Tony Tascioglu
Tony Tascioglu
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Ethernet Switches Explained (L2/Link Layer Ethernet Switches & Hubs)
Many of us use layer 2/link layer Ethernet switches at work and at home for connecting multiple devices onto one network., but, how do they actually work? How are they different than the Ethernet hubs that came before, and why? How does a switch know where to send traffic despite (usually) having no UI or other external interface?
In this video, we explore network switches and hubs, and explore how they work and how they evolved!
Of course, since this is one of my videos, this also includes several fun tangents and side-lessons including a summary of the OSI layers (mostly 1-3), as well as an example of how a router in this situation would work with routing tables and interfaces, as well as a description of ARP and how it's used in a network.
We walk through all of these concepts with step by step examples of how packets would be sent and switched and added to switching tables, as well as a high level view of how everything on the network works!
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction
00:40 - Hubs and the Bus Topology
01:36 - Packets and Collisions
04:21 - Switches
05:53 - OSI Layers
10:45 - Routers
14:48 - ARP
21:22 - Intro to Switching Tables
24:19 - How Entries are Added
32:52 - Using the Table
33:37 - Back to Routers
37:00 - Switches are Transparent
38:21 - Chaining Switches
40:46 - Conclusion
Corrections/Errata:
(Please comment below if you spot a mistake!)
Notes:
04.00 - Ok so this is a bit of an exaggeration - it's why you didn't see 24 port hubs. The building in question was however using 24 port 3com 100mbit switches, with 4 port 100mbit hubs at the ends...
Sorry if it looks a little weird - I had to record at 540p due to a quick with the camera, and what you see is a blend of an AI upscale, a lanczos and an anti-aliased upscale...
Yes this is a long video - this is a bit of a recurring trend with my videos, but I didn't want to split it up in this case. Feel free to watch at 2x!
Thanks for watching! I hope this video helped you out!
Produced by Tony Tascioglu
tonytascioglu.com
zhlédnutí: 499

