How Radiology Works
How Radiology Works
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Video

X-ray Pre-processing [ADC,Quantization, Bad Pixel, Flat Fielding]
zhlédnutí 338Před měsícem
Pre processing including quantization, bad pixel correction and flat field correction (i.e. flat fielding) and histogram processing may also be used as part of the pre-processing.
DICOM (What it is and Why it is important for Radiology)!
zhlédnutí 998Před měsícem
DICOM stands for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. It's an international standard that defines the communication format for medical images in Radiology. In this video we go into the details of: Why do we need DICOMs? How is the information arranged in DICOM images? How large are DICOM files? Info on modalities that use Dicom like: Digital X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound. How are DICOM ...
PACS (What is Picture Archiving and Communications System)
zhlédnutí 779Před 2 měsíci
The PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) at the hospital is part of an infrastructure within the Radiology Department of a given hospital and within the infrastructure there is communication to several components including the: RIS (Radiological Information System) HIS (Hospital Information System) EMR (Electronic Medical Record) Reading Stations Imaging Modalities Dicom HL7 Virtu...
LUTs (Look Up Tables in Radiology)
zhlédnutí 922Před 2 měsíci
In X-ray Radiology Look-Up Tables (LUTs) are commonly used to adjust the visualization of the images. Look up tables change the relative contrast in images. Typically increasing the contrast in the images to make them appear more like film images. LUTs are also used to invert the image contrast.
X-ray Tube Loading (Heat Units & Heat Capacity)
zhlédnutí 492Před 3 měsíci
Tube Loading limits the heat that can be put into the x-ray tube before damaging the tube and thus limiting the power that can be used in each acquisition for x-ray and CT imaging. The heat units and heat capacity of the tube are also introduced. Heat (HU) = kV_effective x mAs Heat (HU) ~ 1.4 x kVp x mAs Power (watts) = w x kVp x mA
ROC and AUC with (Sensitivity vs Specificity vs Accuracy)
zhlédnutí 647Před 3 měsíci
ROC Receiver Operator Characteristics are used to measure properties of diagnostic tests by plotting the sensitivity vs one minus the specificity. A helpful summary of ROC studies is the Area Under the Curve (AUC). These are superior metrics to accuracy for diagnostic tests as the are less sensitive to the prevalence of the abnormalities in the population.
Dependencies Of kVp And mA On Contrast, Penetration, Quality & Quantity
zhlédnutí 968Před 3 měsíci
kVp is the kiloVolt Potential (tube voltage) and mA is milliAmperes (tube current) and are typically the most important parameters in an x-ray or CT acquisition. We go through the basic dependencies of the kVp and mA in terms of: Beam Penetration Image Contrast Quality of the X-ray Beam Quantity of photons in the X-ray Beam We promise after watching you won't forget these relationships as we kn...
Radiation Dosimeters (Film, TLD, OSLD, EPD)
zhlédnutí 3,7KPřed 3 měsíci
This is a video about radiation dosimeters, where to wear them, the radiation doses for workers and details about the types dosimeters including Film Badges TLD OSLD EPD
X-ray Components (Radiography, Fluoroscopy: Tube, Circuit, CR, DR)
zhlédnutí 678Před 3 měsíci
x-ray system components for Radiography, Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Systems taking diagnostic x-rays. Designed for radiographer students and radiologic technologists, a.k.a. Radiology students. First Introduction to x-ray imaging and x-ray physics All of the components of the x-ray system are introduced including: X-ray Tube Operating Consoles Bucky CR DR Fluoroscopy AEC ABC , AERC Automated...
Radiology Display Brightness and Viewing (luminance, Dicom GSRC)
zhlédnutí 550Před 4 měsíci
This is a video about monitor quality quality assurance especially focusing around LCD monitors used for Radiology imaging including diagnostic monitors, secondary monitors, clinical specialists monitors and EHR monitors.
CRT vs LCD vs OLED ( How Monitors Work )
zhlédnutí 669Před 4 měsíci
Display technology comparison of Cathode Ray Tubes CRT Liquid Crystal Display LCD Organic Light Emitting Diodes OLED
X-ray Radiation Sources in the room
zhlédnutí 522Před 4 měsíci
This is a video about radiation sources within the room.
Transformers
zhlédnutí 358Před 5 měsíci
Transformers are used multiple places in an X-ray circuit and thus understanding how they convert the Voltage and Current based on the ratio of the number of primary to secondary turns is critical.
X-ray Circuit (Primary, Secondary, Filament Circuits)
zhlédnutí 2,9KPřed 5 měsíci
The X-ray Circuit powers the x-ray tube from the wall power consisting of the primary, secondary and filament circuits. Which includes Transformers, AutoTransformers, Rectifiers, and Rheostats.
KV Waveforms and Rectification
zhlédnutí 344Před 5 měsíci
KV Waveforms and Rectification
Dose Area Product DAP, Kerma Area Product KAP
zhlédnutí 1,5KPřed 5 měsíci
Dose Area Product DAP, Kerma Area Product KAP
X-ray Filters (Physical Beam Filtration)
zhlédnutí 875Před 5 měsíci
X-ray Filters (Physical Beam Filtration)
X-Ray Energy, wavelength and frequency
zhlédnutí 1KPřed 6 měsíci
X-Ray Energy, wavelength and frequency
Light Field and Central Ray X-ray Alignment
zhlédnutí 893Před 6 měsíci
Light Field and Central Ray X-ray Alignment
Beam Restriction (X-ray Collimator)
zhlédnutí 1,6KPřed 6 měsíci
Beam Restriction (X-ray Collimator)
Scan Field of View vs Display Field of View (CT SFOV vs DFOV)
zhlédnutí 3,1KPřed 8 měsíci
Scan Field of View vs Display Field of View (CT SFOV vs DFOV)
Care kV and Auto Prescription [kVp Selection for CT]
zhlédnutí 2,2KPřed 11 měsíci
Care kV and Auto Prescription [kVp Selection for CT]
CT patient positioning [Centering Rational]
zhlédnutí 4,3KPřed 11 měsíci
CT patient positioning [Centering Rational]
CT Contrast Injection (Flow Rate, Delay and Duration)
zhlédnutí 11KPřed 11 měsíci
CT Contrast Injection (Flow Rate, Delay and Duration)
DQE , NPS and MTF Clearly Explained (Detective Quantum Efficiency)
zhlédnutí 3,2KPřed rokem
DQE , NPS and MTF Clearly Explained (Detective Quantum Efficiency)
Contrast Agents in X-ray and CT Scans: What You Need to Know
zhlédnutí 23KPřed rokem
Contrast Agents in X-ray and CT Scans: What You Need to Know
CT Image Noise (Dependence on Technical parameters)
zhlédnutí 3,5KPřed rokem
CT Image Noise (Dependence on Technical parameters)
Mammography (X-ray Physics)
zhlédnutí 7KPřed rokem
Mammography (X-ray Physics)
Technical Parameters for CT: CT Physics!
zhlédnutí 6KPřed rokem
Technical Parameters for CT: CT Physics!

