more than one time. (Robert Karoly(dunno how to write his name in english) and Matias for example)
@@szekart8259 Károly = Charles AFAIK.
@@istvankarolyfarkas6125 yeah, you right, thanks
Two notes:
1) The name in the Polish "Crown of Bolesław" is correctly pronounced:
/bɔ' lɛ suɑv/
2) the fleur-de-lis has origins which far surpass its use by the Franks, with appearances in royal iconography dating back to ancient Mesopotamia/Sumer.
I was going to say, "Bolesław does *not* rhyme with 'coleslaw'."
I never knew that (#2), thank you!!
Russian, Sweden, bohemian are epic
It's worth mentioning that the Crown of Bolesław the Brave's replica has been made with an addition of gold from Prussian coins minted during the estimated time of the original regalia's (that included several other Polish crowns, one of which, by the way, was a 16th century copy of the Hungarian Crown!) melting. Therefore you may say that the continuity of the Polish coronating regalia has been restored, if we don't count the Szczerbiec sword and the Spear of St. Maurice.
Another fact, despite the name, it has hardly anything to do with king Bolesław. The original crown, dating back to at least 1025, was taken from the Gniezno Cathedral during the short reign of Wenceslas II of Bohemia in Poland (1300-1305). After that the trace has been lost due to the chaos that took place in nowadays Czechia, after the Přemyslid dynasty died out dramatically in 1306. When in 1314 Władysław Łokietek (W. Ell-heigh, W. the Short) re-unified Greater and Lesser Poland and began his tries to restore the kingdom (finalized in 1320), he had to order brand new regalia, including the crown. Since John of Luxembourg, the new king of Bohemia, already claimed to be the true heir to the Polish throne, Władysław tried his best to strenghten his own claims, thus the names of the Crown and the Szczerbiec sword (which also is not the sword that according to legend was given to Bolesław by an angel). The names have stuck ever since.
The spear of st maurice is a copy
At least the wiki says so the original is in the hofburg treasure house
@@Polish-Onion Indeed, it is a copy of what we know as the Holy Lance, which is nowadays in Vienna. However, this copy was made not later than in the year 1000, when it was brought by emperor Otto III to Poland during the Congress of Gniezno and given as a gift to Bolesław the Brave.
The Holy Crown of Hungary is amazing 😍😍
@@arctictimberwolf dude
Come to Budapest and claim that throne
I think it'd look best with chainmail headwear combined
Its a Byzantine Roman design.
@@Vampirewolfking The only crown not made by barbarians is still the best looking one. Its like the Romans knew how to show real authority.
The crown of st. Wenceslass is a real life D&D magical item
@@mekhane.broken9678
It’s our president, prime minister, archbishop of Prague, chairman of the Czech senate, chairman of the chamber of deputies, provost of the st. Vitus cathedral and mayor of Prague.
@@mekhane.broken9678.
Well, the president is basically dead already, the archbishop is a fat unhealthy pig, but the others can be tough. Babis - the prime minister is a billionaire mafia boss for example.
I've seen a duplicate of that Czech crown when I was in Prague and it's absolutely stunning.
@@funpetkeeping7229 i am afraid that the president is more likely undead...so pretty good boss for challange :D
@@pavlaalexiajaresova8052 He is the "dead man (slowly) walking" 😏
Všechny koruny jsou překrásné a měli svou historii. Ale nádherná byla Ruská a Česká koruna a po ni ta Anglická. Děkuji za VIDEO bylo to velmy poučné.
About the Hungarian crown:
There is another legend about the cross. They say it was damaged when the king was in a battle. And the crown's cross stayed like that through all these centuries
Fascinating indeed. The Russian crown is absolutely exquisite !
The Holy Roman Empire crown is actually housed in the Hofburg treasury. There we can also find the austrian crown. I highly recommend visiting the treasury in Vienna. It houses some of the most important, beautiful and valuble objects of Europe.
well there wasnt only one, the ours czech (St.Wenceslaus crown) is also crown of HRE
@@MrMajsterixx Yes I've seen the czech crown jewels while in Prague (at least the reproductions, I know the real ones are locked in the st. Vitus cathedral). But those are bohemian crown jewels. And while the Bohemia was a part of the holy roman empire, they are not the crown jewels of the holy roman empire. Bohemia, as many others, was a sovereign kingdom. And holy roman empire could now be at least roughly compared to EU.
Really don’t understand why Germany is on the List but not Austria
@@christophg.6241Because the crown was made in what is now western Germany (possibly Trier), and the Holy Roman Emperors were simultaneously kings of Germany.
@@Lu-.- Germany and The Holy Roman Empire are two separate things. The Holy Roman Empire was mostly ruled by Austrian emperors
The Hungarian crown is just stunning!!!!