Video

The USB Tree Explained (USB Hubs Aren't Magic)
zhlédnutí 366Před 6 měsíci
Most computers today use USB in one form or another. Let's talk a bit about how USB 2.0 and 3.0 devices, hubs, and controllers are laid out, and how the communication between them works. Timestamps: Coming soon. Yes this is a long video - this is a bit of a recurring trend with my videos, but I didn't want to split it up in this case. Feel free to watch at 2x! Thanks for Watching! Produced by T...
How Does Email Work? (Email Explained - Nerd Edition)
zhlédnutí 939Před 7 měsíci
Email is the most widely used communication medium in the world. Yet it operates on a very unique protocol, that isn't widely discussed. In this video, we dive in to how email works, how messages are sent and read, how attachments work, encryption, servers, centralization and much more. This video covers how various functionality of emails work, but without getting too technical. Timestamps: 00...
Thinkpad E495 - How to Upgrade RAM, SATA, M.2 SSD and WiFi
zhlédnutí 2KPřed 7 měsíci
In this video, I explain open up the Thinkpad E495 and show you how to upgrade the RAM, SATA SSD, M.2 SSD and WiFi card in the laptop. Notes: - RAM is 2x DDR4 SODIMM, runs at 2400 MT/s - SATA can be 2.5" SSD or HDD, 5V only - M.2 SSD can be M or M B key, 2242 or 2280 size - WiFi is M.2 E-key, dual antennas Produced by Tony Tascioglu tonytascioglu.com
Hardlinks vs Symlinks/Softlinks vs Reflinks Explained
zhlédnutí 300Před 7 měsíci
We commonly refer to links in Linux (and other *nix systems) as either hardlinks, symlinks or sometimes reflinks. But, what are these different types of links? How do they work? Which should you use? In this video, I explain how each of these work, the advantages and disadvantages, and when you should consider using them. Timestamps: 00:07 - Background information 06:16 - Hardlinks 15:04 - Syml...
Reduce Microphone Background Noise on Linux using PulseAudio Echo Cancellation
zhlédnutí 1,9KPřed 8 měsíci
NOTE: This is for the remaining PulseAudio users. There are better ways to do this if you're on Pipewire. It just took me 3 years to get around to editing and uploading this video after filming. In this video, I describe how you can use the standard PulseAudio echo cancellation to improve sound quality when on calls, when either you (or the person on the other end) is in a noisy environment or ...
ZFS Finally Has CoW Reflink Support on Linux!
zhlédnutí 829Před 9 měsíci
For a long time, ZFS has been missing support for reflinks found in other filesystems like Btrfs and XFS. That all changes now! OpenZFS 2.2.0 is introducing CoW reflinks to ZFS. In this video, I talk about what this means, as well as some of the limitations when it comes to links across datasets. One of the original issues on GitHub for reflink support: github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/405 Pull re...
Lenovo Ideapad 3 - Upgradeability and Parts
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed 9 měsíci
In this video, I explain open up the Lenovo Ideapad 3 shown previously on this channel, and investigate what parts can be upgraded to keep the computer running smoothly. Original video: czcams.com/video/ZEvuvXKWWOU/video.html Produced by Tony Tascioglu wiki.tonytascioglu.com
Monitors 101 (Part 3) - OLEDs! (QD-OLED vs W-OLED, text fringing, burn in)
zhlédnutí 561Před 9 měsíci
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. This is part 1 of this series! Part 1: czcams.com/video/r5Z9XL9ClY0/video.html (Introduction and CRT vs LCD) Part 2: czcams.com/v...
Monitors 101 (Part 2) - LCD Panels and Backlights! (IPS vs VA vs TN, MiniLED vs LED)
zhlédnutí 169Před 9 měsíci
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. This is part 2 of this series! Part 1: czcams.com/video/r5Z9XL9ClY0/video.html (Introduction and CRT vs LCD) Part 3: czcams.com/v...
Monitors 101 (Part 1) - Fundamentals and CRT vs LCD (and the key components)!
zhlédnutí 139Před 9 měsíci
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. This is part 1 of this series! Part 2: czcams.com/video/hIUjlNcv_M0/video.html (LCD Panel and Backlight Types) Part 3: czcams.com...
Monitors Explained! - LCD vs OLED, IPS vs VA, MiniLED and more! (Full Video)
zhlédnutí 590Před 10 měsíci
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. Full video too long? I have also broken this up into a 3 part series if you prefer. Part 1: czcams.com/video/r5Z9XL9ClY0/video.ht...
How to Configure Monitors with Sway on Linux
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed rokem
Sway is a tiling window manager like i3 but for wayland using the wlroots compositor. Since wayland is very different compared to XOrg/X11, you can't use the same commands like xrandr. In this video, I show how to use swaymsg to configure displays (mode, resolution, position, refresh rate, etc) from the command line on Sway. Note that for the average user, a graphical interface like wdisplays i...
Videos are NOT stored in RGB - YUV vs RGB and Digital Color Explained
zhlédnutí 4,8KPřed rokem
A common misconception is that digital video is processed and stored as RGB data. At first glance, this might sound reasonable - after all, the input on the camera sensor is RGBG, and your display is RGB. However, this is not the case! Videos are typically stored as YUV (or technically YCbCr in the digital realm). Why? Well, in this video, we explore digital colour and how we encode and represe...
How to Build a DIY Workstation/Server PC! (Build Guide Part 3)
zhlédnutí 538Před rokem
This is the final part of the series! In this video, I show you how to assemble a custom PC using the parts selected in part 2. We go over common mistakes and any specifics you should pay attention to when you're assembling and putting your PC together. While I focus on this workstation PC in this video, the same process is applicable for gaming or general office PCs. If you're curious about wh...
How to Easily Deduplicate Files On Linux Using rmlint!
zhlédnutí 2,4KPřed rokem
How to Easily Deduplicate Files On Linux Using rmlint!
How to Choose Parts for a Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC (Build Guide Part 2)
zhlédnutí 1KPřed rokem
How to Choose Parts for a Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC (Build Guide Part 2)
2 vs 3 vs 4 Pin Computer Fans Explained (and Which Should You Buy?)
zhlédnutí 54KPřed rokem
2 vs 3 vs 4 Pin Computer Fans Explained (and Which Should You Buy?)
DIY Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC Build Guide! (Part 1)
zhlédnutí 2,1KPřed rokem
DIY Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC Build Guide! (Part 1)
Audio vs Video vs Data Tapes Explained (How We Store So Much Information Using Electromagnets)
zhlédnutí 553Před rokem
Audio vs Video vs Data Tapes Explained (How We Store So Much Information Using Electromagnets)
Lenovo Ideapad 3 Unboxing and First Impressions
zhlédnutí 347Před rokem
Lenovo Ideapad 3 Unboxing and First Impressions
Zip vs Tar.gz Files Explained and Compared (Archiving and the DEFLATE algorithm)
zhlédnutí 9KPřed 2 lety
Zip vs Tar.gz Files Explained and Compared (Archiving and the DEFLATE algorithm)
Binaural Audio & Psychoacoustics Explained (What is "8D" music and how is it created?)
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed 2 lety
Binaural Audio & Psychoacoustics Explained (What is "8D" music and how is it created?)
How to Shuck/Open WD MyBook/EasyStore/Elements External Hard Drives
zhlédnutí 62KPřed 2 lety
How to Shuck/Open WD MyBook/EasyStore/Elements External Hard Drives
Set Custom Resolutions and Refresh Rates on Linux X11 using XRandR
zhlédnutí 13KPřed 2 lety
Set Custom Resolutions and Refresh Rates on Linux X11 using XRandR
Linux Audio Explained (ALSA vs PulseAudio vs JACK vs Pipewire Explained)
zhlédnutí 137KPřed 2 lety
Linux Audio Explained (ALSA vs PulseAudio vs JACK vs Pipewire Explained)
How To Loopback/Monitor a Microphone using Pulseaudio on Linux
zhlédnutí 10KPřed 3 lety
How To Loopback/Monitor a Microphone using Pulseaudio on Linux
How To Mount an External Hard Drive on Linux Without UAS/SCSI (smartctl on Seagate drive)
zhlédnutí 4KPřed 3 lety
How To Mount an External Hard Drive on Linux Without UAS/SCSI (smartctl on Seagate drive)
How to Map a Wacom Tablet to a Single Monitor on Linux
zhlédnutí 7KPřed 3 lety
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How To Program WS2812 LEDs with FastLED and an Arduino
zhlédnutí 9KPřed 3 lety
How To Program WS2812 LEDs with FastLED and an Arduino