Komentáře

  • @areafkun
    @areafkun Před 8 hodinami

    Firstly, thanks for the video! The animation for the on screen words are not necessary IMO, and the audio was a bit choppy, it got mini-skipped here and there. Another thing is i hope you don't make the slide swapped left and right, feels a bit dizzy seeing that.

  • @user-lp1dz5vb4j
    @user-lp1dz5vb4j Před 16 hodinami

    Great video ❤❤❤❤

  • @HopeNtsakoMaswanganye

    give this man his flowers , what an understandable way to explain it

  • @alexmetehh1497
    @alexmetehh1497 Před 5 dny

    How big were detectors in a single array ct scan machines ?? Anyone ?

  • @ademuwagunoladipupo1188

    Thanks for the video. Are you saying that the DC voltage value in the electrodes is not the same as the voltage value across the filament?

    • @johndavis4767
      @johndavis4767 Před 4 dny

      The filaments need about 20 volts (usually ac) to give off the proper amount of electrons for the ma current through the x-ray tube, which would be dc current. The filament voltage varies depending on the ma and kvp selected by the Technician.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 3 dny

      Thanks John, yeah the filament needs high Amps to warm it up so it uses a low voltage to get high amps. And then the kVp is the voltage across from the electron cloud to the anode to pull the electrons across 😀

  • @mohammedyussif2835
    @mohammedyussif2835 Před 8 dny

    Hi guys on the 25th February of this year i have a ct scan with iodinated contrast dye, and i noticed that 2 weeks after that i was having irregular heartbeat, and muscle cramps and twitching, and inching too, i want back to the hospital many times but theh keep letting me its not from the iodine contrast, but 100% knew all this symptoms am having is from the contrast. Please i help to save my Kidneys. I really this it's had effects on my Kidneys.. please i need help to save my Kidneys. It been 2 months now.