3:48 and Sauron secretly forged one another mega diamond to rule them all
10:04 love the fact that norways crown has even more little crowns printed on the fabric
I'm very drawn to the crown from Russia. When I seen it at the beginning, I had a feeling it was Russian in origin. Clearly. The most beautiful of them all!
King Putin lol 🤭
false.
@@autismmoder2104 have you ever heard of opinions
@@chelsea2513 при чём тут вообще Путин? 🙄
Saw…
Im from Czech (Bohemia) and I must say I didnt met single person who didnt know where our Crown is located.
It is lockd in the "Katedrála svatého Václava, Vojtěcha a Víta" treasury, when the crown is taken out from the vault, TV and many more are watching the opening of THE door of the seven keys.
Jen doplním
,Jen doplním ,že v křížku české královské koruny, je ukryt trn z Kristovy trnové koruny.
@@gloryshadow8710 V tom případě ti šmejdi z hradu už okradli i sv Václava, kterému ta koruna patří. 😐😉😀
@@hanacapova2302 nechci ti to kazit, ale to je legenda jenom :D
@@MrMajsterixx je tam údajná tříska z kříže, ovšem na 98% je to falsum
Není, ve svatováclavské koruně je trn z trnové koruny z pařížské Sainte-Chapelle. To samozřejmě neznamená, že ta trnová koruna je pravá, trn z ní ale ve svatováclavské koruně každopádně je. V tom křížku je to i vidět.
I really enjoyed this, fascinated with the designs and use of these gorgeous crowns. I think we all should have one of our own. 😄👑
That was .... excellent!!! Your history of the crowns was captivating. I could have watched a 2 hour documentary on all the crowns of the world joyfully!
Some people dispute the originality of the icon of the Byzantine emperor (and two others) on the Hungarian holy crown, which is the only proof it wasn’t the first crown of Hungary, which was used in 1000. If you look closer at the icon of the emperor, it is bigger than its frame, and it is literally nailed atop its icon slot with two golden nails, making its originality very questionable (one is visible at 14:45). There is also an old written description of the crown which describes the icon of Mary the virgin at the place of the Byzantine emperor (which also makes much more sense if you look at the layout of the biblical figures on the crown). Also, there is no proof that the two parts of the crowns were ever used separately, or was intended to be used separately. The lower crown is also very big, no human would have big enough head to wear it in itself, it’s clearly visible on the footage from the last coronation in 1916.
Thankfully Hungarian monarchs had to wear it only once. On their coronation.
Great work, I as Czech especially adore that, you include legend about crown. It's not so often that foreign peoples know about it.
The tilted cross of the hungarian crown gives it a live vibe. Like: "I'm not an antiquated item, I Still have action in me!"
I personally like the Iron crown of Lombardy. It’s simple, and while I guess the point of crowns is to be flashy, the iron crown looks the best to me. It’s not crowded like the russian crown. I like the Spanish crown aswell, but i think that the ceremonial weight the iron crown carries, and how old it is, makes it more impressive.
I think the narrator got his measurements wrong on that one, if 48cm doesn't fit your head then you are an elephant.
@@kingcosworth2643 lol
@@kingcosworth2643 It has to be circumference. And he says "it would not actually fit on an averageperson'shead" xD
Самая шикарная и красивая корона - Российская. Просто шик и блеск!
Я думаю, и самая дорогая, хотя это здесь и не озвучили (в отличие от стоимости британской короны).
Ну если подумать, то да. Во-первых это белое золото, во-вторых Вы только посмотрите сколько на ней бриллиантов!!!!
думаю что красота и шик этой короны был одним из поводов для революции рабочих и крестьян :D
@@user-zm5nm4sg5tСпрос(и цена) на бриллианты искусственно подняты компаниями, добывающими их. Это было сделано с использованием кинематографа(т.е. только после его появления). До этого бриллианты ценились намного(в десятки, если не в сотни раз) меньше большинства цветных камней. Добыча бриллиантов ведётся практически в каждой стране мира, а такие маленькие камушки как на короне на данный момент довольно легко купить даже на развес. Шпинель, расположенная на вершине короны, стоит дороже чем все бриллианты, окружающие её, вместе взятые.
@@user-hema_m152Не факт. Цветные камни в то время ценились намного больше бриллиантов. Тем более, у большинства камней британской короны уже на момент её изготовления была историческая ценность, в отличие от камней Большой императорской короны.
Crown of Wenseslas is the most beautiful! The older are much more interesting than the newer crowns, that have a similar look. Charlemagne had a lot of crowns!
So interesting & informative. TY for sharing history & crowns with us😄👑👍
I really don't know how I bumped into this channel but you earned a new subscriber.