Komentáře

  • @gggg-wl6bh
    @gggg-wl6bh Před 5 hodinami

    Hi Tony, first of all, great video, thank you!. I have one question, my problem is that i just want to use half of my screen, i usually (on windows) split it in half and use half of screen to take notes and the other to look at the videos or classes, the thing is that i cant find a way to do this on linux and its to anoying because it leaves me with just half tablet to use. You know if it's possible to do what i want?

  • @donho526
    @donho526 Před 2 dny

    Ok great now how do I get my Output Dummy to display something I can get sound out of?

  • @vulkoInDaLexus
    @vulkoInDaLexus Před 3 dny

    do i have to type this after every restart

  • @skywalkdesign2023
    @skywalkdesign2023 Před 3 dny

    @Tony Tascioglu : As a newbie, trying to familiarise with Linux with a hope to switch over permanently from Windows, I was trying to figure out how to edit video in Linux and make my external mic work to record audio at the same time and I stumble upon this video. I should confess that most of the things went over my head and I couldn’t figure out which one of these programmes should I use to make my mic work. I don’t know what to do. 😢

    • @lelandgaunt7130
      @lelandgaunt7130 Před 3 dny

      I tried Linux Mint yesterday, put it on a partition to test it. Everything went well, I like how it looks and feels, but can't get any sound, my rme interface won't work. I tried looking for help and searched for drivers, but everything I came across was too difficult to understand, and what I did understand did not work. I erased the Linux partition and I'm back to Win11. 😂 The 6 hrs I spent trying to get it to work is not worth the headache.

    • @skywalkdesign2023
      @skywalkdesign2023 Před 3 dny

      @@lelandgaunt7130 I don’t know what went wrong, but generally the audio should work by default. I am using Fedora and replaced Gnome with KDE Plasma and the default inbuilt sound card worked just fine. I just had some problems with my external mic but ultimately, the internet and CZcams solved my problem. I am in love with Fedora + KDE. ❤️

  • @gabrielmonzon544
    @gabrielmonzon544 Před 4 dny

    Awesome! Thanks!

  • @luminoase
    @luminoase Před 5 dny

    I just wondering, can I make 2 pin to 3/4 pin?

  • @jim_rev9335
    @jim_rev9335 Před 6 dny

    Awesome video. Could you do some videos about networking in linux? It would be awesome with your style of explaining ;)

  • @ScoobyDios
    @ScoobyDios Před 8 dny

    I love you, so cool how you know so much and are this passionate about the topic, it seemed so confusing it has been giving me headaches since I switched to linux

  • @YouTubecensorsthought

    Stupid question but I want to know how long my fan will last on a power pack I have. Do I calculate with the fans specs or the output on the pack?