  • @user-bk7bc2yb2h
    @user-bk7bc2yb2h Před 9 dny

    Such a well explained and helpful revision video than you so much

  • @user-bk7bc2yb2h
    @user-bk7bc2yb2h Před 9 dny

    HELLO SIR . HELP PLESE -TRILP-TR300A RADIOGRAPHIC X-RAY UNIT-KeV, kVp, mA, and mAs

  • @shanzayaziz2131
    @shanzayaziz2131 Před 10 dny

    Thank you for presenting everything in a structured and proper way

  • @user-uu1zf6lo8f
    @user-uu1zf6lo8f Před 16 dny

    I am a Korean student who is learning about Ct. Which has more influence on pixel size between Scan FOV and Display FOV? And is pixel size closely related to SFOV?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 14 dny

      Scan field of view is determined by the bowtie filter and the reconstruction field of view is often called the display field of view, the pixel size is DFOV/ matrix dimension, ie 250/512mm is a common pixel size for the brain

  • @hdvsmith
    @hdvsmith Před 17 dny

    That was a great explanation of Tomosynthesis. I'm a Project Manger for a hospital and I sometime need additional understanding about new equipment, what is being used for, and why departments need to upgrade their equipment. These brief tutorials help me understand the reasoning behind why certain equipment is better than others and also how the logistics of the equipment may factor into the design of a new space. Thanks again for that very clear and concise explanation of Tomosynthesis.

  • @MOHAMEDBUSHIHA2338
    @MOHAMEDBUSHIHA2338 Před 18 dny

    thnx for the amazing effort

  • @alejandrogoldberg3803

    Thank you! 👍✔️

  • @xhup6888
    @xhup6888 Před 23 dny

    The quality of the video is not the best, the sound is good, but your movement comes late,which distracts us ,so I suggest to you to not showing yourself, just make a video with your voice with some videos on the screen about the topic that would be more than enough ..thanks for reading☺️

    • @TheNettforce
      @TheNettforce Před 23 dny

      Thanks for the suggestion, what do others think would it be better without the video?

  • @user-ob8ev2dp7b
    @user-ob8ev2dp7b Před 23 dny

    Can cognitive skills diminish cuz of contrast agent?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 23 dny

      I have not seen anything in the literature to suggest that

  • @JayR-uv6vc
    @JayR-uv6vc Před 24 dny

    Hi Sir Can radiation therapy following keloid excision on back of ear cause carcinogenesis? machine used was electron beam radiation with LINAC 6mev 18gy/3 fr 3 days thanks

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 23 dny

      In general any radiation can induce cancer later in life. The treatment is planned where the benefits of the treatment should outweigh the potential risk of cancer induction later in life.

  • @maggiit2400
    @maggiit2400 Před 26 dny

    Lo pueden traducir al español😢

  • @Anonymous..777
    @Anonymous..777 Před 26 dny

    Hey i recently underwent a head CT ( NCCT brain)..But i was given 2 CT datasets ( image sheets) instead of 1..Does it mean they repeated scan and i got double exposure to radiation..SFOV , slice thickness, Voltage was same in both CT datasets and current was also mostly same( 160 ma in middle rows of both dataset and lower values on upper and bottom rows)..Please if u could comment upon it..I m really worried

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 24 dny

      Typically the same raw data from the detector is used to make two image sets: one for soft tissue and one for bone. On the dose report it should include all the acquisitions but it sounds like you just had one. If there was contrast injected after the first scan then it may have been more than one

  • @gordy7006
    @gordy7006 Před 28 dny

    I have a dilemma. I am currently making 99k/year as an account executive for a marketing company. I could start the X-ray program in California (Oakland to be exact) in August 2024, which means I would have to quit my full time job and focus on the X-ray program for 2 years straight. Once hired by a hospital, I would most likely make less than 99k. Is it worth it?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 27 dny

      Maybe other viewers can chime in? I agree it would probably not be something for a pay bump. If you can find someone local that does it or someone you can shadow that would help. Sorry this is a personal decision so you will have to weigh the options and see what is best. Good luck 🍀 and let us know what you decide.