It's probably worth mentioning, that "Bohemia" is not only the name of the now-defunct Czech province (also styled "Bohemia proper") but also the antiquated name of the whole country, now officially called Czechia/Czech Republic. There is the same relation between Bohemia and Czechia as it is between Persia and Iran. Bohemia and Persia are exonyms used for centuries in both Latin and English and both were during the 20th century replaced with the names of domestic origin.
I thought there is also the region of Moravia in the Czech Republic (refering to the Great Moravia Empire) apart from the region of Bohemia. Then, Bohemia and Czechia cannot mean the same since Czechia is formed not only by the Bohemian region, but also by the Moravian region (and probably some others as well).
@@robinoswald It can and it does. Many countries in Europe are in fact named after one of their regions (e.g. Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, etc.), and Czechia/Bohemia is one of them. Austria is formed not only by Austria proper (Upper and Lower Austria) but also by Styria, Carinthia, Tirol, etc. I might also add that "Czechia" is the Latin version of the Czech name "Czechy" (also spelled Cžechy/Čechy) which has been traditionally translated into English as Bohemia. So these names were indeed synonyms.
tak s tou Čechií jste to dorazil. Proč to proboha někteří lidi šíří? Takový blud. Jaká "Czechia"?? Oficiální název České republiky v angličtině je CZECH REPUBLIC! Bože... to mě tak štve, jak to vidím, odkud se to vzalo, proč tu nesmyslnou Čechii světu vnucujete?
@@gloryshadow8710 Czechia je historický název používaný v latině již od 16.století. Jak píšu výše, je to latinizovaná verze českého názvu země. Vymysleli to sami Češi jako alternativu k názvu Bohemia, který je odvozen od kmene Bójů, nikoliv Čechů. V angličtině se používá od 19. století. V roce 1993 názvoslovná komise vybrala jako oficiální názvy státu Czechia a Czech Republic. Krátký a dlouhý, jako to má většina států světa (Slovakia a Slovak Republic, France a French Republic, apod.). Bohužel natvrdlým českým politikům se tehdy krátký název "nelíbil", tak ho víc jak 20 let bojkotovali a místo toho se nás snažili urepublikovat k smrti.
@@Gosudar Hezky vysvětleno.
The hungarians bent the cross on the crown and just went: "welp, guess that's how it looks now."
we are garbage at storing a single crown I guess
It actually looks nice this way
Probably they said to people it was made in Pisa ahaha
at least it has personality and very easily recognizable, which helps a lot when you learn about history as a young child
@@riograndedosulball248 I'm not so sure it was bent on accident. There is a cross variant that is designed this way on purpose - the "Cross of St. Gilbert" or the "Portate Cross". From wiki:
"A cross is usually shown erect, as it would be when used for crucifixion. The Portate Cross differs in that it is borne diagonally, as it would be when the victim bears the cross-bar over his shoulder as he drags it along the ground to the crucifixion site."
Loved the holy roman crown and the iron crown of lombardy not because of the aesthetic value but the history behind it. A relic from the midieval times is really really amazing.
The Imperial State Crown is wonderful looking and very shiny, as a British Person myself, I really like this Crown and it’s history
All of the crowns are beautiful, but the Russian crown is stunning 😍
@MsMissy At least all the gems aren't stolen from colonies?
@@CombatArchive_1 😄👍
@@CombatArchive_1 ouch !
@@CombatArchive_1 what does this have to do with there being no color?
@@Icetea-2000he is a russky crying that's why
More, please! Your descriptions not only precisely describe the crowns, but you place them in context in an accessible way. Thank you.
Thank you for a really interesting video. Regarding the iron of the Iron Crown of Lombardy, there is some evidence that the iron that gave the crown its name (which may or may not have been part of the inner circle) may have been removed or replaced during a restoration in the mid-14th century.
Earlier accounts (12th century) talk of an iron arch that may have been removed before or during said restoration, and this may in fact have been the iron the crown was named after after, rather than the silver circle inside.
The "Basiligrapgia Europaea" from 1639 discusses the Iron Crown of Lombardy in some detail, including what it may have looked like in previous eras. It appears that even in the 17th century there was some speculation about the nail of the True Cross not being part of the silver band, at least.
The Iron Crown of Lombardy is probably the one with the most interesting history out of all of these, although aesthetically I am a big fan of the Crown of St. Stephen. But being a Byzantine historian probably means I'm not entirely unbiased. Its design is so very Byzantine, after all. 🙂
You should a value video of each of the crowns. I find this fascinating.