  • @o7kuma
    @o7kuma Před 10 dny

    mine didn't come with built in ram 💀

  • @prenumenume7498
    @prenumenume7498 Před 13 dny

    As much as you would think that this videos is useless, It really helped me. I am working at a diy project and because I am using pc fans and I need to know how to use them. And guess what ? All you get on the specification sheet for the fans is "pin 3 signal" without telling you what the hell that "signal" even means. Thank you for the video.

  • @arijanj
    @arijanj Před 13 dny

    Great video, thank you!!

  • @richardleonard2946
    @richardleonard2946 Před 16 dny

    That was very informative. I came here because I recently bought a Hyperdrum virtual drum kit which allegedly connects via MIDI over Bluetooth to a PC running a DAW. I run Ubuntu Linux and discovered that MIDI over Bluetooth on Linux is troublesome at best and I haven't got it working yet with QTractor. One suggestion was to install Ubuntu Studio which they say comes with all the required audio stuff, eliminating the need to find pieces separately and potentially missing things and generally screwing the system up. Still haven't got it working. But we will persevere. I now have a better understanding of Linux audio and the relationships between all the different parts which hopefully will help. Any suggestions from anyone are most welcome. Thank you. P.S. Can't get it working on a Windows machine either... no that I really want to.

  • @sammikinsderp
    @sammikinsderp Před 18 dny

    This is a really great explainer on a rather confusing subject.

  • @jpedrothejo
    @jpedrothejo Před 21 dnem

    how can i remove it now, i cant change on arandr

  • @bestonyoutube
    @bestonyoutube Před 24 dny

    I tried this on latest OBS Studio but I cant get it to work. Connecting form other PC on Windows with VLC doesnt work, it says cant open socket. Opening locally VLC also doesnt work, it just shows audio no video. I followed all the settings you showed in the video.

  • @kbcsports5098
    @kbcsports5098 Před měsícem

    Thanks a lot Tony.. I worked in pulseaudio and I really loved this piece of software... It's just a bit heavy for embedded systems... for eg: AudioFlinger is not as heavy as PA

  • @thomasmyers8227
    @thomasmyers8227 Před měsícem

    What would my Email account be 1:29

  • @OscarCedano
    @OscarCedano Před měsícem

    Good Video!

  • @kazemzahedi1047
    @kazemzahedi1047 Před měsícem

    Hi Thanks for the great video. I have a set of DMX512 LED pixel lights. These are plane basic fixtures. Can I use QLC+ to set the address of the fixtures, before I can use them

  • @ruidamas8494
    @ruidamas8494 Před měsícem

    2:44 ... wrong ::: alsa does support software mixing and applications can play at the same time... is what i use.

  • @BurningDrake39
    @BurningDrake39 Před měsícem

    I feel like I can lecture people about this now, thx

  • @hasanaltntas2802
    @hasanaltntas2802 Před měsícem

    Harika! Sunum için teşekkürler. :)

  • @PlayJewel
    @PlayJewel Před měsícem

    Is there any way i can force the 3pin fan to run at higher than rated rpm? Like increasing the voltage beyond 12v? Its installed in a pc case connected to my motherboard. Although i would not like to risk my motherboard, i dont care if the fans die.

  • @Daniel_VolumeDown
    @Daniel_VolumeDown Před měsícem

    Pipewire works fine on my PC but pulseaudio allowed me to to create loopback module (hearing my mic on my headphones) with lower latency. I can set in in pulseaudio to 1ms (or at least that is what i specified in commend) and it works fine. When I tried to do that in pipewire (either via the same command as in pulseaudio or via some pipewire alternative) then there was some wired pops and audio compressions or something that were making this not good at all so I needed to change to (I am not sure if I remember correctly) something like 20ms

  • @HarrisonRowntree
    @HarrisonRowntree Před měsícem

    Absolutely perfect explanation of what I was missing in my knowledge. Thanks for putting the effort into making the video. Also, if you haven't already, shave your head bald. You'll look like a badass.

  • @jamesmason7124
    @jamesmason7124 Před měsícem

    Hi I'm new to Linux and I can't get the sound working on my Panasonic toughbook cf-19z mk8 laptop, do you have any advice

  • @FlamingSwordful
    @FlamingSwordful Před měsícem

    Insanely good video, thx king

  • @marcelozapata527
    @marcelozapata527 Před měsícem

    Genius!