  • @brianmaunda5493
    @brianmaunda5493 Před 29 dny

    This was helpful

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 29 dny

      Thanks Brian, that’s our goal. Thanks for leaving a comment

  • @june9713
    @june9713 Před měsícem

    Thank you very much for the great lecture. After watching your lecture, one question arose. If optical fibers arranged in series are used to collect blue light generated from IP, does noise occur due to loss of light in the gap between optical fibers?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Yes there is some efficiency loss in the transfer as not all the light is transferred into the optical fibers.

  • @sohailkohri7269
    @sohailkohri7269 Před měsícem

    ❤❤

  • @catchingupwithniquedon
    @catchingupwithniquedon Před měsícem

    Why does it cause rapid heart rate

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31016447/#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Iodine%20concentration%20does%20not%20influence%20the,the%20contrast%20medium%20affects%20the%20injection%20pressure. I’m not sure of the root cause but an interesting thing is that the change in heart rate does not change with concentration.

  • @tutor_mahdi
    @tutor_mahdi Před měsícem

    Love the creativity! Thank you so much for the byte size explanation and kudos to your son the hero of the video!🥹❤

  • @panamazus
    @panamazus Před měsícem

    What parameters control the bow tie filter used? My assumption is the scanned FOV…is this accurate?

  • @karlwagner8905
    @karlwagner8905 Před měsícem

    Thank you so much for your excellent videos!

  • @jamshidkhan913
    @jamshidkhan913 Před měsícem

    Please could you guide me how can I protect from daily dental xray because I work in dental clinic

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      www.iaea.org/resources/rpop/health-professionals/dentistry/staff , here are best practices that keep radiation dose low.

  • @saifimansoori7225
    @saifimansoori7225 Před měsícem

    Sir you r just doing a very good job No one make videos on radiography in India as like u I am becoming a huge fan of yours ❤❤ Mashallah 😊 Thank you sir for helping us Lottts of luv from students like me --From India 🇮🇳

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      You are welcome 🙏 Thanks for these nice words ☺️

  • @AppleWW16
    @AppleWW16 Před měsícem

    I’ve spent the past few months absolutely baffled by window width and level. Your video is the first time it has clicked for me! Thank you for making this! I shall be rewatching many times for revision :)

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Great to hear! Thanks so much for leaving the comment. Pass it on to friends

  • @hakdognialjhor2286
    @hakdognialjhor2286 Před měsícem

    Hi Sir, I have a question regarding the pressure limit. Is it true that the purpose if pressure limit is to prevent the syringe and coil from exploding and doesn't really do much to prevent extravasation. Thank you.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      patientsafety.pa.gov/ADVISORIES/Pages/200812_136.aspx , yeah a major reason for the limit is to prevent tubing issues

  • @mostafaameen1030
    @mostafaameen1030 Před měsícem

    wow, you are too under rated

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Thanks for saying so, you can spread the Rad love to others you know in the field.

  • @koyaanisqatsi7404
    @koyaanisqatsi7404 Před měsícem

    Nice video! Do you have some sources so we can deep dive into the topic?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/RPT_270.pdf , Here is the best reference to dive deep and there are references therein as well.

  • @sohailkohri7269
    @sohailkohri7269 Před měsícem

    Sir please make video on HL-7 language format

  • @wlfgang
    @wlfgang Před měsícem

    Xray of sinuses - "Image And Fluoroscopy Area Dose Product" = 1.673, which according to DICOM info is dGy*cm*cm. When doing head CT it's 1.7 mSv.. But when converting sinus xray's 1.6 dGy to mSv, that's 163 mSv... Is this correct? How is this number so large and higher than for head CT?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      These are different units. I have a separate video on Dose Area Product or Kerma Area Product but I don’t have a calculator currently

  • @user-qd4rs2kt5r
    @user-qd4rs2kt5r Před měsícem

    Hello , i have a question, is it normal for a digital xray( the one used by dentist ) to make a buzzing / humming sound when the xray is emitted ? Plus, what would be the cause of the sound? Since other dental / digital xray machine used in another office didnt make such noise at all