I've seen the Corona Tumular in person when I visited the Royal Palace in Madrid. It's so accessible. I basically stumbled my way to the crown not knowing its history, but understanding that it represented Spain as a whole. Its the heart of Spain. I wasn't allowed to take any pictures and I wasn't allowed to be in the same room for too long. And the security guards were just brutal looking. I must have been about a 2 feet away from the crown. It was beautiful. I'm glad I shared that moment with my grandmother. I should bring it up next time I call her.
Papal Tiara: One Crown to Rule Them All
*Three crowns to rule them all
Maybe it's more like 3 crowns in one?
Three Crown in One to rule them all
The Holy Crown has the right of veto at the conclave (even nowadays). The last king who lived with this right was Franz Joseph in 1903. The most likely candidate was Mariano Rampolla, who was actually a freemason, and instead of him Giuseppe Melchiorre Sart became the leader as Pope Pius X
.
@@Hunkiee What a secular crown could veto the entire conclave? That's radical, why did they decide to do that? Because the Pope crowned the King/Emperor, divine right and also appointed for life - something like that?
If it theoretically has that power still, how could it work?
All of the crowns are beautiful!
The Hungarian Crown was a gift from the Byzantine Empire, becouse Geza has taken the Byzantine Emperor's girl as wife.
So as a symble of peace between the two nations they gifted the Crown to the Hungarians.
But those crown showned on a picture on the Bulgarian kings head around the 8. century. It is likely the crown of Atilla.
The best one if the Hungarian crown IMO. The bent cross makes it for me
Looks hideous, holy roman empire is better
@@Liaison_Verequiem C'mon man, just because you don't like it, doesn't mean it's ugly or hideous
@@melindamelindalorincz6701
My words are facts
@@zeromii3234
Yes all of my statements are facts and I am the source.
@@Liaison_Verequiem german crown looks like chewd lollipups
The people who made the Szent Korona (Holy Hungarian Crown): Alright so theres gonna be 19 detailed paintigs depicting saints and other various shapes, really putting some effort into it
Half the other people: Toss our entire gemstone collection on there or something lmao
7:48 oooooooh that's pretty!
8:14 Oh of course this belongs to my royal crush, Catherine.
The Iron Crown is honestly my favorite. The enamel on it is beautiful
The Bohemian crown has the most personality.
Yes absolutely and apparently the narrator doesn't know that spinels are more valuable than rubies because more rare
A ruby will always be more expensive than a spinel of an equivalent size and quality.
It looks like a DIY project, and I love it. 😅
@@Ataralas I know right. It just looks like something a toddler would feel like the king of the world with.
I've seen a duplicate of that Czech crown when I was in Prague and it's absolutely stunning.
The first video on this was one of my very favorites. Now this has to be my very favorite video on your channel. Excellent job Matt.
Fun fact: Complex enamel work, as seen in several of these crowns, is called _cloisonne_ (kloy-zo-NAY). The individual colors are applied as powdered glass and then baked on in a kiln, creating the trademark depth and luster. Its a very delicate and fiddly process, making it time-consuming and hugely expensive to execute. In our modern times, most pieces that have "enamel work" are actually decorated with colored epoxies.
the Russian crown is the most correct in design! You look at it and imagine winter, snow ..
"Corona, one of the most talked about words this year."
With this friggin lockdown, what on Earth were we expected to do besides drinking?
This is very funny because we have a very famous fortune in my country, she lied in 1970s and she said a prophecy something like “Europe will have a crown (corona and crown are the same word in my language) on them” and people thought that monarchy would be restored in the country. But now we see that she meant something else.
@@nigelmarvin1387 Corona is also the name of a beer, might've been triple wordplay.
@Rafael Martins this implies whatever virus caused Spanish flu is the emperor of viruses. (I'd bring up plague but that's caused by bacteria instead.)
The poor bastard that had too count the diamonds on the imperial state crown. Imagine if you missed one. Oh no, I just missed something hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Really informative and interesting. Learning past & modern history really enlightens a soul 😎🙏👑💯
Well presented. Thank you. Thoroughly enjoyed it.
Very interesting, thank you. The crown of King Wenceslas is really stunning in how unusually modern it looks despite being one of the oldest!
Awesome, i am from Milan and i loved you spoke about the iron crown (Corona Ferrea), i really apriciate your contents and all of your charts!
Can you do a silmarillion/lotr family tree timeline thing I would love that and I’ve asked this for a while lol
Great video!
Hungarian's crown is the oldest still existing.
The lombard is older
You're right, the crown known as the crown of Bolesław the Brave was made in 1320 for the coronation of King Władysław the Short
ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING. THANK YOU FOR THE UPLOAD!
great video, although i must admit, as a dane, when you showed the map at 1:07, i feel bit overlooked. I hope that the videos continues, keep up the great work