  • @fekkyb
    @fekkyb Před měsícem

    In Windows Firewire Audio Interfaces just WORK. f.e. M-Audio Profire 610. Today still works in windows. It just works. Do you know if Ubuntu Studio v24.04 today, supports Firewire to the point where it works right away ? So far I have NOT seen Linux working smoothly with Firewire. BS Firewire devices are used a lot today. If you were a musician you would know and why. I think Linux is very OVER RATED. If you have a cheap computer with cheap computer speakers. Just the very basics. Linux is fine. If you are a serious Musician who uses firewire devices BECAUSE THEY WORK GREAT. Linux is NOT for you. You’ll have to get your self some cheap USB device. All OS work with USBs. Firewire is for those who want quality audio.

  • @I_good_at_alaphabet
    @I_good_at_alaphabet Před měsícem

    Thank you for this

  • @NSDaishi
    @NSDaishi Před měsícem

    If i want to wire the fans into house wires. Should i wire them in parallel or series so they split the volts? Cause 120V is a lot.

  • @kyledupont7711
    @kyledupont7711 Před měsícem

    I have found that a custom reslolution at 75 or 80hz is great for gaming, its a good balance between a frame rate you can maintain, while being significantly more smooth compared to 60hz. This is ideal for games that have questionable gsync or freesync

  • @lortega70
    @lortega70 Před měsícem

    Thank you very much for that, Tony! Much appreciated.

  • @KemetSon
    @KemetSon Před měsícem

    Can you slow a little bit Big fan from Egypt

  • @georgetimm8203
    @georgetimm8203 Před měsícem

    Thank-you for excellent lecture on 2 vs 3 vs 4 pin fans. You were clear and concise with the operations of each fan.

  • @neptronix
    @neptronix Před měsícem

    Thank you so much!!!!!!

  • @Popart-xh2fd
    @Popart-xh2fd Před měsícem

    Any compressor for mics?

  • @DCCCXVII
    @DCCCXVII Před měsícem

    So frustrating. I used to play CS2 with 4:3 1280x960 @ 165hz on Windows, but since switching to linux (lubuntu), I only have 60hz as an option in my monitor settings, and when I use xrandr to add my custom 1280x960 @ 165hz, it just gives me BadName (named color or font does not exist) and some other stuff. Really, REALLY annoying.

  • @trevor1564
    @trevor1564 Před 2 měsíci

    Is there a way to have the scenes fade between

  • @alex1_1montero
    @alex1_1montero Před 2 měsíci

    →GRACIAS POR TU GRAN AYUDA ( ESTE PIPEWIRE & PULSE ) UNIÓN TRAE ERRORES FATAL DEJA DE GRABAR O SE DESACTIVA EL AUDIO → Piewire No Trae Salida HDMI Audio tiene Fallas el Pulse audio Mejor Nunca Pasa Antiguedad Grado [ Dejar quieto Lo Q Funciona ]

  • @alex1_1montero
    @alex1_1montero Před 2 měsíci

    →GRACIAS POR TU GRAN AYUDA ( ESTE PIPEWIRE & PULSE ) UNIÓN TRAE ERRORES FATAL DEJA DE GRABAR O SE DESACTIVA EL AUDIO → Piewire No Trae Salida HDMI Audio tiene Fallas el Pulse audio Mejor Nunca Pasa Antiguedad Grado [ Dejar quieto Lo Q Funciona ]

  • @jamesbaxter2812
    @jamesbaxter2812 Před 2 měsíci

    Sir, I am going through your vid, I tried to go through mine. I am getting the same thing as you are. I can't get it to work. I also have a USB drive for backup. Can you help

  • @zeebpc
    @zeebpc Před 2 měsíci

    pactl load-module module-loopback

  • @Accidic
    @Accidic Před 2 měsíci

    Molex is a company who make a myriad of connector types, not just the 4pins from pcs. Their extremely helpful and can be utilized to make some incredibly cleanly wired installs.

  • @roa4031
    @roa4031 Před 2 měsíci

    I can stream on the same PC but not another pc...

  • @jasonblazgk9973
    @jasonblazgk9973 Před 2 měsíci

    Good overview of this tool, thanks

  • @urzicaioan6509
    @urzicaioan6509 Před 2 měsíci

    is not useless.....thks for this..

  • @michaelromeo5658
    @michaelromeo5658 Před 2 měsíci

    HI, will this work with any led light strip manufacturer..not sure what mine is

  • @Windcolors
    @Windcolors Před 2 měsíci

    You very failing by VA! VA havent a good viewing Angle! And 8+2 is by IPS too, this 10+2 by IPS is only by very high pricing Displays for Professionals and not for consumer