  • @troythepinoy
    @troythepinoy Před měsícem

    Thanks of another detailed video Brian! Always learning a lot on your channel

  • @johndavis4767
    @johndavis4767 Před měsícem

    Nice video. My only comment is about the filament transformer. It does not need to be a step down transformer. It could be 1 to 1, with no step up or down. The filament needs about 20v to heat up properly. Its main purpose is to isolate the low voltage circuit from the voltage circuit. So there would be 50K to 150K volts between the primary and secondary sides. There would also need to be two transformers so both filaments and not on at the same time.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Thanks for the clarification, yes this is a simplified circuit with representative components

  • @Alyssa-ui7bf
    @Alyssa-ui7bf Před měsícem

    Watching in hopes that I can get help at my new clinic! Preset techniques are way off and admittedly I’ve never been good at manual techniques (still somewhat new grad)

  • @Nicho2020
    @Nicho2020 Před měsícem

    Too slow!, awith annoying background music.

  • @JJ-en7pm
    @JJ-en7pm Před měsícem

    Thank you!! Also can you not put loud music?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Thanks my newer videos do not have background music, appreciate the feedback

  • @gracielamendoza7353
    @gracielamendoza7353 Před měsícem

    Is the DLP more for contrast ct ? I read that with contrast ct the body absorbs more ?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8452580/ , recent papers suggest about 30% increase in organ dose with iodine contrast. This is not included in traditional DLP methodology.

    • @gracielamendoza7353
      @gracielamendoza7353 Před měsícem

      @@HowRadiologyWorks do you think if I do the DLP calculator and add 30% that would give me an estimate ?

  • @gustavofoss2280
    @gustavofoss2280 Před měsícem

    you should make it clear that the diagram you explained is for the low frequency x ray voltage generator, nowadays all x ray generators are high frequency generators which have negligible ripple and are much smaller and more efficient in converting the electrical potential.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Thanks for the comments, we have videos on kV waveform and Tube Heating that go into high frequency inverters more. This video is a basic introduction on the simplest circuit designed for radiologic technologists.

  • @gustavofoss2280
    @gustavofoss2280 Před měsícem

    hey there, great video, but the interactive calculators aren't working properly on your webpage.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Try it now. I just did an update so should be working now. Thanks for letting me know it was down.

  • @conormurray7056
    @conormurray7056 Před měsícem

    Misrepresents the fact that the most advanced scanners (Naetom alpha) don't cover the whole heart in one rotation but in fact at ultra-fast pitch.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      Thanks for the comment, please see our video on helical vs axial where we cover that scan mode.

  • @garybarker9587
    @garybarker9587 Před 2 měsíci

    Triple lumen

  • @aofddofa6661
    @aofddofa6661 Před 2 měsíci

    You simplified it in a very nice way.. we could gain the same knowledge in 1-2h but you put it n few min straight forward for us, So thank you so much

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 2 měsíci

      Thanks I really appreciate it. I try to keep it simple. It does take longer to make the shorter videos concentrating on the main points.

  • @TaylorSudderth-we8vu
    @TaylorSudderth-we8vu Před 2 měsíci

    Great video, thanks!

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 2 měsíci

      You’re most welcome Taylor. 😊 thanks for the comment

  • @tradingfundamentals
    @tradingfundamentals Před 2 měsíci

    Hey, is there any chance that you would make the time for a informational interview regarding radiography? Or do you know anyone that would have the time? Thank you.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před měsícem

      What is the context, what would it be used for? Also I’m only an expert in the physics of it and not the procedures side or daily life so probably better to reach out to the local school and see if they can put you in touch with recent graduates.

  • @h.ak.x3134
    @h.ak.x3134 Před 2 měsíci

    Really appreciate it. You made it easy for me to understand LUT!

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 2 měsíci

      Great glad it was helpful ☺️ share we others and teach them too

  • @stephenmorris3696
    @stephenmorris3696 Před 2 měsíci

    only just today heard about these non rotating EBCT machines. never seen one in practice. Our Siemens force does a great job of CTCA and much more, I imagine these EBCT machines are now obsolete.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Před 2 měsíci

      You’re right the engineering improvements on third gen CT have been impressive and put EBCT out of business. The modern tubes can deliver a lot more x-ray flux than EBCT and 3rd generation CT is also versatile for all anatomy.